Academic literature on the topic 'Traditional chief institution'
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Journal articles on the topic "Traditional chief institution"
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Itua, Paul Okhaide. "Succession Under Customary Law in Nigeria. The Rule of Primogeniture versus the Deposition of a Traditional Ruler (Onojie) in Edo State: A critique of the Provisions of the Traditional Rulers and Chiefs Edicts No 16 of 1979." International Journal of Culture and History 6, no. 2 (September 25, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijch.v6i2.15125.
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Before the advent of colonial administration in the area, which is presently known as Nigeria, there existed a people occupying vast areas of territories, which were traditionally dominated by highly diverse ethnic groups with highly sophisticated language systems. Apart from the variation in the languages, there also exist shape differences in terms of customs and traditions. However, with the amalgamation of the southern and northern protectorate by Lord Frederick Lugard the former Governor-General of Nigeria in 1914 these territories were brought together for the convenience of British Colonial Administration. The new territory was called Nigeria. In furtherance of their quest for effective colonial administration, the British used to their advantage the traditional institutions that were well established in the country. Although traditional structures differ considerately from one ethnic group to another, but it was a common feature for these various ethnic groups to have their own established traditional institution with a recognised ruler, who may in turn be subordinate to the ruler of a larger community. The procedure regulating succession to the throne of these various traditional institutions are well defined by customs and traditions. These traditional ruler exercises absolute powers, and wade considerable influence in the affairs concerning their area of jurisdiction. However since the attainment of Independence in 1960, and followed by alternating between Military rule and civilian administration saw the decline and in some cases the eroding of the powers once excised by these traditional rulers. The once reviled absolute rulers suddenly discover that they are now subject to the powers of the state as provided in the various Traditional Rulers and Chief Law of the various states in the federation. These laws prescribed the mode of selection, appointment and discipline of a traditional ruler, which could include deposition or dethronement. In Edo State, succession to the throne as a traditional ruler in most of the communities is governed by the rule of primogeniture. Among the Esan people of Edo State their traditional ruler is known as the “Onojie” and succession to the throne is strictly by the principle of primogeniture. Recently, the Onojie of Uromi was deposed by the Edo State Government acting in accordance with provision of the Traditional Rulers and Chief Edict No 6 Laws of Bendel State of Nigeria 1979 applicable to Edo State. This article seeks to examine critically the aforesaid deposition of the Onojie against the Rule of primogeniture that regulate succession to the throne under Esan customary law.
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Neves, Fabrício Ramos, Polyana Batista Da Silva, and Hugo Leonardo Menezes de Carvalho. "Artificial Ladies against corruption: searching for legitimacy at the Brazilian Supreme Audit Institution." Revista de Contabilidade e Organizações 13 (November 28, 2019): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1982-6486.rco.2019.158530.
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This study depicts the search for legitimacy by four information technology artifacts in helping auditors in the surveillance against fraud and corruption by the Brazilian Supreme Audit Institution (TCU). ALICE, ADELE, MONICA, and SOFIA are Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems proposed to aid auditing processes in the public sector. A web-based survey has been used to gather the responses from 60 auditors across Brazil and semi-structured interviews with the Chief Data Officer, three IT Developers and five TCU Audit Managers selected by purposive sampling. The research finds that the use of AI-based systems is low among auditors at the TCU due to the perceived limited benefit. While some respondents recognized the advantages of the AI-based systems, they are put off by the weak theorization and diffusion regarding the meaning and the use of AI-based systems within the organization; they showed a priority for using traditional auditing methods instead of digital innovation, restricting the potential of anticorruption control by technological artifacts.
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Robin, Libby, and Stephen Boyden. "Telling the Bionarrative: a Museum of Environmental Ideas." Historical Records of Australian Science 29, no. 2 (2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18007.
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This paper explores the history of a proposal for an ideas-based museum of ecological concepts, a ‘National Biological Centre' for Canberra in 1965, and its successors.2 The background to the proposal came from changing ideas about zoos in the 1960s, and the emerging discipline of human ecology. The mission of the centre was to explore the relations between humans, other life-forms and their physical environment through what its chief protagonist, Stephen Boyden, called a comprehensive ‘bionarrative'.3 The centre was to facilitate the understanding of biophysical and social worlds as interrelated dynamic systems. The Biological Centre was conceived as a ‘major cultural institution' for the nation, reflecting relations between science and society, and informing culture with science.4 Unlike traditional natural history museums and zoos, collections of objects (or animals) were not its primary mission. This paper considers how the 1965 proposal for the Biological Centre anticipated later ‘museums of ideas', and reviews its relevance to new twenty-first-century museums of the Anthropocene, and how museums and related institutions can shed light on the role of science in society.
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Anwar, Muhammad. "Towards an Interest-Free Islamic Economic System." American Journal of Islam and Society 3, no. 1 (September 1, 1986): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v3i1.2763.
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The author, who is chief economist at the Banker's Equity Limited, aninterest-free institution in Pakistan, earned his Ph.D. in 1983 from BostonUniversity. This book, a revised version of his doctoral dissertation acceptedat that university, is the first publication sponsored by the International Associationfor Islamic Economics in collaboration with the Islamic Foundation.The study contains important lessons for both interest-bearing and theinterest-free Islamic societies. Theoreticians and practitioners in finance canequally benefit from this timely publication. It is therefore a very useful additionto the literature in Islamic economics and in the "signalling theory"in finance, which are both new and fast growing areas of study.Traditional banking is on the brink of crisis at present. The banks are failingat a post-depression record rate in the United States. Experts agree thata single event such as inability of the developing nations to service their debt,a steep fall in oil prices, withdrawal of petrodollars from the traditional institutions,or a significant rise in the interest rates, can lead to hture widespreadfailures of banking institutions. Traditional bankers in search of alternativessuch as Islamic banking can benefit from Dr. Khan's rigorous cost benefitanalysis.Muslim societies interested in Islamization can recognize some of the difficultiespointed out by the author, especially the information or disclosurecosts associated with interest-free financing. Material incentives, which frequentlyexceed the moral teachugs of Islam in contempomy Muslim societies,may lead to dishonesty in reporting the costs and benefits of business projectsamong the concerned parties.Chapter one outlines the objectives and organization of the study. Readersare informed that the origin of the principles of Islamic economics lies in ...
