Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trade in medical services

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  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Trade in medical services'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Trade in medical services"

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Loh, Chung-Ping A., and Russell E. Triplett. "International accreditation, linguistic proximity and trade in medical services." Social Science & Medicine 238 (October 2019): 112403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112403.

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Kshetri, Nir, and Nikhilesh Dholakia. "Offshoring of healthcare services: the case of US‐India trade in medical transcription services." Journal of Health Organization and Management 25, no. 1 (March 22, 2011): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777261111116842.

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Chugaiev, O. А. "FOREIGN TRADE STRENGTH OF COUNTRIES UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 143 (2020): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2020.143.1.45-56.

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In 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic became the major event affecting the global economy. Both supply- and demand-driven recession and changes in consumption and investment behaviour became a new reality. The purpose of the paper is to estimate foreign trade strength and vulnerability of countries under the shrinking global demand for specific groups of goods and services as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the measures to contain it. The proposed foreign trade strength index under pandemic is based on exports of pharmaceutical products, medical equipment, food, IT and audiovisual goods and services etc. (+); tourism and transport services, oil, ores and metals, transport vehicles and most other types of machinery etc. (-); and imports of medical and related products (-) in comparison to a country’s GDP. The ranking is provided for the largest 100 economies. 90% of the countries have absolute trade vulnerability under the pandemic. There are 3 types of economies with relatively better trade soundness: exporters of medical products and ICT services (Ireland and Switzerland), food exporters and closed economies. The most vulnerable economies include small island countries which depend on tourism services exports, oil exporting countries and exporters of machines and equipment. Ukraine ranks 38th and has a standardized value of the index +0.4 mainly because of its food exports which help offsets the weakness due to the metal exports. Vulnerability of large economies is caused by their merchandise export structure, while vulnerability of small economies is due to their services export structure. Key words: foreign trade, economic resilience, demand for goods and services, dependence on global markets, pandemic, quarantine measures.
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Chaudhary, Manjula, and Arpita Agrawal. "Medical Tourism in the Framework of Trade in Health Services and GATS." FIIB Business Review 3, no. 1 (January 2014): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455265820140103.

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Bhattarai, Nawaraj, Peter Mcmeekin, Christopher I. Price, and Luke Vale. "Preferences for centralised emergency medical services: discrete choice experiment." BMJ Open 9, no. 11 (November 2019): e030966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030966.

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ObjectivesIt is desirable that public preferences are established and incorporated in emergency healthcare reforms. The aim of this study was to investigate preferences for local versus centralised provision of all emergency medical services (EMS) and explore what individuals think are important considerations for EMS delivery.DesignA discrete choice experiment was conducted. The attributes used in the choice scenarios were: travel time to the hospital, waiting time to be seen, length of stay in the hospital, risks of dying, readmission and opportunity for outpatient care after emergency treatment at a local hospital.SettingNorth East England.ParticipantsParticipants were a randomly sampled general population, aged 16 years or above recruited from Healthwatch Northumberland network database of lay members and from clinical contact with Northumbria Healthcare National Health Service Foundation Trust via Patient Experience Team.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAnalysis used logistic regression modelling techniques to determine the preference of each attribute. Marginal rates of substitution between attributes were estimated to understand the trade-offs individuals were willing to make.ResultsResponses were obtained from 148 people (62 completed a web and 86 a postal version). Respondents preferred shorter travel time to hospital, shorter waiting time, fewer number of days in hospital, low risk of death, low risk of readmission and outpatient follow-up care in their local hospital. However, individuals were willing to trade off increased travel time and waiting time for high-quality centralised care. Individuals were willing to travel 9 min more for a 1-day reduction in length of stay in the hospital, 38 min for a 1% reduction in risk of death and 112 min for having outpatient follow-up care at their local hospital.ConclusionsPeople value centralised EMS if it provides higher quality care and are willing to travel further and wait longer.
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Herranz-Sanmartín, Juán Pedro. "Academic training in the certification of medical facilities in mexico." HORIZONTE SANITARIO 14, no. 2 (September 14, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19136/hs.a14n2.994.

