Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trade regulation

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Trade regulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Trade regulation"

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Tran, Ha Manh, and Trung Huy Bui. "Energy Regulation and Energy Trade: International Evidence." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 15, no. 3 (2025): 699–708. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.19175.

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This study investigates the impact of energy regulation on energy trade by employing an extended gravity model with bilateral trade data from the CEPII BACI database and regulatory information from the World Bank’s Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy, covering 126 countries from 1996 to 2021. The findings reveal that stronger energy regulations significantly promote energy trade, with both exporter-side and importer-side regulations playing important roles. Disaggregated analysis shows that solar and wind, biomass, and geothermal energy trades are positively influenced by regulatory improvements, while hydro and marine energy show limited responsiveness. Further examination across income groups highlights that emerging markets benefit most from stronger regulations, advanced economies face trade reductions due to stricter regulatory frameworks, and low-income economies experience no significant regulatory effect. These findings underscore the importance of tailored regulatory policies that consider economic contexts and sector-specific characteristics. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers aiming to promote sustainable energy trade through effective regulation.
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Gao, Henry. "Regulation of Digital Trade in US Free Trade Agreements: From Trade Regulation to Digital Regulation." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 45, Issue 1 (2018): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2018003.

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This article reviews the evolution of rules on digital trade in US Free Trade Agreements (US FTAs), and argues that the US approach has shifted from treating it largely as a traditional trade issue to recognizing its unique digital nature and tailoring the rules accordingly, as it has done in the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Agreement. The article begins with a review of the efforts to regulate e-commerce in the WTO, as well as the achievements of the pre-TPP US FTAs so far, followed by a critical appraisal of the strengths and weaknesses of the e-commerce chapter in the TPP. It is hoped that, by reviewing the evolution of the regulation of e-commerce from theWTOto the TPP, we can learn some lessons on how the rules are being shaped, as well as how they might evolve in the future.
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Bangura, Kadijatu Zainab, and Abraham Zaqi Kromah. "An Overview of the WTO’s Plurilateral Agreement on Services Domestic Regulation." Global Trade and Customs Journal 17, Issue 4 (2022): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2022023.

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TheWTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which has been in effect since 1995, has been used byWTO Members to facilitate increased growth in trade in services by regulating global transactions on trade in services in line with the specific commitments undertaken by everyWTO Member in the GATS. However, growth in trade in services has been clouded by significant barriers to trade in services that continue to exist in many countries in the form of unintended trade-restrictive measures across most services sectors, obscure regulations, and burdensome regulatory procedures. The successful conclusion of the Reference Paper on services domestic regulation is an effort to reduce these barriers and further stimulate trade in services. WTO, GATS, Services Domestic Regulation, Joint Initiative, Plurilateral Declaration, Negotiated Disciplines, regulatory processes, Reference Paper, barriers to services trade, predictability and transparency
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Tsurumi, Tetsuya, Shunsuke Managi, and Akira Hibiki. "Do Environmental Regulations Increase Bilateral Trade Flows?" B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 15, no. 4 (2015): 1549–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2014-0164.

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Abstract The argument that stringent environmental regulations are generally thought to harm export flows is crucial when determining policy recommendations related to environmental preservation and international competitiveness. By using bilateral trade data, we examine the relationships between trade flows and various environmental stringency indices. Previous studies have used energy intensity, abatement cost intensity, and survey indices for regulations as proxies for the strictness of environmental policy. However, they have overlooked the indirect effect of environmental regulations on trade flows. If the strong version of the Porter hypothesis is confirmed, we need to consider the effect of environmental regulation on gross domestic product (GDP), because GDP induced by environmental regulation affects trade flows. The present study clarifies the effects of regulation on trade flows by distinguishing between the indirect and direct effects. Our results indicate an observed non-negligible indirect effect of regulation, implying that the overall effect of appropriate regulation benefits trade flows.
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Shkutsko, Aksana. "MULTILATERAL REGULATION OF TRADE RELATIONS: POTENTIAL AND POSSIBILITY OF TRANSFORMATION." University Economic Bulletin 37/1 (April 19, 2018): 155–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1220849.