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Tishelman, Jared C., Dennis Vasquez-Montes, David S. Jevotovsky, Nicholas Stekas, Michael J. Moses, Raj J. Karia, Thomas Errico, Aaron J. Buckland, and Themistocles S. Protopsaltis. "Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System instruments: outperforming traditional quality of life measures in patients with back and neck pain." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 30, no. 4 (April 2019): 545–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.10.spine18571.
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OBJECTIVEThe Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) has become increasingly popular due to computer adaptive testing methodology. This study aims to validate the association between PROMIS and legacy outcome metrics and compare PROMIS to legacy metrics in terms of ceiling and floor effects and questionnaire burden.METHODSA retrospective review of an outcomes database was performed at a single institution from December 2016 to April 2017. Inclusion criteria were age > 18 years and a chief complaint of back pain or neck pain. The PROMIS computer adaptive testing Pain Interference, Physical Function (PF), and Pain Intensity domains; Oswestry Disability Index (ODI); Neck Disability Index (NDI); and visual analog scale (VAS) back, VAS leg, VAS neck, and VAS arm were completed in random order. PROMIS was compared to legacy metrics in terms of the average number of questions needed to complete each questionnaire and the score distributions in the lower and higher bounds of scores.RESULTSA total of 494 patients with back pain and 130 patients with neck pain were included. For back pain, ODI showed a strong correlation with PROMIS-PF (R = −0.749, p < 0.001), Pain Intensity (R = 0.709, p < 0.001), and Pain Interference (R = 0.790, p < 0.001) domains. Additionally, the PROMIS Pain Intensity domain correlated to both VAS back and neck pain (R = 0.642, p < 0.001 for both). PROMIS-PF took significantly fewer questions to complete compared to the ODI (4.123 vs 9.906, p < 0.001). When assessing for instrument sensitivity, neither survey presented a significant ceiling and floor effect in the back pain population (ODI: 0.40% and 2.63%; PROMIS-PF: 0.60% and 1.41%). In the neck pain cohort, NDI showed a strong correlation with PROMIS-PF (R = 0.771, p < 0.001). Additionally, PROMIS Pain Intensity correlated to VAS neck (R = 0.642, p < 0.001). The mean number of questions required to complete the questionnaire was much lower for PROMIS-PF compared to NDI (4.417 vs 10, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences found in terms of ceiling and floor effects for neck complaints (NDI: 2.3% and 6.92%; PROMIS-PF: 0.00% and 5.38%) or back complaints (ODI: 0.40% and 2.63%; PROMIS-PF: 1.41% and 0.60%).CONCLUSIONSPROMIS correlates strongly with traditional disability measures in patients with back pain and neck pain. For both back and neck pain, the PROMIS-PF required patients to answer significantly fewer questions to achieve similar granularity. There were no significant differences in ceiling and floor effects for NDI or ODI when compared with the PROMIS-PF instrument.
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Baldwin, Kate, and Eric Mvukiyehe. "Elections and Collective Action: Evidence from Changes in Traditional Institutions in Liberia." World Politics 67, no. 4 (August 3, 2015): 690–725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887115000210.
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Numerous recent field and laboratory experiments find that elections cause higher subsequent levels of collective action within groups. This article questions whether effects observed in these novel environments apply when traditional institutions are democratized. The authors test the external validity of the experimental findings by examining the effects of introducing elections in an indigenous institution in Liberia. They use a break in the process of selecting clan chiefs at the end of Liberia’s civil wars to identify the effects of elections on collective action within communities. Drawing on survey data and outcomes from behavioral games, the authors find that the introduction of elections for clan chiefs has little effect on community-level and national-level political participation but that it increases contentious collective action and lowers levels of contributions to public goods. These findings provide an important counterpoint to the experimental literature, suggesting that elections have less salutary effects on collective action when they replace customary practices.
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McGowan, Katharine, Andrea Kennedy, Mohamed El-Hussein, and Roy Bear Chief. "Decolonization, social innovation and rigidity in higher education." Social Enterprise Journal 16, no. 3 (May 29, 2020): 299–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sej-10-2019-0074.
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Purpose Reconciliation between Indigenous peoples and the Canadian plurality has stalled. While the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s (TRC) Calls to Action could be a focusing event, creating a window of opportunity for transformative social innovations; we see coalescing of interest, social capital and investment in decolonization and indigenization in the proliferation of professorships, programs, installations and statements. However, Blackfoot (Siksika) Elder Roy Bear Chief raised significant concerns that Indigenous knowledge, experiences and people are not yet seen as relevant and useful in higher education; such marginalization must be addressed at a systems level for authentic reconciliation at any colonial university. The purpose of this paper was to explore this dual goal of exploring barriers to and opportunities for Indigenous knowledges and knowledge holders to be valued as relevant and useful in the Canadian academy, using a complexity- and systems-informed lens. Design/methodology/approach Local Indigenous Elders provided guidance to reflect study purpose and target audience of academics, with an approach that respectfully weaved Westernized research methods and co-learning through indigenous knowledge mobilization strategies. This analysis extends results from a qualitative grounded theory study to explain social processes of professors and administrative leadership in a Canadian mid-sized university regarding barriers and facilitators of implementing TRC Calls to Action. This further interpretation of applied systems and panarchy heuristics broadens understanding to how such micro-social processes are positioned and influence larger scale institutional change. Findings This paper discusses how the social process of dominionization intentionally minimizes meaningful system disruption by othering indigenous knowledge and knowledge holders; this form of system-reinforcing boundary work contributes to rigidity and inhibits potentially transformative innovations from scaling beyond individual niches and moments in time. Elders’ consultation throughout the research process, including co-learning the meaning of findings, led to the gifting of traditional teachings and emerging systems and multi-scale framework on the relevance of indigenous knowledges and peoples in higher education. Research limitations/implications This study was performed in one faculty of one Canadian institution; an important and potentially widely-present social process was identified. Further research is needed for greater generalizability. Conditions that led to this study are increasingly common across Canada, where at least one third of higher education organizations have explicit indigenization strategies and internationally where the rights and self-determination of indigenous peoples are growing. Social implications Insights from this study can inform conversations about social innovation in institutional settings, and the current systems’ resistance to change, particularly when exploring place-based solutions to national/international questions. These initiatives have yet to transform institutions, and while transformation is rarely rapid (Moore et al., 2018), for these potential innovations to grow, they need to be sustainable beyond a brief window of opportunity. Scaling up or deep within the academy seems to remain stubbornly elusive despite attention to the TRC. Originality/value This study contributes to a growing literature that explores the possibilities and opportunities between Indigenous epistemologies and social innovation study and practice (McGowan, 2019; Peredo, McLean and Tremblay, 2019; Conrad, 2015), as well as scholarship around Indigenization and decolonization in Canada and internationally.
