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Journal articles on the topic 'Trade contracts (Collective)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sáenz-Segura, F., R. A. Schipper, D. Miranda, and J. M. Chaves. "Modelling price scenarios for sustainable collective action and farm production: pepper in El Roble settlement, Costa Rica." Journal on Chain and Network Science 15, no. 1 (2015): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2015.x001.

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Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is considered a non-traditional cash crop for enhancing local development in Costa Rica and a suitable activity for small farmers. Trade of pepper has been done by using contractual agreements between producers and processors, which provides at least three functions: insurance, incentives and information. Contracts also require a high level of commitment from contracting parties to keep the equity, efficiency, and sustainability of the trade relationship. The shift of trade conditions from a competitive to a monopsony market encouraged a group of farmers to start an as

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2

Yatskevych, Ivan. "Reforming Legislation on Collective Labour Relations Engaging Trade Union as a Party." NaUKMA Research Papers. Law 6 (February 15, 2021): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2617-2607.2020.6.57-72.

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The paper covers problematic issues of reforming the legislation on collective labour relations with the participating trade union representing the interests and defending the rights of employees, consisting in a workers’ collective, during collective bargaining, concluding a collective agreement, holding a social dialogue on the local level. The article contains an analysis of a draft legislation such as draft laws On Labour, On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine (Regarding Certain Issues of Trade Unions’ Activity), On Amending the Law of Ukraine On Collective Agreements and Contrac

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3

Tuckman, Alan, and Christopher Finnerty. "Individual contracts, collective bargaining and trade unionism: a case for the union voice." Personnel Review 27, no. 6 (1998): 448–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00483489810238895.

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Aleinieh, Tarek Kadour, and Laura Zoboli. "Increasing standardization for smart(er) contracts." Uniform Law Review 26, no. 3 (2021): 583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ulr/unab022.

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Abstract Legal standardization traditionally played an important role in contractual relations. With technological and commercial development and expansion of trade from the individual and collective levels to internationalization, it became necessary to create a set of standards to keep pace with this development and facilitate the contractual process. Although smart contracts are considered a leap in the contractual relationship, it cannot be overlooked that these contracts share many characteristics with traditional contracts. To gain a greater position in the global market, smart contracts

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5

Melnychuk, N. "PECULIARITIES OF TERMINATION OF LABOR CONTRACT WITH THE LEADER OF LEGAL ENTITY ON REQUEST OF ELECTIVE BODY OF PRIMARY TRADE UNION ORGANIZATION." Social Law, no. 2 (April 27, 2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.37440/soclaw.2019.02.09.

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The article discusses some aspects of the process of termination of the employment contract with the head of the enterprise, institution or organization at the request of the elected body of primary trade union organization (trade union representative). It is noted that the requirement to terminate the employment contract with the director does not terminate employment contract by itself, but obliges the employer to terminate it. Carried out the analysis of the distinctive features of the consideration of the proposal of the trade union body regarding the termination of the employment contract

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Giulia, Giulia, and Giovanni Orlandini. "THE ITALIAN WAY TO INTERNAL DEVALUATION AND SOCIAL ACTORS’ STRATEGIES AGAINST AUSTERITY AND THE FLEXIBILIZATION OF THE LABOUR MARKET." Revista Direito das Relações Sociais e Trabalhistas 4, no. 2 (2019): 129–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/mestradodireito.v4i2.159.

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Introduction: the Italian way to internal devaluation; 1.a Precarization of labour and weakening of trade union action at company level (amendment of dismissal law); 1.b Circumvention of the CCNL by means of exceptional employment contracts; 1.c Downward competition on labour costs by means of outsourcing and value chains; 1.d Promotion of decentralized collective bargaining and its power to derogate from the law and freezing of collective bargaining in the public sector; 2. The trade union(s) strategies; 2.a Bargaining strategy; 2.b Judicial strategy; 2.c Confrontational strategy; 3. New chal

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7

Brigden, Cathy. "Unions and Collective Bargaining in 2009." Journal of Industrial Relations 52, no. 3 (2010): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185610365634.

