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Journal articles on the topic 'Trade; Industrialisation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Paul, Justin, V. J. Sebastian, and A. Ramanathan. "Trade and Industrialisation in India." Foreign Trade Review 35, no. 2-3 (2000): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515000202.

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2

Sarkar, Prabirjit. "De-industrialisation through colonial trade." Journal of Contemporary Asia 22, no. 3 (1992): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472339280000211.

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3

Duranton, G. "Agricultural productivity, trade, and industrialisation." Oxford Economic Papers 50, no. 2 (1998): 220–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a028643.

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4

Foliano, Francesca, and Rebecca Riley. "International Trade and UK De-Industrialisation." National Institute Economic Review 242 (November 2017): R3—R13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011724200110.

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The past 25 years have been characterised by a surge in international trade as economies have become increasingly inter-linked. In many advanced economies this surge has been associated with increased import competition from low-wage economies. This paper explores the effects of such competition on manufacturing jobs in the UK. We consider two developments that influenced the nature of international trade: the ascendency of China as an important player in global markets and the accession to the European Union of a number of Eastern European economies in 2004. Both of these changes were associa

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5

Yurdakul, Funda. "Correlations between energy consumption per capita, growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation: the case of Turkey." New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 10 (2018): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/prosoc.v4i10.3085.

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This study examines the relationship of energy consumption per capita with growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation in Turkish economy throughout the 1980–2015 period using the Engle-Granger, Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), canonical cointegration regression (CCR) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods. Analysis results revealed a long-run equilibrium relationship between the change in energy consumption per capita and growth rate, industrialisation, trade volume and urbanisation. Urbanisation, industrialisation, growth rate and trade volume posit

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Ngouhouo, Ibrahim, and Tii Njivukuh Nchofoung. "Does Trade Openness Affects Employment in Cameroon?" Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 1 (2020): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732520961307.

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The objective of this paper is to examine the effect of trade openness on employment in Cameroon. The methodologies used in order to test our hypothesis were the FMOLS and DOLS. The results of the estimations show a positive and significant effect of trade openness on employment in Cameroon with both methods. Indeed, industrialisation and investments were found to significantly increase employment in Cameroon. As recommendations, if Cameroon envisages expanding in international trade, she should encourage sectors that have a spillover effect. These include increasing industrialisation which wi

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7

GÓMEZ-GALVARRIATO, AURORA, and JEFFREY G. WILLIAMSON. "Was It Prices, Productivity or Policy? Latin American Industrialisation after 1870." Journal of Latin American Studies 41, no. 4 (2009): 663–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x09990551.

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AbstractThe new trade data used here document the significance of industrialisation in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico after 1870. By 1910 Brazil and Mexico, in particular, led most of the poor periphery in Asia, Africa and the Middle East. While some of this impressive industrialisation was due to fast productivity growth in manufacturing, perhaps yielding some catch-up on their competitors in the United States and Europe, this article argues that there were even more powerful forces at work. Much of the industrialisation that occurred in Latin America was due to a cessation in the seven-

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8

Little, Ian M. D. "Trade and Industrialisation Revisited (The Iqbal Memorial Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4I (1994): 359–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4ipp.359-389.

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In 1970 the book Industry and Trade in Some Developing Countries by myself, Tibor Scitovsky and Maurice Scott was published (referred to henceforth as LSS). It exposed the bad effects of the import substitution policies which had been the prevailing mode of industrialisation in developing countries for a long time. It advocated the elimination of quotas and a uniform tariff of 10-15 percent. The exchange rate should be adjusted to ensure that exports were competitive. If any industry was, exceptionally, to receive more promotion than that implied by the low tariff, this should be by some form

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9

BEATTY, EDWARD. "The Impact of Foreign Trade on the Mexican Economy: Terms of Trade and the Rise of Industry 1880–1923." Journal of Latin American Studies 32, no. 2 (2000): 399–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00005794.

