Academic literature on the topic 'Trade outside'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trade outside"
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Stoll, Hans R., and Christoph Schenzler. "Trades outside the quotes: Reporting delay, trading option, or trade size?" Journal of Financial Economics 79, no. 3 (2006): 615–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.03.006.
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Holmes, Peter. "Global Monopolies: No Longer Outside Trade Rules?" Business Strategy Review 6, no. 3 (1995): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8616.1995.tb00099.x.
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Chen, Ying-Ju. "Risk–incentives trade-off and outside options." OR Spectrum 35, no. 4 (2012): 937–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00291-012-0309-0.
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Lei, Qin, Murli Rajan, and Xuewu Wang. "Can traders beat the market? Evidence from insider trades." China Finance Review International 4, no. 3 (2014): 243–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cfri-02-2014-0006.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how insiders’ trades are executed and whether and how outside investors can mimic outperforming insiders and reap substantial portfolio returns that withstand the erosion from adjustments for both the standard factors and stock characteristics in the asset pricing literature. Design/methodology/approach – The authors design a metric for measuring insiders’ trade execution quality: the trading alpha. The authors run regression analysis to control for trade difficulty, insider reputations and the corporate role ranks of insiders and document the existence of the abnormal trading alpha. The authors further form portfolios based on the abnormal trading alpha and document a significant abnormal return that is robust to both standard asset pricing factors model and the stock characteristics adjustments. Findings – Outperforming insiders at the aggregate level resemble value investors who trade on long-term fundamental information, trade patiently and earn rents from providing liquidity. Outside investors can mimic the outperforming insiders and reap significant abnormal portfolio returns. Research limitations/implications – Data limitations on insider trades and their association/interaction with their brokers prevent us from having a conclusive investigation of the trading skill hypothesis. The authors hope to further research along the lines of the trading skill hypothesis as compared to investment style hypothesis with more detailed data about the brokers used by insiders. Practical implications – The findings can be applied for money management profession in that outsider investors can monitor the trading execution and construct portfolios based on the adjusted abnormal trading alpha. The resulting portfolio has been documented to be highly profitable after risk adjustments using standard asset pricing factors as well as stock characteristics. Social implications – Professional money managers and outsider investors should be able to benefit from the findings in this paper and use the proposed trading alpha metric to construct and rebalance real-time investment portfolios. Originality/value – Outperforming insiders at the aggregate level resemble value investors who act on long-term fundamental information, trade patiently and earn rents from providing liquidity. From the perspective of investment implications, outside investors can mimic the outperforming insiders and reap substantial portfolio returns that withstand the erosion from adjustments for both the standard factors and stock characteristics in the asset pricing literature.
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Martins, Fernanda de Castro Brandão. "hegemon’s outside option: mega-regional trade agreements and United States trade policy." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 8, no. 1 (2019): 142–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2019.v8n1.08.p142.
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The United States is facing growing challenges to the advancement of its interests in the World Trade Organization. The assertiveness of emerging countries in advancing their interests in the Doha Round made the achievement of a deal almost impossible. Slow progress is being made (the Trade Facilitation Agreement, for example), but no broad and significant trade deal has been reached so far. There are ongoing suggestions that the Doha round should be abandoned for good. The TPP and TTIP represented two shots the United States has taken to advance its trade interests outside the scope of the WTO, escaping possible challenges imposed by emerging countries. The irony behind this is that the trade regime in force was created by the United States at the height of its hegemony. The questions driving this paper are: Is this option for trade agreements related to American hegemonic decline? And to what extent does this option weaken the weaken the multilateral trade regime embodied in the WTO? There is a brief discussion about the future of this strategy under Trump’s presidency, who has a different stance regarding regional trade agreements.
 
 
 Recebido em: maio/2018.Aprovado em: janeiro/2019.
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Afontsev, S. "Trade Liberalization and Trade Balance." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 7 (July 20, 2005): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-7-19-36.
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The paper estimates the impact of import tariffs on Russia's trade balance. Empirical model analyzes Russian trade by industries and partner countries, taking into account import tariffs on both industrial output and intermediate goods. It is shown that the aggregate impact of import duties on trade balance is negative in all industries outside the fuel and energy sector. Decrease in import tariffs is likely to improve market positions of Russian non-fuel exports, especially in such industries as machine building and metal works, agriculture and forestry, chemistry and light industry.
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Boisson de Chazournes, Laurence. "WTO and Non-Trade Issues: Inside/Outside WTO." Journal of International Economic Law 19, no. 2 (2016): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgw029.
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Lohi, Julie. "The Implications of HO and IRS Theories in Bilateral Trade Flows within Sub-Saharan Africa." Global Economy Journal 13, no. 2 (2013): 175–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2012-0020.