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Kwabena Boateng, Kwabena, and Stephen Afranie. "Chieftaincy: An Anachronistic Institution within a Democratic Dispensation? The Case of a Traditional Political System in Ghana." Ghana Journal of Development Studies 17, no. 1 (May 7, 2020): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjds.v17i1.2.
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Prior to colonial rule, governance in Africa rested on chiefs. However, colonialism and other currents of social change reduced the powers and functions of chiefs. Critics tagged the chieftaincy institution as anachronistic and even predicted its demise during the struggle for independence. However, chieftaincy has persisted after several years of Ghana’s independence. The paper specifically seeks to answer two fundamental questions: Is chieftaincy anachronistic? And, how relevant is chieftaincy in Ghana’s democratic dispensation. The paper is a desk review examining the instrumentality of the chieftaincy institution in the midst of a web of reputational challenges in contemporary Ghana. The study unearthed that the anachronistic label is pivoted on the undemocratic nature of chieftaincy institution and, chieftaincy and land disputes. Despite the above label, it was also found that chiefs are instrumental in conflict resolution, governance and administration, promotion of education and economic empowerment and performance of representational and diplomatic roles. Though people continue to perceive the chieftaincy institution as undemocratic, the institution has critical roles to play in contemporary Ghana. This paper recommends that studies should be conducted on how chiefs can be integrated into modern governance structures for them to contribute to national development.
Keywords: Chieftaincy, Anachronistic, Democratic, Social change, Traditionalism, Conservatism
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Fontoura Filho, Carlos. "Are the researcher and the reviewer focused on defending the journal’s credibility in the face of scientific demands?" Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/scijfootankle.2018.v12.879.
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The last editorial highlighted the importance of the internationalization of this journal as well as the use of well-defined standards and agile and modern mechanisms for the rapid publication of scientific material. In this scenario, there is concern about building a good level of content. A revival of the scientific tradition and the modernization (but not replacement) of the method and forms of review, from standardizations brought about by experimentalism to the inclusion of digital technology, are called for.
In an academic universe in which publication volume transcends optimistic expectations, new journals and scientific portals with global and instantaneous reach appear at every moment. Modernity is, according to Zygmunt Bauman1, liquid. Scientific production gallops. However, readers look for the best-supported content, recognizing that it is impossible to read every published article within their area of interest. With their good power of discernment, they choose more useful and higher-quality articles, leaving aside irrelevant ones. It is not wrong to state that an unread article is a lost article.
Moses Naim2, in his book "The End of Power", notes that it is increasingly feasible for a competent bureaucratic institution to achieve its optimal conceptual level and gain space in an environment in which traditional and powerful institutions already exist in the same segment. The barriers that protect the power of larger institutions are increasingly fragile. The digital age and the internet (mobility), the growing number of alternatives for the same product (more) and increasing intellectual preparation (mentality) help to break down these barriers that preserve the power of traditional organizations. For the same reasons, a newly ascended entity can easily lose its prominence. This phenomenon is what this author calls the revolution of the three “m’s”: more, mobility and mentality. This journal navigates in this sea of contemporary events, within which economic liberalism, for example, insinuates itself, albeit late.
The large volume of publications entails a predictable bias toward a great variety of content and, concurrently, an increase in the spectrum of methodological quality in both the higher and lower directions. This new reality calls on participants who are coherent and aware of their role in steering the "Scientific Journal" along the stormy sea route of a busy and demanding market.
It may be difficult to apply ideas that appear to be obvious: researchers need to produce relevant material with good scientific quality and sound methodology, and reviewers must match researchers’ efforts by devoting the same scientific competence, ethics and dedication to the production that they receive. Therefore, it is important to ask how, within a national context, researchers and reviewers can be prepared, mobilized, updated and improved such that they conduct their work in "firm steps" with good methods and well-applied tools.
See "Liquid Modernity" by Zygmunt Bauman, in which the author, a Polish sociologist and World War II refugee based in Great Britain, considers immediate modernity "light", "liquid", "fluid" and immensely more dynamic than "solid" modernity, which would have been dethroned.
Moisés Naím is a Venezuelan writer and columnist who has been the editor-in-chief of Foreign Policy magazine since 1996. He has written on international politics and economics, economic development, multilateral organizations, US foreign policy and the unintended consequences of globalization.
Carlos Fontoura FilhoReview Board, Scientific Journal of the Foot & AnkleDoctor in Medicine, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP) in Ribeirão PretoAdjunct Professor of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro
Reply to Professor
Dear Prof. Dr. Carlos Fontoura Filho,
First of all, thank you for your appreciation.
I was motivated when I read your letter and I was sure that our work is being pursued with a focus on best practices. Significant efforts are being expended to achieve our goals.
An interesting aspect to highlight is how editorial processes can suffer external influences, even in scientific environments, where the ethical conduct of authors, reviewers and editors must be above all else.
