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Journal articles on the topic 'Trade diversion effect'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Freckleton, Marie, and Patrice Whitely. "Can trade agreements among small countries create trade?" International Journal of Development Issues 19, no. 2 (April 16, 2020): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-06-2019-0110.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of a regional trade agreement among a group of small island developing states on trade creation and trade diversion. Design/methodology/approach An augmented gravity model and panel data are used to estimate the trade creation and trade diversion effects. The generalized method of moments technique is used to account for possible endogeneity. Country pair and time fixed effects are also included. Findings The regional trade agreement had a positive effect on intra-regional trade creation, but there was no significant diversion of impo

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Xiang, Hongjin, Zheng Zhan, and Mingyong Lai. "The trade destruction effect and trade diversion effect of RMB appreciation." Frontiers of Economics in China 6, no. 3 (August 19, 2011): 479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11459-011-0143-3.

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Deng, Chuang. "Analysis of Trade Diversion Effect Under Sino-us Trade Friction - Taking Developing Countries and Developed Countries As Examples." E3S Web of Conferences 275 (2021): 01031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127501031.

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Under the background of sino-us trade friction, what kind of trade diversion effect will china produce to the third country market. Based on the monthly import and export data of China and its 11 major trading partners from January 2014 to December 2019, this paper analyzes the trade diversion of sino-us trade frictions to China’s neighboring countries by using the double-difference and panel quantile methods, and through the selection of developing countries and developed countries as a control group for the spillover effects of trade transfer analysis. Empirical analysis: under the backgroun

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Jošić, Hrvoje, and Maja Bašić. "Trade creation and trade diversion effects from Croatia’s CEFTA and EU membership." Ekonomski pregled 72, no. 4 (2021): 489–521. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.72.4.1.

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This paper provides a detailed empirical study of trade creation and trade diversion effects arising from Croatia's two regional trade agreements, the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) and the European Union (the EU). It offers a foundation for discussion about future trade policies in terms of benefits and drawbacks from those regional trade agreements. Croatia’s imports, exports and total trade flows with 180 trading partner countries were examined for the period of 2000 – 2016. Cross-country panel regression using gravity model of international trade assessed pooled OLS, fixed a

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Gaurav, Kumar, and Nalin Bharti. "Some Common Lessons from Uncommon FTAs." South Asia Economic Journal 20, no. 1 (March 2019): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1391561418824479.

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The present study endeavours to observe the trade creation and trade diversion effects of three free trade agreements (FTAs) in Asia, namely, India–Japan CEPA (IJCEPA), India–Sri Lanka FTA (ISFTA), and India–Bhutan FTA (IBFTA). The article aims to evaluate three uncommon FTAs that include developing–developed, developing–developing and developing–least developed countries. The objective is to evaluate the effects of these FTAs on exports and draw lessons for both the contracting parties and for other economies to commence FTAs that promote trade liberalization. This paper also aims to debunk t

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Nawaz Hakro, Ahmed, and Syed Hasanat Shah. "Economic Rationale, Trade Impact and Extent of Antidumping – A Case Study of Pakistan." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2007.v12.i1.a4.

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This paper has analyzed the economic and political justification, trade impact and extent of antidumping measures initiated by Pakistan. Screening models for anti-predatory behaviour, Herfindahl-Hireshmann Index (HHI) for concentration and descriptive statistical measures are used to test the antidumping (AD) behaviour. The results are consistent with the earlier literature that AD duties have both a trade reduction and diversion effect. It is evident from the results in half of the cases studied that an economic rationale has been followed in the application of AD duties in Pakistan. Although

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Mareta, Bernadheta Mia Tri. "The Impact of ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Agreements on Indonesian Export of Manufacturing Goods." ETIKONOMI 17, no. 2 (August 10, 2018): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/etk.v17i2.7342.