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Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries tend to trade less among themselves. This article analyzes the driving forces of bilateral trades within the SSA region. To do so, I use the gravity equations from Evenett and Keller (2002) and study what trade theories, the Heckscher–Ohlin theory of factor abundance or the increasing return to scale theory of product differentiation, account for the bilateral trade flows within this region. My results indicate that trades within this region do not arise from factor abundance or product differentiation. Trade policies that are aimed to promote trade within the region (i.e. FTA, custom unions) are likely to fail, because SSA countries produce similar homogeneous products. The key factor for economic success from international trade for the SSA region relies on how to manufacture products in different varieties and how to export their comparative advantage goods outside the region.
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Nam, Yoonsung, Tae-Joong Kim, and Wonyong Choi. "The moderating effect of international trade on outside director system in Korean firms." Journal of Korea Trade 23, no. 1 (2019): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-05-2018-0038.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effect of international trade on outside director system in Korean firms. The authors expected that Korean firms highly depending on international trade would mitigate the resource provision function of outside director system in order to reduce information asymmetry among global business partners. In addition, the authors tried to find out the functions of outside director system: the control function based on agency theory and resource provision function based on resource dependence theory. Design/methodology/approach The authors tested the hypotheses by Poisson regression with 2011 and 2002 Korean-listed manufacturing firms. The dependent variable is the number of excessively appointed outside directors and independent variable is CEO type: family CEO or professional CEO. The moderating variable is the dependency on international trade measured by export proportion out of total sales. Findings The authors found that not control but resource provision function was a main role of outside director system in Korean firms. The authors also found negative moderating effect of dependency on international trade, which means that firms highly depending on global market tended to consider outside director system as control function, namely “global standard.” Originality/value This paper is the leading study that tries to analyze empirically the relationship between international trade and the function of governance mechanism; outside director system in Korean firms. It also confirms that Korean firms adopted outside director system on the basis of the resource dependence theory.
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Ahmad Khan, Sabaa. "Clearly Hazardous, Obscurely Regulated: Lessons from the Basel Convention on Waste Trade." AJIL Unbound 114 (2020): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2020.38.
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As an internationally-traded commodity, plastic waste has long followed the profitability dynamics of the global waste and recycling market, leaving in its trace a disproportionate environmental and health burden on the world's most vulnerable populations. East Asian and Pacific countries, where most globally generated plastic waste has been exported since the late 1980s, are marked by underdeveloped, inefficient, or non-existent waste management infrastructures. Despite the highly visible environmental and human health impacts of plastic pollution, the global plastic waste trade has predominantly operated outside the scope of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal. In 2019, however, this treaty was amended to explicitly bring all but a narrow stream of plastic waste within the category of wastes controlled as “hazardous waste,” or “waste requiring special consideration.” This essay explains the international legal implications of the amendment and discusses potential challenges related to its implementation and enforcement. It argues that in order to be effective, the new plastic waste trading rules will require further legal clarity, greater transparency in plastic waste trade that is not regulated under the Convention, and stronger law enforcement cooperation between customs and environmental protection authorities, both within and between countries. Since controlling all plastic waste trade at point of export is, in practice, impossible given the state of global shipping infrastructures and container traffic volume, the most effective approach to curbing plastic waste pollution and illegal trade lies outside the mandate of the Basel Convention, notably, in assigning financial and environmental responsibility for plastic waste within plastic product supply chains.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade outside"
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Sjödin, Ulrika. "Insiders’ outside/Outsiders’ inside : Rethinking the insider regulation." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-944.
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<p>Financial speculation has increased dramatically over the last 30 years. This means that a practice that used to be viewed as immoral <i>gambling</i> has become legitimate financial <i>trade</i>. This book explores the<i> genealogy</i> of the coexisting<i> insider trading laws</i>. The insider regulation prohibits trade based on privileged information in order to create equal trading conditions, and in this way uphold confidence in the financial markets among the general public. However, this study shows that the existing view of the insider regulation is <i>misleading</i> and that the regulation is best understood as a <i>game rule</i> aiming to <i>stimulate</i> financial speculation. The protection interest is therefore not primarily the general public, but the financial system as such: the professional market actors sustaining the speculative activities and a growing financial sector. </p><p>The consequence of stimulating financial speculation is that today’s authorities are attempting to make the financial markets into a lotto-like game, rather than a market for long-term investment. To make the financial markets into liquid and volatile public “games” means that the <i>risks</i> involved in the financial speculation are created by the human hand and the economic system<i> itself</i> rather than being naturally given. This places <i>desire</i> rather than rational <i>needs</i> as the fundamental ground of the economy. The concluding question is; why are we making our economy into a game? </p>
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Soto, Naranjo Davide. "International trade and energy: possible contributions from outside the WTO." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114615.