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The relevance of the topic is determined by the need to define the potential of multilateral regulation of trade relations and the possibilities for transforming multilateral regulation of the trading system in the global economy. Subject of study – multilateral regulation of trade relations. The research purpose – the identification of theoretical principles and practical recommendations related to the analysis of multilateral regulation of trade relations in the global economy and the justification for the possibility of their transformation taking into account the interests of world economic entities. Methodological basis of research – system approach, methods of analysis and synthesis, subject-object, quantitative and qualitative, historical and logical analysis. Results of research – on the basis of identifying the potential and trends in the development of international trade relations, the possibilities and prospects for transforming multilateral regulation of trade relations are identified, to promote the development of national economies and ensure foreign trade interests within the framework of international trade policies with a view to enhancing its effectiveness. Scope of results: development of strategic instruments that can be achieved within the framework of the transformation of multilateral systems for regulating trade relations. Conclusions: 1. Obviously, with the advent of mega-regional trade agreements, the notion of forms of international trade cooperation and a new configuration of collective economic regulation of the international trade system is beginning to change. The above suggests that in the new circumstances, the system of multilateral regulation of trade relations should become multi-vector. Along with the key mechanisms for multilateral regulation of the WTO, preferential and mega-regional agreements (TPP, CETA, RCEP, etc.) play an important role, as well as multilateral investment agreements. 2. To form a multilateral system for regulating trade relations, it is necessary to institutionalize the reform of the existing WTO system. First, the continuing and even increased protectionism (non-tariff character) from the industrialized countries demonstrates to developing countries that achieving greater access to the markets of developed countries can hardly be realized in the WTO framework. Secondly, the diversity of trade interests, the existence of negotiating alliances and the increased influence on the trade policies of countries such as China, India, and Brazil, led to the absence of progress in the Doha Round negotiations (particularly in the period 2002-2012). The above confirms the need for institutional reform of the WTO. 3. There is a need for a consistent harmonization of instruments and regulations between mega-regional agreements and the multilateral regulatory system within the WTO. Mega-regional trade agreements and an updated multilateral system for regulating trade relations may in the future create a new system for global management / regulation of international trade. In case of successful implementation, the well-known mega-regional agreements are likely to bring with them notable changes and intensify international trade. Having solved the problem of harmonization of multilateral and regional (plurilateral) regulatory regimes in the sphere of trade and finding a balance between global and regional institutions, the international trading system will receive effective trade instruments and rules, including within the framework of the multilateral WTO regulation system.
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Y, Ndao. "Study of Medicine E-Trade Regulation in Senegal." Pharmaceutical Drug Regulatory Affairs Journal 6, no. 1 (2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/pdraj-16000139.

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Introduction: E-trade covers, in addition to online selling activities, services relating to internet use. Several European states already authorize medicines e-trade, with or without prescription. In Senegal, fake drugs online sale in violation of pharmaceutical monopoly has provoked many debates, both among health professionals and patients. The objective of our work is to contribute to development of medicine e-trade regulation in Senegal. Methodology: It’s a retrospective and cross-sectional study, carried out from October 1st, 2018 to July 31th, 2019, using a documentary review and interviews. Data were compared with those of the literature. Results: There is a significant institutional mechanism marked by establishment of structures and/or control of e-trade. At legal level, law on electronic transactions and its implementing decree encourage exercise of e-trade activity. Violations of rights of person with regard to processing of personal data are sanctioned. However, technical service provider has an obligation to inform consumer, who may apply withdrawal right, due to unavailability of goods or services ordered. As for drug trade, practice of pharmacy is well supervised. Monopoly of medicine sale is reserved for pharmacists, who must exercise their activity in a licensed pharmacy. However, medicines e-trade falling within same logic, and coming under full responsibility of pharmacist, is not taken into account by our current law on pharmacy. However, law on electronic transactions creates conditions for medicines e-trade exercise. Conclusion: In Senegal, medicines e-trade does not have any specific regulations. However, law on e-trade has set up conditions for exercising medicine e-trade
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Osadchuk, Valeriia. "Institutional support for the regulation of international digital trade at the present stage." Scientific notes, no. 37 (December 21, 2024): 222–37. https://doi.org/10.33111/vz_kneu.37.24.04.20.138.144.

