Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trade margin

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Trade margin'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Trade margin"

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Handoyo, Rossanto Dwi, Kabiru Hannafi Ibrahim, Tutus Wahyuni, Fernanda Reza Muhammad, and Abdul-Azeez Sani Baraya. "Trade margins of rubber exporters: The case of Indonesia." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0292160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292160.

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This study used a two-step system generalized method of moment (GMM) and spatial aspects to analyze Indonesia’s trade margins of a rubber product to export destination countries over the period 2009–2018. The study unraveled the role of non-tariff measures such as sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS), technical barriers to trade (TBT), and gravity factors in determining rubber trade margins. Our empirical strategies revealed that sanitary and phytosanitary policies negatively affect trade margins, while the technical barrier to trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) asserts a positive impact on
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Zhang, Ruxu, and Yahui Qu. "The Impact of U.S. Trade Policy Uncertainty on the Trade Margins of China’s Export to the U.S." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (2022): 15101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215101.

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Since the subprime crisis, the U.S. has begun to adjust its international trade policies due to the worldwide economic slowdown, leaving its trading partners facing great uncertainty in trade policy. In this study, we developed a panel model to empirically analyze the impact of U.S. trade policy uncertainty on the extensive margin, intensive margin, price margin, and quantity margin of Chinese exports of U.S. goods. We found that U.S. trade policy uncertainty is also a trade barrier for China’s export trade. The extensive margin, intensive margin, price margin, and quantity margin of Chinese e
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Friday, Wilson, Fredrick Bagamba, and William Ekere. "Determinants of Gross Margin of Watermelon Traders in Kampala, Uganda." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies 3, no. 6 (2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.62225/2583049x.2023.3.6.1871.

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Watermelon is one of the most important tropical fruits, very nutritious and traded globally. Despite of its importance worldwide, watermelon trade faces challenges accrued from its transportation, poor storage facilities and lack of organized marketing system. This study on market performance of watermelon was conducted in the six selected markets of Kampala district. The study objectives were to; establish socioeconomic characteristics of watermelon traders, compute gross margin and marketing margin of watermelon trade along selected value chain and determine factors influencing watermelon g
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Wang, Lulu, and Jing Deng. "Research on the Impact of Rising Labor Cost on Trade between China and Japan ——Based on the perspective of ternary margins." E3S Web of Conferences 235 (2021): 02066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123502066.

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This paper calculated the extensive margin, price margin and quantity margin of trade growth between China and Japan during 2000-2018, and analyzed the impact of rising labor costs on trade between China and Japan based on the perspective of ternary margins. The results show that the rising labor cost has both positive and negative effects on the growth of China’s export to Japan, also has different effects on different kinds of products. Specifically, there are significant positive effects on the extensive margin of animal and plant products and textile products, the price margin of chemical
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ZHAO, YONG-LIANG, DE-XUE LIU, HUA-LIN PU, and ZI-HUI YANG. "CHINA'S EXPORT MARGINS AND THEIR GROWTH SOURCES: AN ANALYSIS OF EXTENSIVE MARGIN AND INTENSIVE MARGIN." Singapore Economic Review 58, no. 04 (2013): 1350029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021759081350029x.

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Based on the theoretical methods by Feenstra and others, this paper applies the empirical panel data of years 2000–2007 to measure the growth of China's provincial import and export for both extensive and intensive margins. Extensive margin reflecting the level of variety becomes a significant factor for China's export and is slightly higher than intensive margin. The empirical results indicate that emerging industrial countries have gradually become the important new markets for China's export variety. As for the variables affecting variety growth, trade barriers are found to play a dominant
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Márquez-Ramos, Laura. "The Role of Institutional Environment in International Trade. The Case of Spanish Regions." REGION 3, no. 2 (2016): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v3i2.147.