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With the global financial crisis posing an ongoing threat to job security, more positive experiences of trade unions were often overshadowed in 2009. The passage and commencement of the Fair Work Act finally brought Work Choices to an end, or so it seemed until leadership change in the federal Liberal Party revived debate over individual contracts at the end of the year. The still difficult relationship between the unions and the Rudd federal government was in evidence throughout the year, and was underlined at the ACTU Congress. The return of Telstra and the major banks to the bargaining tabl

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Duraj, Tomasz. "Powers of Trade Union Activists Engaged in Self-Employment – Assessment of Polish Legislation." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 95 (March 30, 2021): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.95.08.

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The objective of the foregoing article is an analysis of the rights which the Polish legislature granted to self-employed trade union activists after the extension of coalition rights to these persons. In this regard, the trade union law extended to self-employed persons working as sole traders protection, which until 2019 was reserved exclusively for employees. Pursuant to the amendment of July 5, 2018, self-employed trade union activists were granted – based on international standards – the right to non-discrimination on the basis of performing a trade union function, the right to paid leave

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Hepple, Bob. "Labour Law in an Era of Globalisation. Edited by Joanne Conaghan, Richard Michael Fischl, and Karl Klare. [Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. xxxii, 534 and (Index) 12pp. Hardback. £60. ISBN 0–19–924247–X.]." Cambridge Law Journal 61, no. 3 (2002): 715–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197302281787.

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The conception of Labour law as a distinctive branch of legal studies was a product of the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century. The underlying theories (such as British collective laissez faire and US industrial pluralism) and the categories of legal thinking (such as “employee” and “contract of employment”) were shaped in industrialised nation states where the typical subjects of the law were Fordist manufacturing companies employing full-time male workers in life-time jobs on standardised contracts often regulated by collective agreements with trade unions. That “classic

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10

Shantharam. "EVOLUTION OF TRADE UNION IN INDIAN ECONOMY- A CRITICAL ANALYSIS." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 6, S2 (2019): 229–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2580693.

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<em>A labor union or trade union is a kind of voluntary organization formed by workers through collective action. Such type of organization have bonded together to achieve common goal in key areas like wages, duty hours, and working condition forming a cartel of labors. It also plays an important role to promote employee to improve their working condition, service and protecting their interest and maintaining industrial relations. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labor contracts with employers. Industrial relations ar

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11

Harbridge, Raymond, and Kevin Hince. "Bargaining and Worker Representation under New Zealand's Employment Contracts Legislation : A Review After Two Years." Articles 49, no. 3 (2005): 576–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050960ar.

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This paper examines the significant shift in the central philosophic and léegislative base of labour relations in New Zealand since the adoption of the Labour Relations Act in 1987 and the Employment Contracts Act in 1991. It reports two empirical studies. The first examines the collective bargaining System. The second study reports the structure and membership of trade unions in New Zealand in this new environment.

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MIRONOVA, SVETLANA, and ZOYA LITVINENKO. "TRADE UNIONS FOR THE SELF-EMPLOYED AND PLATFORM WORKERS: EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES." LEGAL BULLETIN 4, no. 8 (2023): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11190290.

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In the context of the gig economy, platform economy, digitalization of all processes, the structure of employment is changing and the forms of labor relations are changing, nonstandard forms of employment are emerging, and instead of concluding employment contracts with employees, companies prefer to enter into civil contracts. Forms of employment such as self-employment and platform employment are emerging. The position of such workers is less protected in terms of their rights and the guarantees provided to them. There is a need to ensure the rights of workers employed in self-employment or

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Xia, Liang-jie, and Hua-wei Zhi. "Ananlysis of Carbon Emission Reduction and Power Dominance between Single Manufacturer and Single Retailer in Regulatory Cap and Trade System." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/523451.

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In the cap and trade system, the paper analyses the Stackelberg game between the power asymmetrical retailer and manufacturer and designs a side-payment self-enforcing contract to resolve some arguments that the existing research overemphasizes spontaneity of participation in side-payment contracts design based on supply chain coordination and does not consider rationality and fairness of allocation of profit increment. Also, the numerical analysis was given. The research shows some important conclusions: in the supply chain, the dominant manufacturer is not able to encourage the retailer to i

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Nurgaliyeva, Yenlik N., and Xeniya B. Olzhabayeva. "Protection of labor rights of medical workers by trade unions in the Republic of Kazakhstan." Russian Journal of Labour & Law 14 (2024): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu32.2024.119.

