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1

HOOGLAND, J. K., and C. D. D. NEUMANN. "LOCAL SCALE INVARIANCE AND CONTINGENT CLAIM PRICING." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 04, no. 01 (2001): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024901000857.

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Prices of tradables can only be expressed relative to one another at any instant of time. This fundamental fact should therefore also hold for contingent claims, i.e. tradable instruments, whose prices depend on the prices of other tradables. We show that this property induces a local scale invariance in the problem of pricing contingent claims. Due to this symmetry we do not require any martingale techniques to arrive at the price of a claim. If the tradables are driven by Brownian motion, we find, in a natural way, that this price satisfies a PDE. Both possess a manifest gauge invariance. A
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2

Blignaut, Z., G. N. Farrell, and L. Rangasamy. "Distinguishing Between Tradables and Non-Tradables: The Case of South Africa." Studies in Economics and Econometrics 32, no. 3 (2008): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10800379.2008.12106458.

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3

Auricchio, Marta, Emanuele Ciani, Alberto Dalmazzo, and Guido de Blasio. "Life after public employment retrenchment: evidence from Italian municipalities." Journal of Economic Geography 20, no. 3 (2019): 733–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbz013.

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Abstract We investigate the interaction between public and private employment at the local level. In contrast to previous literature, which has mainly examined public sector expansions, we provide evidence about the impact of downsizing. Using data from Italian municipalities, the IV strategy we adopt here exploits the fact that the contraction in public employment observed between the last two Censuses (2001–2011) was strongly influenced by the decision made by central government, with little reference to local economic conditions. Our results suggest that exogenous reductions in public emplo
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4

Yasar, Mahmut, Roderick M. Rejesus, Yanjing Chen, and Ujjayant Chakravorty. "Political Influence of Firms in the Tradables and Non-Tradables Sectors: A Cross-Country Analysis." Economics & Politics 23, no. 3 (2011): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.2011.00386.x.

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5

Wolf, Holger C., Alberto Giovannini, and Jose De Gregorio. "International Evidenceon Tradables and Nontradables Inflation." IMF Working Papers 94, no. 33 (1994): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451979282.001.

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6

Arndt, Sven W. "The "Great Moderation" in a Dual Exchange Rate Regime." Global Economy Journal 12, no. 4 (2012): 1850276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1900.

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In the early nineties, the U.S. economy was emerging from a brief slump, monetary policy was easy, and economic activity recovered quickly during the decade, with GDP eventually reaching and then passing the consensus full employment level. Yet aggregate inflation remained surprisingly subdued. This moderation in prices at the aggregate level persuaded policy makers to allow the easy-money stance to continue in spite of the presence of inflation in non-tradables and in housing and construction in particular. This paper uses a flex-price, mixed-exchange rate model to examine some of the major c
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7

Ibarra, Carlos A., and Jaime Ros. "Profitability and capital accumulation in Mexico: a first look at tradables and non-tradables based on KLEMS." International Review of Applied Economics 33, no. 3 (2018): 426–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2018.1511691.

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8

Burstein, Ariel, Gordon Hanson, Lin Tian, and Jonathan Vogel. "Tradability and the Labor‐Market Impact of Immigration: Theory and Evidence From the United States." Econometrica 88, no. 3 (2020): 1071–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta16196.

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In this paper, we study how occupation (or industry) tradability shapes local labor‐market adjustment to immigration. Theoretically, we derive a simple condition under which the arrival of foreign‐born labor into a region crowds native‐born workers out of (or into) immigrant‐intensive jobs, thus lowering (or raising) relative wages in these occupations, and we explain why this process differs within tradable versus within nontradable activities. Using data for U.S. commuting zones over the period 1980–2012, we find—consistent with our theory—that a local influx of immigrants crowds out employm
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9

De Gregorio, José, Alberto Giovannini, and Holger C. Wolf. "International evidence on tradables and nontradables inflation." European Economic Review 38, no. 6 (1994): 1225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(94)90070-1.