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Along with an attempt to promote the export performance of manufacturing goods, the number of investigation about the potential benefit or harm of free trade agreements is still weak in Indonesia. This paper highlights the effect of ASEAN-Korea Free Trade Agreement (AKFTA) on Indonesian export of manufacturing products since AKFTA as one of the significant initiatives in Southeast Asia is expected to boost Indonesian export. By using augmented gravity models with panel data, this paper investigates the presence of trade creation and trade diversion effects on Indonesian export with 20 trading

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Ji, Seongtae, and JeongHo Yoo. "A study on the changes of agricultural import structure according to implementation of FTAs in South Korea." Journal of Korea Trade 22, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 2–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-01-2018-0001.

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Purpose South Korea has signed and implemented 15 free trade agreements (FTAs) with 52 countries. More than 80 percent of imports of agricultural products came from FTA partner countries in 2015. We can say that South Korea entered the era of an opening in agricultural import sector. It means that FTA is an important factor in causing changes in agricultural imports. As a result of the implementation of the FTA, tariff cuts and other changes in trade conditions could lead to an increase in imports of agricultural products from FTA partner country or diversity of partners. South Korea has imple

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Jungu Kang, Seung-jin Shim, and 김태진. "Trade Creation and Diversion Effect of Korea-China FTA on Service Trade in Value Added." KUKJE KYUNGJE YONGU 23, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17298/kky.2017.23.1.001.

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Tien, Thinh Bui, and Hung Tran Van. "Assessing economic development through trade relations and educational markets integration (the case of Vietnam within ACFTA)." E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 13016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021013016.

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This paper applies the gravity model of trade with panel database to assess the impact of ACFTA on the export and import of ACFTA’s members from 2001 to 2018. The database was taken from World Bank Database, International Trade Center and CEPII Research and Expertise on The World Economy. The estimation results review that ACFTA has positive trade creation and trade diversion effect on the export of all ACFTA’s members including Vietnam, ACFTA does play a pivotal role in the intra – regional export and extra – regional export of Vietnam and other ACFTA’s members. Furthermore, within the scope

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Khorana, Sangeeta, and Badri G. Narayanan. "Modelling Effects of Tariff Liberalisation on India’s Key Export Sectors: Analysis of the EU–India Free Trade Agreement." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 11, no. 1 (February 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801016676016.

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Trade agreements are increasingly being negotiated between developed and emerging economy partners. An example is the EU–India Free Trade Agreement (FTA) for which negotiations began in 2007. There has been a debate on the potential effects of the proposed FTA and how this can impact on India’s key export sectors. Our study addresses this aspect from a global computable general equilibrium (CGE) modelling perspective. Using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) framework, we analyse trade and welfare impacts of the proposed FTA between the EU and India. Two scenarios are modelled: first, co

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Jordaan, Andre Cillie, and Patrick Kanda. "Analysing the trade effects of the EU-SA & SADC trading agreements: a panel data approach." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 14, no. 2 (June 6, 2011): 229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v14i2.56.

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This study investigates the trade effects of the EU-SA and SADC preferential trade agreements of which South Africa is a member. Using a panel data estimation of the gravity model of bilateral trade and based on data from 1994 to 2008, the study finds the EU-SA preferential trade agreement to have a significant trade expansion effect. The study further reveals that an informative conclusion on trade effects of the SADC preferential trade agreement can only be reached once the agreement has been fully operational. The study also recommends that trade policy in South Africa should increasingly b

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Susanto, Dwi, C. Parr Rosson, and Flynn J. Adcock. "Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the North American Free Trade Agreement: The Case of the Agricultural Sector." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 39, no. 1 (April 2007): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022793.

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This paper examines the effect of the U.S.-Mexico trade agreement under the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The results suggest that U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico have been responsive to tariff rate reductions applied to Mexican products. A one percentage point decrease in tariff rates is associated with an increase in U.S. agricultural imports from Mexico by 5.31% in the first 6 years of NAFTA and by 2.62% in the last 6 years of NAFTA. U.S. imports from Mexico have also been attributable to the pre-NAFTA tariff rates. Overall, the results indicate that the U.S-Mexico trad

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Nur Mahdi, Naufal, Suharno, and Rita Nurmalina. "TRADE CREATION DAN TRADE DIVERSION ATAS PEMBERLAKUAN ACFTA TERHADAP PERDAGANGAN HORTIKULTURA INDONESIA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 15, no. 1 (July 15, 2021): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v15i1.489.