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We move beyond the nation-state as the unit of analysis and use subnational spatial variation to study the effect of the institutional environment on international trade. Additionally, we address the heterogeneous effect of trade agreements on different regions within a country. Employing a gravity model approach, we use a region-to-country dataset to estimate the determinants of Spanish regional exports and we apply quantile regressions for panel data. We find that better institutional quality of trade agreements leads to an increase in both the intensive and the extensive margins of trade. T
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Zhang, Jinzhu, Ziyue Zhao, Wenqi Zhao, Chenlu Tao, and Baodong Cheng. "The Impact of Forest Certification on the Ternary Margins of China’s Forest Product Export." Forests 13, no. 8 (2022): 1313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13081313.

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Forest certification as a typical green trade measure has been gradually adopted by developed countries. Although it can promote the upgrading of forest products’ trade structure, it also threatens the stability of export growth. However, most studies have focused on the impact of forest certification on the total volume of forest product exports, but less on the impact on the growth structure. This study used the cross-country panel data and an extended gravity model to empirically analyze the impact of forest certification on the ternary margins of China’s forest products export to 39 countr
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Fieler, Ana Cecília, and Jonathan Eaton. "The Margins of Trade." Econometrica 93, no. 1 (2025): 129–60. https://doi.org/10.3982/ecta17510.

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Welfare depends on the quantity, quality, and range of goods consumed. We use trade data, which report the quantities and prices of the individual goods that countries exchange, to learn about how the gains from trade and growth break down into these different margins. Our general equilibrium model, in which both quality and quantity contribute to consumption and to production, captures (i) how prices increase with importer and exporter per capita income, (ii) how the range of goods traded rises with importer and exporter size, and (iii) how products traveling longer distances have higher pric
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Fernandes, Ana, Peter Klenow, Sergii Meleshchuk, Martha Denisse Pierola, and Andres Rodriguez-Clare. "The Intensive Margin in Trade." IMF Working Papers 18, no. 259 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484386170.001.

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Effiong, M. O., and T. C. Akwo. "Structure, efficiency, and cost-benefit analysis of crayfish marketing in major markets in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria." ADAN Journal of Agriculture 6, no. 1 (2025): 20. https://doi.org/10.36108/adanja/5202.60.0130.

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This study examines the cost-benefit analysis and marketing efficiency of crayfish trade in three major markets in Calabar, Cross River State. Using a quantitative approach, the study analyzes marketing margins, gross margins, profitability, and efficiency metrics, particularly employing the Shepherd Futrel method to evaluate trade effectiveness across these markets. The study utilizes primary data collected from crayfish traders and market unions, incorporating cost structures, sales volumes, and price variations over a three-month period (January–March 2024). A comparative analysis of wholes
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade margin"

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Grabova, Oksana. "HETEROGENEOUS EFFECTS OF TRADE AGREEMENTS ON TRADE." OpenSIUC, 2021. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1901.

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Many studies consider the potential for preferential trade agreements (PTAs) to have differing effects on trade. Kohl (2014) and Baier et al. (2019) show that some PTA’s promote trade while the majority of PTAs have no significant effect. Some even lower trade. Why do these differing cases arise? One possibility is that the effects of trade agreements depend on specific provisions – provisions that differ across agreements. Another possibility is the potential for PTAs to impact trade differently depending on the presence of certain bilateral characteristics between trading nations such as phy
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Shepherd, Benjamin. "Development perspectives on trade growth at the extensive margin." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. https://spire.sciencespo.fr/notice/2441/5341.

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Dans cette thèse, nous examinons les liens entre commerce international et développement économique à travers le concept de marge extensive du commerce. L'on considère comme participant à la croissance de cette marge, l’apparition de nouveaux flux de commerce, qu’ils concernent la commercialisation d’un bien jusqu’ici non échangé ou la commercialisation de produits déjà échangés mais entre des pays n’en faisant pas le commerce auparavant. Les trois chapitres de cette thèse constituent l'une des premières tentatives d'analyse de ces questions se concentrant sur la situation des pays en développ
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KARATAS, MAZLUM. "Cultural Aspects of International Trade." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11566/305339.