Practicing medicine under the aegis of ethics requires of the physician a broad experience in this social, moral environment, and constant updating, far beyond the strictly technical requirements. We are much more demanded in the multiple aspects of human relations, if compared to other professions. We must keep careful attention on all those aspects that govern the principles of education and training of young people not only as orthopedic surgeons of the foot and ankle but also as citizens of the world.
Jorge Mitsuo MizusakiEditor-in-chief
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Adotey, Edem. "Parallel or dependent? The state, chieftaincy and institutions of governance in Ghana." African Affairs 118, no. 473 (July 6, 2019): 628–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/ady060.
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Abstract In recent policy frameworks, traditional authorities have been (re)assigned roles of directly representing civil society and local communities as key actors in development, leading to questions about the relationship between the chieftaincy institution and the state in governance. Using the example of a chieftaincy dispute between the Sokpoe and Tefle, a Tongu-Ewe people of Ghana, at the heart of which are claims to paramountcy status, this article argues that chieftaincy and the state are not always parallel institutions of governance that derive their legitimacy from different sources. Struggles over chieftaincy hierarchies have become struggles for the preferential recognition by and access to the state conveyed by membership in the Houses of Chiefs. In effect, the chieftaincy institution may be both parallel to and dependent on the state. The article draws attention to the importance of hierarchy in explaining state-chieftaincy relationships because an understanding of the nuances of legitimacy in chieftaincy will enrich how chiefs are engaged as key actors in development.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traditional chief institution"
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Santos, Mário Jorge Caetano Brito. "DIE WECHSELWIRKUNGEN ZWISCHEN DEMOKRATISIERUNGSPROZESS UND KULTURELLEN VERÄNDERUNGEN DER LÄNDLICH-TRADITIONELLEN INSTITUTIONEN IN MOSAMBIK: Am Beispiel der ländlichen Regionen der Nampula-Provinz." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1212662852961-50919.
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Durch die Einführung der neuen mosambikanischen Verfassung 1990 und dem allgemeinen Friedensvertrag 1992 wurden die Bedingungen für die Demokratie in Mosambik geschaffen. Unterstützt werden die Demokratisierungsprozesse durch freie lokale Wahlen, Dezentralisie-rung und einem Wandel des öffentlichen und traditionellen Sektors. Parallel dazu entsteht eine Demokratieförderung durch den Staat und eine weitere Ausbildung bzw. Legalisierung der lokalen Gemeinschaftsautoritäten, die auch die ländliche Entwicklung beeinflussen. Die ständigen politischen Instabilitäten, die Marginalisierungen bzw. Ausnutzung der länd-lich-traditionellen Institutionen seit der Kolonialzeit und die schwache Legitimierung der so-zialistisch-marxistischen sowie westlich-demokratischen Institutionen führen in den Städten zu einer Wertekrise hinsichtlich der kulturellen Traditionen, der Geschichte, der öffentlichen Institutionen. Dies beeinflusst sowohl den allgemeinen Demokratisierungsprozess als auch die Entwicklung in den ländlichen Regionen. Jene Krisen-Phänomene um Identität und Legitimation sind nach Annahme zahlreicher For-schungsinstitutionen und Wissenschaftler eine unumgängliche Tatsache (u. a. Ética Moçam-bique, 2003), Ivala, 2003, Agenda 2025, 2004, Lalá & Ostheimer, 2004 und Magode, 2004). Die Ursachen dafür werden gesehen in den Folgen der 500jährigen Kolonialzeit, dem zehn Jahre dauernden Unabhängigkeitkampf, dem 16 Jahre währenden Burgerkrieg, in den politi-schen, Konflikt schürenden Wahlkämpfen, in der politischen Intoleranz gegenüber anderen Parteien oder ethnischen Gruppen, den ununterbrochen Gesetzesübertretungen, einem hohen Korruptionsniveau, in der Respektlosigkeit gegenüber lokalen und nationalen Symbolen, Werten, der Geschichte, Kultur, den Lokalinstitutionen und schließlich in moralische Fragili-täten. Mit der Reform des öffentlichen Sektors1 und der Anerkennung der etwa 5065 traditionellen und lokalen Gemeinschaftsautoritäten2 (autoridades tradicionais, sozialistisches System der Dynamisierungsgruppen) auf der ersten Stufe des Dekrets 15/2000 entsteht parallel zu den demokratischen Strukturen ein duales bzw. multiples System der Staatsverwaltung in den Dorfgemeinschaften und Distrikten. Genau in diesem Kontext entwickelt sich die Demokratisierung.In diesem Spannungsfeld steht auch der zentrale Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser Arbeit, der mit folgenden Fragen umrissen werden kann: In wieweit verzögern bzw. behindern die Spu-ren von Kolonialismus, Marxismus und kulturellen Traditionen die Demokratisierungsprozes-se in Mosambik? Gibt es auf der ländlichen Ebene Elemente, die mit dem entsprechenden Konzept von Demokratie korrespondieren? Und wenn ja, wie werden sie genutzt? Wie um-fangreich ist die politische Beteiligung der lokalen ländlichen Bevölkerung an den Demokra-tisierungsprozessen. Haben die Mosambikaner in den ländlichen Regionen eine alternative Perspektive bzw. Aussichten auf den Ausbau demokratischer Strukturen und die Entwicklung der ländlichen Institutionen? In einigen Ländern der SADC und des Commonwealth (z.B. Malawi, Uganda, Sambia, Na-mibia etc.) – auch Mosambik ist Mitglied – haben die ländlich-traditionellen Institutionen per Gesetz einen legalisierten Status. Aber trotz des mosambikanischen Dekrets 15/2000 sind die ländlich-traditionellen Institutionen immer noch ein problematisches Thema, das Politiker, Regierende, Wissenschaftler, Journalisten und die Bevölkerung beschäftigt. Dieses demokra-tische Problem spitzt sich regelmäßig zu während jeder exekutiven, legislativen und kommu-nalen Wahlkampagne. Schon ca. sechs Monate vor den ersten Provinzwahlen verschärft sich die Situation; für die ländlichen Regionen handelt es sich dabei um alltägliche Probleme. Die Verankerung der Demokratie auf der ländlichen Ebene wird zu einem Hauptfaktor der ländlichen Entwicklung. Ausgehend von dieser These beabsichtigt diese Forschungsarbeit, Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen, wie die unterschiedlichen Akteure an den Demokratisie-rungsprozessen partizipieren, und welche Lokalinstitutionen, die mit der Reform des öffentli-chen Sektors in Verbindung stehen, dabei zum Tragen kommen.
