To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Traditional Drainage System.
Journal articles on the topic 'Traditional Drainage System'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Traditional Drainage System.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Fernández-Raga, María, Iván García-Díez, Julian Campo, Julio Viejo, and Covadonga Palencia. "Effectiveness of a New Drainage System for Decreasing Erosion in Road Hillslopes." Air, Soil and Water Research 14 (January 2021): 117862212098872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178622120988722.
Full textAbstract:
Water is one of the most important erosive agents in roadside hillslopes. When these are built with ineffective drainage systems, erosion occurs, reducing road’s service life. However, these systems are not receiving the appropriate importance, given their strategic value. Therefore, a new drainage system called ‘branched’ is proposed in this study. Its technical and economic feasibility is compared with those of the traditional system, which consists of drainages with lines that follow maximum hillslope, to assess differences in relation to erosion, construction and maintenance costs, and service life. Different parameters were analysed, such as the average velocity of water (mm−1) running through the channels, its average specific energy (kJ), and its drag force (N). A scale model was constructed and used to test these factors before implementing it in natural terrain for testing it under field conditions. According to the theoretical and measured results, these factors were lower in the branched drainage than in the traditional one (from 24% to 34% in speed, from 37% to 60% in energy, and from 51% to 73% in force). The service life of hillslopes with a branched system of up to 0.5 m high and 1:2 grade is significantly longer than in those with a traditional drainage. Although the initial economic expense for the construction of the branched system is higher (€3534/m3 as opposed to €2930/m3 for the traditional one), its maintenance cost will be lower than the traditional one (€1230/m3 per year for the branched one as opposed to €1332/m3 per year for the traditional one). Consequently, under our experimental conditions, the proposed drainage will be profitable from the eighth year of construction, saving on the road maintenance in the following 15 years of service life.
2
Jacobsen, Kristina, Steven Talbert, and Joseph H. Boyer. "The benefits of digital drainage system versus traditional drainage system after robotic-assisted pulmonary lobectomy." Journal of Thoracic Disease 11, no. 12 (December 2019): 5328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2019.11.69.
Full text
3
Starzec, Mariusz, and Józef Dziopak. "A Case Study of the Retention Efficiency of a Traditional and Innovative Drainage System." Resources 9, no. 9 (September 2, 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9090108.
Full textAbstract:
To determine the effectiveness of the retention capacity utilization of traditional and innovative drainage systems equipped with damming partitions, the detailed model tests were carried out. The research results allowed indicating what values of the hydraulic parameter of the innovative drainage system should be adopted in order to effectively use the retention capacity of drainage collectors. The adoption of short distances between the LKR damming partitions and a high level of permissible rainfall of stormwater Hper turned out to be the most effective solution. In the most favorable conditions, the peak flow was reduced by up to 60% (717.46 dm3/s) compared to the values established in the traditional drainage system (1807.62 dm3/s). The benefits obtained resulted from the increased retention efficiency of the drainage system after equipping it with the damming partitions. It was found that the innovative system always achieved the maximum retention capacity with longer rainfall compared to the traditional system. In the real catchment area, an increase in the use of the retention capacity of the drainage system, from an initial value of 65% for a traditional system to almost 88% for an innovative system, was also found. Very large variability of the volume of accumulated stormwater in the conduits of the traditional and innovative drainage system was observed during rainfall, which generated the peak rainfall discharge in the innovative system. With rainfall of TRK duration, the innovative system accumulated up to 746.50 m3 more stormwater compared to a traditional system, which was 49.2% of the total retention capacity of the drainage system, with a value of 1515.76 m3. The approach to reduce the growing flood risk in cities provided the right approach to long-term urban drainage system planning, especially since traditional drainage systems are still the leading way to transport stormwater in cities. In addition, the innovative sewage system gives the possibility of favorable cooperation with any objects (LID) and retention tanks with any hydraulic model. The implementation of an innovative system allows achieving significant financial savings and reducing the need to reserve areas designated for infrastructure investments.
4
Thorndahl, S. "Stochastic long term modelling of a drainage system with estimation of return period uncertainty." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 12 (June 1, 2009): 2331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.305.
Full textAbstract:
Long term prediction of maximum water levels and combined sewer overflow (CSO) in drainage systems are associated with large uncertainties. Especially on rainfall inputs, parameters, and assessment of return periods. This paper proposes a Monte Carlo based methodology for stochastic prediction of both maximum water levels as well as CSO volumes based on operations of the urban drainage model MOUSE in a single catchment case study. Results show quite a wide confidence interval of the model predictions especially on the large return periods. Traditionally, return periods of drainage system predictions are based on ranking, but this paper proposes a new methodology for the assessment of return periods. Based on statistics of characteristic rainfall parameters and correlation with drainage system predictions, it is possible to predict return periods more reliably, and with smaller confidence bands compared to the traditional methodology.
5
Starzec, Mariusz, Józef Dziopak, and Daniel Słyś. "An Analysis of Stormwater Management Variants in Urban Catchments." Resources 9, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9020019.
Full textAbstract:
In order to identify the most effective variants for reducing flood risk in cities and to provide protection for water resources, an in-depth study was carried out. The research results allowed for the identification of sustainable drainage infrastructure solutions that should be used to increase the efficiency of traditional drainage systems. The most effective solution turned out to be the simultaneous use of low impact development facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems (Variant IV). Applicationof this variant (maximum discharge QOmax = 246.39 dm3/s) allowed for the reduction of the peak flow by as much as 86% in relation to those values that were established in the traditional drainage system (maximum discharge QOmax = 1807.62 dm3/s). The use of Variant IV allowed for a combination of the advantages of low impact development (LID) facilities and stormwater flow control devices in drainage systems while limiting their disadvantages. In practice, the flow of rainwater from the catchment area to the drainage system was limited, the share of green areas increased, and the drainage system retention capacity grew. The proposed approach for reducing the increasing flood risk in cities and providing protection for water resources provides a structured approach to long-term urban drainage system planning and land use guidelines.