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Questa tesi esamina come la prossimità culturale e le istituzioni culturali influenzano il commercio internazionale. Più in particolare, l'effetto della somiglianza religiosa sull'estensivo margine del commercio internazionale viene esaminato utilizzando l'eterogeneità del prodotto. Mentre un'istituzione culturale, l'Islamic banking, viene studiata in un sistema bancario duale per valutarne l'impatto sulla probabilità di esportazione sfruttando l'eterogeneità nei paesi di destinazione. Facendo riferimento all'eterogeneità in termini di quota della popolazione musulmana nella popolazione comple
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Bista, Rishav. "THREE ESSAYS ON THE ROLE OF EXTENSIVE AND INTENSIVE MARGIN IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/6.

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This dissertation consists of three essays that examine the impact of various trade policies on the extensive (new trading relationships) and intensive (increase in trade of existing relationships) margins of trade, whereas past studies have been limited to aggregate trade flows. An inquiry into the extensive and intensive margins of trade reveals that total aggregate trade masks the heterogeneous trade creating effect of policy variables. Furthermore, this dissertation also takes into account the econometric issues that have plagued the traditional empirical model that analyzes the impact of
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Horscroft, Virginia. "Negotiating on the margin : the political economy of trade policy in the Fiji Islands 1999-2005." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670001.

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Dari, Teurai Thirdgirl. "A critical assessment of Zimbabwe’s anti-dumping laws." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6826.

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Doctor Legum - LLD<br>Anti-dumping measures, safeguards and countervailing measures are trade remedies within the context of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). More specifically, the imposition of anti-dumping measures is a remedial measure, which may be evoked when dumped imports cause or threaten to cause injury to the domestic market. Article VI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) defines dumping as a situation where products of one country are introduced into the commerce of another country at less than the normal value of the products, and causes or threatens material in
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Rowsell, John. "Comparative analysis of cash margin hedging strategies with commodity futures contracts and options." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45914.

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<p>The performance of futures contracts and commodity options as hedging instruments were compared in a cash margin hedging framework for a 150 sow farrow to finish hog operation in southeastern Virginia. The expected cash margin (ECM) using corn soybean meal and hog futures were calculated daily from 1975 through 1982. The performance of options and futures were compared in 530 strategies that ranged from starit routine fixed margin hedging to strategies based on forecasted variable margins.</p><br>Master of Science
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Cheng-Fong, Luis, Ana Cruzalegui, Jose Rojas, and Carlos Raymundo. "Methodology for the digitalization of advertisement at the point of sale for gross margin increase in the traditional retail trade." International Institute of Informatics and Systemics, IIIS, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656359.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.<br>Retail trade modernization in Peru has displaced the traditional retailer as the first option when it comes to shopping. Supermarkets have grown 45% during the last four years and the new convenience stores gather all competitive advantages required by the sector. Industry has adapted to the new Peruvian in order to cover the needs generated by a digital age offering solutions that give timely information, comfort and modernity when acquiring a
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Buono, Inés. "Essays on trade integration and firm dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7381.

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This thesis deals with the integration of firms into export markets when trade barriers decrease. It consists in three chapters.<br/><br/>The first chapter focuses on how cross-industry differences in factor intensities and within-industry differences in firm productivity shape the response of the extensive (the decision to export) and the intensive (the exported volumes) margin of export. The context of the analysis is the entry of Turkey into the European Customs Union in 1996. Results suggest that the extensive margin reacted more in labor-intensive sectors.<br/><br/>In the second chapter w
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Knight, Russell Henry. "Export Taxes In Argentina: A Case Study." Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37121.

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With the recent agreement on a framework in the Doha Round for the WTO, trade liberalization is taking another step forward. Unfortunately, export taxes get overlooked as only five countries have this protectionist/rent seeking policy: Argentina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Russia and Ukraine (USDA FAS, 2004). However, the impact of these policies can be felt all over the world. The focus of the case study is on the differential export taxes (DET) placed on soybeans by the Government of Argentina and analyzing the impact of government intervention on trade. Argentina is the third-largest producer
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Books on the topic "Trade margin"

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Bergin, Paul R. Exchange rate regimes and the extensive margin of trade. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008.