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Santos, Mário Jorge Caetano Brito. "DIE WECHSELWIRKUNGEN ZWISCHEN DEMOKRATISIERUNGSPROZESS UND KULTURELLEN VERÄNDERUNGEN DER LÄNDLICH-TRADITIONELLEN INSTITUTIONEN IN MOSAMBIK: Am Beispiel der ländlichen Regionen der Nampula-Provinz." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2007. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A23817.
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Durch die Einführung der neuen mosambikanischen Verfassung 1990 und dem allgemeinen Friedensvertrag 1992 wurden die Bedingungen für die Demokratie in Mosambik geschaffen. Unterstützt werden die Demokratisierungsprozesse durch freie lokale Wahlen, Dezentralisie-rung und einem Wandel des öffentlichen und traditionellen Sektors. Parallel dazu entsteht eine Demokratieförderung durch den Staat und eine weitere Ausbildung bzw. Legalisierung der lokalen Gemeinschaftsautoritäten, die auch die ländliche Entwicklung beeinflussen. Die ständigen politischen Instabilitäten, die Marginalisierungen bzw. Ausnutzung der länd-lich-traditionellen Institutionen seit der Kolonialzeit und die schwache Legitimierung der so-zialistisch-marxistischen sowie westlich-demokratischen Institutionen führen in den Städten zu einer Wertekrise hinsichtlich der kulturellen Traditionen, der Geschichte, der öffentlichen Institutionen. Dies beeinflusst sowohl den allgemeinen Demokratisierungsprozess als auch die Entwicklung in den ländlichen Regionen. Jene Krisen-Phänomene um Identität und Legitimation sind nach Annahme zahlreicher For-schungsinstitutionen und Wissenschaftler eine unumgängliche Tatsache (u. a. Ética Moçam-bique, 2003), Ivala, 2003, Agenda 2025, 2004, Lalá & Ostheimer, 2004 und Magode, 2004). Die Ursachen dafür werden gesehen in den Folgen der 500jährigen Kolonialzeit, dem zehn Jahre dauernden Unabhängigkeitkampf, dem 16 Jahre währenden Burgerkrieg, in den politi-schen, Konflikt schürenden Wahlkämpfen, in der politischen Intoleranz gegenüber anderen Parteien oder ethnischen Gruppen, den ununterbrochen Gesetzesübertretungen, einem hohen Korruptionsniveau, in der Respektlosigkeit gegenüber lokalen und nationalen Symbolen, Werten, der Geschichte, Kultur, den Lokalinstitutionen und schließlich in moralische Fragili-täten. Mit der Reform des öffentlichen Sektors1 und der Anerkennung der etwa 5065 traditionellen und lokalen Gemeinschaftsautoritäten2 (autoridades tradicionais, sozialistisches System der Dynamisierungsgruppen) auf der ersten Stufe des Dekrets 15/2000 entsteht parallel zu den demokratischen Strukturen ein duales bzw. multiples System der Staatsverwaltung in den Dorfgemeinschaften und Distrikten. Genau in diesem Kontext entwickelt sich die Demokratisierung.In diesem Spannungsfeld steht auch der zentrale Untersuchungsgegenstand dieser Arbeit, der mit folgenden Fragen umrissen werden kann: In wieweit verzögern bzw. behindern die Spu-ren von Kolonialismus, Marxismus und kulturellen Traditionen die Demokratisierungsprozes-se in Mosambik? Gibt es auf der ländlichen Ebene Elemente, die mit dem entsprechenden Konzept von Demokratie korrespondieren? Und wenn ja, wie werden sie genutzt? Wie um-fangreich ist die politische Beteiligung der lokalen ländlichen Bevölkerung an den Demokra-tisierungsprozessen. Haben die Mosambikaner in den ländlichen Regionen eine alternative Perspektive bzw. Aussichten auf den Ausbau demokratischer Strukturen und die Entwicklung der ländlichen Institutionen? In einigen Ländern der SADC und des Commonwealth (z.B. Malawi, Uganda, Sambia, Na-mibia etc.) – auch Mosambik ist Mitglied – haben die ländlich-traditionellen Institutionen per Gesetz einen legalisierten Status. Aber trotz des mosambikanischen Dekrets 15/2000 sind die ländlich-traditionellen Institutionen immer noch ein problematisches Thema, das Politiker, Regierende, Wissenschaftler, Journalisten und die Bevölkerung beschäftigt. Dieses demokra-tische Problem spitzt sich regelmäßig zu während jeder exekutiven, legislativen und kommu-nalen Wahlkampagne. Schon ca. sechs Monate vor den ersten Provinzwahlen verschärft sich die Situation; für die ländlichen Regionen handelt es sich dabei um alltägliche Probleme. Die Verankerung der Demokratie auf der ländlichen Ebene wird zu einem Hauptfaktor der ländlichen Entwicklung. Ausgehend von dieser These beabsichtigt diese Forschungsarbeit, Erkenntnisse darüber zu gewinnen, wie die unterschiedlichen Akteure an den Demokratisie-rungsprozessen partizipieren, und welche Lokalinstitutionen, die mit der Reform des öffentli-chen Sektors in Verbindung stehen, dabei zum Tragen kommen.
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Tom, Patrick. "The liberal peace and post-conflict peacebuilding in Africa : Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2469.