6
Haq, Nurdin Nashrul, Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini, and Suardi Tarumun. "Strategi Pengelolaan Drainase Pasar Tradisional Palapa di Kota Pekanbaru." Dinamika Lingkungan Indonesia 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/dli.2.1.p.17-25.
Full textAbstract:
This research was conducted in Mei to July 2014 in Palapa Tradional Market,Durian Street, East Labuhbaru, Payung Sekaki Sub-district, Pekanbaru. The purpose of thisresearch is to analyze the government policy in drainage market management of Palapatraditional market in pekanbaru, to identify strength, weakness, opportunity and threat ofPalapa traditional market management in Pekanbaru. Formulate drainage managementstrategy of Palapa Traditional Market in Pekanbaru. The data was collected qualitatively byusing interview, observation and survey. The data was analyzed by using SWOT analysis. Thestrategy of Palapa Traditional Market management is to increase the drainage infrastructuresystem of Palapa market activity the efforts to improve drainage quality of Palapa TraditionalMarket. the efforts to improve performance quality of market UPTD toward drainage toevaluate the government policy in drainage management. The efforts to increase drainageservice system by establishing new drainage or widening old drainage to evoke the traderparticipation in maintenance operation of market drainage canals. To make a drainage planaccurately based on the drainage technique to establish the regulation and institution thatoversee the drainage management system and to punish drainage destroyer.
7
Liu, Li, and De An Zhao. "Drainpipe Network Management Information System Design Based on GIS and DSS." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 1964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.1964.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Introduced the current situation drainage network of Zhenjiang and the problems of traditional information management, combined geographic information technology and decision support technology, using vb as a tool to develop Zhenjiang drainpipe network management information system, tell the structure and the target function, describe the completed part of the system, shows the results of JiangBin Hospital pilot project, the established system improves the shortcomings of traditional drainage network management, raises efficiency.
8
Meng, Zhang, Tao Zhu Feng, and Guo Feng. "The Research and Development of the Coal Mine Underground Drainage Equipment Automatic Control System." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 1038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.1038.
Full textAbstract:
The coal mine drainage equip ment plays an important role to make the production normally and orderly. At present, domestic coal mine drainage system implement manual monitoring, namely the traditional relay control method.Feature of this method is that a large labor intensity, low reliability and stability,and complicated control circuit,it has not adapted to the needs of the development of coal.In this paper, design of the automatic drainage system is to make up for the shortage of the traditional relay control,it adopts PLC control with a combination of PC monitor to improve the safety of the work,and has a long service life, convenient maintenance, etc.
9
Bai, Y. Z., Jian Chen, and Bei Cheng. "Slurry Improvement by Direct Drainage Vacuum Preloading Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.589.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional vacuum preloading method has two drainage parts: 1) horizontal drainage part-sand cushion; 2) vertical drainage part-(Prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) and so on). During vacuum preloading process, the drainage effect of horizontal sand cushion is strong near stabilized soil surface and decreases rapidly at deeper position, while drainage range of vertical drain includes whole stabilized soil depth and its drainage ability is higher. So, it is important to improve the drainage design of vacuum preloading system to transmit vacuum head to vertical drain more efficiently. This paper presents a new vacuum preloading method-direct drainage vacuum preloading method (DDVP method). Compared with traditional vacuum preloading method, this system cancels horizontal drainage part-sand cushion and uses sealed pipe to directly connect with PVDs. Vacuum head can be transmitted into PVD without attenuation. Field test is applied to study the effect of slurry improvement of this method.
10
Petrovic, Jasna, and Jovan Despotovic. "Historical rainfall for urban storm drainage design." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 11 (June 1, 1998): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0446.
Full textAbstract:
Traditional design method for urban drainage systems is based on design storms and its major drawback is that frequencies of peak flows in the system are considered equal to frequencies of design storms. An alternative is to use historical storms with rainfall-runoff models to produce a series of possible flows in the system and their frequencies. The latter approach involves more computations and can be laborious for larger catchments. This paper considers ways to reduce the set of historical storms to be involved in design procedure and yet to lead to realistic flow frequencies. Frequencies obtained by rainfall-runoff simulation at an experimental catchment are compared with frequencies of observed peak flows in the system.
11
Yan, Jun, Hong Lu Bai, Wei Gao, and Fang Kai Ma. "The Key Technologies of Comprehensive Utilization for Urban Rain Flood Based on the Multi-Function Tunnel." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3056.
Full textAbstract:
Pipe drainage system is used mostly on urban area, but under the pressure of the rapid urbanization, the disadvantages of traditional pipe drainage system are more and more serious. Analyzed the urban rain flood utilization situation in China and foreign countries, and main problems of traditional pipe drainage system in China, the key technology of comprehensive utilization for urban rain flood is put forward, which contains the multi-function tunnel building based on the concave green fields constructing, permeable bricks laying, reservoir constructing for rain flood collecting. This method can effectively prevent the drought or flood disaster due to inadequate or extensive rain volume and can make full use of rain flood resources too.
