Relevant bibliographies by topics / Trade routes – Eurasia – History

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Trade routes – Eurasia – History'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Trade routes – Eurasia – History"

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Lee, Juyeon. "Muslim Merchant activities as seen in Ming Dynasty Records about Western Region emissaries." Institute of History and Culture Hankuk University of Foreign Studies 93 (February 28, 2025): 415–56. https://doi.org/10.18347/hufshis.2025.93.415.

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This study analyses the records of the Timurid emissaries to identify the Eurasian land routes and to learn about Muslim merchants who operated along them. At first, we examined the relationship of the Islamic merchant to the state. Timurid emissaries in the Ming records were authorized merchants who were partners in securing economic benefits for the state. Therefore, Timurid emissaries were committed to maintaining east-west connections via land routes as much as possible during the 15th century, a period of great turmoil in Eurasia, during which various routes came and went. Timurids, howev
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Sińczak, Tomasz. "Euroazjatycka późna starożytność czy Jedwabne Szlaki? Polityczne, kulturowe i ekonomiczne konstrukty pojęciowe w studiach nad historią i kulturą Orientu." Studia Orientalne 29, no. 1 (2024): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/so2024103.

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In contemporary historiography, there is a growing interest in interactions between nomadic peoples and the empires of sedentary peoples in antiquity, with particular emphasis on late antiquity. Differences in the perception of nomadic communities’ impact on the economy cause a conceptual confusion. It is largely due to differences in the perception of the influence that nomadic communities had in shaping the functioning of trade routes leading from one part of Eurasia to another. This article organises and indicates the origin of concepts, such as the Silk Road, the cultural complex of centra
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Dankov, A. G., and E. V. Savkovich. "Transformation of the Transport Framework of Eurasia in the Beginning of the 21st Century." Journal of International Analytics 16, no. 1 (2025): 198–210. https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2025-16-1-198-210.

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For centuries, Eurasia has played a key role in shaping global trade and cultural ties. Transport corridors have been the arteries through which goods, ideas, and people have circulated, determining the economic and political development of regions. Throughout history, these corridors have undergone significant transformations, reflecting the evolution of technology, geopolitical realities, and economic priorities. From the legendary Silk Road to modern transcontinental routes, the history of Eurasian transport corridors is a history of continuous development and adaptation to changing conditi
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Khan, Shoaib. "Eurasian Connectivity: Interests of Regional and Great Powers." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 22, no. 1 (2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-1-126-141.

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This article analyses the structure of trading networks in Eurasia and raises important questions on the relationship between these networks and the geopolitical contexts they navigate. Obviously, the geopolitical ambitions of multiple nation-states directly affect the lives and activities of the traders. Besides, nation-states also seek to instrumentally use the trading networks and communities that operate across their territories in order to expand their geopolitical reach and influence. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to dismantle trade barriers among regional players and invigorate
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Khan, Shoaib. "Eurasian Connectivity: Interests of Regional and Great Powers." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 22, no. 1 (2022): 126–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2022-22-1-126-141.

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This article analyses the structure of trading networks in Eurasia and raises important questions on the relationship between these networks and the geopolitical contexts they navigate. Obviously, the geopolitical ambitions of multiple nation-states directly affect the lives and activities of the traders. Besides, nation-states also seek to instrumentally use the trading networks and communities that operate across their territories in order to expand their geopolitical reach and influence. The ultimate goal of these efforts is to dismantle trade barriers among regional players and invigorate
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Kawakubo, Shusuke, Fangluan Gao, Shifang Li, et al. "Genomic analysis of the brassica pathogen turnip mosaic potyvirus reveals its spread along the former trade routes of the Silk Road." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 12 (2021): e2021221118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2021221118.