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This thesis critiques liberal peacebuilding in Africa, with a particular focus on Sierra Leone. In particular, it examines the interface between the liberal peace and the “local”, the forms of agency that various local actors are expressing in response to the liberal peace and the hybrid forms of peace that are emerging in Sierra Leone. The thesis is built from an emerging critical literature that has argued for the need to shift from merely criticising liberal peacebuilding to examining local and contextual responses to it. Such contextualisation is crucial mainly because it helps us to develop a better understanding of the complex dynamics on the ground. The aim of this thesis is not to provide a new theory but to attempt to use the emerging insights from the critical scholarship through adopting the concept of hybridity in order to gain an understanding of the forms of peace that are emerging in post-conflict zones in Africa. This has not been comprehensively addressed in the context of post-conflict societies in Africa. Yet, much contemporary peace support operations are taking place in these societies that are characterised by multiple sources of legitimacy, authority and sovereignty. The thesis shows that in Sierra Leone local actors – from state elites to chiefs to civil society to ordinary people on the “margins of the state” – are not passive recipients of the liberal peace. It sheds new light on how hybridity can be created “from below” as citizens do not engage in outright resistance, but express various forms of agency including partial acceptance and internalisation of some elements of the liberal peace that they find useful to them; and use them to make demands for reforms against state elites who they do not trust and often criticise for their pre-occupation with political survival and consolidation of power. Further, it notes that in Sierra Leone a “post-liberal peace” that is locally-oriented might emerge on the “margins of the state” where culture, custom and tradition are predominant, and where neo-traditional civil society organisations act as vehicles for both the liberal peace and customary peacebuilding while allowing locals to lead the peacebuilding process. In Sierra Leone, there are also peace processes that are based on custom that are operating in parallel to the liberal peace, particularly in remote parts of the country.
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Taabazuing, Joseph. "Towards effective participation of chiefs in Ghana’s decentralization process: the case of Wenchi District." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4910.
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This study explores the interactive process between decentralized structures and traditional authorities in Wenchi district, with a view to generating lessons and insights that can guide the recommendation of a more appropriate decentralization framework to tap the strengths of traditional authorities towards accelerated rural development. Within the framework of action research methodology, mixed-methods were used to triangulate findings and enhance research rigour. Specific methods employed were focus group discussions (FGDs), in-depth interviews (IDIs), and observation, complemented by context analyses of relevant documents. It was found that the interactive processes between traditional authorities and decentralized structures are characterized mainly by competition for power and legitimacy, leading to mistrust and an inability to take advantage of the synergy effect between the two systems of local governance in accomplishing accelerated rural development. Key recommendations are that traditional authorities should not be fused with the decentralized structures, but should remain as countervailing institutions to check the misuse of power by the decentralized structures. However, traditional authorities should be given the ceremonial role of the right to address meetings of the District Assembly and the Area Councils. Additionally, chiefs should be given the chance to nominate at least two people onto the Unit Committees.Development Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)
Books on the topic "Traditional chief institution"
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DeWitt, Mark F. Training in Local Oral Traditions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190658397.003.0004.
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This chapter is a study of programs that offer performance training in oral-tradition musics at accredited two- and four-year postsecondary institutions in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, especially but not exclusively those that focus on traditions that developed in the region where the institution is located. The trajectory of oral-tradition musics in North American higher education is found to be one of gradual acceptance through many disconnected local efforts, resulting in a variety of solutions to problems inherent in reforming a curriculum not designed for the needs of learning in oral traditions. The chief intended audience of this chapter are faculty and administrators of schools and departments of music, especially those who are contemplating the addition of local oral-tradition music to their curriculum or are at least open to the idea of doing so.
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Balboni, Michael J., and Tracy A. Balboni. A Spirituality of Immanence. Edited by Michael J. Balboni and Tracy A. Balboni. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199325764.003.0012.
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This chapter argues that by secular medicine’s repudiation of religious partners, it ironically establishes itself as a religious-like phenomenon. Medicine is dangerously close to aligning itself with a spirituality of immanence centered on bodily cure and comfort as chief affection or ultimate concern. This realignment away from Western religions and toward a spirituality of immanence monopolizes the structures of medicine, marginalizing the Abrahamic religious traditions, and animating a rival spiritual power. Contemporary medicine is not freed from spirituality or religion. Medicine in its contemporary secular institutions and professions is both intrinsically spiritual in its ultimate concerns and loves and infused with a veiled, quasi-religious structure embedded in its systems. Clinicians are deeply socialized into immanence, leading them to unconsciously avoid or neglect their patients’ spiritual needs.
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Daley, SJ, Brian E. Irenaeus and Origen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281336.003.0003.
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Irenaeus wrote his two extant works chiefly to distinguish right faith from the various contemporary forms of “Gnostic” Christianity, which challenged the goodness and relevance of the material world, the body, and human institutions, promising instead secret, deeper knowledge of salvation in Christ that was available only to an elite. In response, Irenaeus affirmed the unity and constant providence of God in history, the narrative and doctrinal unity of the Hebrew Bible and the chief Christian documents, the personal unity of Christ as Son of God and son of Mary, and the worldwide unity of the church and its tradition of teaching. Origen of Alexandria also focused his efforts on correcting Gnostic understandings. The role of Christ, as God’s Word made flesh, is the heart of human redemption, revealing in his own biblical “titles” his identity as mediator between the unknowable Father and a straying humanity.
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Westphal, James, and Sun Hyun Park. Symbolic Management. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792055.001.0001.