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The relevance of the research topic is determined by the rapid development of the digital economy and the increasing significance of digital trade, which necessitates the improvement of institutional support for its regulation. The multilateral system for regulating international digital trade faces numerous challenges, such as differences in regulatory approaches, the digital divide between developed and developing countries, and uncertainty in terminology. The article examines key institutions and their roles in regulating digital trade, as well as issues related to internal regulation and the impact of legislation at the global level. The aim of the article is to identify and analyze existing problems in the regulation of international digital trade and to develop recommendations for improving the institutional support of this area. Emphasis is placed on the need for a detailed investigation into the impact of internal regulations and international institutions on the development of digital trade, which will help identify key factors that either promote or hinder its growth. A comparative analysis of the impact of EU legislation on digital trade in various regions of the world provides valuable insights into the global influence of European regulations. The effectiveness of various digital trade rule templates proposed by both developed WTO member countries and developing countries is examined. Significant attention is paid to issues related to discrepancies in the regulation of privacy, data protection, law enforcement access, and national security. The challenges faced by the WTO regime are discussed, particularly regarding the issue of a moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions and the impact of digital taxes on services. The article also considers the rapid digital transformation as both new opportunities for economic development and regulatory challenges that could overshadow these opportunities. The importance of international cooperation, dialogue, and regulatory harmonization is emphasized to ensure inclusive and stable digital development in all countries around the world.
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Bramanta, I. Nyoman Sadhu, Ida Ayu Putu Widiati, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Pemberian Izin Peredaran Minuman Beralkohol Berdasarkan Peraturan Gubernur Bali Nomor 1 Tahun 2020." Jurnal Preferensi Hukum 1, no. 1 (2020): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jph.1.1.2169.120-127.

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There are various kinds of businesses or activities in the field of trade, one of which is a trade or distribution of alcoholic drinks. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 / M-DAG / PER / 4/2014 Article 18 Paragraph (1) that every company that trades alcoholic drinks is required to have SIUP-MB. Alcoholic drinks can only be traded by companies that already have a business license for alcoholic drinks in accordance with their classification. This research is important to be carried out with the aim to find out the mechanism for granting alcoholic beverage distribution license based on Bali Governor's Regulation No. 1 of 2020 and the implications of Bali's Governor's Regulation No. 1 of 2020 to alcoholic beverage trade businesses. This research is a normative legal research, namely by using the statutory approach. The mechanism for granting licenses for the distribution of alcoholic drinks based on Bali Governor Regulation No. 1 of 2020 is that business operators must follow procedures and fulfill certain requirements in applying for SIUP-MB, then submit a permit application to the Provincial Trade and Industry Office, after the issuance of a business by the Trade and Industry Office , then the business actor can carry out the desired trading business. Implications of Bali Governor Regulation Number 1 of 2020 Regarding the management of fermented drinks and/or distinctive distinctive Bali for the business of the alcoholic beverage trade, the benefits are felt, the crafters or farmers of fermented drinks and/or distinctive distinctive Bali have legal certainty and certainty of trying to do fermented and distillation drinks production activities typical of Bali.
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Naik, Narayan Y., Anthony Neuberger, and S. Viswanathan. "Trade Disclosure Regulation in Markets with Negotiated Trades." Review of Financial Studies 12, no. 4 (1999): 873–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/12.4.873.

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Winslett, Gary. "How Regulations Became the Crux of Trade Politics." Journal of World Trade 50, Issue 1 (2016): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad2016005.

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Whereas tariffs were once the main barrier to international trade, cross-national differences in regulation now constitute the most significant impediment to trade and are therefore the centrepiece issues in contemporary trade negotiations. That change has profound implications for the global economy and for international political economy scholarship. This article explains how that change occurred in order to explore how the incorporation of regulation affects trade and illuminate the politics that surround the negotiation over these regulatory trade barriers. As tariffs and other non-regulatory measures were reduced, the extent to which cross-national differences in regulation impeded trade became more apparent, especially to multinational firms which pushed for attenuations of these regulatory trade barriers. Once regulations became the subject of trade negotiations in the 1980s, civil society groups with a vested interested in those regulations became involved in trade politics to a greater degree than ever before. These developments have shaped the major trade negotiations underway today and are likely to remain at the centre of trade politics for the foreseeable future.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade regulation"

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Tu, Qingru. "International Trade and Environmental Regulation." FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3727.

