Academic literature on the topic 'Traditional Drainage System'
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Journal articles on the topic "Traditional Drainage System"
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Fernández-Raga, María, Iván García-Díez, Julian Campo, Julio Viejo, and Covadonga Palencia. "Effectiveness of a New Drainage System for Decreasing Erosion in Road Hillslopes." Air, Soil and Water Research 14 (January 2021): 117862212098872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622120988722.
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Water is one of the most important erosive agents in roadside hillslopes. When these are built with ineffective drainage systems, erosion occurs, reducing road’s service life. However, these systems are not receiving the appropriate importance, given their strategic value. Therefore, a new drainage system called ‘branched’ is proposed in this study. Its technical and economic feasibility is compared with those of the traditional system, which consists of drainages with lines that follow maximum hillslope, to assess differences in relation to erosion, construction and maintenance costs, and service life. Different parameters were analysed, such as the average velocity of water (mm−1) running through the channels, its average specific energy (kJ), and its drag force (N). A scale model was constructed and used to test these factors before implementing it in natural terrain for testing it under field conditions. According to the theoretical and measured results, these factors were lower in the branched drainage than in the traditional one (from 24% to 34% in speed, from 37% to 60% in energy, and from 51% to 73% in force). The service life of hillslopes with a branched system of up to 0.5 m high and 1:2 grade is significantly longer than in those with a traditional drainage. Although the initial economic expense for the construction of the branched system is higher (€3534/m3 as opposed to €2930/m3 for the traditional one), its maintenance cost will be lower than the traditional one (€1230/m3 per year for the branched one as opposed to €1332/m3 per year for the traditional one). Consequently, under our experimental conditions, the proposed drainage will be profitable from the eighth year of construction, saving on the road maintenance in the following 15 years of service life.
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Jacobsen, Kristina, Steven Talbert, and Joseph H. Boyer. "The benefits of digital drainage system versus traditional drainage system after robotic-assisted pulmonary lobectomy." Journal of Thoracic Disease 11, no. 12 (December 2019): 5328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.11.69.
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Starzec, Mariusz, and Józef Dziopak. "A Case Study of the Retention Efficiency of a Traditional and Innovative Drainage System." Resources 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9090108.
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To determine the effectiveness of the retention capacity utilization of traditional and innovative drainage systems equipped with damming partitions, the detailed model tests were carried out. The research results allowed indicating what values of the hydraulic parameter of the innovative drainage system should be adopted in order to effectively use the retention capacity of drainage collectors. The adoption of short distances between the LKR damming partitions and a high level of permissible rainfall of stormwater Hper turned out to be the most effective solution. In the most favorable conditions, the peak flow was reduced by up to 60% (717.46 dm3/s) compared to the values established in the traditional drainage system (1807.62 dm3/s). The benefits obtained resulted from the increased retention efficiency of the drainage system after equipping it with the damming partitions. It was found that the innovative system always achieved the maximum retention capacity with longer rainfall compared to the traditional system. In the real catchment area, an increase in the use of the retention capacity of the drainage system, from an initial value of 65% for a traditional system to almost 88% for an innovative system, was also found. Very large variability of the volume of accumulated stormwater in the conduits of the traditional and innovative drainage system was observed during rainfall, which generated the peak rainfall discharge in the innovative system. With rainfall of TRK duration, the innovative system accumulated up to 746.50 m3 more stormwater compared to a traditional system, which was 49.2% of the total retention capacity of the drainage system, with a value of 1515.76 m3. The approach to reduce the growing flood risk in cities provided the right approach to long-term urban drainage system planning, especially since traditional drainage systems are still the leading way to transport stormwater in cities. In addition, the innovative sewage system gives the possibility of favorable cooperation with any objects (LID) and retention tanks with any hydraulic model. The implementation of an innovative system allows achieving significant financial savings and reducing the need to reserve areas designated for infrastructure investments.
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Thorndahl, S. "Stochastic long term modelling of a drainage system with estimation of return period uncertainty." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 12 (June 1, 2009): 2331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.305.
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Long term prediction of maximum water levels and combined sewer overflow (CSO) in drainage systems are associated with large uncertainties. Especially on rainfall inputs, parameters, and assessment of return periods. This paper proposes a Monte Carlo based methodology for stochastic prediction of both maximum water levels as well as CSO volumes based on operations of the urban drainage model MOUSE in a single catchment case study. Results show quite a wide confidence interval of the model predictions especially on the large return periods. Traditionally, return periods of drainage system predictions are based on ranking, but this paper proposes a new methodology for the assessment of return periods. Based on statistics of characteristic rainfall parameters and correlation with drainage system predictions, it is possible to predict return periods more reliably, and with smaller confidence bands compared to the traditional methodology.
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Starzec, Mariusz, Józef Dziopak, and Daniel Słyś. "An Analysis of Stormwater Management Variants in Urban Catchments." Resources 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9020019.