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Plant pathogens have agricultural impacts on a global scale and resolving the timing and route of their spread can aid crop protection and inform control strategies. However, the evolutionary and phylogeographic history of plant pathogens in Eurasia remains largely unknown because of the difficulties in sampling across such a large landmass. Here, we show that turnip mosaic potyvirus (TuMV), a significant pathogen of brassica crops, spread from west to east across Eurasia from about the 17th century CE. We used a Bayesian phylogenetic approach to analyze 579 whole genome sequences and up to 71
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Abilov, Shamkhal, and Beyrak Hajiyev. "The European Union–Azerbaijan high-level transport dialogue: A timely reaction to the structural changes?" Journal of Eurasian Studies 13, no. 1 (2021): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18793665211054516.

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The European Union (EU) and Azerbaijan high-level transport dialogue is the continuation of the long period of cooperation between the EU and Azerbaijan in the area of transport since the early 1990s. The geopolitical and geo-economic maps of Eurasia, the South Caucasus, and the regions around have significantly changed since then thanks to rise of China, India, and other regional actors. These actors in their turn began to initiate competitive logistical and transportation projects to define terms and conditions of the making of Eurasian transport and trade routes. The ultimate goal is to hav
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Egshig, Shagdarsuren. "The Silk Road as a Model for the BRI." Acta Mongolica 21, no. 541 (2023): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/am.202301.06.

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Roads are dynamic. Among various trade roads such as the Great Inka Road, Steppe Road, Silk Road, Tea Horse Road, Tea Road and Maritime Porcelain Road, the Silk Road has been raised three times in its history. Nomads and merchant communities on Silk Road moved more frequently, they had more opportunities to make pathways. The Mongols established their horse courier stations (Mongolian: örtöö) in the vast Eurasian plain during the Mongolian Empire. Through the courier service, letters, oral messages and news passed extremely rapidly. The Mongolian Khans or emperors created a management of trade
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KHITAKHUNOV, Azimzhan. "THE CHINA-KYRGYZSTAN-UZBEKISTAN RAILWAY: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES." Eurasian Research Journal 6, no. 3 (2024): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.53277/2519-2442-2024.3-03.

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This paper aims to analyse the causes and consequences of the China-Kyrgyzstan- Uzbekistan railway. The project is one of the most important and ambitious in the modern history of Central Asia. The construction of the railway will transform trade and transit routes in Eurasia. The paper argues that the start of the project was driven by internal, regional, and global factors. The expected benefits from the railway are significant for each participating country. Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan plan to develop their infrastructure, diversify exports, and penetrate new markets, while China diversifies
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Zimonyi, István. "The Role of Trade in the Conversion to Islam and in the History of the Volga Bulghars." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2022): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080021351-3.

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The trade-network of Afro-Eurasia changed radically in the 9th–10th centuries, instead of the former east-west routes the south-north came to the fore. The Volga-Kama region became the most important port of trade between the Islamic world and Eastern Europe in the beginning of the 10th century which set in motion the formation of the Volga Bulghar state and the conversion to Islam. The Volga Bulghars are mentioned in the Muslim sources as the center of trade. Ibn Faḍlān, al-Masʿūdī give a detailed picture of this intensive trade. The Muslim dirhams came from Samanid mints to the Volga region
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trade routes – Eurasia – History"

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Chaouche, Sabine. "Young men at Oxford (1830-80) : routes into consumption and debt." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e83c1570-5f6e-41a4-ba57-587ad3ff443f.

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Young men's consumption, especially that of students at Oxford, has not received much attention from scholars although they participated fully in the economic life of the University town by becoming customers, indeed often compulsive shoppers, as numerous Chancellor's Court and bankruptcy court cases suggest. My thesis provides a window onto male students' consumer culture and indebtedness, especially their link to the 'credit system'. 'Conspicuous consumption' and overspending was a marker of undergraduate culture which had two dialectical dynamics: students tried to position themselves in th
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Glenister, Catherine Lucy. "Profiling Punt : using trade relations to locate 'God's Land'." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1564.

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Blue, Lucy Katherine. "A topographical analysis of the location of harbours and anchorages of the eastern Mediterranean in middle and late bronze ages, and their relation to routes of trade." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319120.