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Abstrak  Dampak positif seharusnya diperoleh subsektor hortikultura Indonesia atas implementasi ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA). Namun demikian, subsektor hortikultura Indonesia belum memberikan kinerja yang berarti ketika impor produk hortikultura meningkat melalui tahapan penurunan tarif ACFTA dalam program The Early Harvest Program (EHP). Studi ini meneliti keragaan impor hortikultura Indonesia dengan menggunakan deskriptif analisis. Studi ini juga menganalisis daya saing produk hortikultura negara ASEAN-5 dengan China serta dampak kreasi perdagangan dan diversi perdagangan a

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Lubin, Mawar. "THE EFFECT OF MULTILATERALISM, REGIONALISM, AND OPEN REGIONALISM TOWARDS EXPORTS: ASEAN-5 STUDY CASE." Journal of Developing Economies 1, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jde.v1i2.3293.

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Conceptually elimination or reduction of trade barriers through a Regional Trading Arrangement would increase export and import in the region. Trade diversion would take effect and make member countries buy each other goods and services that become cheaper. Open regionalism is another regionalism concept in which the parties involved promise to extend lower tariffs concession not only to member countries but also to other trading parters. This will hinder member countries to reap the benefit of trade diversion. This study examines the effect of Regionalism (afterAFTA was fully effective) and O

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Jagdambe, Subhash, and Shaikh Mohd Mouzam. "Evaluating the Trade, Revenue and Welfare Implication of Plantation Crops under ASEAN–India FTA." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 1, no. 2 (September 2019): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684619882864.

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This article examines the impact of ASEAN–India Free Trade Agreement on India’s special products categories, namely, coffee, tea and pepper based on partial equilibrium model. The Software for Market Analysis and Restrictive Trade (SMART) model has been used to estimate the trade creation (TC) and trade diversion (TD) effect, revenue effect and welfare effect for the above-mentioned commodities. The results from the SMART simulation analysis indicate that the increase in trade for both the scenarios is mainly driven by TC rather than TD. Further, the study also assesses how the total trade eff

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Nowbutsing, Baboo M. "Winners and Losers in Customs Unions: An Experimental Investigation." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 2, no. 2 (August 15, 2011): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v2i2.25.

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In the context of a Competitive Ricardian Model (CRM), one can ask whether it is possible to relate winners and losers from a CU based on comparative advantage considerations. This was pursued by Venables (2003), who showed that careful consideration of a countryâ€™s comparative advantage â€“ with the rest of the world relative to that with its partners in the CU- yields predictions about winners and losers. Starting from initial tariff equilibrium, in a 3 country model with a continuum of goods, he shows that a country with â€˜extremeâ€™ comparative advantage will be more vulnerable to trade

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Gurova, I. "Theoretical model of the Trade integration in the CiS region." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2014): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2014-1-130-143.

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The paper analyzes the main tenets of economic integration theory in order to reveal the features of the CIS regional integration and propose approaches of its theoretical model development. Quantitative methods have been used to assess the effects of creation and trade diversion, the relationship between bilateral exports, investment and technology exchange. It is established that the integration of the CIS deviates from the traditional model. At the lower stage it is accompanied by deepening cooperation in various sectors that have an effect on trade integration. Thus in contrast to the mode

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Burfisher, Mary E., Sherman Robinson, and Karen Thierfelder. "The Impact of NAFTA on the United States." Journal of Economic Perspectives 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2001): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.15.1.125.

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We describe the main economic arguments posed for and against the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) during the U.S. policy debate. To evaluate these arguments, we analyze recent trade data and survey post-NAFTA studies. We find that both the U.S. and Mexico benefit from NAFTA, with much larger relative benefits for Mexico. NAFTA also has had little effect on the U.S. labor market. These results confirm the consensus opinion of economists at the time of the debate. Finally, studies find that trade creation greatly exceeds trade diversion in the region under NAFTA, especially in interm

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Mandal, Avijit. "Welfare Effect of Free Trade Agreements: A Theoretical Note." Foreign Trade Review 54, no. 2 (March 17, 2019): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732519831806.