12
Diao, Kegong. "Multiscale Resilience in Water Distribution and Drainage Systems." Water 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061521.
Full textAbstract:
Multiscale resilience, i.e., coordinating different scales within a system to jointly cope and mitigate risks on any single scale, is identified as the feature of a complex resilient system. However, in water distribution systems (WDSs) and urban drainage systems (UDSs), the inherent resilience is usually not multiscale resilience. By referring to the larger scale to larger pipes serving both local users and some other users at smaller scales, it can be found that smaller scales are not responsible for providing resilience to cope with failures in larger scales. These are because the main function of traditional water systems is to deliver water from upstream to downstream. This study demonstrates that improving multiscale resilience in WDSs and UDSs needs to allow water to travel reversely in the system via providing extra capacities and/or connections at smaller scales. This hypothesis is verified via case studies on a real world WDS and UDS.
13
Adhikari, B., R. Verhoeven, and P. Troch. "Appropriate rehabilitation strategy for a traditional irrigation supply system: a case from the Babai area in Nepal." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 11 (December 1, 2009): 2819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.721.
Full textAbstract:
This paper studies primary canals of three traditional irrigation systems in the southern plains of Nepal. It offers a scientific interpretation of the indigenous technology applied to the systems, which facilitates to use the same channel network for irrigation, drainage and flood management. The flood management technology of the farmers by diverting as much discharge as possible to the field channels results in the reduction of discharge towards the downstream part of the main channel. It is depicted in the simulation study that uses the river analysis program HEC-RAS 4.0. A cascade of weirs is found to be the most cost effective and user-friendly option to upgrade these systems preserving the existing irrigation, drainage as well as flood management functions. This study suggests that the conventional irrigation design principles should be applied very cautiously with full knowledge of the existing socio-institutional setting, hydro-ecological regime and indigenous technology for upgrading any traditional irrigation system successfully. The indigenous flood management technology strengthens the emerging concept that the floods in the Ganges plain are to be managed, not controlled.
14
Chen, Liang, Chao Zhang, and Shi Li Zhan. "Research of Civil Air Defense Projects Biogas Purification Independent Drainage System." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3731.
Full textAbstract:
The traditional drainage system of civil air defense projects is designed to discharge waste water directly to engineering external, depending on the external facilities of the project seriously, result in poor survival of the entire civil air defense in wartime. Through the engineering biogas tanks sewage treatment technology in underground engineering, independence of internal drainage system is greatly enhanced, the whole project’ self-protection and ability to substantially is greatly strengthened in wartime, then it will not only have good environmental and economic benefits, but also have a strong military benefits.
15
Rokochinskiy, Anatoly, Yuri Mazhayskiy, Pavlo Volk, Roman Koptyuk, Lubov Volk, and Olga Chernikova. "Ecological and economic aspects of optimizing the creation and functioning of drainage systems in accordance with modern requirements." E3S Web of Conferences 285 (2021): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128502009.
Full textAbstract:
Land reclamation is important in the development of agricultural production for unfavorable climatic conditions. This necessitates the improvement of scientific and methodological approaches to the creation and operation of water management and reclamation facilities, including drainage systems, which are adapted to these changes. Approaches to the type and design of drainage systems based on a combination of a modern progressive optimization approach with the traditional water balance method, hydrodynamic and hydraulic methods are presented. Approaches to the systemic optimization of technological and design solutions for the creation and operation of drainage systems have been determined. It seems that the drainage system is a complex natural and technical ecological and economic system. Finding the general optimum in such a system based on the system optimization consists in substantiating local optima for all its main components of heterogeneous elements in the system effect - mode - technology - design in their interconnection. The practical implementation of a complex of predictive-simulation and optimization calculations in projects for new construction, reconstruction and modernization of drainage systems based on the developed scientific, methodological, information and software can be carried out using the appropriate toolkit, which is CAD and modern BIM technologies. The transition to optimization methods will improve the feasibility and overall technical, technological, environmental and economic efficiency of the creation and operation of water management and reclamation facilities in accordance with modern requirements.
16
Levchenko, V. V., P. P. Morgun, A. V. Voldokhin, A. Y. Abu Trabi, and A. S. Maslovsky. "Pyelonephritis in pregnancy: «traditional» drainage tactics and its results." Urology Herald 8, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21886/2308-6424-2020-8-1-39-48.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Urinary tract drainage for pyelonephritis in pregnancy (PiP) is a topic that is rarely covered in the literature. Available sources are based on personal experience and personal opinions of researchers. In this way, a wide range of tactical decisions is born in such conditions.Purpose of the study. To evaluate the effectiveness of the «traditional» draining treatment tactics for pyelonephritis in pregnant women.Materials and methods. The study included 124 cases of PiP with dilatation of the pyelocaliceal system. Signs of urolithiasis and congenital malformations of the upper urinary tract have not been identified. The average age of the patients was 25 (15–40) years. PiP in the first trimester was diagnosed in 11.3% of women, in the second trimester is in 57.3%, in the third trimester is in 31.4%. In 60.5% of cases, a right-sided PiP was observed, in 24.2% is a left-sided PiP, and in 16.1% it was bilateral PiP. Assessment of dilatation of the upper urinary tract revealed a slight and moderate hydronephrosis in 94.4% of patients, and significant in 5.6%. During treatment, all patients underwent stenting of the ureters. Scheduled stent replacement was performed 6–8 weeks after the initial stenting or drainage replacement. Conversion to percutaneous puncture drainage was required in 4 (3.3%) patients.Results. The early draining tactics of PiP was accompanied by a relatively rapid relief of hyperthermia (96.8% within 3 days) and leukocytosis (88.7% of patients within 4 days). The average hospital bed day for PiP was 4.6. 77.4% of patients required stent replacement during gestation. Stent-associated symptoms of varying severity were noted by 74% of women. Recurrent attack of pyelonephritis under stent drainage was observed in 19.4% of patients, the development of septicemia in 6.5%. In 5.7% of patients, a re-development of the pyelonephritis` attack was noted after removal of the internal drainage stent up to 2 months after delivery. Information was available on the birth and condition of the child at birth for 119 women. Delivery in term was observed in 89.5% of patients, premature spontaneous birth in 10.5%, of which with provocation of labor in 8.9%, with termination of pregnancy for medical reasons in 1.6% (development of preeclampsia, progression of the sepsis phenomena). Self-abortion, intrauterine fetal death or stillbirth was not observed in any woman.Conclusion. The relatively rapid relief of hyperthermia, leukocytosis, a short period of inpatient treatment, the absence of fetal death cases, maternal and infant mortality positively characterize the «traditional» draining tactics. At the same time, a high percentage of the frequency of the preterm delivery threat, maintenance therapy on the stent (16.1%), recurrent attacks of pyelonephritis in drainage conditions (19.6%) during gestation, and also after stent removal in the postpartum period (5.7%), other variations of stent-associated symptoms and complications create the basis for reflection, the search for more optimal tactical and therapeutic approaches.
