Academic literature on the topic 'Trade by barter'

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Journal articles on the topic "Trade by barter"

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Tvrdoň, Oldřich, and Radmila Presová. "Barter trade operations in the EU intracommunity area." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 55, no. 6 (2007): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200755060187.

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The article deals with trading possibilities through the barter trade companies which are widely spread especially in USA and Wester Europe. It shows the essence of commercial and cooperative companies engaged in barter-trading business. It also introduces the International Reciprocal Trade Assiciation worldwide company (IRTA). Shows results of czech barter company LQA, ltd., which trades requisitions and other goods by jointing demands since 2000. By the help of balance sheet method it reproaches values of offered and demanded requisitions in 2007.
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Pañares, Zosima A., and Agnes C. Sequiño. "The dynamics of barter trade among Cebuano farmers." University of the Visayas - Journal of Research 7, no. 1 (2013): 195–206. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1683034.

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Barter is an old process of doing business in the olden times without the use of money. It is surprising to note that, during this age of technology and borderless commercialization, barter is still useful and is even used with technology. The study aimed to document the barter system used by Cebuano farmers to find out if this business process is still profitable. Moreover, both the economic and social implications are recorded in relation to Filipino culture. The findings revealed three types of barter: (1) goods with goods; (2) goods with service; and (3) extended barter system. Moreover, t
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Exe Christoffersen, Erik. "Byttehandel i Grønland." Peripeti 19 (October 11, 2022): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/peri.v19isaernummer2.134032.

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Barter trade in GreenlandThis essay addresses the principles of Odin Teatret’s ‘barter trade’ used for a project in Greenland from 2021 to 2024. It is an artistic device which Odin Teatret has used since 1974. Barter trade breaks down traditional conventions of theatre usually taking place outside theater institutions and doesn’t make use of narrative dramaturgy. During the barter trade the performers “exchanges” their own material with the audience and facilitate a process of response between players and audience when performing songs, dances and/or scenes. The method can be described in term
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Aralas, Sarma Binti, Mohd Alliff Anwar Bin Abu Bakar, and Jennifer Chan Kim Lian. "THE EFFECTS OF BARTER TRADE SUSPENSION IN SABAH." Journal of BIMP-EAGA Regional Development 3, no. 2 (2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/jbimpeagard.v3i2.1037.

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The recent suspension of barter trade in Sabah, Malaysia, has caused losses in business revenues amounting to millions of ringgit and the loss of employment of hundreds of workers in the industry. We conducted a survey to quantify the impact of the barter trade suspension in major barter trade locations which included Tawau, Sandakan, and Lahad Datu, major cities in Sabah that are considered the hubs of barter trading in the state. Our survey findings show that the losses of direct income to traders due to the suspension range between RM1,680,000 - RM3,750,000 for eight traders in the survey s
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Gunn, Ezekiel Ovuokerie, and Clement Ebizimor Deinne. "Distance Constraints and the Re-Emergence of Trade by Barter during COVID-19 Pandemic in Three Coastal Communities of Bayelsa State, Nigeria." European Modern Studies Journal 7, no. 2 (2023): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.59573/emsj.7(2).2023.02.

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Physical distance constraints and the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to have introduced uncertainties, affecting people's lives and livelihoods and disrupting food production, demand, and supply chains. This study examines the influence of distance constraints and the emergence of trade by barter at the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in spatially isolated coastal communities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A participatory survey research design was adopted in which three barter trade locations of Foropagha, Lobia and Ukubie communities were purposively selected due to the practice of trade by barter dur
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ஷா., முஹம்மது அஸ்ரின் /. S. Mohamed Azrin. "பழந்தமிழ் நாட்டில் பண்டமாற்று முறை வணிகம் / Barter System of Trade in Ancient Tamil Nadu". IJTLLS 6, № 1 (2023): 163–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8200181.