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This work aims to contribute to the debate about the relationship between International Trade Law and the Energy Sector and proposes a way ahead. Energy availability has become increasingly a crucial factor for the economic development of countries. Despite its importance, the International Trade System is not provided with specific rules addressing energy. Within other international regulatory frameworks - such as the Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union, among others – energy is addressed more specifically. This work suggests that the Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union can serve as templates or models for the GATT/WTO, should new energy rules, or a General Agreement on Trade in Energy be negotiated in the future. In the present work, some relevant elements of energy regulation under the Energy Charter Treaty and the European Union are addressed, and their possible application to the GATT/WTO is also discussed. Consequently the GATT/WTO negotiators should consider referring to the EU and ECT regulation of energy and mould new GATT/WTO energy rules form them.<br>Cette recherche vise à apporter une contribution au débat sur la relation entre le droit commercial international et le secteur de l'énergie et propose une avancée. L'accès aux ressources énergétiques devient de plus en plus un facteur important pour le développement économique des États. Malgré cette portée, le système commercial international ne prévoit pas de règles spécifiques relatives à l'énergie. En revanche, d'autres systèmes internationaux – tels que, entre autres, le Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie et l'Union européenne – abordent la question de l'énergie directement. Cette recherche suggère que le Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie et l'Union européenne peuvent être utilisés comme modèles pour le GATT/OMC dans l'optique de futures négociations portant sur des nouvelles normes dans le secteur énergétique, voire sur l'adoption d'un Accord général sur le commerce de l'énergie (General Agreement on Trade in Energy). Ainsi, les négociateurs du GATT/OMC devraient envisager de se référer aux bases offertes par les normes du secteur énergétique du Traité sur la Charte de l'énergie et de l'Union européenne pour façonner les nouveaux instruments de réglementation de l'énergie au niveau multilatéral.
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Schellhas, Hans. "The Designer as an Agent for Social Change: Creating an Alternative Communications Model Outside of the Marketplace of Private Media Ownership." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186772616.
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Moonitz, Allison B. "“An Experience Outside of Culture”: A Taxonomy of 9/11 Adult Fiction." Thesis, School of Information and Library Science, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1901/247.
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Serving as an unfortunate benchmark for the twenty-first century, 9/11 has completely altered society’s perceptions of personal safety, security and social identity, along with provoking intense emotional reactions. One outlet for these resulting emotions has been through art and literature. Five years have since passed and contemporary authors are still struggling to accurately represent that tragic day and its consequent impression. This paper provides an analysis of how the events of 9/11 have been incorporated into adult fiction. Variations of themes related to psychology, interpersonal relationships, political and social perspectives, and heroism were found to be used most frequently among authors.
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Fleury, Fernando Leme. "Investimentos em infraestrutura como instrumento de política industrial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-27032009-113110/.
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As mudanças na eficiência relativa de setores produtivos ao longo do tempo direcionam a reorganização de atividades econômicas entre países desenvolvidos e emergentes. Essas mudanças resultam de dois movimentos complementares. Primeiro, o desenvolvimento setorial autônomo, decorrente da combinação de acumulação de capital físico e humano, eficiência transacional e curva de aprendizagem. O segundo movimento refere-se a choques exógenos, produzidos por inovações tecnológicas ou por intervenções autônomas do setor público. Tais intervenções, que alteram de forma planejada a dinâmica das trajetórias setoriais, são denominadas de política industrial. Por sua importância para o crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico, constituem o objeto de análise deste trabalho. A análise de investimentos em infraestrutura como instrumento de política industrial é desenvolvida em três etapas. Na primeira etapa propomos a estruturação de um modelo de organização epistemológica em política industrial a partir das relações instrumentoobjetivo. Com base na sistematização das principais linhas de pesquisa, utilizamos este modelo para estabelecer a vinculação normativa entre investimentos em infraestrutura e instrumentos de política industrial. Em complemento, o modelo permite posicionar a metodologia de pesquisa por meio da combinação entre modelos teóricos positivos e testes econométricos. Na segunda etapa desenvolvemos o vínculo teórico, fundamentado em um arcabouço hipotético-dedutivo, para estabelecer as condições nas quais investimentos em infraestrutura influenciam as trajetórias de crescimento e de comércio exterior de diferentes setores. Este arcabouço combina duas categorias de modelos. Seguindo a metodologia de Aschauer (1989), utilizamos variações de modelos de crescimento de Solow (1956), considerando investimentos em infraestrutura tanto como acúmulo de capital quanto como choque tecnológico, para avaliar seus impactos sobre dinâmicas setoriais. Combinamos esses modelos com os de Frankel e Romer (1999) para avaliar esses investimentos sob a ótica teórica do comércio internacional, desta forma criando o vínculo entre investimentos em infraestrutura e competitividade setorial. A terceira etapa estabelece o vínculo empírico entre investimentos em infraestrutura e objetivos da política industrial, testando as predições teóricas por meio de diferentes especificações de modelos de dados em painel aplicados a uma amostra de 85 países no período de 1960 a 2005. No plano do crescimento econômico, a produção per capita em diferentes setores