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Kehoe, Timothy Jerome. How important is the new goods margin in international trade? Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2003.

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Markusen, James R. Expansion of trade at the extensive margin: A general gains-from-trade result and illustrative examples. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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Yergin, Daniel. The U.S. strategic petroleum reserve: Margin of security. Cambridge Energy Research Associates, 1990.

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Burdine, Kenny. Livestock gross margin dairy isurance: An assessment of risk management and potential supply impacts. United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2014.

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Kida, Katsuya. Japan's distribution structure and distribution costs: The relationship between the length of distribution channels and wholesale margin rates. Research Institute of International Trade and Industry, 1991.

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1963-, Bernard Andrew B., and London School of Economics and Political Science. Centre for Economic Performance., eds. The margins of US trade. Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, 2009.

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Ahmad, Khawaja Shabbir, ed. Food marketing margins in Pakistan: 1984/85 through 1990/91. Agribusiness Section, Economic Wing, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Co-operatives, in collabaration with the Economic and Policy Analysis Project, ASSP/USAID, 1993.

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Taeoe Kyŏngje Chŏngchʻaek Yŏnʼguwŏn (Korea), ed. Intra-industry trade between Japan and Korea: Vertical intra-industry trade, fragmentation and export margins. Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 2009.

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MacGregor, David R. The China bird: The history of Captain Killick, and the firm he founded - Killick Martin & Company. Conway Maritime Press, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trade margin"

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van Marion, Marcel. "Trade Rules and Struggle for Margin." In Contributions to Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00392-4_6.

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Laviolette, François, Mario Marchand, and Mohak Shah. "Margin-Sparsity Trade-Off for the Set Covering Machine." In Machine Learning: ECML 2005. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11564096_23.

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Felbermayr, Gabriel, and Wilhelm Kohler. "Does WTO Membership Make a Difference at the Extensive Margin of World Trade?" In Is the World Trade Organization Attractive Enough for Emerging Economies? Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230250826_9.

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Felbermayr, Gabriel, and Wilhelm Kohler. "Modelling the Extensive Margin of World Trade: New Evidence on GATT and WTO Membership." In The World Economy. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444343991.ch4.

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Hu, Junyan, Yun Liang, and Hao Chen. "A Study on the Influence of Digital Service Trade Barriers on the Dual Margin of Service Exports." In Advances in Computer Science Research. Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-504-1_12.

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Szende, Katalin, and Erika Szívós. "Markets and Trade on the Margins." In Cities and Economy in Europe. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003194606-1.

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Larsen, Martin M., Jens Søndergaard, Gert Asmund, Koen Parmentier, and Peter Vermaercke. "Trace Elements." In Chemical Marine Monitoring. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119990826.ch4.

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Middag, Rob, Rebecca Zitoun, and Tim Conway. "Trace Metals." In Marine Analytical Chemistry. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14486-8_3.

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Asche, Frank, Cathy A. Roheim, and Martin D. Smith. "Markets, Trade, and Seafood." In Coastal and Marine Environments. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429441004-27.

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Fridell, Gavin. "On the Margins of the Rising South: ALBA and Petrocaribe in the Caribbean." In Beyond Free Trade. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137412737_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trade margin"

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Stanko, Jason, James Coder, and Sven Schmitz. "Shape Optimization of Rotorcraft Airfoils Using a Genetic Algorithm." In Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12706.

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In this work, a genetic algorithm was implemented to perform an airfoil shape optimization with constraints applied to the airfoil cross-sectional area and pitching-moment coefficient. Constraints are enforced through the use of an augmented Lagrange penalty function. The design variables are formed through a class shape transformation approach with orthogonal, polynomial basis modes. The use of an orthogonal basis provides decreased levels of multicollinearity in higher-order design spaces, while still maintaining the completeness of lower-order spaces. The optimization methodology is demonst
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Ashok, Sylvester, Apinut Sirirojvisuth, and Andrew Smith. "Closing the Gap between Capability and Affordability for System Upgrades and Major-Modifications." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11342.