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In order to identify the most effective variants for reducing flood risk in cities and to provide protection for water resources, an in-depth study was carried out. The research results allowed for the identification of sustainable drainage infrastructure solutions that should be used to increase the efficiency of traditional drainage systems. The most effective solution turned out to be the simultaneous use of low impact development facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems (Variant IV). Applicationof this variant (maximum discharge QOmax = 246.39 dm3/s) allowed for the reduction of the peak flow by as much as 86% in relation to those values that were established in the traditional drainage system (maximum discharge QOmax = 1807.62 dm3/s). The use of Variant IV allowed for a combination of the advantages of low impact development (LID) facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems while limiting their disadvantages. In practice, the flow of rainwater from the catchment area to the drainage system was limited, the share of green areas increased, and the drainage system retention capacity grew. The proposed approach for reducing the increasing flood risk in cities and providing protection for water resources provides a structured approach to long-term urban drainage system planning and land use guidelines.
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Haq, Nurdin Nashrul, Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, and Suardi Tarumun. "Strategi Pengelolaan Drainase Pasar Tradisional Palapa di Kota Pekanbaru." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.2.1.p.17-25.
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This research was conducted in Mei to July 2014 in Palapa Tradional Market,Durian Street, East Labuhbaru, Payung Sekaki Sub-district, Pekanbaru. The purpose of thisresearch is to analyze the government policy in drainage market management of Palapatraditional market in pekanbaru, to identify strength, weakness, opportunity and threat ofPalapa traditional market management in Pekanbaru. Formulate drainage managementstrategy of Palapa Traditional Market in Pekanbaru. The data was collected qualitatively byusing interview, observation and survey. The data was analyzed by using SWOT analysis. Thestrategy of Palapa Traditional Market management is to increase the drainage infrastructuresystem of Palapa market activity the efforts to improve drainage quality of Palapa TraditionalMarket. the efforts to improve performance quality of market UPTD toward drainage toevaluate the government policy in drainage management. The efforts to increase drainageservice system by establishing new drainage or widening old drainage to evoke the traderparticipation in maintenance operation of market drainage canals. To make a drainage planaccurately based on the drainage technique to establish the regulation and institution thatoversee the drainage management system and to punish drainage destroyer.
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Liu, Li, and De An Zhao. "Drainpipe Network Management Information System Design Based on GIS and DSS." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1964.
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Abstract. Introduced the current situation drainage network of Zhenjiang and the problems of traditional information management, combined geographic information technology and decision support technology, using vb as a tool to develop Zhenjiang drainpipe network management information system, tell the structure and the target function, describe the completed part of the system, shows the results of JiangBin Hospital pilot project, the established system improves the shortcomings of traditional drainage network management, raises efficiency.
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Meng, Zhang, Tao Zhu Feng, and Guo Feng. "The Research and Development of the Coal Mine Underground Drainage Equipment Automatic Control System." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1038.
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The coal mine drainage equip ment plays an important role to make the production normally and orderly. At present, domestic coal mine drainage system implement manual monitoring, namely the traditional relay control method.Feature of this method is that a large labor intensity, low reliability and stability,and complicated control circuit,it has not adapted to the needs of the development of coal.In this paper, design of the automatic drainage system is to make up for the shortage of the traditional relay control,it adopts PLC control with a combination of PC monitor to improve the safety of the work,and has a long service life, convenient maintenance, etc.
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Bai, Y. Z., Jian Chen, and Bei Cheng. "Slurry Improvement by Direct Drainage Vacuum Preloading Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.589.
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Traditional vacuum preloading method has two drainage parts: 1) horizontal drainage part-sand cushion; 2) vertical drainage part-(Prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) and so on). During vacuum preloading process, the drainage effect of horizontal sand cushion is strong near stabilized soil surface and decreases rapidly at deeper position, while drainage range of vertical drain includes whole stabilized soil depth and its drainage ability is higher. So, it is important to improve the drainage design of vacuum preloading system to transmit vacuum head to vertical drain more efficiently. This paper presents a new vacuum preloading method-direct drainage vacuum preloading method (DDVP method). Compared with traditional vacuum preloading method, this system cancels horizontal drainage part-sand cushion and uses sealed pipe to directly connect with PVDs. Vacuum head can be transmitted into PVD without attenuation. Field test is applied to study the effect of slurry improvement of this method.
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Petrovic, Jasna, and Jovan Despotovic. "Historical rainfall for urban storm drainage design." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 11 (June 1, 1998): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0446.
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Traditional design method for urban drainage systems is based on design storms and its major drawback is that frequencies of peak flows in the system are considered equal to frequencies of design storms. An alternative is to use historical storms with rainfall-runoff models to produce a series of possible flows in the system and their frequencies. The latter approach involves more computations and can be laborious for larger catchments. This paper considers ways to reduce the set of historical storms to be involved in design procedure and yet to lead to realistic flow frequencies. Frequencies obtained by rainfall-runoff simulation at an experimental catchment are compared with frequencies of observed peak flows in the system.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traditional Drainage System"
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"Life-Cycle-Cost Analysis of using Low Impact Development Compared to Traditional Drainage Systems in Arizona: Using Value Engineering to Mitigate Urban Runoff." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53769.