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This book presents the symbolic management perspective as a comprehensive, behavioral theory of corporate governance. It describes a pervasive pattern of symbolic decoupling, or separation between appearances and reality, at each level of the governance system. The processes of governance are less efficient or effective than they appear, at every level: from interpersonal relations within organizations, such as relations between chief executive officers and directors and between top managers and lower-level employees, between firm leaders and external stakeholders, and between communities of leaders and groups of constituents. There is even a separation between appearances and reality at the level of the governance system. Symbolic management comprises the agentic practices by which decoupling is maintained at different levels of the system, including internal and external communications by firm leaders that conform to prevailing cultural values. The symbolic management perspective not only provides an integrative, behavioral alternative to economic theories of governance such as agency theory, but it subsumes economic theory. Agency theory is reconceived as a historically contingent, institutional logic, or a set of cultural values, assumptions, and prescriptions that became taken for granted among key stakeholders for a period of time. We reveal a gradual shift in institutional logics of governance, away from the traditional agency logic, and toward an alternative “neo-corporate” logic that reinterprets agency prescriptions and drops fundamental economic assumptions of agency theory. Our theory and research ultimately demonstrate how the symbolic management activities of firm leaders have contributed to this historical shift in prevailing logics of governance.
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Malagaris, George. Biruni. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190124021.001.0001.
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This book places Biruni in his historical and cultural context within the long-term history of medieval Eurasia. It outlines the course of Biruni’s life, clarifying key questions about his associations, travels, and patrons. Following an overview of Biruni’s chief interests, it details his major works to illustrate the breadth of Biruni’s output and his intellectual approach, especially his attention to language, esteem for knowledge, and commitment to objective truth. An account of his institutional context and relationships elucidates his friendships and rivalries, notably with Avicenna. The book also shows how varied paths of transmission affected the legacy of Biruni and its reception in global scientific and literary traditions. Finally, a timeline, list of key works, and detailed bibliographic essay will guide readers into further study of Biruni and his thought. This comprehensive overview of Biruni is based on the Arabic and Persian primary sources in the original languages using the best editions. The author has consulted scholarship in French, German, and Russian to draw conclusions and present up-to-date bibliographic references in a manner accessible to specialists and the general reader alike.
Book chapters on the topic "Traditional chief institution"
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Harel, Yaron. "Education—Traditional and Modern." In Syrian Jewry in Transition, 1840-1880, 77–94. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113652.003.0006.
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AS IN THE ELECTION of chief rabbis and the communal administration, so in education the wealthy elites, including the Francos, exercised decisive influence within the Jewish communities of Syria. Throughout the period under examination here the majority of Jewish boys continued to study in traditional frameworks; nonetheless, these years also saw a rising number of students enrolling in the modern schools for boys established by the Alliance Israélite Universelle and the foundation of Alliance institutions for girls. The process of introducing modern educational institutions illustrates once again how divisions within the Jewish community affected Jewish life in Syria....
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Kurebwa, Jeffrey. "The Institution of Traditional Leadership and Local Governance in Zimbabwe." In African Studies, 715–32. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3019-1.ch038.
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This article describes how traditional leaders play important developmental, administrative and political roles in rural areas, despite modern state structures. They regulate rural life, control access to land, and settle various disputes. They are respected leaders in their communities. The existence of traditional leaders means that both the decentralisation and the strengthening of local governance are not taking place in a vacuum. Documentary sources such as the Constitution of Zimbabwe; the Traditional Leaders Act (2000) and Chiefs and Headmen Act (1982); newspapers and unpublished non-governmental organisations (NGOs) evaluations and reports were used in this article. Traditional leaders have played a pivotal role in ensuring that the ZANU-PF government remains in power since 1980. In principle, traditional leaders should not be drawn into party politics and their role should remain one of the neutral leadership. If the traditional leader assumes a party-political role, one should appoint a substitute to handle their traditional role to avoid a conflict of interest.
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Harel, Yaron. "Leadership and Communal Administration." In Syrian Jewry in Transition, 1840-1880, 58–76. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113652.003.0005.
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F OR centuries the institutional structure and functioning of the Syrian Jewish community was grounded in enduring worldwide patterns dating back to the talmudic period. By touching upon the structure and leadership of the religious minorities in the Ottoman empire, the Tanzimat altered the traditional autonomy of the non-Muslim communities vis-à-vis the imperial regime. The mid-nineteenth century saw the reorganization and remodelling of the structure of the Syrian Jewish communities under the influence of the Ottoman reforms. The most significant measures related to the institutionalization of the office of chief rabbi (...
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Oniku, Ayodele. "Social Class and Consumer Behaviour in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services, 361–82. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0282-1.ch016.
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The development around social class evolvement in sub-Saharan African market dated back to pre-colonial era when traditional African institution operated on the basis of royalty, land ownership, subjugation of weak tribe and superiority of strong and powerful tribes. The advent of slavery and migration of white settlers and traders (slaves and goods) further entrenched social class structure in the system. The advent of colonial rule greatly impacted social class system whereby new strata were created based on the new administrative system that colonial system introduced into sub-Saharan Africa. Largely, acquisition of formal education, salary and wage-collection jobs, business opportunities, western religion, clothing styles and new roles to the traditional chiefs opened doors for new social class strata. Social class has witnessed development and improvement that has further improved marketing system and consumer understanding in the society through design of products and services for the market.
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Oniku, Ayodele. "Social Class and Consumer Behaviour in Sub-Saharan Africa." In African Studies, 147–68. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3019-1.ch008.
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The development around social class evolvement in sub-Saharan African market dated back to pre-colonial era when traditional African institution operated on the basis of royalty, land ownership, subjugation of weak tribe and superiority of strong and powerful tribes. The advent of slavery and migration of white settlers and traders (slaves and goods) further entrenched social class structure in the system. The advent of colonial rule greatly impacted social class system whereby new strata were created based on the new administrative system that colonial system introduced into sub-Saharan Africa. Largely, acquisition of formal education, salary and wage-collection jobs, business opportunities, western religion, clothing styles and new roles to the traditional chiefs opened doors for new social class strata. Social class has witnessed development and improvement that has further improved marketing system and consumer understanding in the society through design of products and services for the market.
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Oniku, Ayodele. "Social Class and Consumer Behavior in Sub-Saharan Africa." In Exploring the Dynamics of Consumerism in Developing Nations, 195–217. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7906-9.ch009.