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This article uses both new and published data on Mexico's foreign trade to measure terms of trade and to investigate the relationship between trade and the early growth of domestic industry. This analysis yields five conclusions: (1) Mexican terms of trade declined, largely due to the dramatic fall in the price of silver; (2) the growing diversity of Mexican exports significantly cushioned the short-term impact of silver depreciation; (3) declining terms of trade did not characterise the entire era, but instead were concentrated in two periods: 1891–97 and 1912–21; (4) although net barter term

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10

Mahmood, Zafar, and Mohammad Ali Qasim. "Foreign Trade Regime and Savings in Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (1992): 883–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.883-893.

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Without generating high growth rates of national income, a country cannot make a sustained attack on poverty, unemployment, and other economic problems. Developing countries have, generally, pursued the goal of rapid economic growth with the help of industrialisation. In this regard, an optimal structure of the industries enables a country to experience 'sustainable' economic growth. Countries adopt various trade strategies to allocate resources to their optimal use in order to exploit their industrial potential. Developing countries, including Pakistan, have adopted the import -substituting (

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11

Baldwin, Richard, and Anthony J. Venables. "Trade policy and industrialisation when backward and forward linkages matter." Research in Economics 69, no. 2 (2015): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2015.02.008.

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12

O’rourke, Kevin H., and Jeffrey G. Williamson. "From Malthus to Ohlin: Trade, Industrialisation and Distribution Since 1500." Journal of Economic Growth 10, no. 1 (2005): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10887-005-1111-5.

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13

Khan, Shahrukh Rafi, and Shaheen Rafi Khan. "Structural Adjustment, Industrialisation, and Export Promotion." Pakistan Development Review 35, no. 4II (1996): 467–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v35i4iipp.467-480.

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The main objective of this paper was to explore if trade liberalisation has ushered in the large scale de-industrialisation that is feared by some to follow in its wake and whether it has been successful in enhancing export promotion. We relied on several different kinds of evidence to demonstrate that de-industrialisation has not coincided with the intensive structural adjustment period while export growth has. However, both industrialisation and export promotion in Pakistan have been below potential, below the mean for low income countries and have not even kept pace with progress in this re

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14

Ergano, Degele, and Seshagiri Rao. "Sino–Africa Bilateral Economic Relation: Nature and Perspectives." Insight on Africa 11, no. 1 (2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975087818814914.

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Review of more than 100 articles accessed in literature survey for the last decade of dynamic China–Africa economic relation has been done with an objective of examining the nature and perspectives of Sino–Africa relation along Trade, FDI and Aid channels. China–Africa relation is a win–win in the short and medium run but the long-run impact is far from clear. Governance issues, environmental concern, asymmetric trade relation, prospects for African industrialisation, technology transfer and employment generation, and so on are debatable issues in most of the literatures assessed. Beneficial r

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15

Abdul-Aziz, Shahrun Nizam, Normala Zulkifli, Norimah Rambeli@Ramli, Noor Al-Huda Abdul Karim, Zainizam Zakariya, and Norasibah Abdul Jalil. "The Determinations of East Asia’s Automobile Trade Using a Gravity Model." Research in World Economy 10, no. 5 (2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v10n5p113.

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The aim of this study is to investigate empirically the factors that determine the level of automobile trade in East Asian countries by taking into account government policies as well as the role of MNEs. To do so, in this study we include dummies of import substitution industrialisation (ISI) and export orientation industrialisation (EOI) policies as well as Japanese FDI as additional explanatory variables in our augmented gravity models. We found that GDPs, distance, per capita income, FTA, government policies, language and FDI are the determinants for the development of automobile industry

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16

Bergs, Rolf. "Problems of Industrialisation in Libya since the Revolution." Libyan Studies 19 (1988): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900001138.

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AbstractThis paper deals with the Libyan industrialisation programme since the revolution in 1969. Although Libya is striving to achieve national development within the next 20 years on a par with other advanced ‘Newly Industrialising Countries', it seems that the declining oil prices and the decreasing income from foreign trade since 1981 is retarding the build-up significantly. The main problem is that the necessary foreign labour can no longer be financed. The annual growth rates achieved in industry since 1981 indicate virtual stagnation.

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17

GREENAWAY, DAVID, and CHONG HYUN NAM. "Industrialisation and Macroeconomic Performance in Developing Countries under Alternative Trade Strategies." Kyklos 41, no. 3 (1988): 419–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1988.tb01263.x.