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10

Feliciano, Zadia M. "Workers and Trade Liberalization: The Impact of Trade Reforms in Mexico on Wages and Employment." ILR Review 55, no. 1 (2001): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390105500106.

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Between 1986 and 1990, the Mexican government reduced tariffs and import license coverage by more than 50%. The author, using micro-level data, analyzes the impact of trade reform on Mexican wages and employment. Industries that had greater reductions in protection levels, she finds, had a larger percentage of low-skill workers. Wage dispersion increased in both the non-tradables sector and, to a much greater degree, the tradables sector. This pattern suggests that trade reform increased wage inequality. The decline in import license coverage appears to have reduced relative wages of workers i
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11

Brückner, Markus. "Natural resource dependence, non-tradables, and economic growth." Journal of Comparative Economics 38, no. 4 (2010): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2010.06.002.

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12

Sposi, Michael. "Trade barriers and the relative price of tradables." Journal of International Economics 96, no. 2 (2015): 398–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2015.02.003.

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13

Sinyakov, A., and K. Yudaeva. "Central bank policy under significant balance-of-payment shocks and structural shifts." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 9 (September 20, 2016): 5–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-9-5-39.

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In this paper, we analyze a number of monetary and FX policy alternatives using the model of a small open oil-exporting economy hit by severe balance-of-payment shocks, such as those that simultaneously affected the Russian economy in 2014-2015. For our purposes, we modify Romer’s (2013) IS-MP general equilibrium model by adding a structure similar to the Russian economy (tradables and oil vs. non-tradables). In the model, we consider an optimal policy mix that includes a floating exchange rate, FX liquidity provision by a central bank and temporary tightening of monetary policy. The flexible
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14

Cincibuch, Martin, and Jiri Podpiera. "Beyond Balassa-Samuelson: Real appreciation in tradables in transition countries1." Economics of Transition 14, no. 3 (2006): 547–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2006.00263.x.

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15

Lindawati, Lindawati, Rikrik Rahadian, and Sonny Koeshendrajana. "ANALISIS DAYA SAING KOMODITAS IKAN LELE KABUPATEN BOGOR." Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan 8, no. 1 (2015): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v8i1.1200.

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Nilai daya saya saing suatu produk merupakan gambaran kemampuan suatu komoditas untuk berkompetisi di pasar. Setiap komoditas yang dijual di pasar, secara natural tentunya harus berdaya saing, baik dibandingkan dengan komoditas sejenis maupun komoditas substitusinya. Ikan lele merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan bagi program Minapolitan di Kabupaten Bogor, sehingga memiliki nilai strategis bagi pemangku kebijakan di sektor Kelautan dan Perikanan. Hingga saat ini, kajian mikro usaha budidaya ikan lele telah banyak dilakukan, namun analisis daya saing komoditas ini masih terbatas. Oleh karen
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16

Simonovska, Ina. "Income Differences and Prices of Tradables: Insights from an Online Retailer." Review of Economic Studies 82, no. 4 (2015): 1612–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/restud/rdv015.

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17

Strauss, Jack. "Productivity differentials, the relative price of non-tradables and real exchange rates." Journal of International Money and Finance 18, no. 3 (1999): 383–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-5606(99)85003-7.

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18

Venables, Anthony J. "Breaking into tradables: Urban form and urban function in a developing city." Journal of Urban Economics 98 (March 2017): 88–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2017.01.002.

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19

Aten, Bettina H. "Does Space Matter? International Comparisons of the Prices of Tradables and Nontradables." International Regional Science Review 20, no. 1-2 (1997): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016001769702000103.

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20

Zietz, Joachim. "The relative price of tradables and nontradables and the U.S. trade balance." Open Economies Review 7, no. 2 (1996): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01891901.

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21

Venables, Anthony J. "Urbanisation in Developing Economies: building cities that work." REGION 5, no. 1 (2018): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v5i1.245.