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Kemp and Wan (1976, Journal of International Economics, 6(1), 95–97) show that customs unions can be welfare enhancing if the imports from the rest of the world (ROW) by the union members are fixed both before and after the formation of the union. This note extends their argument to the case of (a) two small open economies (SOEs) joining a free trade agreement (FTA) and (b) a single SOE joining a pre-existing FTA among similar economies. The particular compensation principle considered is the one suggested by Grinols (1981, Journal of International Economics, 11(2), 259–266). According to this

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Amir, Faizal, and Idah Zuhroh. "THE IMPACTS OF AFTA-COMMON EFFECTIVE PREFERENTIAL TARIFFS ON THE TRADE DIVERSION AND TRADE CREATION OF SYNTHETIC RUBBER AND FACTICE FROM OIL IN INDONESIA." Muhammadiyah International Journal of Economics and Business 1, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/mijeb.v1i1.7299.

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Rubber and its products are one of the exported commodities listed in Indonesia’s ten primary exported commodities (Ministry of Trade 2015). Different from other rubber products, the impor of synthetic rubber and factice from oil have increased significantly since the establishment of the AFTA-CEPT with approximately 7 thousand registered products in the Inclusion List (IL) in 2002. This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness of synthetic rubber and factice krom oil among the members of AFTA countries and analyze the impacts of trade creation and Trade diversion on the implementation of th

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Wan, Yang, Changyou Sun, and Donald L. Grebner. "Analysis of Import Demand for Wooden Beds in the U.S." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 42, no. 4 (November 2010): 643–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800003862.

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The market of wooden beds in the U.S. has been flooded with imports from China and Vietnam in recent years. Static and dynamic Almost Ideal Demand System models are used to assess the import demand for wooden beds from the top seven supplying countries. The analyses reveal that the antidumping investigation on China has some temporary trade depression effect on China, but trade diversion occurs to Vietnam, Indonesia, Canada, and Brazil. The formal implementation of antidumping duties since 2005 has not shown any significant effect on the trade pattern. U.S. consumers spend more on beds from ne

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Goulard, Sebastien. "The Impact of the US–China Trade War on the European Union." Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 12, no. 1 (January 2020): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974910119896642.

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Since April 2018, the USA and China have been engaged in a trade war. Because of the importance of these two countries in world trade, this dispute does affect not only the Chinese and American economies but also the entire world. Several studies have shown the impact of this dispute on different countries in Asia, but little was done to study the effect on European Union (EU) member states. The trade war between the USA and China should not let us forget the trade disputes between Washington and Brussels on one hand and EU–China trade differences on the other hand. This article will take stoc

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Mukherjee, Deeparghya. "Services traded for intermediate and final usage." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 459–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-11-2016-0237.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate and assess the trends of bilateral services trade in the world segmented by trade for final consumption and intermediate usage across several service sectors. The differential trends, if any, are studied while examining the role of free trade agreements which have a chapter on services trade as well as the role of services trade restrictions. The study unravels differences across service sectors in this respect. Design/methodology/approach The author uses an augmented gravity model to address the above using OECD- World Trade Organization (WT

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Sakanko, Musa Abdullahi, and David Joseph. "Trade Openness And Inflation: Empirical Explanation Of The Nexus In Nigeria." International Journal of social Sciences and Economic Review 1, no. 2 (October 19, 2019): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.36923/ijsser.v1i2.33.

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Purpose of the study: The study aims is to examine the effect of trade openness on inflation rate in Nigeria. Methodology: Time series data were collected from secondary sources. EViews10 (statistical software for data analysis) ware employed to analyze the data collected. Findings: The results revealed a cointegrating and one-way Granger causality between inflation rate, and trade openness. In addition, both the short-run and the long-run results demonstrate a significant and negative relationship between inflation rate and trade openness in Nigeria. Application: The study i

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Wan, Yang, Changyou Sun, and Donald L. Grebner. "Intervention analysis of the antidumping investigation on wooden bedroom furniture imports from China." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 7 (July 2010): 1434–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-078.