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The certification of healthcare facilities in Mexico is a established government program, depending of the Presidency of the Republic, as well as global need of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed by Canada, the US and Mexico, that aligns our country with the progress and development towards a better quality in medical services and with other countries that have developed the accreditation and certification of medical services as a general policy.
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Herranz-Sanmartín, Juán Pedro. "Academic training in the certification of medical facilities in mexico." HORIZONTE SANITARIO 14, no. 2 (September 14, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19136/hs.v14i2.994.

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The certification of healthcare facilities in Mexico is a established government program, depending of the Presidency of the Republic, as well as global need of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) signed by Canada, the US and Mexico, that aligns our country with the progress and development towards a better quality in medical services and with other countries that have developed the accreditation and certification of medical services as a general policy.
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Henry, Mark S. "Agriculture's Stake in Rural Economic Development." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 15, no. 2 (October 1986): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00001069.

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This paper considers the effect of economic progress in the nonfarm sectors of urban-industrial areas on the viability of the current farm structure in the United States. These urban-industrial areas may be located in nonmetropolitan counties that are often considered part of “rural America” (Bender, et al.) Furthermore, they are best defined as those areas of nonmetropolitan America that have clusters of employment opportunities. These clusters are increasingly dominated by an array of trade and service activities although they are of lower order in the central place hierarchy than found in metropolitan areas. For example, basic medical services may be provided but there is an insufficient local market to justify many specialized medical services.
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Wahidin, Mugi, Syarifah Nuraini, and Ady Iswadhy Thomas. "Kesiapan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Indonesia Dalam Perdagangan Bebas Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN." Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan 22, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/hsr.v22i2.965.

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The ASEAN Economic Community (MEA) is a form of ASEAN economic integration, including the free trade of goods and services in health sector, which one of them is health services facilities. The study aimed to determine the readiness of health service facilities in Indonesia in dealing with free trade in health goods and services within the framework of the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA). This was qualitative study with descriptive analysis. The data used was secondary data from the Ministry of Health, health professionals, health-related associations, research reports and other data sources. The steps of the study were data searches, in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion with related parties. The facilities were specialist hospitals, specialistic clinics (medical specialist, dentistry specialist, medical and ambulatory evacuation clinics, specialist nursing clinics), acupuncture service facilities and primary clinics. Readiness was justifi ed by the availability of the health services facilities and supported regulation. The results of the study indicated that health service facilities in Indonesia are quite ready to face the free trade in health-related goods and services, except residential health facility. This study recommended the preparation of related regulation, fulfi llment of health service equipments, providing data of spscialistic clinic, collaboration with Capital investment coordination board (BKPM), promortion and advocacy of foreign investment, acreditation for all health services fasilites, and monitoring and evaluation for health services. Abstrak Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) merupakan sebuah bentuk integrasi ekonomi ASEAN, termasuk dalam halperdagangan bebas barang jasa di bidang kesehatan, dan salah satunya adalah fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan. Kajian bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesiapan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia dalam menghadapi perdagangan bebas barang dan jasa kesehatan dalam kerangka Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA). Kajian ini adalah kajian kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari Kementerian Kesehatan, profesi, asosiasi yang berkaitan, hasil penelitian maupun sumber data lainnya. Langkah kegiatan adalah melakukan penelusuran data, wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion (FGD) dengan pihak yang berkaitan. Fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan meliputi rumah sakit spesialistik, klinik utama (kedokteran spesialis, kedokteran gigi spesialis, klinik evakuasi medik dan ambulatory, klinik keperawatan spesialis), fasilitas pelayanan akupunktur dan klinik pratama. Kesiapan dilihat dari ketersediaan fasyankes dan peraturan yang mendukung. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan Indonesia cukup siap dalam menghadapi perdagangan bebas barang dan jasa kesehatan, kecuali fasilitas kesehatan jasa pemukiman. Saran yang diberikan adalah penyiapan regulasi terkait, pemenuhan sarana danprasarana, pendataan klinik utama, kerja sama dengan Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal, sosialisasi dan advokasi tentang investasi asing, akreditasi seluruh fasyankes, dan monitoring dan evaluasi pelayanan kesehatan
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Tsvetkova, A. B., B. V. Musatov, L. A. Danchenok, and Zh B. Musatova. "Researching the Importance of Atmosphere Parameters in the Medical Institution for Younger Audience." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (July 29, 2018): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2018-4-142-151.