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The article covers the practical activities of a number of Kazakhstani sectoral trade unions of healthcare workers to protect the social and labor rights of medical workers. Once the activities of these trade unions were studies, the authors drew attention that in recent years they are guided by international standards, conclude contracts for implementation of various projects with the International Labor Organization, which not only determines ways to build the potential of trade unions and stimulate social dialogue in the field of health, but also shows shortcomings in the activities of trad

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15

D.O., Dmytrenko. "Characteristics of the Scandinavian model of legal regulation of labor relations (on the example of Iceland)." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, no. 65 (October 25, 2021): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.65.29.

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This article considers scandinavian legal regulation of labor relation on the example of Iceland. The author analysed the basic laws governing labor relations, and concluded that Icelandic labor law works in conjunction with collective agreements. The rules and conditions of collective agreement are more adapted to specific types of organisations, unlike legislation rules of which applies to all types of organisations. Collective agreements are binding for all parties to the agreement, regardless of whether they are organizations or individuals. The responsibility for the company lie with empl

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Lanyasunya, Andrew Ropilo. "The nature of employment contracts and the kind of benefits that are enjoyed by security guards from Samburu community working in Nairobi." Editon Consortium Journal of Business and Management Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51317/ecjbms.v4i1.439.

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This study established the nature of employment contracts and the kind of benefits that are enjoyed by security guards from the Samburu community working in Nairobi. The study adopted a survey design, and data was collected through questionnaires, which were applied to 200 security guards who had been randomly selected from 5 administrative clusters in Nairobi. The findings indicated that security guards were not properly contracted with the right documentation, did not enjoy social security benefits, lacked information about trade unions, and were not enjoying their right to collective bargai

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Banks, Robert F. "The Reform of British Industrial Relations : The Donovan Report and the Labour Government’s Policy Proposals." Relations industrielles 24, no. 2 (2005): 333–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/028022ar.

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Against a background of recurrent economic crisis in the 1960s pressures have developed to reform Britain's traditional industrial relations system. During the last two years the report of The Royal Commission on Trade Unions and Employers' Associations and a subsequent Labour Government White Paper included significant recommandations which are likely to change the character of the traditional system. Nevertheless both documents support an essentially voluntary approach to the reform of collective bargaining and reject the transformation of collective agreements into legally binding contracts

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18

Galvão, Andréia, Bárbara Castro, José Dari Krein, and Marilane Oliveira Teixeira. "REFORMA TRABALHISTA: precarização do trabalho e os desafios para o sindicalismo." Caderno CRH 32, no. 86 (2019): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v32i86.30691.

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<p><span>O artigo se propõe a identificar os impactos iniciais da reforma trabalhista sobre o sindicalismo em um contexto desfavorável aos trabalhadores e à ação coletiva, dado o crescimento da precariedade e da informalidade no mercado de trabalho. A análise trata da reconfiguração das classes trabalhadoras e da fragmentação sindical, bem como dos impactos da reforma sobre as estratégias e ações sindicais e sobre as negociações coletivas. A metodologia combinou pesquisas quantitativas sobre mercado de trabalho com análise documental (instrumentos normativos, matérias de imprensa c

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19

Collins, Hugh. "The right to fair pay and two paradigms of prison work." European Labour Law Journal 15, no. 3 (2024): 445–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20319525241263175.

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Is the low level of wages paid to prisoners for their work morally wrong and contrary to the human right to fair pay? This article contrasts two paradigms of prison work, one in which it is an ordinary market transaction to which normal employment rights should apply, with the rival and dominant paradigm that prisoners do not have contracts for the performance of work and sums paid to them are not pay or remuneration but rather a small incentive to perform work in a diligent way. The article also considers what would be required for prisoners’ pay to comply with the human right to fair pay, wh

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20

Putintseva, Maria. "PREDICTIVE POWER OF INFORMATION MARKET PRICES." Journal of Prediction Markets 5, no. 2 (2012): 44–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/jpm.v5i2.489.