é regredida em relação a investimentos em infraestrutura, mediante o uso de variáveis de controle tradicionais. No plano do comércio internacional, a variável dependente é a participação setorial na balança comercial; no plano tecnológico, a variável dependente é a produtividade do trabalho; e no plano social, a variável dependente é a equidade na distribuição de renda. Os testes empíricos indicam que investimentos em infraestrutura produzem um impacto positivo e estatisticamente relevante no crescimento de longo prazo do produto interno per capita, especialmente em economias em desenvolvimento. Avaliando setorialmente os resultados, esses investimentos geram aceleração expressiva e robusta no setor de serviços e menor aceleração no setor industrial. No setor agrícola, investimentos em infraestrutura auxiliam na sustentação do padrão histórico de crescimento. No plano tecnológico, investimentos em infraestrutura apresentaram efeitos expressivos sobre a produtividade marginal do trabalho na indústria, efeitos menores sobre a produtividade marginal do trabalho no setor de serviços, não indicando efeitos sobre a produtividade marginal do setor agrícola. Dentre os segmentos que compõem o setor de infraestrutura, verificamos que as telecomunicações atuam mais fortemente como instrumento indutor de crescimento econômico, indicando que esse segmento representa um instrumento de política industrial. Não foram encontradas evidências de que os segmentos de rodovias e geração de energia elétrica exerçam o mesmo papel do setor de telecomunicações. No plano do comércio internacional, os investimentos em infraestrutura não se mostraram relevantes na identificação de tendências de longo prazo. No plano social, investimentos em infraestrutura apresentaram efeitos relevantes na redução das desigualdades de renda. A composição das três etapas normativa, teórica e empírica, sugere que investimentos em infraestrutura podem produzir resultados relevantes de acordo com os objetivos propostos pela política econômica, materializando-se em importante instrumento a ser considerado no âmbito da administração pública.<br>The changes in the relative efficiency of economic sectors are drivers of the redistribution of economic activities between developing and developed countries. These changes are the result of two complementary factors. The first factor is the autonomous development of industry efficiency as a result of physical and human capital accumulation, transactional efficiency and learning curve. The second factor accounts for exogenous impacts produced by disruptive technologies and, mainly, by public sector interventions. Those interventions are, in a broad sense, denominated industrial policy and constitute the focus of the research. Such interventions, that change in a planned manner the dynamics of the sectors, are called industrial policy. For their importance for growth and economic development, they constitute the focus of this work. The analysis of investments in infrastructure as a tool of industrial policy is developed in three stages. In the first stage we structure an epistemological model of organization in industrial policy from the instrument-objectives relationships. Based on the systematization of the main fields of research, we use this model to establish the normative link between investments in infrastructure and industrial policy instruments. In addition, the model allows positioning the research methodology through the combination of positive models and generalizable empirical tests. In the second stage we develop the theoretical link, based on a hypothetical-deductive framework in order to establish the conditions under which investments in infrastructure affect the growth and foreign trade trajectories in different sectors. This framework combines two categories of models. Following the methodology of Aschauer (1989), we use variations of models of growth of Solow (1956), considering investments in infrastructure as much as accumulation of capital and technological shocks to assess its impacts on sectors dynamics. Further, we combine this effort with models by Frankel and Romer (1999) to evaluate these investments from the perspective of international trade theory, thus creating the link between investments in infrastructure and sector competitiveness. The third stage provides the empirical link between investments in infrastructure and industrial policy objectives, testing the theoretical predictions by using different specifications of data panel models applied to a sample of 85 countries covering period from 1960 to 2005. In terms of economic growth, the per capita production in different sectors is regressed against investments in infrastructure, using traditional control variables. In terms of international trade, the dependent variable used in the model is the participation of each sector in trade balance of a country. On the technological framework, the dependent variable is labor productivity and finally, the social objectives are tested using the fairness in the income distribution as the dependent variable. The empirical tests suggest that the infrastructure projects have a positive and statistically significant impact on long-term growth of GDP per capita, what is especially relevant for developing economies. Evaluating the results for different sectors, these investments generate significant and robust acceleration in the services sector and smaller acceleration in the industrial sector. In agriculture, investments in infrastructure help support the historical growth pattern. Considering technology, investment in infrastructure had significant effects on the marginal productivity of labor in industry, weaker effects on the labor marginal productivity in the service sector and indicated no effects on the labor marginal productivity of the agricultural sector. Among the components of the infrastructure sector, telecommunications act more strongly as an inducer of economic growth, indicating that this is an instrument of industrial policy. In terms of international trade, investments in infrastructure were not relevant to identify long run trends. In the social framework, investment in infrastructure had relevant effects in reducing income inequalities. The composition of the three stages - normative, theoretical and empirical, suggests that investments in infrastructure can produce relevant results, according to the objectives proposed by the economic policy. Investments in infrastructure can also be materialized in an important public policy instrument.