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In order to attract the attention of customers and build their loyalty the trade enterprise should stand out at the background of others. One factor promoting attainment of this goal is the shop atmosphere. This category is essential for the service sector. The idea of atmosphere is also topical for medical institutions as enterprises of the service sector. What are its components in the field of public health and how can they be used? Can the atmosphere of the medical institution influence patients’ mood? You can find answers to these questions in this article. Analysis of the degree of this problem development in Russian and overseas publications allow us to speak about insufficient attention to its marketing component. In overseas literature the atmosphere of medical institutions is discussed only from the point of view of its therapeutic effect for patients and medical personnel, while Russian publications have not considered this issue. The list of atmosphere parameters consists of well-known elements. Traditionally it is investigated in the field of retail trade, as it makes possible to create and strengthen communication with clients in places of goods selling, to increase sales of the product range and profit. Is the list of parameters the same in medical institution? This question is still topical. The authors identify important parameters of the atmosphere in the medical institution influencing the younger generation – customers of medical services.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade in medical services"

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Gola, Swati. "The impact of international trade in healthcare services under GATS on the right to health : a study of medical tourism in India." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-international-trade-in-healthcare-services-under-gats-on-the-right-to-health-a-study-of-medical-tourism-in-india(e5e87fe8-b008-4cc2-8a42-2ad95bdde591).html.

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Healthcare services, traditionally provided by the government in a welfare state, have become a tradable commodity in the era of globalisation. Indeed, globalisation has led to the creation of a new international healthcare market with increased participation of the private sector, assisted with enhanced mobility of health professionals, service providers and patients across borders. Soon after its inception, the 1995 General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has come under fire from critics, especially for its broad scope and inclusion of basic services like healthcare, water or education that fulfil social objectives. In establishing a multilateral legal framework, GATS mandates progressive liberalisation of trade in services among the WTO members through successive rounds of negotiations. Since GATS applies to the measures by WTO Members affecting trade in services (whether taken at central, regional or local government level), inclusion of health services therein has raised concern regarding a government's ability to regulate health-related services. Availability and accessibility of healthcare services is crucial from the right to health perspective. The International Convention on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) obligates its Member States to respect, protect and realise progressively and to the maximum of its available resources 'the right to the highest attainable standard of health.' When a WTO Member is also a signatory to the ICESCR, the question arises whether the legislative framework regulating healthcare services under GATS conflicts with the said Member's obligation to respect, protect and fulfil the right to health. The present thesis attempts to answer this question through an analysis of GATS and the right to health norms within the framework of conflict of norms in international law. Although norm conflicts are generally assessed in terms of a legal relationship between a given State with another State, the present thesis focuses on a single State bound by both sets of rules where compliance with both obligations may/does lead to a legal, social or factual conflict.
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Shankar, Jay Eriah. "Providers choices in web-medical records: An analysis of trade-offs made by physicians in San Bernardino County." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2210.

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Wiss, Johanna, and Almina Kalkan. "Rättvis värdering av hälsa : En kvantitativ jämförelse mellan Person Trade Off- och Time Trade Off- metoden." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Linköping University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56577.

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One must consider cost effectiveness when deciding how resources within the health sector should be distributed. Quality adjusted life years (QALYs) are used to measure the value of different medical treatments. QALY is based on utility maximization theory, which suggests that a QALY is always a QALY regardless of who receives it. Therefore, a produced QALY is worth the same regardless of the age or the initial health of the patient. Previous research has shown that these assumptions do not seem to fit the real preferences of individuals. Further, there are different methods of acquiring QALYs that give different outcomes. Two of these methods are Time Trade Off (TTO), in which respondents are confronted with a valuation of health change in time, and Person Trade Off (PTO), where respondents are confronted with a valuation in persons. Arguably, PTO is the preferred method that takes greater account of how individuals wish to allocate the resources of the society. From a distribution perspective focusing on age and initial health status, this paper aims to empirically identify the differences between TTO and PTO considering the measurement of preferences for life quality. The aim is also to examine whether the results obtained are consistent with the theoretical assumptions that are required for the preference to be accepted as a cardinal utility. A quantitative survey was carried out with 58 medical and 61 economics students. Half of the students received PTO and the other half TTO questions. The data collected was analyzed comparing the methods, the two student groups and men against women.