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The development around social class evolvement in sub-Saharan African market dated back to pre-colonial era when traditional African institution operated on the basis of royalty, land ownership, subjugation of weak tribe, and superiority of strong and powerful tribes. The advent of slavery and migration of white settlers and traders (slaves and goods) further entrenched social class structure in the system. The advent of colonial rule greatly impacted social class system whereby new strata were created based on the new administrative system that colonial system introduced into sub-Saharan Africa. Largely, acquisition of formal education, salary and wage-collection jobs, business opportunities, Western religion, clothing styles, and new roles to the traditional chiefs opened doors for new social class strata. Social class has witnessed development and improvement that has further improved marketing system and consumer understanding in the society through design of products and services for the market.
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Adera, Beatrice, and Michelle Fisher. "Best Practices for Online Training and Support for Online Instructors." In Handbook of Research on Virtual Training and Mentoring of Online Instructors, 378–96. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6322-8.ch018.
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The educational landscape in the past decade has seen exponential growth in online education with online enrollments in many graduate programs outpacing traditional enrollments. This rapid expansion has been attributed to increased student demand, declining budgets, recruitment and retention efforts. A study conducted by Babson College's Arthur M. Blank Center for Entrepreneurship reported that approximately 33.5% of college students completed at least one online course before graduation. The authors also reported that 70.8% of Chief Academic Officers (CAOs) reported that expansion of online course offerings was critical to the long-term strategic plan for their universities. Despite the growth in online enrollment, many institutions find online course development to be a costly, labor-intensive process. This chapter provides an overview of the different components of a quality online course and examines best practices for training and supporting online instructors through the course development and delivery process.
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Trigo, António, João Varajão, Pedro Soto-Acosta, João Barroso, Francisco J. Molina-Castillo, and Nicolas Gonzalvez-Gallego. "IT Professionals." In Professional Advancements and Management Trends in the IT Sector, 32–45. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0924-2.ch003.
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Nowadays, Universities and other Training Institutions need to clearly identify the Information Technology (IT) skills that companies demand from IT practitioners. This is essential not only for offering appropriate and reliable university degrees, but also to help future IT professionals on where to focus in order to achieve better job positions. In an attempt to address this issue, this study rely on 102 Chief Information Officers, from Iberian large companies, to characterize current IT professionals and what is expected from future hirings. Results revealed that IT Technicians and Senior Analysts are the predominant positions and also that future hiring will request candidates with at least two to five years of work experience. The two most important skills found were core functions at the IT department: business knowledge and user support. In contrast, traditional competences such as web development and management of emerging technologies were less demanded.
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Freeland, Richard M. "Introduction." In Academia's Golden Age. Oxford University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195054644.003.0005.
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This book began as an exploration of a paradox in the history of American universities. In the twenty-five years following World War II, the student population served by these institutions became more diverse and the societal purposes they served became more varied. Yet, during the same period, universities themselves became more alike. The contradictions were easy to observe. It was obvious that the academic and social backgrounds of students—and consequently their needs, skills, and interests—became more heterogeneous in the postwar years, yet the undergraduate curricula of universities increasingly stressed highly academic subjects, especially the arts and sciences. Similarly, universities pursued a well-documented trend toward greater involvement in practical affairs and social problem solving in the 1950s and 1960s, while also adhering to a narrowing focus on doctoral programs and research in the basic disciplines. I wanted to understand the forces, both internal and external to campuses, that promoted this puzzling conjunction of converging characteristics and expanding functions. I also wanted to assess the academic and social consequences of this pattern. The decline of institutional diversity was only the most startling of a number of apparently inconsistent developments associated with an era of historic growth among universities. Almost as curious was the fact that, while expansion occurred mostly to accommodate increased demand for college education, institutional attention to teaching diminished, as did concern about the undergraduate curriculum. Meanwhile, graduate programs, whose chief function was to train college teachers, tended to slight preparation for instructional work and to nurture research skills. Indeed, as growth intensified academia’s role in socializing the nation’s youth, universities dismantled the programs of general education that were the primary vehicles they had created for that purpose. More broadly, the active involvement of universities in the definition and resolution of social problems went hand in hand with the consolidation of an academic value system quite remote from most Americans. Even the increasing heterogeneity of the student population was not free of contradiction. Academic leaders claimed credit for making their institutions more democratic during the postwar years by reducing traditional barriers to admission—including those of income and race.
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Wong, Eric T. T. "Impact of E-Learning During SARS Outbreak in Hong Kong." In The Social and Cognitive Impacts of e-Commerce on Modern Organizations, 185–203. IGI Global, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-249-7.ch009.
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The potential benefits of e-commerce have been reported widely in the literature, and e-learning has been gradually accepted as a social tool for e-commerce at tertiary institutions (Parker, 2003). In this chapter the impact of e-commerce on the local community during a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Hong Kong will be briefly described, with an emphasis on the use of E-learning technology as a contingency measure in tertiary institutions. At the height of the SARS epidemic in April 2003, Hong Kong had 60 to 80 new cases of the disease each day. Hundreds of thousands of residents wore surgical masks in an attempt to avoid catching the virus. All schools and universities were ordered closed and governments invoked quarantine laws not used for decades to isolate those who might be carriers. Explained Hong Kong’s Chief Executive Tung Chee-hwa in announcing tougher measures to curb the spread of the disease: “Hong Kong is currently facing its most serious contagious disease threat in 50 years.” As a contingency measure e-learning technology was employed in the local higher education. This chapter aims to identify some of the practical difficulties involved in an evaluation of the academic performance of two groups of engineering students taking an introductory course - one group studied via e-learning and the other studied through the traditional classroom approach. Preliminary findings showed that with limited time available for the course design and delivery, the examination result of the e-learning class was slightly better than the traditional class. With positive student feedback on the e-learning approach, this would imply that e-learning shows a potential for substituting some of the traditional course elements, especially for topics relating to higher-order thinking skills. To generalize these findings more studies with properly controlled experimental design would need to be carried out. Directions for future work are also suggested.