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abstract: The rate of urbanization has been impacted by global economic growth. A strong economy results in more people moving to already crowded urban centers to take advantage of increased employment opportunities often resulting in sprawling of the urban area. More natural land resources are being exploited to accommodate these anthropogenic activities. Subsequently, numerous natural land resources such as green areas or porous soil, which are less flood-prone and more permeable are being converted into buildings, parking lots, roads and underground utilities that are less permeable to stormwater runoff from rain events. With the diminishing of the natural landscape that can drain stormwater during a rainfall event, urban underground drainage systems are being designed and built to tackle the excess runoff resulting from urbanization. However, the construction of a drainage system is expensive and usually involves massive land excavations and tremendous environmental disturbances. The option for constructing an underground drainage system is even more difficult in dense urban environments due to the complicated underground environments, creating a need for low footprint solutions. This need has led to emerging opportunities for low impact development (LID) methods or green infrastructures, which are viewed as an environmentally friendly alternative for dealing with stormwater runoff. LID mimics the pre-development environment to retain the stormwater runoff through infiltration, retention, detention and evaporation. Despite a significant amount of prior research having been conducted to analyze the performance of runoff volume reduction and peak flow decrement of various green infrastructures, little is known about the economic benefits of using LID practices.
This dissertation fills the gap in the knowledge regarding the life-cycle-cost effectiveness of green infrastructure in current urban developments. This study’s two research objectives are:
(1) Develop a life cycle cost calculation template to analyze the cost benefits of using LID compared to the traditional drainage system
(2) Quantify the cost benefits based on the real-world construction projects
A thorough literature review led to the data collection of the hydrological benefits of using LIDs in conjunction with overviewing three real-world construction projects to quantify the cost benefits of LIDs.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2019
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Wentzel, Dorithea Maria. "Kwasizabantu : a spatial development framework and detail design." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24388.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse and interpret the existent and future needs of the people and environment of the mission station, Kwasizabantu,to ensure settlement growth that will enhance the social, economical and environmental aspects of the settlement. This will result in a development framework of the whole site, a master plan for the lifespan of the settlement and detailed design of the heart of the settlement.Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009.
Architecture
unrestricted
Books on the topic "Traditional Drainage System"
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Hall, Tony. Life and Death of the Australian Backyard. CSIRO Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098176.
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A substantial backyard has long been considered an iconic feature of the Australian suburb. Nevertheless, during the 1990s, a dramatic change occurred: substantial backyards largely disappeared from new suburban houses in Australia.
Whatever the size of lot, the dwelling now covers most of its developable area. Although the planning system does not actually promote this change, it does little to prevent it. It appears to be a physical expression of the way that Australian lifestyles are changing for the worse, in particular longer working hours. This in turn raises issues about health and wellbeing, especially for children.
Vegetation surrounding the dwelling plays an important role in microclimate, storm drainage and biodiversity, irrespective of whether the residents use their backyard. Its loss has serious ecological implications, a deficit rendered permanent by the changes to the housing stock.
The Life and Death of the Australian Backyard is based on a detailed quantitative study of this increasing, but previously unstudied, problem. It discusses the nature, uses and meaning of the traditional backyard, presents an understanding of the changes that have been happening and suggests possible remedies. All professionals working in the landscape and development industries, local government, consultancies and in universities should read this unique study of an issue of increasing significance to urban sustainability.
Book chapters on the topic "Traditional Drainage System"
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Reyes, Betsabé, Javier Padilla, Pilar Elena González, and Pablo Sanz. "Necrotizing Pancreatitis: Step Up Approach." In Pancreatitis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96196.
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Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a inflamatory condition of the pancreatic gland with or without involvement of peripancreatic tissues and distant organs. The incidence of AP is 20–35 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year, with an overall mortality of 2–10%. In recent decades the incidence of AP has increased globally. Most cases follow a mild, self-limiting course, but 10–20% of patients develop a severe form with systemic and local life-threatening complications of pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis come about 20–40% of patient with severe AP and aggravate organ functions. The traditional approach to the treatment of necrotizing pancreatitis with secondary infection of necrotic tissue is open necrosectomy to remove the infected necrotic tissue. But this is associated with high rates of complications, death and pancreatic insufficiency. The benefits of sequential treatment in cases of infected necrosis (“Step an approach”) compared to traditional open necrosectomy, showing less morbidity and lower costs. The sequential treatment is an alternative to open necrosectomy, including percutaneous drainage, endoscopic (transgastric) drainage, and minimally invasive retroperitoneal necrosectomy. With this approach, up to 35% of patients can be treated only with drainage, to avoid necrosectomy and to reduce the percentage of complications. In this chapter we present the step-by-step approach.
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Singh, Yogranjan, Sathak Pandey, and Amit Kumar Goswami. "Ensuring Water Availability in Future through Revival of Indian Traditional Water Culture." In Environmental Management [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99311.