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Cartaya, Jorge E. "Listening/Reading for Disremembered Voices: Additive Archival Representation and the Zong Massacre of 1781." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3187.
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This thesis grapples with questions surrounding representation, mourning, and responsibility in relation to two literary representations of the ZONG massacre of 1781. These texts are M. NourbeSe Philip’s ZONG! and Fred D’Aguiar’s FEEDING THE GHOSTS. The only extant archival document—a record of the insurance dispute which ensued as a consequence of the massacre—does not represent the drowned as victims, nor can it represent the magnitude of the atrocity. As such, this thesis posits that the archival gaps or silences from which the captives’ voices are missing become spaces of possibility for additive representation. This thesis also examines the role voice and sound play in these literary texts and the deconstructive-ethical philosophies of Jean-Luc Nancy and Jacques Derrida. This thesis argues that these texts invoke the sonic materiality of voice in the service of responding to the disremembered dead through mourning and acknowledgment.
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Bowditch, Elizabeth Cluverius. "Opening to the outside world the political economy of trade and foreign investment in the People's Republic of China /." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40796795.html.
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Zuma, Nkosinathi Godfrey. ""Contingent organisation" on the East Rand : new labour formations organising outside of trade unions, CWAO and the workers' Solidarity Committee." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22795.
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Research report for the degree of Master of Arts in Industrial Sociology, submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg<br>This research paper studied the recent labour unrest in the East Rand as there has been a rise in the number of marches and demonstrations led by the precarious workers to several workplaces. [No abstract provided. Information taken from introduction]<br>2017
Books on the topic "Trade outside"
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Li, Huaxia. Communist China's opening to the outside world: A trade structure perspective. World Anti-Communist League, China Chapter, 1987.
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Communist China's opening to the outside world: A trade structure perspective. World Anti-Communist League, China Chapter, 1987.
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van Kooten, G. Cornelis, and Linda Voss, eds. International trade in forest products: lumber trade disputes, models and examples. CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789248234.0000.
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Abstract Because of the long-standing Canada-United States lumber trade dispute and the current pressure on the world's forests as a renewable energy source, much attention has been directed toward the modelling of international trade in wood products. Two types of trade models are described in this book: one is rooted in economic theory and mathematical programming, and the other consists of two econometric/statistical models--a gravity model rooted in theory and an approach known as GVAR that relies on time series analyses. The purpose of the book is to provide the background theory behind models and enable readers to easily construct their own models to analyze policy questions, whether in forestry or another sector. Examples in the book illustrate how models can be used to say something about a variety of issues, including identification of the gains and losses to various players in the North American softwood lumber business, and the potential for redirecting sales of lumber to countries outside the United States. The discussion is expanded to include other products besides lumber, and used to examine, for example, the effects of log export restrictions by one naton on all other forestry jurisdictions, the impacts of climate policies as they relate to the global forest sector, and the impact of oil prices on forest product markets throughout the world.
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Bowditch, Elizabeth Cluverius. Opening to the outside world: The political economy of trade and foreign investment in the People's Republic of China. University Microfilms, 1998.
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Overseas Trade Statistics: United Kingdom Trade With Countries Outside the European Union. Stationery Office, 2006.
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Overseas Trade Statistics: United Kingdom Trade With Countries Outside the European Union. Stationery Office, 2006.
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Overseas Trade Statistics: United Kingdom Trade With Countries Outside the European Union. Stationery Office, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Trade outside"
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Hong, Ng Sek, and Malcolm Warner. "Outside the Mainland: Trade Unions and Management in Three Overseas Chinese Societies." In China's Trade Unions and Management. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377660_7.