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<em>The ancient Tamil people classified the lands where they lived into five categories according to their characteristics and nature. They named the mountain region &#39;Kurinji&#39;, the forest region as &#39;Mullai&#39;, the field region as &#39;Marutham&#39;, the sea region as &#39;Neithal&#39; and the desert region as &#39;Palai&#39;. Apart from the desert region, the other four regions are endowed with natural resources to carry out business activities. It can be known through Sangam&#39;s literary songs that the ancient Tamil people have been making use of these natural resources proper
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SHAMIR, GADI, MICHAEL BEN-OR, and DANNY DOLEV. "A SAFE AND SCALABLE PAYMENT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TRADE OF ELECTRONIC CONTENT." International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems 07, no. 04 (1998): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218843098000167.

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BARTER (a Backbone ARchitecture for Trade of ElectRonic content) is a payment infrastructure that facilitates digital content trade over an open network. BARTER is designed to operate over a large-scale, global and heterogeneous communication network. The BARTER protocols address two vital requirements, neglected from existing electronic commerce systems: scalability and transactional efficiency. These protocols possess strong properties such as delivery atomicity, agreement validation and the ability to resolve several classes of disputes. BARTER's novelty is twofold: First, BARTER servers ar
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ROVENSKY, YU A. "BARTER TRANSACTIONS IN THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES UNDER SANCTIONS." Economic Problems and Legal Practice 20, no. 4 (2024): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2541-8025-2024-20-4-243-250.

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The article examines the reasons for the return to barter transactions in the context of the application of economic sanctions to business operations in modern Russia, concerning difficulties with settlements in national currencies, difficulties with logistics and others. The results of the analysis of publications on the topic of barter transactions in difficult economic conditions are presented, which showed the ambiguity of scientists' opinions regarding barter transactions: some believe that this situation is associated with a shortage of funds and high inflation, others with non-payments
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IHNATENKO, Tetiana, and Oleksandra ZAKREVSKA. "Accounting of barter operations of foreign economic activity of enterprises." Economics. Finances. Law 12/2023, no. - (2023): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.12.10.

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The paper analyzes the norms and laws of exchange of goods in the international trade of Ukraine under barter agreements. Barter operations mean operations during which business entities exchange a certain amount of goods, works, services for an equivalent amount of other goods without the use of monetary payments. Barter transactions usually become popular in countries with unstable economies, where there is a shortage of both domestic and foreign currency. The main reason for using barter agreements in foreign trade is currency problems, such as its scarcity, instability, etc. The difficulti
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Huang, Yangyang, Zhenyang Pi, and Weiguo Fang. "Trade Credit with Barter in a Capital-Constrained Supply Chain." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (2021): 11361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011361.

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Barter has emerged to alleviate capital pressure, maximize the circulation of goods, and facilitate the disposal of excess inventory. This study considers a two-level supply chain consisting of a manufacturer and a capital-constrained retailer with trade credit, in which the retailer exchanges unsold products for needed subsidiary products on a barter platform. The retailer’s optimal order quantity and the manufacturer’s wholesale price are derived, and the influences of barter and other factors on the equilibrium strategy and performance of the supply chain are examined; these results are ver
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade by barter"

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Naidoo, Chalandra A. "Commercial barter as a trade instrument between small to medium businesses in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97412.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South African businesses might be missing out on the benefits of commercial barter trading, which has seen considerable adoption in other parts of the world. Commercial barter is the non-monetary exchange of products and services between organisations specifically from the small to medium business sector. The research aim was to unpack and understand the level of awareness, engagement and perceptions of commercial barter in order to assess the viability, scope and scale of commercial barter as a trade instrument across small to
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Montoya, Ján André. "An Analysis of the BizX Commercial Trade Exchange: the Attitudes and Motivations Behind Its Use." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4488.

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The Global Financial Crisis underscored both the complexity and brittleness of the global financial system, especially for small to medium enterprises dependent on the current banking regime for credit. More than ever, we have also begun to see the disentanglement of small businesses from traditional banks at the local and regional level in the form of CDFIs, fintech alternative lending, and now complementary currencies. Through interviews with the management and members of the BizX complementary currency this study asks what the attitudes and motivations are behind its offering and use. In ad
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Smith, Esther Jane. "The biogeochemical behaviour of trace-metals in seasonally anoxic lake." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266804.