17
Słyś, Daniel. "An innovative retention canal – a case study." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500084.
Full textAbstract:
The publication presents the solution of an innovative retention canal, which is used as a part of the drainage network and constitutes an alternative to traditional retention reservoirs. A selected case study was described where various variants of the drainage system were analyzed. This example shows the main advantages of a retention canal solution.
18
Paydar, Zahra, Neil Huth, Anthony Ringrose-Voase, Rick Young, Tony Bernardi, Brian Keating, and Hamish Cresswell. "Deep drainage and land use systems. Model verification and systems comparison." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 56, no. 9 (2005): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar04303.
Full textAbstract:
Deep drainage or drainage below the bottom of the profile usually occurs when rain infiltrates moist soil with insufficient capacity to store the additional water. This drainage is believed to be contributing to watertable rise and salinity in some parts of the Liverpool Plains catchment in northern New South Wales. The effect of land use on deep drainage was investigated by comparing the traditional long fallow system with more intense ‘opportunity cropping’. Long fallowing (2 crops in 3 years) is used to store rainfall in the soil profile but risks substantial deep drainage. Opportunity cropping seeks to lessen this risk by sowing whenever there is sufficient soil moisture. Elements of the water balance and productivity were measured under various farming systems in a field experiment for 4 years in the southern part of the catchment. The experimental results were used to verify APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) by comparing them with predictions of production, water storage, and runoff. The verification procedure also involved local farmers and agronomists who assessed the credibility of the predictions and suggested modifications. APSIM provided a realistic simulation of common farming systems in the region and could capture the main hydrological and biological processes. APSIM was then used for long-term (41 years) simulations to predict deep drainage under different systems and extrapolate experimental results. The results showed large differences between agricultural systems mostly because differences in evapotranspiration contributed to differences in profile moisture when it rained. The model predicted that traditional long fallow farming systems (2 crops in 3 years) are quite ‘leaky’, with average annual deep drainage of 34 mm. However, by planting crops in response to the depth of moist soil (opportunity or response cropping), APSIM predicted a much smaller annual drainage rate of 6 mm. Opportunity cropping resulted in overall greater water use and increased production compared with long fallowing. Furthermore, modelling indicated that average annual deep drainage under continuous sorghum (3 mm) is much less than under either long fallow cropping or continuous wheat (39 mm), demonstrating the importance of including summer cropping, as well as increasing cropping frequency, to reducing deep drainage.
19
Ward, P. R., R. A. Lawes, and D. Ferris. "Soil-water dynamics in a pasture-cropping system." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 10 (2014): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14046.
Full textAbstract:
Pasture cropping is a farming system in which annual crops are sown into established perennial pastures. It may provide environmental benefits such as increased groundcover and reduced deep drainage, while allowing traditional crop production in the Mediterranean-style climate of south-western Australia. In this research, we investigated deep drainage and the temporal patterns of water use by a subtropical perennial grass, annual crops, and a pasture-cropping system over a 4-year period. Both the pasture and pasture-cropped treatments reduced deep drainage significantly, by ~50 mm compared with the crop treatment. Competition between the pasture and crop components altered patterns of average daily water use, the pasture-cropped treatment having the highest water use for July, August and September. Consequently, water-use efficiency for grain production was lower in the pasture-cropped plots. This was offset by pasture production, so that over a full 12-month period, water-use efficiency for biomass production was generally greater for the pasture-cropped plots than for either the pasture or crop monocultures. Pasture cropping may be a viable way of generating sustainable economic returns from both crop and pasture production on sandy soils of south-western Australia.