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After the recurrent spells of weak monsoons, a big part of the country’s population, are affected by a severe drought obliging India to walk towards a water-stressed future. The drought has dried up wells and other water reservoirs already stressed by overuse resulting into crop failure to a reasonable extent of more than 60 per cent. The current water management systems particularly in rural areas are poorly equipped to deal with the issue in significant part because they do not promote distributed water collection, water conservation, and water reuse. Providentially, a combination of often forgotten traditional water practices and more recent innovations in water use and management can help resolve this growing water crisis. These include rainwater capture, water recycling and reuse, and innovative technologies to purify water. India’s history is witness to how well-planned cities of our ancient civilization were equipped with outstanding systems of water harvesting and drainage. These ancient structures synergized with well validated water practices were the strong support systems during the times when the modern infrastructural marvels did not exist, but they were more than efficient in managing the water resources even at the time. Today the traditional water practices and ancient but ignored water sources of the country are yearning to discharge the ancient traditions to revive the glorious history of their past for the dire need of the hour. If water strategists aim to spread the message of water conservation to the common people and want to ensure that every drop of water is conserved, then the proven and scientifically validated Indian traditional water culture will have to be revived. Coincidently, customary water bodies have always been subject of reverence for Indians, reviving these traditional water bodies by involving locals could be a strategy that every region needs to adopt. Stepping up these revival options will indispensably require change in legal and regulatory framework but will perceptibly offer policy makers a better chance to meet present demands and future needs in an increasingly water-constrained India.
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Roberts, Patrick. "Tropical Bounties The Emergence of Tropical Forest Agricultures." In Tropical Forests in Prehistory, History, and Modernity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818496.003.0009.
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The transition from the Terminal Pleistocene to the Holocene (c. 12–8 ka) witnessed increasingly intensive human manipulation of plant and animal resources that resulted in genetic and phenotypic changes in various species as part of what has been termed the ‘origins of agriculture’. This process has been cited as one of the most significant ecological occurrences in human evolutionary history (Bocquet-Appel, 2011; Larson et al., 2014), representing a shift in human interactions with the natural world with global environmental ramifications (Fuller et al., 2011a; Boivin et al., 2016). Martin Jones (2007) has also discussed the cultural and social changes resulting from the new spatial and practical proximity of domesticated plants and animals that made them effectively ‘family’ or ‘kin’. The tropics have, for a long time, been left out of discussions of this process, with poor preservation conditions considered unlikely to produce incipient crop or animal domesticate remains and some even arguing that the wet and acidic soils of tropical forests were too poor to support agriculture (Meggers, 1971, 1977, 1987; Grollemund et al., 2015). Nevertheless, emerging datasets from Melanesia, North and Central America, South America, and Africa are demonstrating that cultivation and, to a lesser extent, herding practices also emerged indigenously in these regions and, in some cases, perhaps as early as the traditional focus point of the ‘Fertile Crescent’ in the Near East. Moreover, these examples are having significant impacts on the way we conceptualize the emergence of ‘agriculture’ and the adaptive and social changes required (Denham et al., 2004, 2009; Barton and Denham, 2011). Here, I explore the distinctive nature of early agricultures in tropical forest environments. I also evaluate their predecessors in the form of human management including forest burning to stimulate faunal and floral growth and diversity, the deliberate movement of faunal species into tropical forest environments, and the emergence of arboriculture cultivation. In doing so, I document how the species and strategies involved in these processes differ globally with varying tropical forest formations, ranging from a focus on long-term forest interaction, drainage system construction, and tree-cropping in Melanesia (Denham et al., 2003; Denham, 2011) to diverse hunting, fishing, and cultivation strategies in theAmazon (Roosevelt, 2000; Meggers and Miller, 2002).
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"Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation." In Multispecies and Watershed Approaches to Freshwater Fish Conservation, edited by Jack E. Williams. American Fisheries Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874578.ch1.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Traditional approaches to fish conservation have focused on the protection of small habitat patches or on individual species at risk of extinction. These strategies have been important yet largely have been too little and too late for widespread protection of aquatic faunas. Such small-scale and reactive approaches also are costly in terms of recovery programs and aggressive in terms of regulatory controls. Further, the linear nature of streams and the networked configuration of drainage systems suggest that a fundamentally different approach to reserve design and protected areas is necessary for effective conservation of freshwater communities when compared to terrestrial systems. Larger-scale, multispecies approaches to native fish conservation offer a more efficient and effective conservation strategy because entire fish communities and the ecological processes that support maintenance of habitat diversity can be sustained before the status of individual species deteriorates to critical levels. Protecting entire communities and watersheds also offers some resistance to climate change impacts, which rapidly are altering flow regimes and disturbance dynamics in aquatic systems. Identification and protection of high-value aquatic communities will provide an important supplement to current conservation strategies during times of increasing threats and future uncertainty.
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Stecca, Tommaso, Bruno Pauletti, Luca Bonariol, Ezio Caratozzolo, Enrico Battistella, Silvia Zilio, and Marco Massani. "Surgical and Interventional Management of Complications Caused by Pancreatitis." In Pancreatitis [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96747.