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This paper reviews recent work on the economics of fast growing developing country cities, with a focus on Africa. It sets out some of the broad facts about African urbanisation and summarises two recent pieces of research work. The first argues that coordination failure can create multiple equilibria and divergent paths of development, some in which cities are internationally competitive and able to create jobs, others in which cities are stuck in a ‘nono-tradables trap’. The second is a dynamic model of city growth, calibrated to changing patterns of land-use in Nairobi; the calibration sugg
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22

Bai, Liang, and Sebastian Stumpner. "Estimating US Consumer Gains from Chinese Imports." American Economic Review: Insights 1, no. 2 (2019): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aeri.20180358.

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We estimate the size of US consumer gains from Chinese imports during 2004–2015. Using barcode-level price and expenditure data, we construct inflation rates under CES preferences, and use Chinese exports to Europe as an instrument. We find significant negative effects of Chinese imports on US prices. This effect is driven by both changes in the prices of existing goods and the entry of new goods, and it is similar across consumer groups by income or region. A simple benchmarking exercise suggests that Chinese imports led to a 0.19 percentage point annual reduction in the price index for consu
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23

Belshaw, Deryke, Peter Lawrence, and Michael Hubbard. "Agricultural Tradables and Economic Recovery in Uganda: The Limitations of Structural Adjustment in Practice." World Development 27, no. 4 (1999): 673–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(99)00030-3.

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24

Mollick, Andr� Varella. "Real exchange rate shocks on tradables, nontradables, and the current account: Mexico, 1980-2000." Empirical Economics 28, no. 3 (2003): 615–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001810200151.

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25

Emran, Shahe, and Imam Alam. "Weak separability of non-tradables from consumer good imports: A simple test with evidence from Bangladesh." Economics Letters 63, no. 2 (1999): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-1765(99)00030-0.

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26

Ivens, Annika. "Fiscal devaluation in the Euro area: The role of rigidities, non-tradables, and social security contributions." Journal of International Money and Finance 87 (October 2018): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2018.05.004.

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27

Deockhyun, Ryu, and Ko Heechae. "Decomposition into Tradables and Nontradables and the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Hypothesis of the Real Won-dollar Exchange Rate." East Asian Economic Review 15, no. 3 (2011): 129–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11644/kiep.jeai.2011.15.3.236.

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28

HOOGLAND, J. K., C. D. D. NEUMANN, and M. H. VELLEKOOP. "SYMMETRIES IN JUMP-DIFFUSION MODELS WITH APPLICATIONS IN OPTION PRICING AND CREDIT RISK." International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance 06, no. 02 (2003): 135–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219024903001803.

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It is a well known fact that local scale invariance plays a fundamental role in the theory of derivative pricing. Specific applications of this principle have been used quite often under the name of "change of numeraire", but in recent work it was shown that when invoked as a fundamental first principle, it provides a powerful alternative method for the derivation of prices and hedges of derivative securities, when prices of the underlying tradables are driven by Wiener processes. In this article we extend this work to the pricing problem in markets driven not only by Wiener processes but also
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29

Ziaurrahman, Muhammad. "TRADABLE AND NON-TRADABLE RIGHT FROM ISLAMIC LAW OF CONTRACTS PERSPECTIVE." Bait Al Mashura Journal, no. 11 (October 1, 2019): 15–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33001/m011020191163.

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Islam advocates the protection of all types of Rights. However, each and every type of Right is not directly regulated by Shari’ah (Islamic Law) while the principles of Shari’ah can be construed to provide support for such regulation and protection. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such paper which efficiently talks about the tradable and non-tradable Rights from Islamic Law of Contracts Perspective as such that it provides a framework to evaluate different types of Rights for their permissibility of being subject matter of contract. This paper attempts to address this issue by using
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30

Little, Ian M. D. "Trade and Industrialisation Revisited (The Iqbal Memorial Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4I (1994): 359–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4ipp.359-389.