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In recent years, the annual imports of wooden bedroom furniture by the United States have been over five billion dollars, with more than two billion dollars of that coming from China. This trend led to an antidumping action against China in October 2003. Since January 2005, antidumping duties of 0.83% to 198.08% have been imposed on individual Chinese firms. To assess the impact of this antidumping action, intervention analysis was employed to examine the import values of four furniture commodities and the prices of two of them over 1997–2008. China and six other major competing countries were

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Alhayat, Aditya Paramita. "EFEKTIVITAS TINDAKAN ANTI DUMPING INDONESIA 1996-2010." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 247–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v8i2.95.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari secara empiris dampak tindakan anti-dumping Indonesia terhadap kinerja impor produk terkait pada periode 1996-2010. Dengan menggunakan model regresi Lee, Park, dan Cui yang dikembangkan pada tahun 2013 ,dampak tindakan anti-dumping dapat dibedakan menjadi efek restriksi dan efek pengalihan perdagangan. Hasil empiris menunjukkan bahwa tindakan anti-dumping tidak efektif dalam memberikan efek restriksi perdagangan dari negara yang menjadi target anti-dumping. Bahkan, impor dari negara yang bukan menjadi target anti-dumping meningkat secara definitif pad

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Izotov, Dmitriy. "Trade Integration in the Asia-Pacific Region: Decomposition of Effects." Spatial Economics 17, no. 1 (2021): 66–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2021.1.066-096.

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The article uses international statistics to make a comparative assessment of the effects of integration within the Asia-Pacific region, the Western and Eastern macro-zones of the Asia-Pacific region, in terms of the contribution of the processes of globalization and regionalization in 1994–2018 due to trade agreements and their expansion. The resulting assessment of the effects of integration indicated a greater contribution of the globalization process to the growth of trade in the Asia-Pacific region (APR), especially for the countries of the Eastern macro-zone. It was found that in the Eas

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Salam, Aziza Rahmaniar, and Bambang Sumarjono. "KAJIAN HARMONISASI TARIF BEA MASUK DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI ORIENTASI EKSPOR." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 1, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 68–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v1i1.294.

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Dalam rangka untuk mendorong pengembangan industry dalam negeri , pemerintah telah menerbitkan berbagai kebijakan antara lain kebijakan tariff bea masuk. Kebijakan tariff bea masuk ini mengacu pada komitmen internasional (WTO, APEC, AFTA, ASEAN-CHINA) maupun nasional . Pada saat ini Indonesia menerapkan program Harmonisasi Tarif Bea Masuk yang dimulai sejak 1 Januari 2005. Program ini diharapkan dapat mendorong peningkatan daya saing produk dalam negeri, Untuk itu perlu dilakukan kajian harmonisasi tariff bea masuk dalam kaitannya dengan pengembangan industry orientasi ekspor, khususnya indust

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Lee, John E., and Kenneth Baum. "Implications of low-input farming systems for the U.S. position in world agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, no. 3-4 (December 1989): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002988.

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AbstractThe adoption of sustainable farming system practices by U.S. producers could affect the international competitive position of many agricultural commodities, including livestock. The adoption of such practices over the next several decades will depend on commodity policy legislation, environmental regulation, commodity price and acreage diversion incentives, and the success of ongoing GATT negotiations and trade liberalization. However, the extent and magnitude of these effects are dependent on the internalization and recognition of social costs of agricultural production by farmers and

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Song, Jian, Yun Yang, Xiaomin Sun, Jin Lin, Ming Wu, Jianfeng Wu, and Jichun Wu. "Basin-scale multi-objective simulation-optimization modeling for conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater in northwest China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 2323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-2323-2020.

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Abstract. In the arid inland basins of China, the long-term unregulated agricultural irrigation from surface water diversion and groundwater abstraction has caused the unsustainability of water resources and the degradation of ecosystems. This requires the integrated management of surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) at basin scale to achieve scientific decisions which support sustainable water resource allocation in China. This study developed a novel multi-objective simulation-optimization (S-O) modeling framework. The optimization framework integrated a new epsilon multi-objective memeti

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Peterson, G. L., T. B. Whitaker, R. J. Stefanski, E. V. Podleckis, J. G. Phillips, J. S. Wu, and W. H. Martinez. "A Risk Assessment Model for Importation of United States Milling Wheat Containing Tilletia contraversa." Plant Disease 93, no. 6 (June 2009): 560–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-6-0560.