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Acute pancreatitis has a broad clinical spectrum: from mild, self-limited disease to fulminant illness resulting in multi-organ failure leading to a prolonged clinical course with up to 30% mortality in case of infected necrosis. Management of local complications such as pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis may vary from clinical observation to interventional treatment procedures. Gram negative bacteria infection may develop in up to one-third of patients with pancreatic necrosis leading to a clinical deterioration with the onset of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ failure. When feasible, an interventional treatment is indicated. Percutaneous or endoscopic drainage approach are the first choices. A combination of minimally invasive techniques (step-up approach) is possible in patients with large or multiple collections. Open surgical treatment has been revised both in the timing and in the operating modalities in the last decades. Since 1990s, the surgical treatment of infected necrosis shifted to a more conservative approach. Disruption of the main pancreatic duct is present in up to 50% of patients with pancreatic fluid collections. According to the location along the Wirsung, treatment may vary from percutaneous drainage, endoscopic retrograde pancreatography with sphincterectomy or stenting to traditional surgical procedures. Patients may suffer from vascular complications in up to 23% of cases. Tissue disruption provoked by lipolytic and proteolytic enzymes, iatrogenic complications during operative procedures, splenic vein thrombosis, and pseudoaneurysms are the pathophysiological determinants of bleeding. Interventional radiology is the first line treatment and when it fails or is not possible, an urgent surgical approach should be adopted. Chylous ascites, biliary strictures and duodenal stenosis are complications that, although uncommon and transient, may have different treatment modalities from non-operative, endoscopic to open surgery.
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Warrick, Arthur W. "One-Dimensional Infiltration and Vertical Flow." In Soil Water Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195126051.003.0010.
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This chapter addresses one-dimensional infiltration and vertical flow problems. Traditionally, infiltration has received more attention than other unsaturated flow procedures, both for empirical formulations and for applications of Richards’ equation. Rarely is infiltration the only process of interest, and from an overall point of view it is only one example of soil water dynamics. Here, we will first emphasize systems for which analytical (or quasi-analytical) solutions can be found. These include the Green and Ampt solution (1911), which adds gravity to the simplified analysis discussed in chapter 4. Then a linearized form of Richards’ equation will be examined, followed by the perturbation of the horizontal problem of Philip leading to his famous series solution. Although the closed-form and quasi-analytical solutions are convenient for calculations and discussing the physical principles, generally, the nonlinearity of Richards’ equation precludes such convenient forms. However, numerical approximations can be used. The conventional numerical methods applied in water and solute transport are based on finite differences and finite elements. Because of its greater simplicity, we will emphasize finite differences and build on the methodology from the saturated-flow example in chapter 3. Richards’ equation is a parabolic partial differential equation reducing to an elliptical form for steady-state cases. The analyses and methods parallel developments for techniques developed primarily for the linear diffusion equation. Many texts exist for numerical methods; one to which we refer is by Smith (1985). Ideally, numerical methods give solutions that are as accurate as the input warrants or as necessary for application. In some cases, results may be easier or more accurate than the evaluation of a complex analytical expression. Clearly, infiltration is of limited duration, with drainage and redistribution occurring over much longer time frames. We will visit briefly some steady-state examples, including layered profile and upward flow from a shallow water table. Other examples include modeling plant water uptake from the profile and drainage of initially wet profiles. The rapid increase in computational power and availability of computers make solutions feasible and routine for problems that were very tedious or time consuming only a few years ago. This is particularly true of the one-dimensional numerical solutions.
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"Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass." In Biology and Management of Inland Striped Bass and Hybrid Striped Bass, edited by Phillip W. Bettoli. American Fisheries Society, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781934874363.ch34.
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<em>Abstract</em>.—Much is known about the biology and management of striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em> and its hybrids, but much information is still needed for more effective management. Researchers are closing in on a grand unified theory of habitat selection by striped bass as a function of their size, thermal ecology, dissolved oxygen requirements, and forage availability. The role of forage in influencing habitat selection is perhaps the least understood and deserves further scrutiny to better predict the quality of striped bass fisheries. Although we can measure and model physico-chemical habitat quality, modeling habitat selection by striped bass is challenging, in part because systems vary widely in their physico-chemical and biological characteristics. Managing striped bass in some western U.S. waters, where natural reproduction can produce too many recruits, may become more challenging as reservoirs age and traditional fisheries for black basses <em>Micropterus</em> spp. decline. Modeling the population dynamics of striped bass and hybrid striped bass is simplified by the fact that most fisheries are maintained by stocking programs and the initial number of juvenile recruits is known with certainty; however, sampling protocols that will consistently yield unbiased estimates of key population parameters are needed. The potential for disruptive controversies surrounding striped bass management will always exist; however, increased use of conflict resolution techniques will help limit the collateral damage that often accompanies such controversies. Estimates of the benefits and costs associated with maintaining moronid fisheries are scarce but could ease such conflicts and help justify stocking programs. While inland striped bass and hybrid striped bass fisheries remain popular and are the focus of much management activity, the outlook for native stocks of striped bass in the Gulf of Mexico drainage is of concern. The state of knowledge concerning hybrid striped bass ecology and management is decades behind what we know about striped bass ecology and management. This situation needs to be addressed if agencies expand their hybrid striped bass stocking programs in response to changing reservoir environments, as some agencies in the southeast United States have already done.