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Заїка, О. В. "Основні торговельні шляхи Лівобережної України другої половини XVII ст". Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7344.

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Активізація торгівлі на лівобережних землях в другій половині XVII ст. позначилася і на мережі торгових шляхів, які зв’язували місцеві ринки в один - лівобережний, а його з ринками інших українських земель, Росії, зарубіжних країн. Торговельні шляхи формувались стихійно, залежно від потреб населення у збуті та купівлі товарів. Роль державних органів зводилася лише до будівництва митниць, заїжджих дворів і корчм для одержання додаткових прибутків. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/7344
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Serra, i. Castella Xavier. "Els camins de l’or a l’Àfrica Antiga. Una comparativa de la mineria artesanal de l´actual Golf de Guinea amb la mineria de l´Antic Egipte." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461186.

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A l’Antic Egipte l’or va representar des dels inicis el metall amb el qual els Faraons eren venerats. Va ser per aquesta qüestió que es varen necessitar grans quantitats d’aquest element per satisfer la ostentació i el poder d’aquests Reis. Coneixem per les fonts textuals, papirològiques i arqueològiques que l’or es va explotar des del període Predinàstic. Ens interessa en aquest estudi aprofundir en els Períodes del Regne Nou (1539 -1077 a C), i també el Ptolemaic (332-30 a C). El primer per ser el període en què es va explotar més quantitat d’or per a la producció de joies, escultures i mate
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Morris, Melissa Nicole. "Cultivating Colonies: Tobacco and the Upstart Empires, 1580-1640." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8GX4Q1B.

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This dissertation addresses a fundamental question: how did the English, French, and Dutch establish successful colonies and trade routes in the Iberian-dominated Americas? It argues that the English, Dutch, and French (a group I refer to as the “Upstart Empires”) relied upon Iberian and indigenous knowledge and trade networks in a series of illicit commercial operations and failed colonies in South America and the Caribbean before they were able to establish themselves permanently in the Americas. These little-studied colonial experiments all had one thing in common: tobacco. A c
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Kung, Ling-Wei. "The Great Convergence: Information Circulation, International Trade, and Knowledge Transmission Between Early Modern China, Inner Asia, and Eurasia." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-atfx-y779.

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This dissertation investigates China’s relationship with Inner Asia—encompassing Tibet, Mongolia, and Xinjiang—by focusing on information exchange, economic integration, and worldview formation from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries in an international context. Supplementing modern and classical Chinese sources with multilingual materials in Tibetan, Mongolian, Manchu, Japanese, and a range of European languages, my research diversifies scholarly understanding of China’s development as a nation by emphasizing the significant roles of Inner Asian peoples in building the Qing empire. I
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Fuqua, Douglas Sherwin. "The Japanese missions to Tang China and maritime exchange in East Asia, 7th-9th centuries." Thesis, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=813773001&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233791603&clientId=23440.

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Books on the topic "Trade routes – Eurasia – History"

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Nault, Jennifer. Trade routes. Weigl, 2007.

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University of Kashmir. Centre of Central Asian Studies, Dynamics & Revival of Silk Route: Perspective, Challenges, and Opportunities (Conference) (2008 : Srinigar, India), and Eurasian Peace and Cooperation: Challenges and Opportunities (Conference) (2009 : Srinigar, India), eds. Silk route and Eurasia: Peace & cooperation. Centre of Central Asian Studies, University of Kashmir, 2011.

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1931-, Haellquist Karl Reinhold, ed. Asian trade routes. Curzon Press, 1991.

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Mollat, Michel. Les routes millénaires. Nathan, 1988.

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Poulton-Smith, Anthony. The salt routes. Amberley, 2010.

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Ray, Haraprasad. Trade and trade routes between India and China, c. 140 B.C.-A.D. 1500. Progressive Publishers, 2003.

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editor, Pande Ram 1945, and Shodhak (Organization : Jaipur, India), eds. Trade routes and trade centres in ancient and medieval India. Shodhak, 2014.