20
Todorovic, Zorica, and Neil P. Breton. "A geographic information system screening tool to tackle diffuse pollution through the use of sustainable drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 10 (March 7, 2014): 2066–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.075.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable drainage systems (SUDS) offer many benefits that traditional solutions do not. Traditional approaches are unable to offer a solution to problems of flood management and water quality. Holistic consideration of the wide range of benefits from SUDS can result in advantages such as improved flood resilience and water quality enhancement through consideration of diffuse pollution sources. Using a geographical information system (GIS) approach, diffuse pollutant sources and opportunities for SUDS are easily identified. Consideration of potential SUDS locations results in source, site and regional controls, leading to improved water quality (to meet Water Framework Directive targets). The paper will discuss two different applications of the tool, the first of which is where the pollutant of interest is known. In this case the outputs of the tool highlight and isolate the areas contributing the pollutants and suggest the adequate SUDS measures to meet the required criteria. The second application is where the tool identifies likely pollutants at a receiving location, and SUDS measures are proposed to reduce pollution with assessed efficiencies.
21
Cluckie, I. D., A. Lane, and J. Yuan. "Modelling large urban drainage systems in real time." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 4 (February 1, 1999): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0185.
Full textAbstract:
The interactions between rainfall and urban drainage systems (UDSs) are complex and must be considered as a whole in order to maximise control efficiency whilst at the same time achieving environmentally acceptable solutions. More rigorous standards, as a result of recent EU and UK legislation, are increasingly encouraging intervention in system management rather than more traditional passive procedures. To achieve these goals a global predictive real-time control (RTC) strategy is required, in which real-time flow prediction plays an important part in the provision of necessary first-hand information on system status in both current and predictive modes. This paper describes one such strategy, which differs from existing methods in the following ways: the novel way in which the UDS is represented; the algorithm used for model parameter identification; the strategies associated with the system output prediction; and the transfer function model used to represent the system. This transfer function model is a conceptually parameterised transfer function (CPTF) model, which by its nature falls into the category of lumped, dynamic, linear and conceptual although its structure takes the form of a non-conceptual transfer function model. The modelling approach is described as the RHINOS (Real-time urban Hydrological INfrastructure and Output modelling Strategy).
22
Maharjan, M., A. Pathirana, B. Gersonius, and K. Vairavamoorthy. "Staged cost optimization of urban storm drainage systems based on hydraulic performance in a changing environment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 3 (June 17, 2008): 1479–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-1479-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Urban flooding causes large economic losses, property damage and loss of lives. The impact of environmental changes mainly, the urbanization and the climatic change leads to increased runoff and increased peak flows which the drainage system must be able to cope with to overcome possible damage and inconveniences caused by the induced flooding. Allowing for detention storage to compliment the capacity of the drainage system network is one of the approaches to reduce urban floods. The traditional practice was to design systems against stationary environmental forcings – including design rainfall, landuse, etc. Due to the rapid change in climate-environment, this approach is no longer economically viable and safe, and explicit consideration of changes that gradually take place during the life-time of the drainage system is warranted. In this paper, a staged cost optimization tool based on the hydraulic performance of the drainage system is presented. A one dimensional hydraulic model is used for hydraulic evaluation of the network together with a genetic algorithm based optimization tool to determine optimal intervention timings and amounts throughout the lifespan of the drainage network. The model was applied in a case study area in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil. It was concluded that considerable financial savings and/or additional level of flood-safety can be achieved by approaching the design problem as a staged plan rather than one-off scheme.
23
Gayar, Attia El. "A study on improvement needs for the soil water balance." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 5, no. 02 (May 25, 2020): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2020.5.2.7.
Full textAbstract:
One critical problem confronting mankind today is how to manage the intensifying competition for water among expanding urban centres, traditional agricultural activities and in-stream water uses dictated by environmental concerns based solely on the soil water balance. In the agricultural sector, the prospects of increasing the gross cultivated area are limited by the dwindling number of economically attractive sites for large-scale irrigation and drainage systems whose correct evaluation depends on the understanding of groundwater movement in three dimensions. The failure of present systems, and inability of sustainable extraction from surface and groundwater sources may be attributed, essentially, to poor planning, design, management and development, as not much is known about groundwater flow systems. Each flow system has different chemical quality, path of travel, recharge area, as well as water age. To take full advantage of investment in agriculture, a major effort is required to modernize irrigation and drainage systems and to further develop appropriate management strategies compatible with financial and socio-economic trends, considering the functioning of groundwater components in the environment. This calls for a holistic approach to irrigation, drainage management, and monitoring if the aim is to increase food production, conserve water, prevent soil salinization and water logging, and to protect the environment. Sustainable development should be based on a full understanding of the relationship between the used water source and the environment. To tackle this challenge, there is a need to focus on the following issues: affordability with respect to the application of new technologies; procedures for integrated planning and management of irrigation and drainage systems; analysis to identify causes and effects constraining irrigation and drainage system performance; evapotranspiration and related calculation methods; estimation of crop water requirements; technologies for the design, construction, and modernization of irrigation and drainage systems; strategies to improve irrigation and drainage system efficiency; environmental impacts of irrigation and drainage systems and suitable measures for creating and maintaining sustainability. Institutional strengthening, proper financial assessment, capacity building, training and education actions are also required to achieve a successful on the soil water balance.
24
Kwon, Soon Ho, Donghwi Jung, and Joong Hoon Kim. "Development of a Multiscenario Planning Approach for Urban Drainage Systems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 6, 2020): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051834.
Full textAbstract:
A traditional urban drainage system (UDS) planning approach generally considers the most probable future rainfall scenario. However, this single scenario (i.e., scenario-optimal) planning approach is prone to failure under recent climatic conditions, which involve increasing levels of uncertainty. To overcome this limitation, an alternative is to consider multiple scenarios simultaneously. A two-phase multi-scenario-based UDS planning approach was developed. Scenario-optimal solutions were determined for a set of scenarios in Phase I, as the traditional planning approach, while common elements across the scenarios were identified and used to consider components-wise regret cost concept for Phase II optimization, from which a compromise solution was sought. The storm water management model was dynamically linked with the harmony search algorithm for each phase optimization model. The proposed approach was demonstrated in the planning of the grid-type drainage networks of S-city. The compromise solution was compared with the scenario-optimal solutions (Phase I) with respect to cost effectiveness and system performance under scenarios that were not considered in the planning phase.