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18

Padhi, Satya Prasad. "Depreciation and Trade Deficits in India: Problems of Foreign Exchange and Domestic Industrialisation Base." Indian Economic Journal 67, no. 3-4 (2019): 258–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019466220949161.

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The present article develops an argument in which depreciating Indian rupee is basically due to underdeveloped status of domestic production base that is reflected in continuing trade deficits. It argues that price theoretic policies not only manage trade imbalances but also completely neglect the revival of domestic production base that can induce a tendency towards exports-led correction of the trade imbalances, that is, it neglects the importance of exports to make a transition towards strong production base, manageable trade balances and strong foreign exchange status; if so, the continuin

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19

DiCaprio, Alisa. "US Free Trade Agreements and Policy Flexibility: Will New Rules Hinder Industrialisation?" Development Policy Review 28, no. 4 (2010): 387–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7679.2010.00489.x.

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20

Holden, M., and P. Holden. "The employment effects of trade regimes and industrialisation policy in South Africa." Development Southern Africa 6, no. 1 (1989): 106–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768358908439449.

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21

Nasir, Muhammad Ali, Nguyen Phuc Canh, and Thi Ngoc Lan Le. "Environmental degradation & role of financialisation, economic development, industrialisation and trade liberalisation." Journal of Environmental Management 277 (January 2021): 111471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111471.

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22

Paudel, Ramesh Chandra. "Trade-Growth Nexus in Landlocked Developing Countries: A Quantile Regression Framework." Economic Journal of Nepal 42, no. 1-2 (2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v42i1-2.35892.

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This paper investigates the trade growth nexus in landlocked developing countries. Landlockedness imposes exogenous costs to a country making import more expensive and exports uncompetitive. Despite this fact, landlocked countries also are in the process to be integrated with world but in slow pace. Initial income is one of the major determinants of economic growth in these countries whether they are poor or rich now, however, negative impact of Landlockedness seems more severe in economic growth of poor countries. Trade has a positive role in landlocked countries too to trade than the poor co

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23

Berg, Maxine. "SKILL, CRAFT AND HISTORIES OF INDUSTRIALISATION IN EUROPE AND ASIA." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 24 (October 24, 2014): 127–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440114000061.

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ABSTRACTIt is time to reexamine craft and small-scale manufacture within our histories of industrialisation, both West and East, and to reflect on the long survival and adaptation of artisanal production even within our globalised world of production and consumption. Historians since the 1950s have addressed craft, skill and labour-intensive production in historical frameworks such as ‘the rise of the factory system’, ‘proto-industrialisation’ and ‘flexible specialisation’. More recently, they have devised other concepts which include labour and skill-intensive production such as ‘industrious

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24

Kaposi, Zoltán. "Iparosodás agrártérségben." Jelenkori Társadalmi és Gazdasági Folyamatok 7, no. 1-2 (2012): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/jtgf.2012.1-2.91-98.

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This study deals with the industrialisation of the largest market centre of the Southwest Transdanubian Region of Hungary. Nagykanizsa was an agrarian town for a long time; however, a quick increase in trade begun from the 1830s. The industry showed small plant traits. The industrialisation started in the 1880s in this region too. Newness was the mass producing mechanised manufacturing. The manufacturing came into existence in three ways. The first case was when the already existing small plants were developed to factories due to the good trading opportunities. In the second case traders and c

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25

Omphemetse S. Sibanda, Sr. "The Advent of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement as a Tool for Development." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 2 (2021): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732521995171.

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Modelled on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), signed at the Extraordinary Summit of the African Union, which convened in Kigali, Rwanda, on 21 March 2018, is designed to facilitate a single continental trade regulation and integration framework for trade disciplines and intentioned to boost intra-Africa trade. AfCFTA came on the backdrop of not less than eight regional economic communities (RECs), which are loosely regulated. The study finds that AfCFTA can become a beacon of development in the African continent, provided an

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26

Alayande, Folarin, and Dr Wumi Olayiwola. "Trade Policy Incentives, Market Structure and Productivity." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 57 (July 10, 2019): 1106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.57.1106.1122.