The results from the survey show that, both with TTO and PTO, respondents on average believe that patients who are at a lower initial health level should be given priority over patients who are at a higher initial health level, and younger patients should be given priority over older patients. No significant differences were seen between PTO and TTO when it came to the age of the patient. Conversely, there was a significant difference between the methods for the valuation based on initial health status of patients. Measured with PTO a treatment for patients who are at a lower initial level is valued 28% higher than a treatment for those patients who are at a higher initial level, while the corresponding figure for TTO was 8%. Between medical students and economic students, there were significant differences in the question of age in the PTO. Between men and women differences were found in both methods.


Kostnadseffektivitet är en av faktorerna som ska tas i beaktande vid beslut om hur resurser inom hälso- och sjukvården ska fördelas. Kvalitetsjusterade levnadsår (QALY) används för att mäta effekten av olika insatser. Måttet baseras på nyttomaximeringsteori vilket leder till att en QALY alltid är en QALY oavsett vem den tillfaller - med andra ord är en QALY som produceras hos en patient lika mycket värd oavsett exempelvis patientens ålder eller initiala tillstånd. Dessa antaganden har i tidigare undersökningar visat sig stämma dåligt med individers preferenser men olika metoder för att ta fram QALY verkar ta olika mycket hänsyn till dem. Två av flera metoder är Time Trade Off (TTO), där respondenter ställs inför en värdering av hälsoförändringar i tid och Person Trade Off (PTO) där respondenter ställs inför en värdering i personer. PTO har påståtts vara en mer rättvisande metod som tar större hänsyn till hur individer vill att samhälleliga resurser ska fördelas. Denna uppsats syftar till att, utifrån ett fördelningsperspektiv med fokus på ålder och initialt hälsotillstånd, empiriskt kartlägga förekomsten av skillnader i preferenser för livskvalitet mätt med PTO respektive TTO, samt att undersöka om de erhållna resultaten överensstämmer med de teoretiska grundantagandena som krävs för att preferenser ska accepteras som kardinala nyttor. För att svara mot syftet utfördes en kvantitativ undersökning på 58 läkar- samt 61 ekonomistudenter. Hälften av studenterna fick PTO-frågor och den andra hälften TTO-frågor. En statistisk bearbetning av insamlad data har gjorts där svaren har jämförts mellan metoderna samt mellan läkar- och ekonomistudenter och kvinnor och män.

Resultaten från undersökningen visar att både med TTO och PTO anser respondenterna att patienter som befinner sig på en lägre initial nivå ska prioriteras framför patienter som befinner sig på en högre initial nivå samt yngre patienter ska prioriteras framför äldre patienter. Vad gäller hänsyn till patienters ålder uppmättes inga signifikanta skillnader mellan PTO och TTO. Däremot uppmättes en signifikant skillnad mellan metoderna vad gäller hänsyn till initialt hälsotillstånd hos patienter. Mätt med PTO värderas en behandling för de patienter som befinner sig på en lägre initial nivå 28 % högre än en behandling för de patienter som befinner sig på en högre initial nivå medan motsvarande siffra för TTO var 8%. Mellan läkare och ekonomer fanns signifikanta skillnader i frågan gällande ålder i PTO och mellan kvinnor och män återfanns skillnader i båda metoder.

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Lukas, Daniel. "Individual decisions and efficiency in health care demand." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127098.