25
M. Ruslin Anwar, Surjono, M. Rif’at HR ,. "PENATAAN SISTEM DRAINASE DI PRONA 1 KELURAHAN PEMURUS BARU KOTA BANJARMASIN." PROKONS Jurusan Teknik Sipil 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/prokons.v8i1.57.
Full textAbstract:
Prona 1 is a residential area which consist of a series of traditional houses called “Rumah Panggung” in swamp area. Eventhough the houses have long and high form but in this swamp area flood and and puddle are happen a lot in Prona 1. This observation process initiated by spreading questionaire to find out about the people’s participation, identify and evaluate the current condition of drainage infrastructure in Prona 1, calculating how severe the damage in swamp area such as lot filling activity, lot hedging and blocking the water access toward water absorption under the high house (rumah panggung), based on those datas will be found out theswamp damage level and plan of drainage building in each sub system. After that we set the calculation of budget plan to build the drainage building. Next step is every variables on each sub system are being calculaterd by using AHP method with Criterium Decision Plus verse 3.0 to determine which sub system has highest priority to built its drainage system. The observation result shows that the participation of people in Prona 1 of drainage function and system is in quite high level. Prona 1 is lack of drainage building, most of it are water channel in various condition since there was no drainage system planning when the neighbourhood built. The damage level in swamp area like lot-filling can be considered as low, although there are many lot-filling, and most of them are for public facility. In the plan, it i needed to provide a channel in lot which have been hedged and blocked from water access and install the water channel in it. Sub system which its drainage system need to be built in prior is Sub System 3 next is SS2, SS5, SS1 and SS4.Keyword: drainage system, swamp area damage, rumah panggung
26
Tah, Ai Sher, How Tion Puay, and Nor Azazi Zakaria. "Mathematical Modelling of One-Dimensional Overland Flow on a Porous Surface." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186507002.
Full textAbstract:
Due to rapid urbanization, surface water drainage systems are designed to perform as natural drainage acting as water storage areas that allow infiltration and evaporation and to solve issues caused by traditional drainage system As there is an increase of attention on Sustainable Urban Drainage system (SuDs) to manage storm water, a simple yet efficient numerical model for flow over porous media is needed. The purpose of this research is to develop a numerical model for the simulation of flow over porous media. The model solves the unsteady one-dimensional Saint-Venant equation for the surface flow. The advection term in the momentum equation is solved using the Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) scheme which is of the third order accuracy. Averaged infiltration rate is estimated from the physical model experiment. The model is then used to simulate dam-break flow over porous bed and the result is verified against the experiment. The author found that the numerical model performed satisfactorily in terms of surface flow profile and the loss of total fluid volume through infiltration.
27
Wang, Ze, Jian Lv, Si’ang Zhang, Wenjie Chen, Bin Wu, and Lei Xue. "Clinical application of a multi-groove silicone drain combined with unidirectional negative-pressure drainage system in single-operating-port video-assisted thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery: a comparison study." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 4 (April 2021): 030006052199976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060521999766.
Full textAbstract:
Objective To evaluate the effect of a new negative-pressure drainage system in thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery; thereby, providing a new option for postoperative drainage. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data for 200 patients who underwent thoracoscopic surgery between May 2018 and October 2019. According to the thoracic drainage method, the patients were divided into the thoracic tube group and the new system group. The epidemiological and clinicopathological data were compared before operation, and the clinical effect of thoracic drainage was compared after operation. Results There was no significant difference in epidemiological and clinicopathological data between the two groups. There was also no significant difference in drain removal time, hospital stay, and complication rates between the two groups. However, the incidences of pleural effusion and poor incision healing in the new system group were lower than in the thoracic tube group. Visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the new system group were lower than those in the thoracic tube group at each postoperative interval; therefore, the new system group required less analgesia. Conclusion The new system was not inferior to thoracic tubes regarding the drainage effect after thoracoscopic lung cancer surgery. Hence, the system is an alternative to traditional thoracic tubes.
28
Mu, Cao. "A FLOW OF WEALTH: WASTEWATER DISPOSAL IN REPUBLICAN TIANJIN." Journal of Chinese History 2, no. 2 (July 2018): 393–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jch.2018.12.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTTianjin is the largest port city in Northern China and a major hub for water and land transportation. For geological reasons, the city has long been troubled by water drainage problems. To remove wastewater from within its walls, the city developed a drain system which relies on human labor and a series of variously sized ditches. Unlike the modern sewage system, which simply discharges wastewater into surrounding rivers and the sea, Tianjin's traditional wastewater disposal system worked in concert with an urban manure collection system. Urban wastewater was recycled as fertilizer, a valuable resource for the surrounding rural area. In tracing the origin, evolution, and influence of urban wastewater disposal in Tianjin, this article aims to reveal the potential value in Chinese traditional waste management practices. Contemporary urban waste disposal systems might benefit from a better understanding of the relationship between urban and rural areas that characterized these traditional practices.
29
Zischg, Jonatan, Mariana L. R. Goncalves, Taneha Kuzniecow Bacchin, Günther Leonhardt, Maria Viklander, Arjan van Timmeren, Wolfgang Rauch, and Robert Sitzenfrei. "Info-Gap robustness pathway method for transitioning of urban drainage systems under deep uncertainties." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 5 (May 30, 2017): 1272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.320.