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Dubey, Pradeep, and John Geanakoplos. "Inside and outside fiat money, gains to trade, and IS-LM." In Studies in Economic Theory. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05858-9_10.
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Faniel, Jean. "Inside or Outside Trade Unions? The Mobilization of the Unemployed in Belgium." In The Mobilization of the Unemployed in Europe. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137011862_4.
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Gheyle, Niels, and Ferdi De Ville. "Outside Lobbying and the Politicization of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership." In Lobbying in the European Union. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98800-9_24.
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Solow, Robert M. "Insiders and Outsiders in Wage Determination." In Trade Unions, Wage Formation and Macroeconomic Stability. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08596-5_18.
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"Lobbying over Trade Policy." In Outside Lobbying. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv173f02b.11.
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Leshkowich, Ann Marie. "Inside and Outside." In Essential Trade. University of Hawai'i Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21313/hawaii/9780824839901.003.0005.
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"6. Lobbying over Trade Policy." In Outside Lobbying. Princeton University Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780691221472-009.
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Winters, L. Alan. "THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION MODEL." In Outside the EU. Agenda Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16qjx9d.15.
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Hübner, Kurt. "CANADA AND THE COMPREHENSIVE AND ECONOMIC TRADE AGREEMENT." In Outside the EU. Agenda Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv16qjx9d.14.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Trade outside"
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Kelman, Guy, David S. Bree, Eran Manes, Marco Lamieri, Natasa Golo, and Sorin Solomon. "Dissortative from the Outside, Assortative from the Inside: Social Structure and Behavior in the Industrial Trade Network." In 2015 48th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2015.194.
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Makrevska Disoska, Elena, Irena Kikerkova, and Katerina Toshevska- Trpchevska. "COVID-19 CHALLENGES FOR EU EXTRA AND INTRA-REGIONAL TRADE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0011.
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The current COVID-19 crisis will take a severe toll upon the world and the EU economy. Exports and imports between member-states account for around 30.6% of EU GDP (average value for the period 2007-2018) and some EU economies are particularly exposed to the crisis due to their strong trade and value chain linkages. The trade with the rest of the world also decreased by mid-March 2020, and Rotterdam’s traffic from China fell for 20% compared to the same period in 2019. This paper estimates the different impact of the intra- EU trade and extra-EU trade on EU GDP growth. By separating extra-EU trade flows from intra-EU trade flows and using cross-section fixed method, panel least squares for the period 2008-2018, we obtained results that confirm that trade exchange within EU has significantly higher effect on per capita economic growth in comparison with trade exchange with countries outside the EU (taking in consideration the sample of EU-27 countries, excluding Great Britain).The findings prove that the current measures proposed by the EU institutions are essential for sustaining the function of the Internal Market and for EU growth prospects. Despite all efforts to remain united against the rising global challenges under the COVID-19 crisis, the Union is growing further apart. The member-states are imposing restrains on the internal trade flows thus jeopardizing the achieved positive effects of trade liberalization. It is certain that the financial crisis from 2008 caused increased Euro scepticism. Therefore differences in national views and priorities must be taken into account in order to reach a democratic compromise within the EU that is going to be both effective and legitimate in order to confront the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemics. The solidarity among member-states is challenged once again.
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Yurttançıkmaz, Ziya Çağlar, Selahattin Sarı, Çağatay Karaköy, and Ömer Selçuk Emsen. "The Foreign Trade of Uzbekistan Economy and Its Competitiveness Power." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c10.02136.
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Uzbekistan, one of the highest population density and historically most influential countries in the Central Asian countries, has gained political independence in 1991. Among the transition economies during the post-independence period, it is noteworthy that Uzbekistan was the reformist country at the outset, however the most striking feature is the stagnation of reforms in the ongoing time frame. In this context, incorporation into the world economy, there has been a rapid growth in foreign trade with border countries, in particularly Russia, China and Turkey. In the study, Uzbekistan's foreign trade was examined for the period of 1995-2016, and with using Balassa index, which goods groups were superior and which were weaker were researched. In the analysis according to SITC Rev.3, Uzbekistan's competitive power against its natural resource rich neighbors like Russia and Kazakhstan is weaker outside a few sectors; whereas the need for natural resources such as Turkey and China were found to be high across the high country of the competitiveness. This indicates that a competitive power based on natural resources has developed in the country's economy. In other words, it is observed that Uzbekistan has remained its competitive power based on natural resources in general and has also made a breakthrough in various processed goods and chemical sectors recent years. It can be said that this last development will contribute to the development of the emphasis on supporting policy implementations.
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Sarı, Yaşar. "Kyrgyzstan’s Relations with International Financial Organizations: Curse or Curve?" In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c02.00358.