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This dissertation is composed of three chapters regarding international trade and environmental regulation. The first chapter focuses on the relationship between port ownership and the port R\&D investment. I investigate whether a larger degree of private involvement in the port sector makes for a higher level of welfare, as well as an improvement in port performance. I establish the stage games to analyze the reciprocal international trade. The theoretical findings indicate that the endowment of population plays an essential role in choosing the optimal port ownership. In the second chapter, I investigate the effect of port pollution regulation on port ownership. I incorporate the regulation tax on emissions from port cargo handling into the international duopoly trade model. The results of the stage games suggest the same ownership of the ports in both countries. I also extend the categories of port structures to include the transfer of port ownership to the other country. The policy implication is to have the small country own both ports, which is opposite to the port governance in reality. In the third chapter, I explore the equilibrium port ownership structures without other policy issues or regulation on the port sector being considered. The influence of country size per se suggests that a small country should privatize its port in the context of a privatized port in the large country. For a large country, it is better to choose a type of ownership different from the small country's. In addition, it is the country whose population is greater than a third of the scale in the other country that should own both ports.
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Berger, Stefan. "Regulation of intellectual property rights and trade." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7591.

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This thesis consists of three essays on the regulation of Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) and trade in open economies. The rst chapter investigates the di erences in Intellectual Property Rights between countries. The analysis of a cross-country panel reveals that the protection of IPRs is higher in countries that are (i) richer, (ii) more productive in R&D and (iii) more open to trade. It is then shown that the rst two facts can be explained in a model where innovations are a global public good and where demand for innovations is non-homothetic in income. The second chapter addresses the third observation. If trade is driven by large di erences in productivities across countries and sectors then having strong IPR protection can become more bene cial for the individual country, since a part of the associated costs are passed onto the trading partners. The third chapter aims to explain why and when countries link agreements on trade with agreements that regulate the provision of global public goods. It shows that a linkage is particularly attractive if countries are di erent in size.
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Bruneau, Joel Francis. "Essays in environmental regulation and international trade." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/NQ56512.pdf.

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Ononaiwu, Chantal. "Regulation and trade liberalization in banking services." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496622.

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Van, der Marel Erik. "On trade, productivity and regulation in services." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0035.

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Cette thèse se penche sur les liens entre la productivité des services, le commerce des services et la réglementation à la fois du côté des importations et du côté des exportations. Pour ce qui concerne l’export, les différences de productivité se reflètent dans une structure d’avantage comparatif de l’économie à la fois au niveau des services et des biens. Les importations comptent également. La hausse des importations de services a pour effet d’accroître la productivité de ces services, elle permet une allocation optimale des ressources nouvelles et existantes ainsi qu’une plus grande concurrence externe sur le marché intérieur. Les trois Chapitres de cette thèse représentent quelques-unes des premières contributions à la littérature sur le commerce des services avec une approche ancrée dans enjeux politiques d’aujourd’hui. Ils contribuent à une compréhension plus précise de la manière avec laquelle les pays développés principalement peuvent tirer avantage d’un accroissement des exportations de services en capitalisant sur des structures intérieures favorables et en exploitant donc les différences de productivité sectorielle. Par ailleurs, cette thèse fournit également une compréhension plus claire de la façon dont la réglementation nationale ciblant l’import, l’export et la production peut avoir un impact sur la productivité des services intérieurs dans le cadre de la Productivité Globale des Facteurs (PGF)<br>This dissertation examines the links between productivity in services, services trade and services regulation for both the import and export side. On the export side, productivity differences are reflected in an economy’s comparative advantage structure in services. Imports matter too. Increased services imports have productivity enhancing effects because these services allow for an optimal allocation of existing and new resources, and also facilitate increased external competition within the domestic economy. The three chapters in this dissertation represent some of the first contributions to the services trade literature with an approach rooted in today’s policy concerns. In particular, they contribute to a more precise understanding how mainly developed countries can take advantage of higher services exports capitalizing on favourable domestic country structures and hence exploiting sectoral productivity differences. In addition, this dissertation provides a clearer understanding how domestic regulation targeted to imports and production can affect domestic services productivity in the form of Total Factor Productivity (TFP)
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Service, Jessica. "Seeing the forest for the trees an examination of the Canadian/United States softwood lumber dispute and the impact of dispute resolution procedures /." Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1114460538.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Political Science, 2005.<br>Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [2], ix, 199 p. : ill., maps. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-147).
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Milam, Richard Thomas. "Essays on trade barriers in imperfectly competitive markets." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39874.