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Okwui, Enwezor, and Richards Colin curator, eds. Trade routes: History and geography : 2nd Johannesburg Biennale 1997. Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Council, 1997.

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Strathern, Paul. The silk and spice routes. New Discovery Books, 1994.

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Jacques, Anquetil. Les routes du coton: L'épopée de l'or blanc. JC Lattès, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Trade routes – Eurasia – History"

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De Angeli, Aglaia. "Captured Glimpses of Modernity and War in Late Qing China." In Connessioni. Studies in Transcultural History. Firenze University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0242-8.11.

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This chapter evaluates the role of photography in witnessing the modernising process in China during the late Qing period and conflicts which stemmed from it. The camera, introduced in China during the First Opium War (1839–1842), allowed Western eyes to record the establishment of trade routes and associated facilities. The photos examined here were taken immediately before and during the Russo-Japanese War. The photographs appear to have been focusing on technological developments in trade infrastructure, but they also captured the conspicuous Japanese and Russian military presence. Conseque
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Perez-Garcia, Manuel. "Conclusions." In Palgrave Studies in Comparative Global History. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7865-6_5.

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Abstract The Spanish and Qing empires were connected through the agency of merchants, the trade networks they created, and the circulation of goods which fostered local demand. Trade routes, mainly the maritime economic arteries such as the Manila galleons, connected and integrated Western markets and polities, in this case the Spanish empire with the Middle Kingdom. The constant inflow of American silver into China and the outflow of highly prized Chinese goods (i.e. silk, tea, porcelain) into European and American markets were the main features for such market integration between the Bourbon
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Goldberg, Jan Michael. "Transformation of urban occupational structure and mobility (Leipzig, 1550-1850)." In Datini Studies in Economic History. Firenze University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36253/979-12-215-0667-9.12.

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Located at the intersection of two major trade routes, Leipzig in Saxony, Germany, became a European trading hub, presumed sensitive to economic shocks. This study examines the effects of upheavals, shocks, and trends on Leipzig's occupational structure using data from over 200,000 genealogically linked residents between 1550 and 1850. Occupations are coded using HISCO and KldB 2010, enabling detailed analysis of occupational changes, including intergenerational shifts. Results show surprising stability in Leipzig’s occupational structure despite significant upheavals. Only the Saxon Rétabliss
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Pisarevskaya, Asya, and Peter Scholten. "Cities of Migration." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92377-8_16.

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AbstractCities are often the main hubs or portals for migration. They are the places where people leave from, and where they first arrive at, after their migration journey, either to settle or to move on. They are also the places where diversities and mobilities become the most manifest. Built into the cross-roads of ancient trade routes, cities have been the centres for encounters between many cultures since ancient times. In the past, cities attracted internal migrants from rural areas, while nowadays, many cities have been shaped by a long history of international migration. For instance, t
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Rose, Els. "A Citizenship of Sharing: Transformations of an Urban Patron Saint." In Inclusive Cities and Global Urban Transformation. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7521-7_22.

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AbstractThe question as to what makes a city prosperous, and how a city responds to crises that challenge its resilience, yields different responses in different historical periods. The city of Utrecht offers a relevant case to study these questions from a cultural perspective because of the historically layered heritage of its answers. In the course of its history, the city changed roles a number of times. Founded as an outpost of the Roman military, it developed into the most important ecclesiastical centre of the northern Low Countries in the Middle Ages as well as an important crossroads o
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Lally, Jagjeet. "Introduction." In India and the Silk Roads. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197581070.003.0001.

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The recent return to terrestrial forms of connectivity over long distances, not least in the wake of China’s inauguration of the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’, has renewed interest in the Silk Roads. This chapter explains that the web of routes which connected various parts of Afro-Eurasia persisted throughout the rise of trans-oceanic networks after circa 1500, at which time north-south routes from the Eurasian continental interior into the Indian subcontinent and the Indian Ocean world became more prominent. The history of this remarkable survival is one of the themes of this book. To introduce
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Harris, Ron. "The Organization of India-to-Rome Trade." In Roman Law and Economics. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787204.003.0007.