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Mboyi, Moukanda Laure Cynthia. "La pratique des échanges commerciaux dans la société précoloniale du Gabon : XVIe-[XIXe] siècles." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984318.

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Cette thèse porte sur la pratique des échanges et du commerce dans la société précoloniale du Gabon. L'enjeu est d'étudier cette pratique en privilégiant un angle d'approche général au départ, et en mettant en œuvre une démarche analytique progressive, afin de saisir les acteurs, les modes de production mais également les produits faisant l'objet de ces échanges. L'objet " La pratique des échanges commerciaux dans la société précoloniale du Gabon : XVIe-XIXe siècle " se situe à la croisée des relations internationales, de l'analyse des contacts avec les peuples de " l'extérieur ", de processus
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Oliver, Portia. "Issues in barter trade in the media industry." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/4935.

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M.Comm.<br>Barter trade, the oldest form of exchange, is resurging in the 21st century. The traditional association of barter trade with undeveloped economies and economies in crisis has changed. Businesses and countries are realising the mutual benefits that can be derived from exchanging goods/services directly. The advent of the Internet and advances in information technology has transformed barter trade into a strategic business tool. Barter trade is especially prevalent in the media industry owing to the ‘perishable’ nature of media inventory. Studies in developed countries have researche
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Ronen, Eyal. "Policy Implications of Non-Tariff Measures on International Trade." Doctoral thesis, 2017. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/2373.

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W ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad handel międzynarodowy gwałtownie wzrósł. Towarzyszyła temu jednoczesna znaczna redukcja ochrony celnej w większości krajów. Redukcja taryf celnych została osiągnięta w wyniku kolejnych rund wielostronnych negocjacji handlowych lub przez ustanowienie preferencyjnych porozumień handlowych (PTA), a czasami przez jednostronną liberalizację handlu. Badania empiryczne wskazują również na jednoczesną do redukcji ceł rosnącą tendencję stosowania środków pozataryfowych (NTM) w handlu. Środki te mogą częściowo hamować wzrost handlu osiągnięty przez niższe cła. środków pozat
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Matuszczak, Łukasz. "Analiza wymiany usługami w świetle współczesnej teorii handlu." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/3498.

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Poniższa rozprawa doktorska podejmuje próbę wypełnienia luki w badaniach empirycznych na temat firm eksportujących usługi w Polsce. Celem głównym mojej rozprawy jest identyfikacja determinant eksportu usług przy użyciu Nowych Nowych Teorii Handlu Międzynarodowego (NNTH).
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Books on the topic "Trade by barter"

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Hoffman, Karen S. The art of barter: How to trade for almost anything. Skyhorse Pub., 2010.

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1940-, Mirus Rolf, and Yeung Bernard 1953-, eds. The economics of barter and countertrade. Edward Elgar, 2001.

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ill, Morgan-Vanroyen Mary 1957, ed. Let's trade. Viking Kestrel, 1989.

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Éva, Törzsök. Nemzetközi cserekereskedelem: Üzlet pénz nélkül? Közgazdasági és Jogi Könyvkiadó, 1987.

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Tom, Chmielewski, ed. The complete idiot's guide to barter and trade exchange. Penguin group, 2009.

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Yiwu cong shu bian zuan wei yuan hui, ed. Yiwu qiao tang bang: Kou shu fang tan yu li shi diao cha. Shanghai ren min chu ban she, 2012.

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S, Magdanz James, and Alaska. Dept. of Fish and Game. Division of Subsistence., eds. Customary trade and barter in fish in the Seward Peninsula area, Alaska. Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game, Division of Subsistence, 2007.