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Dwarf bunt of wheat, caused by the fungus Tilletia contraversa, is a pathogen historically limited in distribution by its very specific climatic requirements for establishment. In an effort to both address the need for adequate protection and eliminate unwarranted trade barriers, a number of countries have examined restrictions on importing milling wheat containing teliospores of T. contraversa. Pest risk analysis (PRA), under the guidelines of the World Trade Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization, has become an internationally accepted process for evaluating such issues. As a com

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Colin Koh-King Wong, Venus Khim-Sen Liew, and Mohammad Affendy Arip. "The Impact Of ASEAN Free Trade Area On Intra-Asean Manufacturing Trade." International Journal of Business and Society 18, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3155.2017.

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This study investigates the effects of ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) agreement on the bilateral manufacturing trade between the 10 member countries of ASEAN and 39 of their trading partners. The period ofstudy covers 1995 to 2014. Results obtained from panel data analysis of the gravity model with random effectsshow that the economic sizes, populations, relative endowments, common language and geographical factors like distance, island, landlocked and neighbour are significant determinants of the bilateral manufacturing trade for ASEAN member countries. Moreover, results obtained from the fixed

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Koo, Won W., P. Lynn Kennedy, and Anatoliy Skripnitchenko. "Regional Preferential Trade Agreements: Trade Creation and Diversion Effects*." Review of Agricultural Economics 28, no. 3 (September 2006): 408–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9353.2006.00306.x.

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Dai, Mian, Yoto V. Yotov, and Thomas Zylkin. "On the trade-diversion effects of free trade agreements." Economics Letters 122, no. 2 (February 2014): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2013.12.024.

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Backus, Margot Gayle, and Spurgeon Thompson. "‘If you shoulder a rifle […] let it be for Ireland’: James Connolly's War on War." Modernist Cultures 13, no. 3 (August 2018): 364–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/mod.2018.0217.

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As virtually all Europe's major socialist parties re-aligned with their own national governments with the outbreak of World War I, Irish socialist and trade unionist James Connolly found himself internationally isolated by his vociferous opposition to the war. Within Ireland, however, Connolly's energetic and relentless calls to interrupt the imperial transportation and communications networks on which the ‘carnival of murder’ in Europe relied had the converse effect, drawing him into alignment with certain strains of Irish nationalism. Connolly and other socialist republican stalwarts like He

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Khurana, Richa, and D. K. Nauriyal. "ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement: Evaluating Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effects." Journal of East-West Business 23, no. 3 (June 15, 2017): 283–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10669868.2017.1322548.

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Sumaila, U. R., D. Zeller, L. Hood, M. L. D. Palomares, Y. Li, and D. Pauly. "Illicit trade in marine fish catch and its effects on ecosystems and people worldwide." Science Advances 6, no. 9 (February 2020): eaaz3801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz3801.

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Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing is widespread; it is therefore likely that illicit trade in marine fish catch is also common worldwide. We combine ecological-economic databases to estimate the magnitude of illicit trade in marine fish catch and its impacts on people. Globally, between 8 and 14 million metric tons of unreported catches are potentially traded illicitly yearly, suggesting gross revenues of US$9 to US$17 billion associated with these catches. Estimated loss in annual economic impact due to the diversion of fish from the legitimate trade system is US$26 to US$50 billio

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Karemera, David, Viceola D. Sykes, and Lucy J. Reuben. "Trade Creation, Trade Diversion effects of NAFTA on vegetable and fruit trade flows." World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development 3, no. 2 (2007): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/wremsd.2007.013608.

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Deme, Mamit, and Estrella R. Ndrianasy. "Trade-creation and trade-diversion effects of regional trade arrangements: low-income countries." Applied Economics 49, no. 22 (October 31, 2016): 2188–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1234700.

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Carter, Colin A., and Caroline Gunning-Trant. "U.S. trade remedy law and agriculture: trade diversion and investigation effects." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 43, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5982.2009.01565.x.