Full textAbstract:
In the urban water cycle, there are different ways of handling stormwater runoff. Traditional systems mainly rely on underground piped, sometimes named ‘gray’ infrastructure. New and so-called ‘green/blue’ ambitions aim for treating and conveying the runoff at the surface. Such concepts are mainly based on ground infiltration and temporal storage. In this work a methodology to create and compare different planning alternatives for stormwater handling on their pathways to a desired system state is presented. Investigations are made to assess the system performance and robustness when facing the deeply uncertain spatial and temporal developments in the future urban fabric, including impacts caused by climate change, urbanization and other disruptive events, like shifts in the network layout and interactions of ‘gray’ and ‘green/blue’ structures. With the Info-Gap robustness pathway method, three planning alternatives are evaluated to identify critical performance levels at different stages over time. This novel methodology is applied to a real case study problem where a city relocation process takes place during the upcoming decades. In this case study it is shown that hybrid systems including green infrastructures are more robust with respect to future uncertainties, compared to traditional network design.
30
Darzi-Naftchali, Abdullah, and Henk Ritzema. "Integrating Irrigation and Drainage Management to Sustain Agriculture in Northern Iran." Sustainability 10, no. 6 (May 29, 2018): 1775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10061775.
Full textAbstract:
In Iran, as in the rest of the world, land and water for agricultural production is under pressure. Integrating irrigation and drainage management may help sustain intensified agriculture in irrigated paddy fields. This study was aimed to investigate the long-term effects of such management strategies in a newly subsurface drained paddy field in a pilot area in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Three strategies for managing subsurface drainage systems were tested, i.e., free drainage (FD), midseason drainage (MSD), and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). The pilot area consisted of subsurface drainage systems, with different combinations of drain depth (0.65 and 0.90 m) and spacing (15 and 30 m). The traditional surface drainage of the region’s consolidated paddy fields was the control. From 2011 to 2017, water table depth, subsurface drainage system outflow and nitrate, total phosphorous, and salinity levels of the drainage effluent were monitored during four rice- and five canola-growing seasons. Yield data was also collected. MSD and AWD resulted in significantly lower drainage rates, salt loads, and N losses compared to FD, with MSD having the lowest rates. Phosphorus losses were low for all three practices. However, AWD resulted in 36% higher rice yields than MSD. Subsurface drainage resulted in a steady increase in canola yield, from 0.89 ton ha−1 in 2011–2012 to 2.94 ton ha−1 in 2016–2017. Overall, it can be concluded that managed subsurface drainage can increase both water productivity and crop yield in poorly drained paddy fields, and at the same time reduce or minimize negative environmental effects, especially the reduction of salt and nutrient loads in the drainage effluent. Based on the results, shallow subsurface drainage combined with appropriate irrigation and drainage management can enable sustained agricultural production in northern Iran’s paddy fields.
31
Huisman, J. L., P. Krebs, and W. Gujer. "Integral and unified model for the sewer and wastewater treatment plant focusing on transformations." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 12 (June 1, 2003): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0629.
Full textAbstract:
The urban drainage cycle is a very complex system with many interacting processes. Models are a great help to test different scenarios and improve the understanding of this system. At present, good models exist for the hydrodynamics of the sewer systems, for the biological conversions in the wastewater treatment plant (ASM 1 to 3) and for the receiving water (RWQM1). However, the traditional transport and conversion models for the sewer system are incompatible with the ASM definitions, making it difficult to link the models to come an integral and unified urban drainage model. In this work, a new sewer system model that is based on ASM3 has been coupled to an advanced nutrient removal model for the wastewater treatment plant. As both models are based on ASM3, they are unified in their definitions of the state variables and processes. This new combination has been used to test different scenarios and to test the influence of the sewer system on the treatment plant.
32
Dey, Ashis Kumar, and Seiji Kamioka. "An integrated modeling approach to predict flooding on urban basin." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 4 (February 1, 2007): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.091.
Full textAbstract:
Correct prediction of flood extents in urban catchments has become a challenging issue. The traditional urban drainage models that consider only the sewerage-network are able to simulate the drainage system correctly until there is no overflow from the network inlet or manhole. When such overflows exist due to insufficient drainage capacity of downstream pipes or channels, it becomes difficult to reproduce the actual flood extents using these traditional one-phase simulation techniques. On the other hand, the traditional 2D models that simulate the surface flooding resulting from rainfall and/or levee break do not consider the sewerage network. As a result, the correct flooding situation is rarely addressed from those available traditional 1D and 2D models. This paper presents an integrated model that simultaneously simulates the sewerage network, river network and 2D mesh network to get correct flood extents. The model has been successfully applied into the Tenpaku basin (Nagoya, Japan), which experienced severe flooding with a maximum flood depth more than 1.5 m on September 11, 2000 when heavy rainfall, 580 mm in 28 hrs (return period >100 yr), occurred over the catchments. Close agreements between the simulated flood depths and observed data ensure that the present integrated modeling approach is able to reproduce the urban flooding situation accurately, which rarely can be obtained through the traditional 1D and 2D modeling approaches.
33
Möderl, M., D. Butler, and W. Rauch. "A stochastic approach for automatic generation of urban drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 6 (March 1, 2009): 1137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.097.