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Kyrgyzstan since the collapse of Soviet Union went to the transition path and while it is argued that it succeeded at some points, levels or degree. It is certainly that major obstacles to the successful transition are not overcome. First of all it was necessary to get out of Russian dominated economy since it was itself declining. Kyrgyzstan was the first former Soviet republics left Russian ruble zone and accepted its own currency, som in 1993. Moreover, it is also the first former Soviet republics entered to World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1998.
 Second, finding new trade partners and external markets was a challenge. Kyrgyz governments wanted to go outside for two reasons: trading with outsiders at time of economic downturn in CIS was rise profitable and trading with outsiders would be a manifestation of their independence and sovereignty.
 It is obvious that since the independence Kyrgyzstan still serves as supply of raw material such as Kyrgyzstan’s primary budget income is still composed from natural resources (gold export). The Kyrgyz Republic is also classified as a low-income country with high debt vulnerability, due to these characteristics it is eligible to receive a significant level of grant from international financial organization, like World Bank. 
 In this paper, Kyrgyzstan’s relations with the International Financial Organizations will divide three stages: Romantic years in 1990s, Debate on Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative in 2000s, and the last one, after HIPC and Revolution in 2010.
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Nüesch, Sandro P., and Anna G. Stefanopoulou. "Is it Economical to Ignore the Driver? A Case Study on Multimode Combustion." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9875.
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Ignoring the driver’s torque command can be beneficial for fuel economy, especially if it leads to extended residence time at efficient operating conditions. We answered this question for a particular engine, which allows mode switches between spark ignition (SI) and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion. When operating such a multimode combustion engine it might be required to defer a load command outside the feasible regime of one combustion mode until a mode switch is accomplished. The resulting delays in engine torque response might negatively affect vehicle performance and drivability. In this paper a longitudinal vehicle model is presented, which incorporates dynamics associated with SI/HCCI mode switching. Two exemplary supervisory control strategies were evaluated in terms of fuel economy and torque behavior. It was seen that the duration of a mode switch may be short enough to avoid substantial impairment in torque response. This in turn would lead to the opportunity of purposefully ignoring the driver command. Thereby, the residence time in the beneficial HCCI combustion regime is prolonged and fuel-expensive mode switching avoided. The result is a trade-off between torque deviation and improvements in fuel economy. Finally, based on this trade-off the supervisory control strategy relying on a short-term prediction of engine load was seen to achieve similar fuel economy with slightly improved torque response than a strategy without prediction.
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Hendron, Robert, Sara Farrar-Nagy, Ren Anderson, Paul Reeves, and Ed Hancock. "Thermal Performance of Unvented Attics in Hot-Dry Climates: Results From Building America." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44070.
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As unvented attics have become a more common design feature implemented by Building America partners in hot-dry climates of the United States, more attention has been focused on how this approach affects heating and cooling energy consumption. By eliminating the ridge and eave vents that circulate outside air through the attic in most new houses and by moving the insulation from the attic floor to the underside of the roof, an unvented attic becomes a semiconditioned space, creating a more benign environment for space conditioning ducts. An energy trade-off is made, however, because the additional surface area (and perhaps reduced insulation thickness) increases the building loss coefficient. Other advantages and disadvantages, unrelated to energy, must also be considered. This paper addresses the energy-related effects of unvented attics in hot-dry climates based on field testing and analysis conducted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
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Alfani, Dario, Marco Astolfi, Marco Binotti, Stefano Campanari, Francesco Casella, and Paolo Silva. "Multi Objective Optimization of Flexible Supercritical CO2 Coal-Fired Power Plants." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-91789.
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Abstract Coal-fired power plants play a major role in large scale power generation by producing about 41% and 25% of the electricity in the world and in the EU, respectively. In the context of EU’s climate and energy policy (EU Reference Scenario 2016) and with a view to decarbonizing the electricity sector, the share of non-programmable renewable energies will soar in future years both in and outside the EU. As result, the role of fossil-fuel plants including coal-fired plants is expected to evolve, leading to a paradigm shift for their design and operation, which will move from constant base-load operation to increasingly variable power production for the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources. In the present work, developed within the EU project sCO2-Flex, the design and analysis of a coal-fired plant implementing a 100 MWel recompressed sCO2 power cycle is assessed, with particular focus on the trade-off between system performance and flexibility. The effects of the different design assumptions on the overall components’ sizing and system performance are investigated and a methodology to quantify the thermal inertia and the system flexibility based on the calculation of heat exchangers surfaces, volumes and masses (boiler tube walls and convective pass, recuperators and gas cooler heat rejection unit) is then presented. Finally, the cycle optimization is repeated with the aim to find the optimal trade-off between plant efficiency and thermal inertia, eventually providing a number of promising designs for next generation sCO2 fossil fuel power plants.