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Prediction (or information) markets are markets where participants trade contracts whose payoff depends on unknown future events. Studying prediction markets allows to avoid many problems, which arise in some artificially designed behavioral experiments investigating collective decision making or individual's belief formation. This work is aimed, first, to verify whether predictions made by prices of binary options traded in information markets are reliable and whether the prices contain additional information about the future comparing to the information available from the dynamics of underly

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21

Schreiber, Herbert. "Balancing Union and Individual Rights in Israeli Collective Bargaining: Job Security and the Reinstatement of Wrongfully Dismissed Employees." Israel Law Review 29, no. 3 (1995): 459–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700014722.

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This paper will deal with the reinstatement of wrongfully dismissed employees in the Israeli law of collective bargaining. According to the current state of Israeli labor law, this question is connected with many other issues, such as the difference between individual and collective disputes (a problem most exhaustively developed in the law of strikes), the ability of an individual employee to enforce rights deriving from a collective agreement and the application of the regular contracts remedies law to collective agreements. We begin with the collective agreement and its administration.Israe

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22

Yumatova, Elena Aleksandrovna. "Collective agreements as a factor of labor regulation in industry during the NEP period (based on the materials of the Vladimir Province)." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 12 (December 2024): 84–98. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2024.12.72870.

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The subject of the study is the implementation of the policy of collective agreements between trade union organizations and the administration of industrial enterprises in the public and private sectors during the 1920s. The new economic policy – NEP has led to new approaches in the work of not only the economy (agriculture, industry, etc.), but also the areas of work of trade unions. An acute problem arose for discussion – the participation of workers in the management of production. The purpose of the research is to study the regional features, to identify positive and negative indicators in

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Olivieri, Matteo, Maria Andreoli, Daniele Vergamini, and Fabio Bartolini. "Innovative Contract Solutions for the Provision of Agri-Environmental Climatic Public Goods: A Literature Review." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (2021): 6936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126936.

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Lack of public funding and environmental deterioration are promoting the search for innovative mechanisms enabling to boost farmers’ provision of agri-environmental climate public goods. This work aims to contribute to the current debate by highlighting the role of innovative contractual solutions through a systematic review of more than 60 articles. The review analyses the potential of result-based and collective contracts as innovative solutions compared to action-based instruments, which are those currently most used. The design of innovative contracts and other mechanisms, e.g., auction an

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Bogg, Alan, and Tonia Novitz. "The Politics and Law of Trade Union Recognition: Democracy, Human Rights and Pragmatism in the New Zealand and British Context." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 50, no. 2 (2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v50i2.5745.

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In this article, we seek to examine the potential for cross-fertilisation of legal regimes relating to trade union representation of members in collective bargaining. The United Kingdom has moved from an entirely voluntarist model in the 1980s to a statutory regime which facilitates recognition of a trade union following majority support from workers (usually by a ballot). By way of contrast, New Zealand has shifted from a highly regulated award-based model in the 1980s to an "agency" model whereby an employer is required to bargain in good faith with any union representing two or more of the

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Anner, Mark, Matthew Fischer-Daly, and Cirila Quintero Ramírez. "Between labour control and worker empowerment: Authoritarian innovations and democratic reforms in Mexico." Journal of Industrial Relations 66, no. 4 (2024): 578–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00221856241278989.

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This paper analyses authoritarian innovations in the industrial relations arena in Mexico since 2018. Historically, corporatist ties with union elites allowed the government to control labour at the workplace level and resist substantive labour reforms at the national level through ‘ghost unions’ and ‘protection contracts’. Since the election of Andrés Manuel López Obrador of the left-oriented MORENA party, the government has implemented labour reforms and a reformed trade and investment treaty with the US and Canada that includes stronger labour provisions. These changes opened new possibilit

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Savka, K. M., A. V. Leta, and M. V. Bielova. "Features of labour relations in the gig economy: current challenges and prospects." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 1, 2025): 317–21. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.01.50.