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Individual decision-making and the generation of medical demand are crucial subjects in healthcare economics. The following scientific discussion can be classified into these threads. The demand for health care services is typically connected to characteristic imperfections reflecting a bias between an objective and a subjective assessment of a specific demand situation or externally caused frictions. For that reason, the realized demand is not necessarily connected to an efficient allocation of resources. Hence, it is a crucial objective to analyze individual decision-making related on the one hand to specific treatment alternatives and on the other hand to the specified decision framework. This framework is characterized by both the attributes of the individual as well as by the external conditions in which the decision takes place. Theirby, the analysis focuses specifically on potential sources of demand inefficiency and their effectiveness. The following discussion broach the issue of two significant objectives within health economics: 1. Trade in medical care and patient migration, 2. Patient autonomy and education. Both fields find their analytical basis in a micro-economic discussion of individual decision behavior. The first field analyzes the decision between medical provision at home or abroad. This subject is specifically related to a potential efficiency gain due to the existence of cross-border price and quality gradients, usually a source of gains in trade. In the focus of the analysis is the impact of the specific characteristics of these gradients as determinants of cross-border medical demand. The second field discusses the investment decision in measures of patient education and prevention in a framework of a common consultation and self-care as imperfect treatment alternatives due to imperfect competences of self-diagnosis and medical self-supply. This subject is related to the commonly acknowledged positive correlation between health and education. Education is able to improve the quality of health production and, therefore, has a specific impact with respect to increasing autonomous behavior of the individual in issues of health production. The specific environment of these decisions significantly influences the mechanism of decision-making and the final outcome; this must be assessed according to the effect on the allocative efficiency of medical demand. The role of price and quality gradients between alternatives, the differentiation of illnesses, as well as subjective factors, are crucial to the results. Moreover, the individual's ability to appraise his or her own health stock and demand decisions is itself risky. Therefore, the form of the insurance coverage is another important element when analyzing individual decisions. The following discussion will clarify the decision-making mechanisms and their impact on efficient resource allocation. Since the focus is on demand behavior, the interaction with, and therefore the behavior of, the supply side is not explicitly formulated.
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Wiebel, Eva. "Probleme einer multilateralen Liberalisierung des Luftverkehrs im Rahmen der GATS (WTO) /." Hamburg ; Münster : Lit, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=015435415&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Shingal, Anirudh. "Three essays on trade in services : exploring tradability, regional trade and government procurement of services." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496852.

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This thesis comprises three essays on trade in services that explore the issues of tradability, trade and market access. The essays are also empirical case studies of the form that liberalization may take. The first essay examines the role of regional trade agreements (RTAs) in services trade using a gravity model. It adds to this literature by (i) distilling trade effects of RTAs into those emanating from services and "only goods" agreements thereby confirming complementarities between the two; (ii) studying the impact of goods trade on services trade more directly than done hitherto; (iii) studying relationships between RTAs and services trade disaggregated by the economic status of the partner countries and by the nature of the relationship; and (iv) treating the RTA explanatory variable as endogenous in estimating the trade effect. Finally, it uses its results to estimate the trade effect of an India-EU RTA.
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Romo, Labisch Rodrigo. "Liberalization of trade on legal services." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111183.

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Memoria (magister en derecho internacional)
The work will analyze the provisions relating to legal and professional services contained in each of them, as well as their approach to liberalization. After that, it will point out the implications of each of these approaches, adopted by the two types of agreements: positive list approach, adopted by the GATS-like agreements, and the negative list approach, adopted by NAFTA-like agreements. Chapter II will use an example of each of these agreements that Chile has signed: the Free Trade Agreement between Chile and the United States, and the Protocol on Trade in Services between Chile and Mercosur. The first one adopts the NAFTA model and the second one the GATS model. In both cases the Chapter will analyze the specific provisions related to legal services contained in them, and afterwards it will review the commitments that in the case of the Protocol signed with Mercosur each if its countries have made towards Chile, and in the case of the Free Trade Agreement with the United States, will analyze the Annexes I and II, containing reservations on the obligations. Both agreements are just examples of agreements that adopt one model or the other. The Free Trade Agreement with the United States is a landmark in the international commercial relations of Chile, and a good example of the policies adopted by Chile in the context of its international insertion. In the case of Mercosur, it is an agreement Chile has recently negotiated for trade in services. It has not been approved yet by the Congresses of the countries involved. The first section of Chapter III will review the main obstacles to trade on legal services. These obstacles are related with national treatment, market access and domestic regulation. The next section will show the results of a series of interviews made to lawyers who form part of different Chilean well known legal firms. Guided by certain questions, the interviews look to build a point of view on how the international Chilean legal services market works: what are the types of services traded, to which countries these services are being provided, in which modes are they being supplied, etc. Finally, the work will assess if the agreements signed by Chile to liberalize services, are useful for the Chilean legal services providers, namely big national law firms. Knowing the characteristics of the Chilean legal services market, and the obstacles that usually trade in legal services faces, it will intend to assess if the agreements are useful, and eventually what provision should be revised to get the most out of them.
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Herman, Lior. "International trade in services and services co-production : an investigation into the nature of services and their political economy consequences on international trade." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2010. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2382/.