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Trade policy incentives are drivers of within-sector productivity growth and rapid industrial transformation in many developing countries. In many African countries, the use of tariffs, trade prohibitions and a package of fiscal policy incentives are therefore components of industrialisation and backward integration programmes to accelerate the performance of priority sectors. However, the effectiveness of these policy instruments within specific industries, and the transmission mechanism of policy incentives to productivity has not been adequately explored in the literature. By focusing on ol

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27

van Seventer, D. E. N. "The employment effects of trade regimes and industrialisation policy in South Africa: A reply." Development Southern Africa 6, no. 1 (1989): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03768358908439450.

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28

Kuah, Adrian W. J. "The Political Economy of Defence Industrialisation in Singapore: The Costs, Trade‐Offs and Synergies." Defence Studies 5, no. 2 (2005): 213–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14702430500336475.

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29

Zakaria, Muhammad, Wen Jun, and Marium Farrukh Khan. "Impact of financial development on agricultural productivity in South Asia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 65, No. 5 (2019): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/199/2018-agricecon.

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The paper examines the impact of financial development on agricultural productivity in South Asia using data for the period 1973–2015. The other variables included are physical capital, human capital, trade openness and income level. It is found that all variables have cross-section dependence and they are stationary at first differences. It is found that long-run cointegration holds among variables. The estimated results show that financial development has an inverted U-shaped effect on agricultural productivity, which implies that agricultural productivity first increases with the increase i

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Akita, Shigeru. "‘Gentlemanly capitalism’, intra‐Asian trade and Japanese industrialisation at the turn of the last century." Japan Forum 8, no. 1 (1996): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09555809608721557.

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31

Devlin, Anna, and Frank Barry. "Protection Versus Free Trade in the Free State Era: The Finance Attitude." Irish Economic and Social History 46, no. 1 (2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0332489319853703.

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Belief in the benefits of industrial protection had long been a cornerstone of nationalist ideology. Cumann na nGaedheal followed a policy of selective protection while Fianna Fáil was ideologically committed not just to import-substituting industrialisation but to as high a degree of self-sufficiency as possible. The Departments of Finance and Industry and Commerce differed sharply on the costs and benefits of trade restrictions. This article explores the perspective of the Department of Finance and in particular that of J. J. McElligott, Assistant Secretary from 1923 and Secretary of the Dep

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Yasmin, Bushra, and Aliya H. Khan. "Trade Liberalisation and Labour Demand Elasticities: Empirical Evidence for Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 44, no. 4II (2005): 1067–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v44i4iipp.1067-1089.

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Trade has predominantly contributed in the development of world economies for more than mere agricultural development and industrialisation. Trade involves many regions across the globe. The more the regions involved, the more will be the benefits. Trade is an interaction between economies for the exchange of goods, services, skills, knowledge and expertise, which is required for bringing in the desired changes like increase in the availability of choices, reduction of extreme poverty, and enhancement of physical and mental capability. As the wave of market oriented moves has spread over the e

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33

Emmer, Pieter. "The Organisation of Global Trade: the Monopoly Companies, 1600–1800." European Review 22, no. 1 (2014): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798713000677.

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In the early modern period (1500–1800), shipping and trade within Europe were the domain of individual merchants and small companies organised on a temporary basis. Outside Europe, however, new financial and commercial institutions such as permanent joint stock companies came into existence in order to limit the risks. These large institutions played an important role in inter-continental trade and shipping, albeit that their role in Asia differed from that in the Atlantic, where small companies as well as individual merchants remained the dominant form of organisation. In addition, privateers

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34

Oloruntoba, Samuel Ojo, and Komi Tsowou. "Afro-continental free trade areas and industrialisation in Africa: Exploring Afro-Canadian partnership for economic development." Canadian Foreign Policy Journal 25, no. 3 (2019): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11926422.2019.1650381.

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35

Barry, Frank, and Mícheál Ó Fathartaigh. "The Industrial Development Authority, 1949–58: establishment, evolution and expansion of influence." Irish Historical Studies 39, no. 155 (2015): 460–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2014.4.