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The article presents the results of an analysis of the changes that have taken place in the gig economy sector under the influence of digitalisation, in particular, in terms of regulation of labour relations. The author substantiates the idea that the definition of gig economy can be interpreted as a new type of labour organisation, the main field of activity of which is various digital platforms along with mobile applications. The modern transformational model of the gig economy has accumulated the development of short-term labour contracts, which have essentially become an alternative to lon

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Rivera, Ted, and Dave Foderick. "Ostrom’s Razor: Using Bitcoin to Cut Fraud in Hollywood Accounting." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 17, no. 4 (2024): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm17040139.

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The accounting principles prevalent in Hollywood are seemingly crafted to mislead creators and investors. Film studios and streaming platforms have been found to use complex strategies to annually divert millions in net profits. Many contracts include audit clauses, but the cost of auditing a billion-dollar system is prohibitive for most creatives with “net profit” deals. However, a resourceful minority have recovered billions in profits and damages. We suggest using Bitcoin’s transparent, immutable ledger to eliminate fraudulent accounting and build trust among profit-seeking filmmakers willi

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Shesteryakova, Irina V., and Igor A. Shesteryakov. "Legal Regulation of Online Platform Employment of Workers in BRICS Countries." Lex Russica 78, no. 5 (2025): 54–67. https://doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2025.222.5.054-067.

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Technology development is one of the signs of today. More and more workers are involved in «nontraditional» forms of employment on Internet platforms, and both the work itself and the search for work are carried out using platforms and artificial intelligence. Today, online platforms form ecosystems that allow you to take into account the interests of both the employee, for example, the selection of work, and the employer, for example, to choose a high-quality employee and develop your own business, organize retraining of employees, etc. Experts from the International Labor Organization rightl

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Tomanek, Artur. "The Right to Strike and Other Forms of Protest of Persons Performing Gainful Employment Under Civil Law." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica 95 (March 30, 2021): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.95.07.

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This article deals with the issue of extending the right to conduct a collective labour dispute to persons performing paid work under civil law contracts, after the entry into force of the Act of 5 July 2018 amending the Act on Trade Unions and Certain Other Acts (Journal of Laws 2018, item 1608). The author considers the question whether and to what extent the right to strike and to take industrial action, provided for in the Act of 23 May 1991 on Resolution of Collective Disputes (consolidated text: Journal of Laws 2020, item 123), extends to civil lawful contractors. The position is present

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Borucki, Alex. "Trans-imperial History in the Making of the Slave Trade to Venezuela, 1526-1811." Itinerario 36, no. 2 (2012): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115312000563.

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The last two decades have witnessed an unprecedented expansion of knowledge about the transatlantic slave trade, both through research on specific sections of this traffic and through the consolidation of datasets into a single online resource: Voyages: The Transatlantic Slave Trade Database (hereafter Voyages Database). This collective project has elucidated in great detail the slave trading routes across the Atlantic and the broad African origins of captives, at least from their ports of embarkation. However, this multi-source database tells us little about the slave trading routes within th

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Gross-Camp, Nicole D., Adrian Martin, Shawn McGuire, Bereket Kebede, and Joseph Munyarukaza. "Payments for ecosystem services in an African protected area: exploring issues of legitimacy, fairness, equity and effectiveness." Oryx 46, no. 1 (2012): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311001372.

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AbstractWe explore the potential for payments for ecosystem services (PES) to reconcile conservation and development goals, using a case study of an experimental PES intervention around the Nyungwe National Park in Rwanda. The scheme involves the purchase of biodiversity conservation services from local communities in four selected locations. Although a portion of the payment is awarded at the household level, it is the collective action of the community that determines the level of the payment. Contracts are negotiated annually and include performance indicators within each participating comm

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Remizovsky, Artem. "Corporate and Self-Organization Culture of Video Game Industry Workers in the Context of Neoliberal Capitalism Crisis (2020–2024): Euro-Atlantic and Ukrainian Specifics." NaUKMA Research Papers. History and Theory of Culture 8 (July 9, 2025): 124–29. https://doi.org/10.18523/2617-8907.2025.8.124-129.