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Goods and services are bundled together in economic analysis, which largely considers them to be similar despite contrary empirical evidence. Services have been largely absent from international political economy literature, so current explanations of international trade in services liberalisation and integration leave a lot to be desired. Using the WTO framework of the four modes of service supply, this thesis provides a comprehensive analysis of international trade in both healthcare and accountancy services. This empirical investigation sheds light on services' patterns of internationalisation and the relationships between different modes of trade. It finds that services differing from each other in many aspects are nevertheless intemationahsing following similar patterns and particularly through commercial presence. The empirical findings of this study are supported by an enquiry into the nature of services. They form the basis of the development of the theory of services coproduction, whereby the services output is jointly created by producers and consumers and/ or goods under their control. Co-production creates an inherent proximity constraint between producers and consumers, which is explained through the Services Production Trap (SPT). Co-production and the SPT have significant consequences for international political economy. Examination of firms' response to the SPT shows that accountancy firms developed a particular organisational model based on a network of partnerships that has been highly successful for internationalisation. In addition, this model furthered accountancy firms' economic and political influence in shaping and leading the exceptional case of an international private governance regime in financial and reporting standards. Further political economy implications which are considered in this study include international trade in services liberalisation and protection, multilateralism and preferential trade, as well as European integration.
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Boyens, Claus. "Privacy trade-offs in web-based services." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=974120251.

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Ononaiwu, Chantal. "Regulation and trade liberalization in banking services." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496622.

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Books on the topic "Trade in medical services"

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León, Francisco. Modernization and foreign trade in the health services. Santiago, Chile: Naciones Unidas, ECLAC, Social Development Division, 2000.

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Mattoo, Aaditya. Does health insurance impede trade in health care services? [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2005.

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John, Holahan, ed. Medicaid spending in the 1980s: The access-cost containment trade-off revisited. Washington, D.C: Urban Institute Press, 1990.

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1952-, Cohen Joel W., ed. Medicaid: The trade-off between cost containment and access to care. Washington, D.C: Urban Institute Press, 1986.

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Health tourism: Social welfare through international trade. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2010.

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Solutions, LLP SafeTech. The impact of oil and energy development on out-of-hospital emergency medical services: Dunn, Williams, Mountrail, and McKenzie Counties. Bismarck, N.D: North Dakota Dept. of Health, Division of Emergency Medical Services and Trauma, 2011.

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Association, Canadian Nurses'. Submission to the Senate of Canada Standing Committee on Banking, Trade and Commerce: Goods and Services Tax. Ottawa: The Association, 1990.

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Alain, Besson, and Thornton John Leonard, eds. Thornton's medical books, libraries, and collectors: A study of bibliography and the book trade in relation to the medical sciences. 3rd ed. Aldershot, Hants, England: Gower Pub. Co., 1990.

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The price of health: Australian governments and medical politics, 1910-1960. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Maurette, Jacqueline. Les héros sacrifiés du World Trade Center. Paris: Jean-Claude Gawsewitch, Éditeur, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trade in medical services"

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Auffenberg, Jennie. "Resisting medical service privatization *." In Trade Union Strategies against Healthcare Marketization, 129–46. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003034582-ch5.

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Tietz, Bruno, Norbert Graeber, and Benedikt Ortmann. "Retail trade." In Services in Switzerland, 145–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78552-8_6.

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Weisman, Ethan. "Trade in Services." In Trade in Services and Imperfect Competition, 55–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0671-6_4.

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Das, Ram Upendra, and Rajan Sudesh Ratna. "Trade in Services." In Perspectives on Rules of Origin, 174–93. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230299160_6.

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Madeley, John. "Trade in services." In Trade and the Poor, 71–85. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780440996.005.

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Orr, Bill. "Trade in services." In The Global Economy in the 90s, 157–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13009-2_6.

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Bundey, John. "Trade in services." In United Kingdom Balance of Payments, 40–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-99584-4_4.

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Nusbaumer, Jacques. "Trade Classifications and Trade Determinants." In Services in the Global Market, 39–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3265-4_3.

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Dudgeon, Robert. "Emergency Medical Services." In Orthopedics in Disasters, 29–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48950-5_4.

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Zeretzke-Bien, Cristina M., Usha Avva, and Fernando Jara. "Emergency Medical Services." In Prepare for the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Board Examination, 27–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28372-8_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trade in medical services"

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Ivan, Lucian. "Management of Covid-19 Crisis at the Level of Defence Industry." In International Conference Innovative Business Management & Global Entrepreneurship. LUMEN Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc/ibmage2020/21.