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Şirin, Bayram, and Hakan Emanet. "Analysis of Logistics Performances of Central Asian Turkish Republics within the Context of Logistics Performance Index." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.01982.
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Along with the rapidly developing industrialization and technology, companies have moved to markets outside the regions they usually serve and have tried to supply different regions of the world. This trend has been increasing day by day and the world has transformed into a single market. With this globalization process, the trade volume between the countries and the continents has reached unprecedented numbers which has directly affected the logistics industry. It is a challenging process to move such a large volume of goods between countries and continents safely and quickly. It also significantly affects the cost of doing business. For these reasons, logistics processes need to be managed efficiently and effectively which in turn ensures competitive advantage. Thus, logistics process efficiency and effectiveness have gained importance and a need to measure logistics performance has emerged. The World Bank has started to publish the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) every two years by measuring the logistics performances of the countries using a set of six criteria. This study examines the logistics performances of Central Asian Turkish Republics (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan) within the scope of Logistics Performance Index (LPI). In addition, the logistics performances of these countries were compared with the performances of the countries in the same region.
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Docimo, Donald J., Herschel C. Pangborn, and Andrew G. Alleyne. "Hierarchical Control for Electro-Thermal Power Management of an Electric Vehicle Powertrain." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9215.
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This paper develops a hierarchical control framework to manage both the electrical and thermal domains of an automotive electric vehicle (EV). Batteries, electric machines, and power electronics all have desired thermal operating ranges, with operation outside these limits leading to reduced component performance and lifespan. Previous studies present various component- and high-level energy management algorithms that seek to maintain desired temperatures. However, the literature contains limited efforts to develop comprehensive control approaches that coordinate the electrothermal dynamics within the vehicle, ensuring that electrical systems do not generate more thermal energy than can be managed within temperature constraints. To address this gap, this paper presents a hierarchical control framework that governs electrical and thermal states across multiple timescales while meeting operational requirements, such as tracking a desired vehicle velocity and cabin temperature. To develop this framework, a network of communicating model predictive controllers coordinates the system dynamics, with significant reduction in computational complexity over a centralized control approach. A graph-based model of the candidate EV powertrain is developed and then decomposed to generate models used in each controller of the hierarchical framework. Through the case study of this paper, it is demonstrated that the hierarchical controller can make important trade-offs between tracking desired operational references and maintaining temperatures within constraints.
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An, Zhoujian, Krishna Shah, Yanbao Ma, and Jia Li. "A Comprehensive Parametric Study of Minichannel Based Liquid Cooling of Li-Ion Battery Pack." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87923.
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Li-ion based energy storage devices have highly temperature dependent characteristics such as performance, life-cycle, efficiency and safety. Large temperature gradient within a cell results in thermal stresses and nonuniform current density leading to accelerated degradation. This adversely affects the life cycle of the cell due to capacity and power fade. There are similar issues due to large temperature variation within a battery pack. Operation of Li-ion cell outside the desirable temperature range also leads to lower efficiency, degradation and safety related issues. Different thermal management approaches have been proposed and demonstrated in past. The present work focuses specifically on minichannel based liquid cooling for conducting a parametric study. Minichannels have been found effective in various thermal management applications due to their simple construction and high convective heat transfer. In past, minichannels have been proposed and used in battery thermal management. However, designing of such systems has been somewhat arbitrary without considering various factors and trade-offs involved. There is a lack of rigorous studies for determining various parameters related to thermal management system that would result in adequate thermal management in a cost-effective manner. In the present work, a comprehensive parametric study has been carried out on the minichannel based liquid cooling for thermal management of Li-ion battery pack. A simplified computationally efficient numerical simulation-based approach has been used to conduct parametric study for optimizing the design and operating parameters of the thermal management system.
Reports on the topic "Trade outside"
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Green, Denise Nicole. Fashioning Tourists and Outsiders: Northwest Coast Design Trade. Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1430.
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Ports and Logistics Scoping Study in CAREC Countries. Asian Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr210103-2.
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Members of the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program rely on open-sea ports of third-party countries outside borders as conduits for exports and imports. These open-sea ports are located mostly in non-CAREC countries and act as international oceanic trade nodes to connect CAREC freight across cross-border railways, highways, inland sea shipping, and on river and canal barges. This study analyzes seaports and multimodal corridors serving CAREC landlocked countries. It aims to provide sufficient background about ports and logistics developments in the region. It also seeks to identify areas and potential activities that will require cooperation among member countries and development partners within the framework of the CAREC Program.