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In 1970 the book Industry and Trade in Some Developing Countries by myself, Tibor Scitovsky and Maurice Scott was published (referred to henceforth as LSS). It exposed the bad effects of the import substitution policies which had been the prevailing mode of industrialisation in developing countries for a long time. It advocated the elimination of quotas and a uniform tariff of 10-15 percent. The exchange rate should be adjusted to ensure that exports were competitive. If any industry was, exceptionally, to receive more promotion than that implied by the low tariff, this should be by some form
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31

Toušek, Z. "Market for tradable pollution permits." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 50, No. 5 (2012): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/5189-agricecon.

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Structural changes that were following the transformation from the centrally planed economy to market oriented one brought among other things new perceptions that of the hither to mainly reglected environmental issues. The Czech Republic as one of the few developed countries has achieved a tremendous decline in a emission production by huge investments. Because of the Kyoto protocol ratification by the EU, this issue is getting more important. The practical consequence of this ratification process is the creation of the unified European market for tradable emission permits that should be fully
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32

Dragoi, M. "Tradable permits in logging operations." Journal of Forest Science 48, No. 1 (2019): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/11855-jfs.

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The paper presents a new system of tradable permits combined with ecological bonds that is able to promote environment-friendly logging technologies, supposed to be less harmful to the forest ecosystem. All loggers deposit in advance ecological bonds on to-be-harvested volume basis and a certain number of permits to damage is freely given per each cubic meter, by the public authority. After surveying the damage caused throughout all harvested tracts, the number of permits on the volume basis is recomputed for each logger according to the magnitude and importance of damage caused. The logging c
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33

Zhou, Fang, Jianhui Wu, Yan Xu, and Chi Yi. "Optimization Scheme of Tradable Credits and Bus Departure Quantity for Travelers’ Travel Mode Choice Guidance." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (December 20, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6665161.

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To analyze the influence of tradable credits and bus departure quantity on travelers' travel mode choice, this study investigated car travel and bus travel as research objects and established a two-mode day-to-day travel mode choice model based on tradable credits and bus departure quantity. To improve the guiding effect of tradable credits and bus departure quantity, an optimization scheme of tradable credits and bus departure quantity was developed with the goal of minimizing the system total travel time of car travel and the system total comprehensive cost of bus travel. Taking a test trans
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34

Adejumo, Afolabi O., and Sylvanus I. Ikhide. "Remittance Inflows, Real Exchange Rate Movements and Sectoral Performance in Nigeria." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 7, no. 1 (2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v7i1.p78-88.

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The impact of remittance on international trade is often comparable to tariff changes—since exchange rate represents price of tradable goods. The appreciation of real exchange rate brings about increase in relative demand for competing importing tradable goods above domestic tradable goods given demand for non-tradable, since foreign goods are now cheaper in terms of domestic currency and there is high purchasing ability to do so. Resources re-allocation between tradable and non-tradable sector has been significant in Nigeria. Contribution of the agricultural sector to Nigeria’s GDP has shrunk
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35

Fell, Harrison. "Tradable Permits versus Tradable Credits: A Survey and Analysis." International Review of Environmental and Resource Economics 6, no. 1 (2012): 1–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/101.00000047.

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36

MELLISS, C. L. "EXPLAINING TRADABLE AND NON-TRADABLE PRICES IN THE U.K." Manchester School 64, no. 3 (1996): 241–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.1996.tb00484.x.

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37

Fernández-Huertas Moraga, Jesús, and Hillel Rapoport. "Tradable immigration quotas." Journal of Public Economics 115 (July 2014): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2014.04.002.

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38

Woerdman, Edwin, and Minne Dulleman. "Tradable earthquake certificates." Energy Policy 117 (June 2018): 370–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.03.020.

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39

Hanif, Muhammad Nadim, and Muhammad Naeem Shah. "Tradable and non-tradable inflation in consumer prices in Pakistan1." Statistical Journal of the IAOS 35, no. 3 (2019): 407–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-180473.

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40

Guven, Cahit. "Financial integration: The role of tradable and non-tradable goods." Economic Modelling 53 (February 2016): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2015.12.019.