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This article examines corporate culture and worker self-organization in the video game industry during the period from 2020 to 2024, marked by the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s war against Ukraine. Using descriptive-analytical methods, the study draws on case studies from the United States, the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic, and Ukraine, with a particular focus on cultural practices within corporations and among workers.In 2020, the video game industry experienced financial growth, as evidenced by statistical indicators and the release of new hardware. However, this trajectory was disrup

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Shcheglova, Tat’yana K., and Aleksey V. Rykov. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CONSUMERS COOPERATIVE SOCIETY IN PROVISIONING OF COLLECTIVE FARM PEASANTRY OF ALTAI LAND IN THE YEARS OF WORLD WAR II: IN TERMS OF POTTERY AND MANUFACTURE OF WOODEN SOLE BOOTS." Vestnik of Kostroma State University, no. 2 (2020): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-2-115-119.

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The war between Nazi Germany and the USSR caused drastic changes in the Soviet system of distribution of goods. Reorientation of factories on military contracts led to diminishing of the centralised production of goods for consumers in rear areas. As a result, consumers cooperative society started to play an important role. The article considers the problems of consumers cooperative society and local enterprises which were its major suppliers. Through the example of pottery and manufacture of wooden sole boots diffi culties of reorganisation of enterprises in the context of war are revealed. T

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Risfa Izzati, Nabiyla. "Deregulation in Job Creation Law: The Future of Indonesian Labor Law." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 9, no. 2 (2022): 191–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v9n2.a3.

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A new era in Indonesian labor policy has begun with the recent passage of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. The Law modifies dozens of legislations to make business performance easier and strengthen the national investment climate. In doing so, the Law deregulated some key Indonesian labor law policies, reducing previous labor rights formerly governed by Law Number 13 of 2003 on Manpower. The Job Creation Law also seems to increase labor market flexibility. It makes businesses simpler by the provision to hire workers through an outsourcing system or legalizing longer fixed-term contracts,

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Юмашев, Юрий, Yuriy Yumashev, Елена Постникова, and Elena Postnikova. "CONTEMPORARY STATE OF GERMAN COPYRIGHT LAW." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 3, no. 3 (2017): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_593fc343b1df17.24854769.

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This article analyzes the common problems of German copyright law (GCL). The authors begin with the concept of copyright law, emphasizing the personal, absolute and inalienable GCL. It operates on the basis of the so-called “monistic doctrine”, whereby its indivisibility and the creative individuality of the author play a vital role. Then the authors describe the sources of GCL (first of all, the Basic Law of Germany, the German Law on Copyright and Related Rights, the International Convention on Copyright, the Agreement on trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights (trips) co

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Cregan, Christina, Chris Rudd, and Stewart Johnston. "Young People and Trade Union Membership: An International Comparative Study." Economic and Labour Relations Review 3, no. 2 (1992): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469200300209.

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This paper attempts to test the recent British Industrial Relations model of trade union membership by an examination of a survey of early school-leavers in Dunedin, New Zealand which was carried out in October 1989. The findings offer strong support for the model because the same distinct strands of core motivation and remainder attitudes were evident. This demonstrates that the model could be successfully applied in a different institutional, cultural and economic context. The major cross-national differences to emerge were that most Dunedin youngsters intended to join a union; for them, col

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Grigorescu, Adriana, and Arina Mihaela Niculescu Diaconu. "Impact of Flexicurity Policies on the Romanian Labor Market." ECONOMICS 7, no. 1 (2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2019-0003.

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Abstract Along with joining the EU and with the desire to be compatible with the European labor market, flexicurity begins to penetrate gradually the Romanian labor market, becoming a topical concept, an economic and social recovery tool. In the simplest possible way, flexicurity can be defined as the compromise between flexibility and work safety. The flexicurity principle was born as a solution to the European dilemma: how to increase the competitiveness of European enterprises in global competition without sacrificing the European social model. Although a gradual passage is attempted, the t

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Safronov, Alexey. "The CMEA Working Group on Phosphorites and the Search for a Collective Solution to the Problems of Scarce Raw Materials by Socialist Countries in the 1970s." ISTORIYA 13, no. 6 (116) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021880-7.