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Abstract Established in 1949 in the face of Fianna Fáil hostility, and greeted with suspicion by both the department of Industry and Commerce and the department of Finance, the Industrial Development Authority within ten years had carved out a powerful position for itself within the bureaucracy. By the early 1950s, while Seán Lemass was still wedded to the concept of import-substituting industrialisation, the I.D.A. was formulating its vision for ‘industrialisation by invitation’ and lobbying internally for the introduction of export profits tax relief. The adoption of this measure in 1956 ini

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36

Ahmed, Hamna, and Farah Said. "Determinants of Export Performance in the Wake of the Global Financial Crisis: Evidence from South Asia." Pakistan Development Review 51, no. 4II (2012): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v51i4iipp.227-243.

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The idea that trade is important for economic growth dates back to the nineteenth century when classical economists like Adam Smith, Ricardo, John Stuart Mill etc. advocated the favourable effects of international trade on output. Since then a rich body of both theoretical and empirical literature has evolved with regards to exports and trade policy. Within this overall literature, two competing approaches that can be broadly identified are Import Substitution industrialisation (IS) and Export-Led (EL) growth. According to the EL growth hypothesis, exports can promote economic growth through t

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37

Thorp, Rosemary. "A Reappraisal of the Origins of Import-Substituting Industrialisation 1930–1950." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, S1 (1992): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x0002383x.

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The current enthusiasm for trade liberalisation in Latin America, and indeed for a broad-ranging return to the market, has as its backdrop the widespread disillusion with the protectionist model of the 1950s and 1960s. Import substituting industrialisation (ISI) is seen as having used tariff barriers and controls to generate an extremely inefficient industry, suffering under a weight of state bureaucracy, with often inappropriate direct state participation. Its excessive import needs, for all its import-substituting origin, are directly related to the generation of the debt crisis.1 The high a

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38

Ngo, Christine Ngoc. "Industrial Development, Liberalisation and Impacts of Vietnam–China Border Trade." European Journal of East Asian Studies 16, no. 1 (2017): 154–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01601008.

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Successful industrial development among third world countries is rare. In the past century, only a handful of countries were able to make the big leap to become industrialised countries more or less equal to the US and Europe. This is because industrialisation requires resources, state planning, coordination, resilience to external shocks and sustained performance of firms. These requirements are extremely difficult to achieve in the context of a weak state, low levels of skilled labour, underdeveloped credit markets and timid economic demand for goods and services. This paper assesses the dev

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Griffiths, Ieuan Ll. "Industrialisation and trade union organisation in South Africa, 1924–55: the rise and fall of the South African Trades and Labour Council." International Affairs 62, no. 1 (1985): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2618140.

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Samoff, Joel, and Jon Lewis. "Industrialisation and Trade Union Organisation in South Africa, 1924-55: The Rise and Fall of the South African Trades and Labour Council." American Historical Review 91, no. 4 (1986): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873447.

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41

CLAYTON, DAVID. "TRADE-OFFS AND RIP-OFFS: IMITATION-LED INDUSTRIALISATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF TRADEMARK LAW IN HONG KONG*." Australian Economic History Review 51, no. 2 (2011): 178–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8446.2011.00330.x.

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42

Gingrich, Simone. "Foreign trade and early industrialisation in the Habsburg Monarchy and the United Kingdom — Two extremes in comparison." Ecological Economics 70, no. 7 (2011): 1280–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.08.013.

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Scholvin, Sören. "Developmental Regionalism and Regional Value Chains: Pitfalls to South Africa's Vision for the Tripartite Free Trade Area." Africa Spectrum 53, no. 3 (2018): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300305.

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Regional integration via the Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) received a significant boost when the South African parliament signed the corresponding agreement in October 2018. This article uncovers the convictions and objectives that drive South Africa's commitment to the TFTA. It reveals that South Africa sees the TFTA as a means of “developmental regionalism,” which is expected to facilitate region-wide industrialisation based on value addition in regional value chains (RVCs). For this purpose, South Africa seeks to coordinate industrial policies within the TFTA and rehabilitate infrastruc

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Dünhaupt, Petra, and Hansjörg Herr. "Trade, Global Value Chains and Development – What Role for National Development Banks?" Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung 89, no. 3 (2020): 9–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/vjh.89.3.9.