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Zhang, Xin. "International trade regulation in China : law and policy /." Oxford [u.a.] : Hart Publ, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/513053670.pdf.

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Chaves, Olarte Georgina Ines. "International regulation of Caribbean textile and apparel trade." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69750.

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In the last five years, textiles and apparel have represented the largest source of growth of U.S. imports from countries covered by the Caribbean Basin Initiative. The economic importance of this sector to the Caribbean countries gave rise to this study which discusses the international regulation of textile and apparel trade and the possible effects of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations and the North American Free Trade Agreement on the Caribbean textile and apparel industry. This analysis takes into account not only the legal mechanisms developed to control trade in this sector, but also the underlining powers that have allowed the shaping of the current textile and apparel order. Special emphasis is placed on U.S. trade policies toward the Caribbean Region which have played a significant role in the present development of the Caribbean apparel industry.
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Marinova, Yona Georgieva. "Bifurcation of parallel trade in the European Community." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2008. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=25821.

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This thesis examines the regulation of parallel imports of trade marked goods in the European Community (EC), demonstrates its deficiencies and advocates its amendment by the Community legislator. The thesis identifies as a primary characteristic of the regulation the bifurcation of intra-EC and extra-EC parallel importation, that is to say, the fundamental divergence of the regimes of parallel imports coming from another EC Member State and imports coming from third countries.  The split as to the rationale, justification and outcome of the two regimes is so substantial that it is viewed as the existence of ‘parallel regulations on parallel trade’ in the Community. The study establishes four different manifestations of this bifurcation, the most evident one concerning the fact that while internal imports are lawful under EC law, external ones could be repelled by the mark owner as trade mark infringement.  It is submitted that this variable legal tolerance to parallel trade has been legitimised through the Community rule of limited, regional exhaustion of trade mark rights and the manner in which the European Court of Justice has interpreted its application. Against this background, the thesis raises three groups of legal arguments for reviewing the current Community exhaustion policy and implementing a rule of international trade mark exhaustion.  They relate to trade mark law, competition law and certain proclamations of the importance of free unrestricted global trade, made by the Community on international level and in the EC context as well. Finally, the study complements the above legal arguments with socio-economic justifications in support of international exhaustion.  The research suggests that the Community should consider the implementation of international trade mark exhaustion and carry out the necessary preparatory steps outlined by the study in this regard.
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Books on the topic "Trade regulation"

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Bhala, Raj. Trade regulation. Foundation Press, 2005.

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Lee, Eun Sup. World Trade Regulation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31143-7.

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Trebilcock, Michael J. International trade regulation. University of Toronto, Faculty of Law], 1988.

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Trebilcock, Michael J. International trade regulation. 2nd ed. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2013.

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Trebilcock, Michael J. International trade regulation. 2nd ed. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2014.

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McGovern, Edmond. International trade regulation. Globefield Press, 1995.

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McGovern, Edmond. International trade regulation. Globefield, 1995.

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Trebilcock, Michael J. International trade regulation. 2nd ed. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2005.

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University of Toronto. Faculty of Law, ed. International trade regulation. 2nd ed. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2019.

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Trebilcock, Michael J. International trade regulation. 2nd ed. Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trade regulation"

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Wang, Zhiqiong June, and Jianfu Chen. "Freer Trade." In International Trade Regulation. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003275510-2.

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Wang, Zhiqiong June, and Jianfu Chen. "Fairer Trade." In International Trade Regulation. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003275510-3.