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Abstract:
According to estimates and analyses by the international community of economic analysts, the medical crisis generated by the Covid-19 pandemic will induce a major economic and financial crisis worldwide which, in conjunction with the current geopolitical situation, characterized by a high degree of uncertainty (e.g. strategic economic confrontation between the US and China, the position of force adopted by the Russian Federation), will affect production and supply chains, amplify the phenomenon of the adoption of trade policies of a protectionist nature, and, indirectly, will significantly affect national defense budgets. In this fluid geopolitical context, characterized by insecurity and systemic instability, a strategic rethink and recalibration of defence policies can be predicted in a new context, defined by the multipolar competition and the asymmetry of geopolitical geometry, the conflict between civilizational models (competition between democracy vs. autocratic/totalitarian political regimes), to the detriment of regional and international collective security arrangements. Changing government priorities generated by the pandemic crisis generated by Covid-19 may lead to a reduction in budgets for military endowment programs. Most governments allocate about 2% of GDP annually to the defence sector. Given the pandemic generated by Covid-19, there is a risk that some states will significantly reduce the budget allocated to the defence industry in order to increase the budgets for health systems, given the need to expand hospitals, as well as the purchase of medical equipment and services. In Romania, the topic of tools and opportunities that may be able to ensure the improvement of the effects and overcoming the economic crisis is currently being discussed through active economic measures, including in the field of the defence industry. In Romania, however, the path from debate to public policy and strategy assumed and applied is traditionally long and hard, requiring more pragmatism in addressing strategic economic issues.
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Zhou, Yixin. "Negotiations of Services Trade and Free Trade Agreement." In 2016 6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Computer and Education Informationization (MCEI 2016). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mcei-16.2016.210.

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Spoerry, Christophe. "A Marketplace Approach to Trade-Related Risk Data." In 2019 IEEE World Congress on Services (SERVICES). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/services.2019.00063.

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Lei, Wang. "The Measurement of Trade Barriers Index of Trade in Services." In 2011 International Conference on Business Computing and Global Informatization (BCGIn). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bcgin.2011.50.

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Zhao, Jun, and Yongyou Yuan. "Research of computers-based trade services." In 3rd International Conference on Green Communications and Networks. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/gcn130191.

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Li, Baojun, Swetha Nandyala, Gopal Avinash, and Jiang Hsieh. "Resolution and noise trade-off analysis for volumetric CT." In Medical Imaging, edited by Jiang Hsieh and Michael J. Flynn. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.708087.

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Hu, Ying, Liyan Han, and Donghui Li. "Intra-Industry Trade in International Tourism Services." In 2008 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wicom.2008.2070.

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Lavarack, Tristan, and Marijke Coetzee. "Web Services Security Policy Assertion Trade-offs." In 2011 Sixth International Conference on Availability, Reliability and Security (ARES). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ares.2011.80.

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Liu, Wei. "The factor analysis of environment policy based on international trade." In 2013 International Conference on Services Science and Services Information Technology. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sssit131662.

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Cox, Jr., Jerome R., Stephen M. Moore, G. J. Blaine, John B. Zimmerman, and Gregory K. Wallace. "Optimization of Trade-offs in Error-free Image Transmission." In 1989 Medical Imaging, edited by Samuel J. Dwyer III, R. Gilbert Jost, and Roger H. Schneider. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.976434.

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Reports on the topic "Trade in medical services"

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Services: Veterinary Health Services. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403244.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Services: Standards of Medical Fitness. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402408.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Services: Medical, Dental, and Veterinary Care. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402407.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Services: Patient Administration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403180.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Services: Veterinary/Medical Food Inspection and Laboratory Service. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403196.

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Lipsey, Robert. Measuring International Trade in Services. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12271.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Services: Nutrition Standards and Education. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403178.

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DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WASHINGTON DC. Medical Services: Nonphysician Health Care Providers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403181.

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Hendrickson, Warren, Alex Walser, and LouAnn Burnett. Royal Medical Services Training Centre Assessment. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762639.

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Marconini, Mario. Revisiting Regional Trade Agreements and Their Impact on Services Trade. Geneva, Switzerland: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.7215/re_ip_20100129.

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