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Coluccia, Paolo. La cultura della reciprocità: I sistemi di scambio locale non monetari : LETS, SEL, BdT, Tauschring, Red de Trueque ecc. Arianna, 2002.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Role of barter and countertrade in the world market: Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, November 5, 1991. U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Loewen, Nancy. Let's trade: A book about bartering. Picture Window Books, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trade by barter"

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Nash, D. "Barter: The Misunderstood Alternative." In Trade in Transit. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7735-9_16.

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Ezzamel, Mahmoud. "Barter, money and private trade." In The Economy of Ancient Egypt. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003429012-15.

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Bernardi, Philippe. "Prolusione." In Datini Studies in Economic History. Firenze University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0347-0.03.

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The rejection of barter outside of monetised exchanges goes hand in hand with an apprehension of this practice as a ‘primitive’ mode of exchange, and proclaims the 'modernity of money'. At the heart of monetary economies, however, payment in kind coexists with other forms of exchange, such as gifts, exchange, credit, formalised trade and the monetised exchange of goods. The aim of this prolusion is to show that anthropology's re-reading of the practices of barter, exchange and payment in kind provides conceptual tools that enable historians to take stock of the spread and importance of these e
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Shamir, Gadi, Michael Ben-Or, and Danny Dolev. "Barter: A backbone architecture for trade of electronic content." In Trends in Distributed Systems for Electronic Commerce. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0053402.

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Huldén, Niklas. "Gifts, Feasts, and the Surplus of Friendship: Practices in a Remembered Economy of Petty Trading." In Encounters and Practices of Petty Trade in Northern Europe, 1820–1960. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98080-1_6.

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AbstractThe long tradition of barter trade between peasants, fishermen, and other inhabitants of Estonia and Finland established encounters over the Gulf of Finland. The petty trade was mutually beneficial as the parties could switch-trade their surplus means, exporting mainly salted herring from Finland and receiving grain products, mainly rye, from Estonia. The trade depended strongly on developing personal acquaintanceship with traders from the other side of the gulf. These formed a sort of partnership called sepra that could last for a season or even for years and decades. This chapter con
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Weber, Klaus. "Injection: Atlantic Slavery and Commodity Chains." In The Palgrave Handbook of Global Slavery throughout History. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13260-5_23.

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AbstractSouth Asia, and Central and Eastern Europe were more closely involved with slavery in the Americas than is commonly assumed. Lower costs for labor, raw materials, and solid fuel gave specific regions a competitive edge in the production of commodities used in the barter trade for slaves from West Africa, as well as in provisioning New World plantations. Ironware from the Rhineland; copper and iron from Sweden; Bohemian glassware; and especially Indian cottons and German linen, all contributed to lowering costs in the acquisition of slaves and in the maintenance of plantations. The purc
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Wassholm, Johanna, and Anna Sundelin. "Rag Collectors: Mobility and Barter in a Circular Flow of Goods." In Encounters and Practices of Petty Trade in Northern Europe, 1820–1960. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98080-1_4.

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AbstractThis chapter traces a forgotten, yet important itinerant means of livelihood, namely rag collecting. Rags played an essential role as raw material for the paper and textile industries in the nineteenth century. The chapter identifies a business logic based on the idea that material perceived by one individual as worthless could be turned into something of economic value. As rags were commodified, they acquired new value in a different context. By analyzing newspapers, periodical articles and responses to ethnographic questionnaires, the authors follow a group of rag collectors from the
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Goldberg, Walter M. "Import, Barter and Trade, and the Natural Resources of the Pacific Islands." In The Geography, Nature and History of the Tropical Pacific and its Islands. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69532-7_4.

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Pandit, Y. S. "Adjustment of the Balance of Payment and the Barter Terms of Trade." In India's Balance of Indebtedness. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003643210-13.

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Vos, Jelmer. "Of Stocks and Barter: John Holt and the Kongo Rubber Trade, 1906–1910." In Global Histories, Imperial Commodities, Local Interactions. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137283603_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trade by barter"

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de Sola, David. "Are You Ready to Pursue Today’S Greatest Market Opportunity in the Coatings Industry? Millions of Square Feet of Commercial Walls Need Air Barriers. What Do You Need to Know to Be a Part of This Emerging Market?" In SSPC 2016 Greencoat. SSPC, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2016-00016.