Conference papers on the topic "Traditional Drainage System"
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de Almeida, Ma´rcio Manha˜es Gomes, Valter Librais Junior, and Nilson Vieira. "Management of OSBRA Project Portfolio: Learned Lessons After Several Cases and Many Years of Experience." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31088.
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OSBRA is a 20″ multiproduct pipeline operated by TRANSPETRO that supplies Diesel oil, gasoline and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from REPLAN, the Brazilian major refinery, to five Tank Farms located along the country Midwestern region. In 2001, five years after OSBRA first commissioning, TRANSPETRO initiated several projects to improve the pipeline and Tank Farms operational performance on quality, measurement, safety and environmental care. A project portfolio management system was established in order to keep control of projects conducted along the 964 kilometers of pipeline, its Tank Farms and two unmanned pump stations. Learned lessons and good practices were adopted from typical project management cases on the pipeline industry, such as: tank drainage, effluents and fire protection systems; improvements on pipeline measurement and control systems; improvements on pipeline leak detection system; tank construction; short length pipelines construction; truck loading and unloading terminal facilities; jet fuel receiving, storage and delivering system; technology developing projects and so on. Some of these projects were conducted based on PETROBRAS traditional experience on project management, some were conducted according to the Independent Project Analysis Institute - IPA and the best recommended practices from the PMI’s PMBOK® Guide, and others were conducted considering a mix of both practices. During the project, the members of the project team and its stakeholders were geographically spread out through several sites. This paper presents how the OSBRA project portfolio has been managed by a reduced multi-disciplinary team, including safety and environmental professionals, in order to keep each project aligned to meet its essential operational and business objectives.
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Cheng, Li, Can Luo, and Chao Liu. "Numerical Simulation of Relationship Between Flow Pattern and Hydraulic Performance of Tubular Pump." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62033.
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The bulb tubular pump had advantages of large capacity and low head. This type of pump has been widely used for water transportation project or irrigation and drainage. Nowadays China East Routine of South-to-North Water Transfers Project partly uses bulb tubular pumping station. In order to study the relationship between the flow pattern and hydraulic performance of bulb tubular pump system, the SIMPLEC algorithm, based on the RNG k-ε model with Wall-Function Law, is applied for the solution of the discretization governing equation. Using multiple reference frames, the flow detail of whole pumping system was attained. The calculation results were agreement with the test ones. The flow patterns of different operating point were analyzed. There were large eddy areas in the inlet of blades when pump systems were operated in small flowrates. The flow patterns of BEP (Best Efficiency Point) and large flowrate were good. The static pressure of suction face of leading edge was low and the static pressure of pressure face of leading edge was highest during BEP and small flowrate point. There were part low static pressure areas of leading edge of pressure surface and part high static pressure area of leading edge of suction surface during large flowrate point. The relationship between hydraulic loss of bulb of tubular pump and flowrate depended on the operating points and did not follow the quadratic law of traditional pipe. The optimal design of turbular pump should be mainly focused on the flow pattern of blades and guided vanes.
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Ilin, Vadim A., Yury V. Karlin, Sergey A. Dmitriev, Natalya G. Belyanina, and Vera Eu Makeeva. "Comparative Testing of New Sorbents for LRW Purification." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4537.
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Sorption of radionuclides from various liquid radioactive wastes (LRW) is almost a traditional method, which is usually applied while developing technologies for LRW purification. There are a great number of sorbents of different kind and sorption properties, but research in developing new types of sorbents with high functional properties is still in actual state. Especially it is very important for LRW purifying technologies, which apply sorption-membrane scheme of purification. This paper is devoted to the comparative testing of new sorbents (biosorbent, fitosorbent, modified natural zeolite, and synthetic sorbent on the base of barium sulfate and some others). The aim of this testing is to determine the main properties of new sorbents and to compare them with some well-known and industrially applied ones, for example, ion exchange resins, natural zeolites and some others. All the experiments were conducted with applying real LRW and namely, radioactive evaporation bottoms from Physical Energy Institute of Obninsk town (Kaluga region) and radioactive aqueous solution from near-surface solid radioactive waste (SRW) repository drainage system of Zagorsk (Sergiev Posad town of Moscow region) branch of Moscow SIA “Radon”. Distribution coefficients of some α-, β-, γ- radionuclides at sorption in static and dynamic conditions were obtained for studied sorbents. Conclusions and some recommendations on applying the studied sorbents have been done.
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Barboza, Tania S., Carlos Alberto Borges, and Aluisio S. Xavier Neto. "Participative Risk Management in the Construction of Onshore Pipelines." In 2000 3rd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2000-139.