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The helicopter community and the US Army are constantly looking to expand the horizon of capability for future fleet. The Future Vertical Lift (FVL) program looks to use new technology, advanced materials, and designs to deliver a system that can fly faster, farther, carrying more payload, and that is more available, dependable, and affordable. Until FVL completely replaces the current fleet, the military will depend on block upgrades and some major modifications to existing fleet of Apaches, Black-Hawks, and Chinooks. The need to maintain military capabilities in the near team poses a signifi
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Peng, Lei, Yaohong Zhao, Yihua Qian, Qing Wang, Yifeng Zhao та Qiang Fu. "Highly sensitive photoacoustic spectroscopy for trace acetylene gas detection employing a 1.53-μm laser diode". У Third Conference on Space, Atmosphere, Marine, and Environmental Optics (SAME 2025), редактори Yue Yang, Shuo Shi та Dong Liu. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3071398.

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Akundi, Sahithi Srijana, Yuanxing Liu, Austin Braniff, et al. "Integrating Dynamic Risk Assessment with Explicit Model Predictive Control via Chance-Constrained Programming." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.176554.

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Maintaining operational efficiency while ensuring safety is a longstanding challenge in industrial process control, particularly in high-risk environments. This paper presents a novel Dynamic Risk-Informed Explicit Model Predictive Control (R-eMPC) framework that integrates safety and operational objectives using probabilistic constraints and real-time risk assessments. Unlike traditional approaches, this framework dynamically adjusts safety thresholds based on Bayesian updates, ensuring a balanced trade-off between reliability and efficiency. The validation of this approach is illustrated thr
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Ernst, Robert, and Ajay Sehgal. "MQ-8 Fire Scout Icing Solution Challenges." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11513.

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The MQ-8 (Fire Scout) is a vertical takeoff and landing unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operated by the U S Navy (USN) as an Intelligence, Search and Reconnaissance (ISR) platform operating in both sea and land based environments. In its current configuration, the standard operating procedure is for the air vehicle (AV) to avoid operations in known and forecasted icing conditions. The Navy and Marine Corps Multi-Mission Tactical Unmanned Air Systems Program (PMA-266) has launched a trade study to develop a system that will notify the operator well in advance of flying into an impending icing en
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Senkowski, E. Bud. "Corrosion: the Destructive Stowaway on Marine Vessels Determining the Cost-Benefit of Protective Marine Coating Systems." In SSPC 2015 Greencoat. SSPC, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2015-00056.

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Abstract Marine coating systems installed aboard commercial and military vessels are exposed to extremely aggressive environmental conditions during maritime operation. A key element in prolonging the useful life of any ship, both commercial and military, lies in the selection and installation of cost-effective corrosion control methods and materials at newbuild, followed by an effective painting and preservation program to minimize the corrosive effects of operating in a marine environment, extend the service life and maintenance requirements of the installed systems, and thereby reduce the t
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Lukic, Radojko. "Analysis of Trade Margins in Serbia." In 29th International Scientific Conference Strategic Management and Decision Support Systems in Strategic Management. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Economics in Subotica, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46541/978-86-7233-428-9_373.

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Research into the size and structure of the margin in trade is a continuous, relevant, and complex issue. Margin is one of the significant performance indicators of trade. In this study, starting from that, the size and structure of the trade margin of the European Union are analyzed, with special reference to Serbia. The research results show the following: In the trade of the European Union, the margin rate ranges from 7.02% ( Luxembourg) to 22.05% (Ireland). In the leading countries of the European Union, the trade margin rate is Germany at 15.15%, France at 16.48%, and Italy at 13.48%. In
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Akbulut, Gizem. "The Role of Extensive and Intensive Margins in Export Growth of Turkey to Central and Eastern European Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01643.