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Not much is known about the organization of the trade between Egypt and India in Roman times. Roman law is obviously well documented in surviving texts of various sorts. Trade practices in the Indian Ocean routes are sporadically known from surviving manuscripts. Actual organizational documents are practically unavailable with the rare exception of the Muziris Papyrus. The Papyrus, dated from the mid-second century CE, known also as the Vienna Papyrus, was first published in 1985. It deals with the finance and organization of trade on the route between Alexandria and Muziris in India. It adds
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Singh, Anjana. "Connected by Emotions and Experiences." In The Oxford History of the World. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192884022.003.0010.

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Abstract The chapter displays the extent of interconnections across the Afro-Eurasian world in early modern times. Port cities of Mediterranean Europe, Arabia, east coast Africa, west and east coast India, Southeast Asia and China were points of conjuncture—spaces for movements to start from and cross-cultural encounters to happen. Seas have almost always connected people. When knowledge of the earth and larger universe was limited and technology only allowed small concessions, environment, especially wind systems and natural harbours, dictated routes and timings. Empires were arenas of exchan
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"Duplicate Systems of Trade: a Key Element in Mesopotamian History." In Asian Trade Routes. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203060971-10.

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Smith, Richard. "Trade and commerce across Afro-Eurasia." In The Cambridge World History. Cambridge University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511667480.010.

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Conference papers on the topic "Trade routes – Eurasia – History"

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Markelov, Konstantin, Pavel Karabushenko, Rafik Usmanov, and Vyacheslav Golovin. "The international north-south transport corridor: history, modernity, prospects." In East – West: Practical Approaches to Countering Terrorism and Preventing Violent Extremism. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcshss.eaxq2094.

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Since ancient times, the trade route "from the Varangians to the Persians" and on to India was used by caravans of merchants from all over the multifaceted Eurasia. This route also served as a means of cultural and religious exchange, spreading knowledge and everyday habits. The history of this issue shows that the political and economic elites who initiated diplomatic and trade missions were primarily interested in developing and optimizing trade. The current drive to revive this route in the form of the International North-South Transport Corridor (ITC) is designed to bring integration proce
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Konovalova, Irina. "Cumania in the System of Trade Routes of Eastern Europe in the 12th Century." In 7thInternational Conference on the Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe. University of Szeged, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2019.53.137-147.

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Karimova, Nargiza. "On the Route of Trade Caravans: Problems of Cooperation and Intercultural Communication in the Eurasian Space (Second Half of the 15th – Early 20th Century)." In Communication and Cultural Studies: History and Modernity. Novosibirsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1280-2-7-13.

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Polgár, Szabolcs József. "The Character of the Trade between the Nomads and their Settled Neighbours in Eurasia in the Middle Ages." In 7thInternational Conference on the Medieval History of the Eurasian Steppe. University of Szeged, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2019.53.253-263.

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Christensen, Victoria G., and Andrew E. LaBounty. "A History of Trade Routes and Water-Level Regulation on Waterways in Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota, USA." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2018. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481394.014.

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Batunaev, Eduard. "Notes on Russian-Mongolian Trade and Economic Relations at the Beginning of the XX Century." In Irkutsk Historical and Economic Yearbook 2021. Baikal State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/978-5-7253-3040-3.40.

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The article is devoted to the study of the history of Russian-Mongolian trade and economic relations in the early XX century. The development of Russian-Mongolian trade and economic relations is shown, the volume of trade, the ratio of trade turnover, the study of the main directions of trade routes, expeditions to study the Mongolian market are considered. The rivalry of Russian, Chinese and foreign entrepreneurs in the struggle for the Mongolian market is shown. The positions of Russian statesmen, trade circles and the public on the development of the prospects for Russian-Mongolian trade ar
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Carr, Matthew A. "The Impact of Steam Innovations on Ship Design: An Abbreviated History of Marine Engineering." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-43767.