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Abstract This paper will address both existing and new air barrier technology. Manufacturers, engineers, architects, trade professionals, and testing agencies will learn essential features of this emerging industry. Manufacturers will learn about the material properties and product performance requirements of air barrier coatings. Engineers and architects will learn basic building science principals required to create an air barrier utilizing coatings. We will present testing methods used to measure compliance with specifications and codes. Addressing the background and history of the air barr
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Hikov, Atanas, Zlatka Milakovska, Valentina Lyubomirova Lyubomirova, and Nadezhda Lihareva. "CRITICAL ELEMENTS IN SEQUENTIAL LEACHED PHASES FROM DEEP-SEA POLYMETALLIC NODULES AND SEDIMENTS." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 24. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/1.1/s01.05.

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The deep-sea metalliferous sediments and Fe-Mn polymetallic nodules formed in modern environment at the deep-sea ocean floor (&gt; 4000 m depth) were evaluated as promising new raw materials, especially for critical elements as Li, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and rare earth elements (REE). We use � selective sequential leaching procedure to study the distribution of main and trace elements in sequential leached phases from deep-sea polymetallic nodules and sediments from the eastern part of the Clarion-Clipperton fractures zone, NE Pacific. Results show extraction of Mn in the leach 2 in both nodules and
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Qian, Jianlei, and Napat Harnpornchai. "Online Barter Trade Model Based on Traceability by Blockchain Technology." In 2024 IEEE 4th International Conference on Electronic Communications, Internet of Things and Big Data (ICEIB). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceib61477.2024.10602688.

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Liang, Hui, and Wei Zhang. "A Barter and Combinatorial Auction Based Hierarchical Resource Trade Mechanism for Cybertwin Network." In 2020 3rd International Conference on Hot Information-Centric Networking (HotICN). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hoticn50779.2020.9350841.

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Hışırlı, Serhat, Zeynep Karaçor, and Emine Fırat. "Globalization, Road and Belt Project and Expected Results." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c14.02653.

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One of the most important occupations for human beings since the day they existed has been to provide the necessary nutrients to sustain their life. As time progressed in this production activity, with the increase in division of labor and specialization, with the development of barter economy and trade, the importance of trade routes increased. One of the most important of trade routes is the 'Silk Road'. Today it wants to be revived and carried forward mainly by rail. There are 69 countries and international organizations that started to be mentioned in 2013 under the leadership of China and
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Hoefler, T., T. Mehlan, F. Mietke, and W. Rehm. "Fast barrier synchronization for InfiniBand/spl trade/." In Proceedings 20th IEEE International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2006.1639561.

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Houming, Fan, Zhao Tong, and Zhang Bin. "Modeling Green Barrier of International Marine Services Trade." In 2007 International Conference on Service Systems and Service Management. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsssm.2007.4280294.

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Lou, Yuan, Chunmiao Zhao, Liying Wang, and Lingxiang Cai. "The Combo Effect of Trade Barrier Prohibition and Intellectual Property Protection on Export Trade Structure." In 2023 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/picmet59654.2023.10216874.

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Xue, Xuandeng. "Analysis of the Influences and Countermeasures of Green Trade Barrier on Export Trade of Chinese Agricultural Products." In 2010 International Conference on E-Product E-Service and E-Entertainment (ICEEE 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2010.5660611.

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Zhao, Yu, Miaomiao Yang, and Chunjie Qi. "Recognition of Trade Barrier Based on General RBF Neural Network." In 2009 International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology (ICCET). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccet.2009.25.

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Reports on the topic "Trade by barter"

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Hummels, David, and Georg Schaur. Time as a Trade Barrier. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17758.

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Hummels, David. Time as a Trade Barrier. GTAP Working Paper, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp18.