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In the recent years, Central and Eastern Europe Countries-10 (CEEC-10) countries are implementing policies for developing in international trade relations and these countries are relatively small and open economies. On the other hand, they increase both provide a dynamic increase in exports and export market share, to facilitate the European Union (EU) and their activities to integrate into world trade.&#x0D; The purpose of this study, with CEEC-10 of Turkey’s sectoral export growth rates decomposes into extensive and intensive margins. Also intensive margin decomposes into price and quantity
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Qing, Ding, and Liu Yucan. "Impact of the Introduction of Securities Margin Trade on Stock Abnormal Returns." In 2013 Sixth International Conference on Business Intelligence and Financial Engineering (BIFE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bife.2013.60.

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Nail, C., G. Molas, P. Blaise, et al. "Understanding RRAM endurance, retention and window margin trade-off using experimental results and simulations." In 2016 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iedm.2016.7838346.

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Reports on the topic "Trade margin"

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Fernandes, Ana M., Peter J. Klenow, Sergii Meleshchuk, Martha Denisse Pierola, and Andrés Rodríguez-Clare. The Intensive Margin in Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0001612.

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Fernandes, Ana, Peter Klenow, Sergii Meleshchuk, Denisse Pierola, and Andrés Rodríguez-Clare. The Intensive Margin in Trade. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25195.

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Hsieh, Chang-Tai, Nicholas Li, Ralph Ossa, and Mu-Jeung Yang. Gains from Trade with Flexible Extensive Margin Adjustment. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22069.

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Bergin, Paul, and Ching-Yi Lin. Exchange Rate Regimes and the Extensive Margin of Trade. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14126.

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Markusen, James. Expansion of Trade at the Extensive Margin: A General Gains-from-Trade Result and Illustrative Examples. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15926.

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Arkolakis, Costas. Market Penetration Costs and the New Consumers Margin in International Trade. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14214.

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Volpe Martincus, Christian, Antoni Estevadeordal, Andrés Gallo, and Jessica Luna. Information Barriers, Export Promotion Institutions, and the Extensive Margin of Trade. Inter-American Development Bank, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011219.

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This paper assesses role played by export promotion institutions in shaping the extensive margin of Latin American and Caribbean countries' exports over the period 1995-2004. The authors find that the presence of offices of export promotion agencies abroad favors an increase in the number of differentiated goods that are exported, whereas a larger number of diplomatic representations in the importer countries seem to be associated with exports of a larger number of homogeneous goods.
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Reimer, Jeff, and Thomas Hertel. International Cross Section Estimates of Demand for Use in the GTAP Model. GTAP Working Paper, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp22.

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The making of projections often requires an economy-wide perspective, and the estimation of consumer demands at the international level. In this paper, an implicit, directly additive demand system (AIDADS) is estimated using cross-country data on consumer expenditures from the International Comparison Program (ICP), and then from Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) data. The two data sets are found to produce results that are quite consistent despite their differing origins, and the fact that the former is based on consumer goods that embody wholesale/retail margins, while margin demands are
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Reimer, Jeff, and Thomas Hertel. International Cross Section Estimates of Demand for Use in the GTAP Model. GTAP Technical Paper, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.tp23.

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The making of projections often requires an economy-wide perspective, and the estimation of consumer demands at the international level. In this paper, an implicit, directly additive demand system (AIDADS) is estimated using cross-country data on consumer expenditures from the International Comparison Program (ICP), and then from Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) data. The two data sets are found to produce results that are quite consistent despite their differing origins, and the fact that the former is based on consumer goods that embody wholesale/retail margins, while margin demands are
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Graziano, Alejandro, Georg Schaur, Christian Volpe Martincus, and Jerónimo Carballo. The Border Labyrinth: Information Technologies and Trade in the Presence of Multiple Agencies. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011744.

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Firms selling products abroad usually have to interact with several borderagencies that develop multiple trade regulations and oversee their compliance. These regulations establish the procedures that these firms have to follow and the documents that they have to obtain, fill in, and submit for their exports to be authorized. In this paper, we estimate the effects of introducing information technologies as a new means to complete such traderelated procedures. In particular, we use highly disaggregated firm-level export data from Costa Rica over the period 2007-2013 and exploit the gradual phas
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