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Accidents related to production, processing, storage and transportation of oil and its by-products have been studied extensively because of their social and environmental impacts. However, accidents relating to construction of oil facilities have been largely ignored by researches, perhaps because such accidents involve a smaller group of people and result in smaller-scale environmental impacts. Pipeline construction projects are particularly unique. As opposed to construction of processing plants, pipeline construction covers a very long reach, often involving varying site conditions. Consequently, there are more environmental issues, many of which vary from place to place along the pipeline route as a result of the differing soil, drainage, vegetation and exposure conditions. The variable conditions, exposure and consequences of accidents along a pipeline route result in many challenges related to risk management. Specifically, risk management is difficult as a result of transportation along the pipeline corridor, multiple access routes to the pipeline corridor, unique culture and social issues in various parts of the country, and remote working conditions. Major issues are moving work sites; crossing of different areas of the country with several typical cultural and regional aspects; multiple work sites and the isolation of workers in small groups. These factors make risk management particularly important, but easy to ignore. In this paper we discuss the major potential risks in every phase of the pipeline construction. The paper describes the company’s process for managing risk during pipeline construction. It identified the limitations of traditional safety management systems in coping with the critical problems related to environmental and safety issues. Many company are using integrated management systems as the major tools to control risk. Such systems cover health, safety and environmental issues (HSE). PETROBARS, as the largest Brazilian oil company and one of the leading oil companies in the world, has adopted the HSE system. The system focuses on employee participation in implementation of the HSE system.
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Rose, Jerry G., Paulo Fonseca Teixeira, and Nathan E. Ridgway. "Utilization of Asphalt/Bituminous Layers and Coatings in Railway Trackbeds: A Compendium of International Applications." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36146.
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During the past thirty years the use of a layer(s) of hot-mix asphalt pavement within railway track structures has steadily increased until it is becoming a common consideration or practice for specific conditions and areas in several countries throughout the world. This practice augments, and for certain designs replace, the traditional granular support materials. It is considered to be a premium trackbed design. The primary documented benefits are to provide additional support to improve load distributing capabilities of the trackbed components, decrease load-induced subgrade pressures, improve and control drainage, insure maintenance of specified track geometric properties for heavy tonnage freight lines and high-speed passenger lines, and decrease subsequent expenditures for trackbed maintenance and component replacement costs. The asphalt layer is normally used in combination with traditional granular layers to achieve various configurations. This paper presents a compendium of International Asphalt Trackbed Applications. The various factors are discussed that are considered in the design phases and subsequent performance-based tests and analyses. Illustrations include typical sectional views of the trackbed/roadbed components and thicknesses and photographs of construction and finished views for various asphalt trackbed applications in several countries. Following are brief accounts for selected significant international activities emphasizing high-speed and intercity passenger rail line applications. In the United States the use of asphalt trackbeds has steadily grown since the early 1980’s. It is primarily used for maintenance (cure-all) applications in existing tracks to improve trackbed performance and for new trackbed construction where the projected superior performance of asphalt trackbeds can be justified economically. Typically the asphalt layer is 15 cm thick and is topped with conventional ballast. This application does not deviate significantly from typical designs, except the asphalt is substituted for a portion of the granular support materials. Several other countries are actively involved with the construction of new segments or complete rail lines using asphalt (frequently termed – bituminous) trackbeds. For instance, Japan has used asphalt trackbeds on certain test sections for their high-speed rail lines since the 1960’s, but since the 1970’s asphalt trackbeds with ballast cover is a standard on newly constructed rail lines. The 5-cm thickness of asphalt primarily serves as a waterproofing layer and facilitates drainage. The Japanese believe that this will assist in reducing subsequent maintenance costs associated with ballast fouling from subgrade pumping. The Japanese have recently instigated a performance-rank design system. Asphalt trackbed designs are either required or are an option for the two premium trackbed performance ranks. Italy represents another country heavily involved with incorporating asphalt trackbeds in their rail lines. In the late 1970’s Italy placed test sections of both asphalt and concrete on their original Rome to Florence high-speed line. From the Italian perspective the asphalt out-performed the other test sections, leading to standards requiring the use of asphalt trackbeds on all newly constructed high-speed passenger rail lines. The typical asphalt layer thickness is 12 cm. Germany has focused on using asphalt for ballastless trackbed designs. The main asphalt track in use in Germany consists of concrete ties or slab track placed on a 26 to 30-cm thick layer of asphalt. Various designs are incorporated into the system. Recently France installed a 3-km test section of asphalt on their Paris to Strasbourg Eastbound High-Speed Line. The French are currently observing the effects of high-speed trains traversing various test sections to determine how beneficial the use of asphalt trackbeds will be for future high-speed passenger lines. The sections are heavily instrumented for analyzing numerous trackbed induced effects on ride quality and other aspects. Other countries, a recent addition includes Spain, are involved to varying degrees with the development of asphalt trackbed technology, particularly for high-speed and intercity passenger rail lines. Pertinent information and documentation of recent findings and results are included in the paper.
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Pacheco, E., and A. Finotti. "Interfaces between traditional urban drainage systems and water resources: case study – Rio Tavares and Morro das Pedras watersheds, Florianópolis, Brazil." In WATER POLLUTION 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wp140171.
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Graham, John, and Cody Hollohan. "Challenges of D-SAGD Completion." In SPE Gulf Coast Section Electric Submersible Pumps Symposium. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204517-ms.