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The article examines the nature of interaction between the CMEA countries and the reasons for the low efficiency of cooperation through the CMEA on the example of many years of attempts to expand the import of phosphorites from developing countries. Based on the newly introduced archival materials of the working group on phosphorites, the article traces the prerequisites for its emergence, as well as the directions and results of the group&apos;s work in the 1970s. CMEA countries ways of action in this working group can be classified into three models of behavior: collectivist, paternalist

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Doulabi, Behnaz Zandieh. "Examining the "Guarantor" Rule in New Contracts (Insurance)." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 4 (2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i4.2429.

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The extent of transactions, in human societies and the non-monopoly of a particular class or individual, and the emergence of new transactions, protecting the financial rights of individuals and informing them of the obligations and financial responsibilities affected by these transactions, requires laws and regulations. If a correct contract is not a guarantee, its corrupt one is not a guarantee. With the emergence of changes in human society and the expansion of trade and economic relations, new issues arose which undoubtedly had new jurisprudential and legal effects. These new issues are ca

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CBE, Dan Goyder. "The New UK Competition Act: Reform or Revolution?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 2 (1999): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003347.

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One of the most notable changes in the forty years since I left Cambridge at the end of my Law Tripos has been the growth in importance of a number of legal subjects previously either totally unknown, known but disregarded, or of interest only to an enthusiastic minority. Competition law certainly fell into one of these categories, not then being taught as a separate subject or even perhaps referred to by any lecturer, except on occasion in the context of “contracts in restraint of trade”. But now the subject has truly come of age and, like some other important commercial law topics which have

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Selva, Simone. "Domestic Growth and External Equilibrium: The Early Years of Transatlantic Economic Integration." Athens Journal of Business & Economics 10, no. 4 (2024): 287–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajbe.10-4-3.

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This contribution explores the category of international economic interdependence through the case study of the economic mobilisation within each of the infant Atlantic Alliance’s member state economy, as well as the industrial and trade integration that NATO’s multilateral rearmament programs stimulated in the early 1950s. Assuming a definition of economic interdependence as the ratio of transnational flows in capital and consumer goods to domestic growth, this article focuses on the transition from U.S. bilateral assistance programs to the inception of multilateral off-shore procurement prog

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Pratiwi, Fita Dwi. "Legal Guarantees Against Breach of International Trade Contracts Due to Non-Conformity of Goods Details reviewed from the CISG." Jurnal Justiciabelen 5, no. 2 (2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/justiciabelen.v5i2.5023.

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in international contract transactions are currently not a difficult thing, the existence of these various technological advances provides a considerable opportunity and opportunity for the international community to establish cooperative relations between them. The execution of the contract in various ways can certainly cause problems or obstacles, especially in long-term contracts, it can be due to discrepancies in the details of the goods sold, the existence of force majeure circumstances that can result in the contract being unenforceable, or there may be changes in circumstances, such as

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Dosin, Bozhena. "INFORMING THE PARTIES AS A FORM OF SOCIAL DIALOGUE." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Law, no. 75 (November 10, 2022): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vla.2022.75.120.

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The article is devoted to the understanding of the legislative and applied issues of informing as a form of social dialogue in Ukraine. Using the comparative method of researching the legislative norms on information and social dialogue, it is concluded that the general principles for the realization of the right to information and state guarantees in the field of information relations also apply to the legal relations of social dialogue. It is argued that the legislative term «information exchange» does not always meaningfully correspond to the actions that the parties of a social dialogue pe

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Dyastuti, Risqi Mumpuni. "Akibat Hukum Penerapan Prinsip Good Faith Pada Kontrak Investasi Internasional Di Indonesia." Bacarita Law Journal 3, no. 2 (2023): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/bacarita.v3i2.8962.

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International Trade is a hot topic being discussed by the public because of the economic linkages in the progress of recent rapid development. In the international trade contract, there is not only goods trade activity but also service trade including contracts related to investment, finance, construction, transportation activity, and even contracts made in electronic. This research aims to find out and analyze regarding legal consequences of applying the principle of good faith which is only existed when the contract is executed in International Investment Contract in Indonesia. In addition,

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Méndez-González, José Emilio. "Legal Requirements, Essential Compliance of the Entrepreneur." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) 6, no. 7 (2022): 1423–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10867827.