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Wang, Zhiqiong June, and Jianfu Chen. "Regional Trade Agreements." In International Trade Regulation. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003275510-4.

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Wang, Zhiqiong June, and Jianfu Chen. "Geopolitical and Geo-Economic Manoeuvring." In International Trade Regulation. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003275510-5.

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Wang, Zhiqiong June, and Jianfu Chen. "Against the Law of the Jungle." In International Trade Regulation. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003275510-6.

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Wang, Zhiqiong June, and Jianfu Chen. "Conclusion." In International Trade Regulation. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003275510-7.

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Wang, Zhiqiong June, and Jianfu Chen. "Introduction." In International Trade Regulation. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003275510-1.

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Lee, Eun Sup. "Outline of the WTO." In World Trade Regulation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31143-7_1.

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Lee, Eun Sup. "Intellectual Property Rights Conferred in TRIPs." In World Trade Regulation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31143-7_10.

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Lee, Eun Sup. "Enforcement." In World Trade Regulation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31143-7_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trade regulation"

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Jamroen, Chaowanan, Dulpichet Rerkpreedapong, Miadreza Shafie-khah, and Sanchai Dechanupaprittha. "Voltage Regulation Potential of Electric Vehicles in Distribution Networks Considering Trade-off Between Participation Benefit and Driving Demand." In 2024 AEIT International Annual Conference (AEIT). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/aeit63317.2024.10736748.

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Liu, Zhong, and Xiaonan Lu. "Quantifiable Trade-off between Voltage Regulation and Active Power Sharing in Autonomous DC Microgrids: A Data-Driven Approach." In 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce55643.2024.10861112.

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Ikegwu, Ugochukwu M., Victor M. Zavala, and Reid C. Van Lehn. "Screening Green Solvents for Multilayer Plastic Films Separation." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.162050.

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This paper introduces a computational framework for selecting green solvents to separate multilayer plastic films, particularly those challenging to recycle through mechanical means. The framework prioritizes the selective dissolution of polymers while considering solvent toxicity. Initial screening relies on temperature-solubility dependence, utilizing octanol-water partition coefficients (LogP) to identify non-toxic solvents (LogP = 3). Additionally, guidelines from GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemical Regulation (REACH), and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are employed to screen for green solvents. Molecular-scale models predict temperature-dependent solubilities and LogP values for polymers and solvents. The framework is applied to identify green solvents for separating a multilayer plastic film composed of polyethylene (PE), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The case study demonstrates the framework's effectiveness in identifying environmentally friendly solvents and balancing trade-offs between solvent toxicity and solubility. Furthermore, the framework informs process design by screening for suitable green solvents in selective dissolution processes, potentially leading to the development of more sustainable dissolution processes and the identification of easily recyclable polymer blends in multilayer plastic films.
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"REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL DIGITAL TRADE." In Russian science: actual researches and developments. Samara State University of Economics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46554/russian.science-2019.10-1-76/78.

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Sholihah, Rakhma Putri, and Arie Afriansyah. "Regulation of Crypto Currency in World Trade Organization." In 3rd International Conference on Law and Governance (ICLAVE 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200321.006.

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Cheng, Frank, Yagil Engel, and Michael P. Wellman. "Cap-and-Trade Emissions Regulation: A Strategic Analysis." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/27.

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Cap-and-trade schemes are designed to achieve target levels of regulated emissions in a socially efficient manner. These schemes work by issuing regulatory credits and allowing firms to buy and sell them according to their relative compliance costs. Analyzing the efficacy of such schemes in concentrated industries is complicated by the strategic interactions among firms producing heterogeneous products. We tackle this complexity via an agent-based microeconomic model of the US market for personal vehicles. We calculate Nash equilibria among credits-trading strategies in a variety of scenarios and regulatory models. We find that while cap-and-trade results improves efficiency overall, consumers bear a disproportionate share of regulation cost, as firms use credit trading to segment the vehicle market. Credits trading volume decreases when firms behave more strategically, which weakens the segmentation effect.
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Mirgalimova, Z. N. "Legal regulation of trade at fairs and exhibitions." In ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ. НИЦ «Л-Журнал», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj-03-2019-77.