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Abstract In the production well of a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) injector-producer well-pair, Direct-to-SAGD (D-SAGD) reservoir steam chamber development and electrical submersible pump (ESP) deployment requires only a single workover, effectively performing the jobs in parallel. This is an improvement over the traditional approach where reservoir steam chamber development and ESP deployment occur sequentially, each requiring a dedicated workover. The D-SAGD completion not only eliminates all costs associated with one workover, but also minimizes the heat energy dissipation that would otherwise occur over several days of steam injection downtime associated with pulling the completion string and installing the artificial lift system, along with decreased time, and increased safety, among other attendant benefits. Traditionally, an initial completion is performed on the production well to install monitoring instrumentation and a steam injection string, then steam injection occurs through both the injection and production wells for approximately 90 to 120 days. Once the reservoir temperature has reached a predetermined midpoint temperature between the wells, a fall-off test is performed by halting steam injection in both the production and injection wells and monitoring the completion's heat energy distribution profile throughout the length of the liner from heel to toe as the well cools back down toward its steady state temperature. If the results of the fall-off test are satisfactory, then subsequently a second workover is performed to install the ESP into the production well. Lastly, steam injection in the injector well is resumed, and the ESP operation begins. Given that the single D-SAGD workover achieves both the deployment of instrumentation and the ESP prior to steam chamber development, this implies that the ESP is required to withstand the large temperature and pressure fluctuations inherent to the combination of steam chamber development and fall off testing, all prior to being powered on for production to begin. This represents an unprecedented challenge for ESP seal sections. Among several other novel challenges, if the internal oil volume contraction induced by the deep temperature drop of the fall off test exceeds the capacity of the seal section to compensate for it, then the seal and motor may flood with wellbore fluid prior to the first attempt at turning it on. This paper discusses the unique challenges associated with the D-SAGD completion as it relates to ESP reliability. A SAGD-spec ESP remaining downhole for several months at unprecedented bottom hole pressure and temperature, and withstanding the associated fall-off test is a meaningful deviation from the conventional SAGD application, and this paper will detail the considerations associated with achieving ESP reliability in a D-SAGD completion that is comparable to that achieved in the conventional SAGD completion.
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Dressaire, Emilie, and Howard A. Stone. "Microfluidic Study of Drainage and Imbibition in Porous Media: Definition of Amott Indices." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64433.
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The wettability of reservoir rocks plays a critical role in oil recovery operations. This property is traditionally defined in terms of the contact angle between the fluid-fluid interface and the solid surface. In natural porous media, it has been preferred to characterize the wettability and its effects on fluid flow behavior in terms of Amott indices, through the capillary pressure-fluid saturation relationship. This “bulk” definition is based on the steady states reached by the two phases, the wetting one and the non-wetting one, upon drainage (removal of the wetting fluid) and imbibition (removal of the non-wetting fluid). These indices provide some indirect indication of the rock surface chemistry and porosity structure. Previous studies on Amott indices have mostly focused on numerical modeling of rocks. In this paper, we present an experimental study on two phase flow in regular lattices of glass microchannels. A wet etching technique is used to fabricate 2D networks composed of hundreds of repeat units. The repeat units are square, hexagonal, or triangular, with a lattice parameter of about 100 micrometers. Controlling and varying the microchannel wettability, network geometry, and fluid properties allow correlating the physical chemistry of the system and the characteristics of the multiphase flow. We perform drainage-imbibition cycles by controlling the pressure difference across the device. For each pressure difference, we record and characterize the distribution of the two phases at equilibrium. Our results capture the dependance of the Amott index on both fluid and network properties. The values obtained are consistent with previous studies on wetting phenomena at the pore level. The drainage-imbibition cycles also provide information on the patterns of invasion. We show that the study of the cycles can further predictability of Amott indices.
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Buongiorno, J. "A Non-Homogeneous Equilibrium Model for Convective Transport in Flowing Nanofluids." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72072.
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A base fluid (e.g., water, ethanol, oil) in which nano-sized (1–100 nm) particles of a different material are dispersed, is known as a nanofluid. Nanofluids are attractive because the presence of the nanoparticles enhances energy transport considerably. As a result, nanofluids have higher thermal conductivity and single-phase heat transfer coefficients than their base fluids. In particular, the heat transfer coefficient increases appear to go beyond the mere thermal-conductivity effect, and cannot be predicted by traditional pure-fluid correlations such as Dittus-Boelter’s. In the nanofluid literature this behavior is generally attributed to thermal dispersion and intensified turbulence, brought about by nanoparticle motion. To test the validity of this assumption, we have considered seven slip mechanisms that can produce a relative velocity between the nanoparticles and the base fluid. These are inertia, Brownian diffusion, thermophoresis, diffusiophoresis, Magnus effect, fluid drainage and gravity. We concluded that, of these seven, only Brownian diffusion and thermophoresis are important slip mechanisms in nanofluids. Based on this finding, we developed a two-component four-equation non-homogeneous equilibrium model for mass, momentum and heat transport in nanofluids. A non-dimensional analysis of the equations suggests that energy transfer by nanoparticle dispersion is negligible, and thus cannot explain the abnormal heat transfer coefficient increases. Furthermore, a comparison of the nanoparticle and turbulent eddy scales clearly indicates that the nanoparticles move homogeneously with the fluid in the presence of turbulent eddies, so an effect on turbulence intensity is also doubtful.