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The adaptation of steam engines for marine propulsion caused a dramatic shift in naval and commericial ship design during the 19th Century. The transition from sail to steam hastened the demise of several classes of ships and altered shippings routes from the trade winds to great circle routing. The conduct of naval warfare was always influenced by the limits of available propulsion technology. Throughout maritime history, innovative naval commanders sought ways to overrun, outmaneuver, and outlast their opponents. Coincident developments in armaments and armor, facilitated by this “new” propu
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YURIN, Vladimir I. "CAVES AND CAVE COMPLEXES OF THE SATKA DISTRICT OF THE CHELYABINSK REGION ARE PROMISING OBJECTS OF EXCURSION TOURISM." In Eurasia s Mountain Heart, devoted to the 95th anniversary of the Satka Municipal District. Chelyabinsk State University Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/9785727118511_104.

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It is known that the work on the study of cave sites on the territory of Satka municipal district has been carried out by different specialists since the second half of the 18th century up to the present. The article presents the results of Sikiyaz-Tamak complex scientifi c and local history expedition on the territory of Satka district, which identifi ed and examined more than 480 cave sites, including 19 cave complexes (“cities”), among which in a number of caves an ancient cultural layer was discovered and archaeological investigations were conducted. It was found that Satka municipal distr
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Akça, Tacinur. "Foreign Trade Relations Between Turkey and the Eurasian Countries: An Empirical Study." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01793.

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The Eurasian Countries incorporates many economic and cultural wealth. The Eurasian countries have attracted attention all over the world with its rich oil and natural gas reserves and geopolitical situation. Due to the increasing importance of the Eurasian countries, as well as being an alternative to a political foreign policy and it has created an economically viable alternative in terms of foreign trade for Turkey. The importance of exports is increasing for the development of Turkey and Eurasia cannot be neglected as an important issue. History of the republic's foreign policy is focused
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Gron, Silvia, and Eleni Gkrimpa. "Le città nelle fortificazioni: le isole ioniche in Grecia. Conoscenza e valorizzazione di un patrimonio." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11533.

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The cities in the fortifications: the Ionian islands in Greece. Knowledge and enhancement of a heritage Residing in the Mediterranean Sea, Ionian islands signify the passage from the west to the east. A constantly sought-after region due to the trade routes, was for a long time garrisoned and under the authority of the Venetian Republic (fourteenth-eighteenth centuries) that hindered with its fleet the Turkish invasions. The bigger islands that constitute the cluster of the Eptanisa: Corfu, Lefkada or Santa Maura, Ithaka, Kefalonia, Kythira, Zakinthos and more, that had strategic positions wit
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Reports on the topic "Trade routes – Eurasia – History"

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Yagci, Mustafa, and Mohamed Noordali. Maritime Trade: Riding the Waves of Commerce and Weathering the Storms of Disruption. Islamic Development Bank Institute, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55780/re24043.

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Throughout history, expansive oceans have served as viable trade routes, facilitating the interconnectedness and exchange of cultures among nations through the movement of goods and intellectual interchanges. The revolutionary introduction of containerized shipping in 1956 laid the groundwork for the profound integration of global economies, culminating in the phenomenon we now describe as globalization. By 2020, maritime trade had risen to an estimated value of USD12.3 trillion, representing approximately 70% of global trade. Containerized shipping dominated this sector, accounting for 66% of
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Kránitz, Péter Pál. The 3+2 Seas Initiative : Interconnecting Regional Cooperation Networks Along the Middle Corridor and the Three Seas Initiative. Magyar Külügyi Intézet, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2024.16.

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Central Europe is a hostage to geography and history. Regional states have historically benefited greatly from their position as a hub along the East-West and North-South trade corridors. Later, however, the Iron Curtain and, more recently, the Russo-Ukrainian war cut the region off first from the West and then from the East, while the European Union’s infrastructure and connectivity development policies have favoured Western member states at the expense of East-Central European countries. The prosperity of our region could be ensured if it regained a central position in NorthSouth and East-We
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