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41

Amador, João, and Ana Cristina Soares. "Markups and bargaining power in tradable and non-tradable sectors." Empirical Economics 53, no. 2 (2016): 669–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00181-016-1143-z.

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42

Yu, Da Jin. "Research on Tradable Emission Permit in Agricultural Production." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.218.

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It has a far-reaching impact on agro-ecological environment and socio-economic sustainable development to control pollution in agricultural production. This paper took the pollution of agricultural production as the research object, analyzed the background and functions of tradable emission permit, the conditions of tradable emission permit in agricultural production, and then carried out a numerical analysis. The result indicates the application of tradable emission permit in agricultural production can save the cost of agricultural production and protect the environment effectively. Finally
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43

Frocrain, Philippe, and Pierre-Noël Giraud. "The Evolution of Tradable and Non Tradable Employment: Evidence from France." Economie et Statistique / Economics and Statistics, no. 503d (January 10, 2019): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24187/ecostat.2018.503d.1959.

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44

HWANG, CHUAN-YANG, SHAOJUN ZHANG, and YANJIAN ZHU. "FLOAT, SPECULATION AND STOCK PRICE: EVIDENCE FROM THE SPLIT SHARE STRUCTURE REFORM IN CHINA." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 03 (2018): 701–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590816500260.

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The Split Share Structure Reform in China offers a unique opportunity to test whether the supply of tradable shares (i.e., float) has a significant impact on the degree of speculation. After firms completed the reform, their float increased by 31% on average, while turnover and trading volume also increased substantially. We use information from firms’ reform plan to derive an estimate of the price premium of tradable shares over non-tradable shares before the reform and find that, after controlling for differences in liquidity and profitability, the price premium is significantly related to p
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45

Klos, Alexander, and Martin Weber. "Portfolio Choice in the Presence of Non-Tradable Income: An Experimental Analysis." German Economic Review 7, no. 4 (2006): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2006.00128.x.

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Abstract This paper reports the results of an experiment on portfolio choice in the presence of non-tradable income. The non-tradable income part could either be riskless or risky (background risk). In many cases, we observe behavior that is qualitatively consistent with the predictions of normative theory. However, correlations between financial and non-tradable wealth are neglected. The computation of aggregated risk profiles helps subjects to partly overcome the deviations from normative theory due to neglect of correlations.
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46

Gao, Ge, and Jun Hu. "Optimal Tradable Credits Scheme and Congestion Pricing with the Efficiency Analysis to Congestion." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/801979.

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We allow for three traffic scenarios: the tradable credits scheme, congestion pricing, and no traffic measure. The utility functions of different modes (car, bus, and bicycle) are developed by considering the income’s impact on travelers’ behaviors. Their purpose is to analyze the demand distribution of different modes. A social optimization model is built aiming at maximizing the social welfare. The optimal tradable credits scheme (distribution of credits, credits charging, and the credit price), congestion pricing fees, bus frequency, and bus fare are obtained by solving the model. Mode choi
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47

Moon, Soojae. "The “Backus-Smith” puzzle, non-tradable output, and international business cycles." Studies in Economics and Finance 33, no. 4 (2016): 532–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-01-2015-0033.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the effects of adding non-tradable sector and trade in intermediate goods sector and their impact on the “Backus-Smith” (BS) puzzle and the features of the non-tradable output. Conventional international real business cycle models show that the real exchange rate and the terms of trade are positively correlated to the relative consumption movement between the home and foreign economies when there is a total factor productivity shock, whereas the correlation in the data is negative. The author develops a two-country, dynamic, stochastic and general equilibrium
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48

Agarwal, Sudhir, Steffen Lamparter, and Rudi Studer. "Making Web services tradable." Journal of Web Semantics 7, no. 1 (2009): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.websem.2008.02.001.

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49

Akyol, Metin, Michael Neugart, and Stefan Pichler. "A tradable employment quota." Labour Economics 36 (October 2015): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2015.08.001.

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50

Peha, Jon M. "Tradable universal service obligations." Telecommunications Policy 23, no. 5 (1999): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-5961(99)00019-1.

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