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Plusnin, Roman. "Effects of trade creation and trade diversion in the Finland’s import." Contemporary Europe 18, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope42018136145.

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Grossman, Gene M., and Giovanni Maggi. "Diversity and Trade." American Economic Review 90, no. 5 (December 1, 2000): 1255–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.5.1255.

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We develop a competitive model of trade between countries with similar aggregate factor endowments. The trade pattern reflects differences in the distribution of talent across the labor forces of the two countries. The country with a relatively homogeneous population exports the good produced by a technology with complementarities between tasks. The country with a more diverse workforce exports the good for which individual success is more important. Imperfect observability of talent strengthens the forces of comparative advantage. Finally, we examine the effects of trade on income distributio

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Lambert, David, and Shahera McKoy. "Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of Preferential Trade Associations on Agricultural and Food Trade." Journal of Agricultural Economics 60, no. 1 (February 2009): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2008.00184.x.

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KAREMERA, DAVID, and WON W. KOO. "TRADE CREATION AND DIVERSION EFFECTS OF THE U.S.-CANADIAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT." Contemporary Economic Policy 12, no. 1 (January 1994): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1994.tb00408.x.

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de Boyrie, Maria E., and Mordechai Kreinin. "Regional Integration in Latin America." Global Economy Journal 16, no. 2 (May 11, 2016): 293–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2015-0066.

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This paper assesses the welfare effects of integration in Latin America. It estimates trade creation and diversion of: 1) integration of the four Mercosur countries (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay) and 2) amalgamation of Mercosur with the Andean group (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). The method used to proxy trade creation is the change in total imports of a country from before to after integration, while trade diversion is proxied by the change in the country’s external imports between the two periods. A “control country” approach is used to hold constant the effects on imports

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Alkhateeb, Tarek Tawfik Yousef, and Haider Mahmood. "Energy Consumption and Trade Openness Nexus in Egypt: Asymmetry Analysis." Energies 12, no. 10 (May 27, 2019): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12102018.

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Trade openness may support the economic growth of any country but its environmental effects due to increasing energy consumption cannot be ignored. This research hypothesizes the asymmetrical effects of both economic growth and trade openness on the energy consumption of Egypt from 1971–2014. Our estimates suggest that both economic growth and trade openness have asymmetrical effects on the energy consumption in both long and short runs because magnitude of the effects are found unequal. Both increasing and decreasing economic growth have positive effects on the energy consumption in the long

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Urata, Shujiro, and Misa Okabe. "Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of Regional Trade Agreements: A Product-level Analysis." World Economy 37, no. 2 (July 15, 2013): 267–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12099.

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Handoyo, Rossanto Dwi, Lilik Sugiharti, and Miguel Angel Esquivias Padilla. "TRADE CREATION AND TRADE DIVERSION EFFECTS: THE CASE OF THE ASEAN PLUS SIX FREE TRADE AREA." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 24, no. 1 (April 14, 2021): 93–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v24i1.1163.

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This study examines whether trade agreements promoted under the ASEAN+6 over the period 2007-2017 supported trade creation and/or trade diversion effects within three export product groups, namely, manufactured goods, primary products, and natural resources-based goods. Using a gravity model, we note that primary products offer pure trade creation (greater intra-bloc and extra-bloc trade). Manufactured products experienced trade creation in intra-bloc and extrabloc exports, while natural resources-based goods show trade creation in intraregional exports and trade creation in imports from extra

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KUO, KUO-HSING, and CHENG-TE LEE. "TECHNOLOGY ADVANTAGE, HETEROGENEOUS TALENT AND TRADE." Singapore Economic Review 63, no. 05 (December 2018): 1307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590816500119.

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This paper will setup a trade model to explore the impact of the diversity of talent distribution and the technology difference on the pattern of trade (POT) and income inequality of an economy. We find that not only the diversity effect but also the technology effect can matter for the pattern of POT. We demonstrate that, in the free-trade equilibrium, if the technology effect dominates the diversity effect then the country with a more (less) diverse distribution of talent may export the goods produced by a technology with supermodularity (submodularity). In addition, we prove that the relati

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