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Legal Requirements, Essential Compliance of the EntrepreneurDr. J. Emilio Méndez-González*, M. A. R. H. Liliana Álvarez-Loya, M. A. R. H. Enrique Guzmán-Nieves, M. F. Omar Almela-SinecioFulltime Teacher in Strategic Management, Administrative Audit, Entrepreneurship and Management in Autonomous University of Chihuahua, México ABSTRACTThe main objective of this investigation is the establishment of the most important points regarding the legal requirements that aBusiness Plan must contain; legal compliance in a business idea goes beyond meeting basic requireme

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Coryka, Widhiatmika, I. Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti. "Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pemilik Kartu Elektronik dalam Transaksi E-Commerceputu." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 2, no. 3 (2021): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.2.3.4131.525-530.

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Electronic contracts are one of the new forms of contracts that get special protection in Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. In general, electronic contracts are very different from ordinary (conventional) forms of contract, therefore it will be very difficult to directly apply the conditions for the occurrence of conventional contracts to this electronic contract (online contract). The purposes of this study are to reveal the validity of electronic contracts in credit card agreements and legal protection for credit card owners in e-commerce transactions.

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Buletsa, Sibilla. "Virtual Assets as an Object of Civil Rights." Central European Academy Law Review 1, no. 1 (2023): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.62733/2023.1.11-22.

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This academic article argues that virtual property should be included in the civil rights catalogue as an intangible element. This study examines the metauniverse’s evolution, virtual property markets, legal regulation in the metauniverse across countries, and the potential to improve national legal frameworks in this domain. The author compared virtual property to tangible property and proposed using blockchain-based smart contracts to resolve metaverse legal concerns. Legal and practical regulations for virtual property transfers are lacking in the legislative realm. The metaverse and other

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Gera, Anton. "The Right to Work in International and National Law in the Time of Globalization." Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 11, no. 1 S1 (2024): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n1s119.

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Work is not a commodity like all other commodities, but it is an emanation of the human person. For this reason, its value is higher than all other things. With the beginning of industrialization, in addition to state measures for the protection and education of work, the workers joining forces in mutual unions have done everything to oppose the inferiority of the labor factor to capital. It should be emphasized that the right to work is not a subjective right that you can claim in court in case of non-realization, but it is a principle that the State through policies must be committed to crea

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Syarifuddin, Syarifuddin, Djaenab, and Nuringsih. "Contracting Balance in Islamic Banking Mudharabah Agreements in Indonesia: Islamic Economic Perspective." BANCO: Jurnal Manajemen dan Perbankan Syariah 6, no. 1 (2024): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35905/banco.v6i1.6660.

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The purpose of this study is to determine the position of mudharabah contracts in fiqh and the practice of mudharabah contracts in Islamic banking in Indonesia in general. The research method used by the author in this research is literature review, data collection through several journals, and several other references, then data analysis uses review analysis using data reduction, systematic and objective. The results of this study reveal that the mudharabah contract is a collaboration between the owner of the funds or investors (shaihb al-mal / rabb al-mal / investors) and the manager of capi

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Schaffhauser, Philippe. "La force de l’héritage. Sociologie du mouvement social des ex-braceros (Travailleurs agricoles mexicains 1942-1964) et ses enjeux." Revista Trace, no. 62 (July 16, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.62.2012.458.

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A lo largo de sus 20 años de existencia, de 1942 a 1964, el programa Bracero se tradujo en la firma de 4 646 199 contratos de trabajo e involucró a cerca de 1.5 millones de trabajadores; los que inicialmente fueron empleados en la construcción de vías férreas y en la agricultura, y después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, sólo en el sector agrícola. Este movimiento también es cuestión de generaciones y una historia de géneros. Dicha articulación hace de esta lucha social “un asunto de familia” que se desarrolla principalmente en el medio rural mexicano, cuyo vector principal de expresión es la co

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