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Budeli, Mpfariseni. "Internal regulation of trade unions and trade unions – members relationship under the South African labour law." In Annual International Conference on Law, Regulations and Public Policy. Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2251-3809_lrpp14.29.

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"Is there a fecundity/longevity trade-off under heat stress?" In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/ Systems Biology. institute of cytology and genetics siberian branch of the russian academy of science, Novosibirsk State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/bgrs/sb-2020-393.

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He, Hua, Zhenyu Luo, Changsong Ma, and Hang Yu. "Production strategy with substitution under cap-and-trade regulation." In 2016 International Conference on Logistics, Informatics and Service Sciences (LISS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/liss.2016.7854502.

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Reports on the topic "Trade regulation"

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Staiger, Robert, and Alan Sykes. International Trade and Domestic Regulation. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15541.

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Beck, Steven, and Alexander Malaket. Trade Finance Scorecard: Regulation and Market Feedback. Asian Development Bank, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf189532-2.

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Kang, Jong Woo, and Joshua Anthony Gapay. Factors Affecting Carbon Dioxide Emissions Embodied in Trade. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230479-2.

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This paper examines the impact of environmental regulation in exporter and importer economies on crossborder carbon flows. While stricter environmental regulations help reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from domestic production, leading to lower CO2 emissions embodied in exports, stricter regulations on the importing side lead to higher CO2 emissions embodied in imports. Moreover, stricter environmental regulations could encourage further outsourcing of intermediate inputs by exporters, prompting carbon leakages in the upstream segment of global value chains.
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Bushnell, James, and Yihsu Chen. Regulation, Allocation, and Leakage in Cap-and-Trade Markets for CO2. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15495.

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Jones, Emily, Beatriz Kira, Anna Sands, and Danilo B. Garrido Alves. The UK and Digital Trade: Which way forward? Blavatnik School of Government, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-wp-2021/038.

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The internet and digital technologies are upending global trade. Industries and supply chains are being transformed, and the movement of data across borders is now central to the operation of the global economy. Provisions in trade agreements address many aspects of the digital economy – from cross-border data flows, to the protection of citizens’ personal data, and the regulation of the internet and new technologies like artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making. The UK government has identified digital trade as a priority in its Global Britain strategy and one of the main sources of economic growth to recover from the pandemic. It wants the UK to play a leading role in setting the international standards and regulations that govern the global digital economy. The regulation of digital trade is a fast-evolving and contentious issue, and the US, European Union (EU), and China have adopted different approaches. Now that the UK has left the EU, it will need to navigate across multiple and often conflicting digital realms. The UK needs to decide which policy objectives it will prioritise, how to regulate the digital economy domestically, and how best to achieve its priorities when negotiating international trade agreements. There is an urgent need to develop a robust, evidence-based approach to the UK’s digital trade strategy that takes into account the perspectives of businesses, workers, and citizens, as well as the approaches of other countries in the global economy. This working paper aims to inform UK policy debates by assessing the state of play in digital trade globally. The authors present a detailed analysis of five policy areas that are central to discussions on digital trade for the UK: cross-border data flows and privacy; internet access and content regulation; intellectual property and innovation; e-commerce (including trade facilitation and consumer protection); and taxation (customs duties on e-commerce and digital services taxes). In each of these areas the authors compare and contrast the approaches taken by the US, EU and China, discuss the public policy implications, and examine the choices facing the UK.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Professional Services. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009160.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Tourism Services. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009161.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Summary Report. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009156.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Horizontal Measures. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009157.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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Brown, Kathy-Ann. Services Regulation in the Caribbean: Transport Services. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009159.

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CARIFORUM States have generally taken a cautious approach in adopting commitments under the Economic Partnership Agreement by having them reflect their World Trade Organization commitments, excluding sensitive subsectors, and inscribing broad horizontal reservations. This report assesses the regulatory framework for trade and investment in five areas - horizontal measures, information and communications technologies, transport services, professional services, and tourism services in Barbados, Belize, Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and Tobago under the CARIFORUM - European Union Economic Partnership Agreement. The analysis concludes that of the five areas reviewed, adjustments are recommended principally to legislation covering information and communications technologies, professional services, and transport services.
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