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Summary: In this article we discuss the need for industrial policy and role of development banks for economic development. The catching-up of countries in the Global South to productivity levels and living standards of the Global North is the exception. There are two main economic explanations for this observation. First, developing countries are pushed to low-tech and labor-intensive productions and tasks in global value chains. This offers the advantage of easier industrialisation, but it does not automatically lead to productivity levels comparable with the Global North. Foreign direct inve

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Biyanwila, Janaka. "Union Strategies in the Sri Lankan Tea Plantations: Rediscovering the Movement Dimension." Economic and Labour Relations Review 14, no. 1 (2003): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530460301400106.

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With the launch of export-oriented industrialisation policies in 1977, trade unions in Sri Lanka entered a new set of challenges. The state promotion of labour market deregulation and privatisation has directly undermined union strategies based on bureaucratic modes of organising worker solidarity. Nevertheless, among the gamut of union strategies are tendencies characterising what is described as social movement unionism (SMU). The SMU approach focuses on strategies of independent unions combining participatory democracy internally with structured alliances externally. This paper looks at the

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Dunn, Oliver. "A Sea of Troubles? Journey Times and Coastal Shipping Routes in Seventeenth-Century England and Wales." Journal of Transport History 41, no. 2 (2020): 184–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526619886061.

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As revealed by John Armstrong, coastal shipping was vital to Britain’s Industrial Revolution: it was a system of mass transport for coal, grain, and myriad other goods that long predated railways and canals. Despite this, we know little about how it functioned. This paper examines some fundamental characteristics, namely ship speeds, times spent in port, and trade patterns, to examine its effectiveness long before Britain’s industrialisation. Local customs records provided data covering thousands of recorded departures and arrivals of coasters. These data are analysed using a geographical info

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Khan, Azizur Rahman. "Globalisation, Liberalisation, and Equitable Growth: Lessons from Contemporary Asian Experience." Pakistan Development Review 36, no. 4II (1997): 915–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v36i4iipp.915-928.

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Since the beginning of the 1980s the less developed countries (LDCs) have been getting integrated with the global economy at a rapidly accelerating rate. The impetus for the process came from the need to make adjustment in the unsustainable imbalance in the external account that most of these countries experienced in the aftermath of the oil shocks of the 1970s and the declining demand for their exports due to the recession in the OECD countries during the 1980s. Many of these countries had to subject themselves to structural adjustment programmes at the behest of the multilateral donor agenci

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Page, Arnaud, and Laurent Herment. "The Price of Nitrogen at the End of the Nineteenth Century." Jahrbuch für Wirtschaftsgeschichte / Economic History Yearbook 62, no. 1 (2021): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbwg-2021-0003.

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Abstract The second half of the nineteenth century was marked by the concomitant and entangled processes of the rise of agricultural chemistry and that of the fertiliser trade. Yet, while the two were undoubtedly related, the work of agricultural chemists was not necessarily characterized by the uniform and unequivocal promotion of fertilisers. This article looks at some of the complex ways in which chemists participated in the development of the fertiliser trade by studying how their work was used to ascribe a commercial price to a chemical element. It analyses the contested development of th

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Veeramani, C. "Fragmentation Trade and Vertical Specialisation: How Does South Asia Compare with China." Journal of Asian Economic Integration 1, no. 1 (2019): 97–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2631684618821550.

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This article analyses the trends and patterns of export and fragmentation trade by South Asian countries—Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. To place the discussion in a comparative perspective, the analysis also covers China. Experience of China and other East Asian countries shows that export-led industrialisation and a high degree of participation in global production networks/value chains, based initially on specialisation in labor-intensive activities, are crucial for sustained employment generation and poverty reduction. However, exports have not become a major engine of growth in

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Devine, T. M. "Did Slavery make Scotia great?" Britain and the World 4, no. 1 (2011): 40–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2011.0004.

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The relationship between slavery, the slave trade and British economic development remains a contested field of eighteenth century history. This article examines one hitherto unexplored aspect of the subject, the significance, if any, of profits derived from the slave-based economies of the Atlantic in Scotland's Great Leap Forward in the later eighteenth century. It is argued that because of the distinctive nature of Scottish development, compared to that of England, and the intimate connections between Scotland and plantation economies the question does merit serious consideration. The artic

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