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International trade occurs in physical space and moving goods requires time. This paper examines the importance of time as a trade barrier, estimates the magnitude of time costs, and relates these to patterns of trade and the international organization of production. Estimates indicate that each additional day spent in transport reduces the probability that the US will source from that country by 1 – 1.5 percent. Conditional on exporting country, estimates directly identify a willingness-to-pay for time savings using variation across exporters and commodities in the relative price / speed trad
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Spencer, Barbara, and Larry Qiu. Keiretsu and Relationship-Specific Investment: A Barrier to Trade? National Bureau of Economic Research, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7572.

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Octania, Galuh, and Muhammad Biru. International Trade Barrier Index 2019: The Health and Price Effects of Indonesia's Trade Restrictions on Rice. Center for Indonesian Policy Studies, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35497/291241.

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Hummels, David. Toward a Geography of Trade Costs. GTAP Working Paper, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp17.

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What are the barriers that separate nations? While recent work provides intriguing clues, we have remarkably little concrete evidence as to the nature, size, and shape of barriers. This paper offers direct and indirect evidence on trade barriers, moving us toward a comprehensive geography of trade costs. There are three main contributions. One, we provide detailed data on freight rates for a number of importers. Rates vary substantially over exporters, and aggregate expenditures on freight are at the low end of the observed range. This suggests import choices are made so as to minimize transpo
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Trachtenberg, Danielle. Tax Barriers to Services Imports in Latin America and the Caribbean: The Case of IT Services. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004511.

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This document uses responses from a questionnaire to examine whether tax policy is a barrier to information technology (IT) services imports in Latin America and the Caribbean. The responses show that existing policies do not create a level playing field in the upfront tax burdens paid on transactions, although whether domestic or imported IT services face lower burdens varies by country. The responses also underline that the issue of taxation of services is primarily taken up in double taxation treaties rather than preferential trade agreements, suggesting that trade agreements do not ensure
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West, Chris, Rhian Ebrey, Joe Simpson, et al. Report on preliminary impact and policy insights from model and sectoral case study analysis: trade-linked cross-border impacts. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc025.

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Trade-linked cross-border climate impacts have the potential to severely disrupt the European economy. Yet, the research landscape that surrounds these potential impacts remains in a relatively nascent stage. Importantly, whilst quantitative approaches can be applied in isolation to develop our understanding of cascading cross-border impacts, these should ideally be supplemented by the broader development of knowledge as to how initial climate triggers might evolve via trade systems, might interact with the actions and activities of supply chain actors, and how the wider policy landscape might
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Dare, S. A. S., D. E. Ames, P. C. Lightfoot, S.-J. Barnes, and G. Beaudoin. Trace elements in Fe-oxide minerals from fertile and barren igneous complexes: investigating their use as a vectoring tool for Ni-Cu-PGE sulphide mineralization. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/296688.

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Micco, Alejandro, and Natalia Pérez. Determinants of Maritime Transport Costs. Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011324.

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Recent literature has emphasized the importance of transport costs and infrastructure in explaining trade, access to markets, and increases in per capita income. For most Latin American countries, transport costs are a greater barrier to U.S. markets than import tariffs. The authors investigate the determinants of shipping costs to the U.S. with a large database of more than 300,000 observations per year on shipments of products at the six-digit HS level from different ports around the world. In addition, the authors find that efficiency of ports is an important determinant of shipping costs.
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Jander, Georg, and Daniel Chamovitz. Investigation of growth regulation by maize benzoxazinoid breakdown products. United States Department of Agriculture, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600031.bard.

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Introduction Previous research had suggested that benzoxazinoids, a class of defensive metabolites found in maize, wheat, rye, and wild barley, are not only direct insect deterrents, but also influence other areas of plant metabolism. In particular, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxa- zin-3(4H)- one (DIMBOA) was implicated in: (i) altering plant growth by interfering with auxin signaling, and (ii) leading to the induction of gene expression changes and secondary plant defense responses. The overall goal of this proposal was to identify mechanisms by which benzoxazinoids i
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