Full textAbstract:
Typically, performance evaluation of new developed methodologies is based on one or more case studies. The investigation of multiple real world case studies is tedious and time consuming. Moreover extrapolating conclusions from individual investigations to a general basis is arguable and sometimes even wrong. In this article a stochastic approach is presented to evaluate new developed methodologies on a broader basis. For the approach the Matlab-tool “Case Study Generator” is developed which generates a variety of different virtual urban drainage systems automatically using boundary conditions e.g. length of urban drainage system, slope of catchment surface, etc. as input. The layout of the sewer system is based on an adapted Galton-Watson branching process. The sub catchments are allocated considering a digital terrain model. Sewer system components are designed according to standard values. In total, 10,000 different virtual case studies of urban drainage system are generated and simulated. Consequently, simulation results are evaluated using a performance indicator for surface flooding. Comparison between results of the virtual and two real world case studies indicates the promise of the method. The novelty of the approach is that it is possible to get more general conclusions in contrast to traditional evaluations with few case studies.
34
Rokochinskiy, A. M., and P. P. Volk. "Models of system optimization for constructing and functioning drainage systems in current conditions." Міжвідомчий тематичний науковий збірник "Меліорація і водне господарство", no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/mivg202101-277.
Full textAbstract:
Relevance of research. Land reclamation is important for stabilizing the resource and food security of our state and the world in a whole. Food production security is extremely important in extreme years of weather conditions.
Land reclamation has a high social significance, especially given the global climate change and land policy formation, taking into account European and world experience. Water, hydraulic, agro-technical, and other types of land reclamation require modern innovative solutions. These solutions must be created to achieve sustainable food, energy, the environmental and economic security of the state. Therefore, it is extremely important to change the approaches to constructing and functioning water reclamation facilities. It is also important to improve water management technologies that will be adapted to these changes.
Research goal is to develop a general theory of optimization and development of methods and models for optimal regime, technological and technical parameters of drainage systems on an ecological and economic basis.
Research methods are based on the application of systems theory with system analysis and modeling when developing the approaches to the optimization of regime, technological and technical solutions for constructing and functioning drainage systems on an ecological and economic basis. The system approach includes research of drainage systems as complex natural, technical, ecological and economic systems; research of their elements, laws of functioning and development; decomposition of complex problems of mainly hierarchical nature; application of the methodology of the hierarchy of analysis and synthesis when developing forecasting and optimization models and the methods of their implementation.
Research results and main conclusions. Finding the general (global) optimum for a drainage system on the basis of system optimization is a substantiation of intermediate local optimums for all its basic elements (effect, regime, technology, design). The general principles of construction and realization of complex models of system optimization which include the model of economic optimization have been developed. This model is built on the traditional economic and mathematical approach, and its environmental component determines the correctness of the optimal economic solution. The criteria of economic and ecological optimization of different levels of management decisions in time (1-project, 2-planned operation, 3-management) have been considered. We also present a complex of forecasting and simulation models for long-term forecasting on a multivariate basis, taking into account the variable natural agro-ameliorative conditions of a real object.
Prospects. The application of optimization methods requires a change in the design technology of water reclamation facilities based on the use of a multivariate approach, modern information and computer technologies. The use of system optimization will increase the overall technical, technological, environmental and economic efficiency of constructing and functioning drainage systems.
35
Birgisson, Bjorn, and Ruth Roberson. "Drainage of Pavement Base Material: Design and Construction Issues." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1709, no. 1 (January 2000): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1709-02.
Full textAbstract:
Moisture in pavement base material is a major contributor to pavement failure. Presented is an approach for measuring real-time moisture content in pavement bases during and after rain events. Conceptual models are formed for water flow through pavement sections, and an evaluation of the drainage performance of typical edgedrain configurations is provided. With an extensive sensor network and sophisticated data collection system, the Minnesota Road Research Project (MnROAD) provided an opportunity to study pavement drainage and associated base materials. Understanding the short-term, time-dependent variation in moisture contents allows the systematic evaluation of new and existing edgedrain systems. Two typical drainage configurations constructed at the MnROAD site were chosen for the study. The first section consisted of edgedrains that were introduced into a dense-graded base material to simulate retrofitting of pavements; the second section involved a traditional edgedrain design. Data were collected from an automated weather station and from Time Domain Reflectometry probes. Data collected at the MnROAD site indicated that current edgedrain design and construction techniques may result in pavement drainage systems that are only partially effective in directing flow away from the pavement base.
36
Kändler, Nils, Ivar Annus, Anatoli Vassiljev, and Raido Puust. "Real time controlled sustainable urban drainage systems in dense urban areas." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 3 (December 2, 2019): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2019.083.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stormwater runoff from urban catchments is affected by the changing climate and rapid urban development. Intensity of rainstorms is expected to increase in Northern Europe, and sealing off surfaces reduces natural stormwater management. Both trends increase stormwater peak runoff volume that urban stormwater systems (UDS) have to tackle. Pipeline systems have typically limited capacity, therefore measures must be foreseen to reduce runoff from new developed areas to existing UDS in order to avoid surcharge. There are several solutions available to tackle this challenge, e.g. low impact development (LID), best management practices (BMP) or stormwater real time control measures (RTC). In our study, a new concept of a smart in-line storage system is developed and evaluated on the background of traditional in-line and off-line detention solutions. The system is operated by real time controlled actuators with an ability to predict rainfall dynamics. This solution does not need an advanced and expensive centralised control system; it is easy to implement and install. The concept has been successfully tested in a 12.5 ha urban development area in Tallinn, the Estonian capital. Our analysis results show a significant potential and economic feasibility in the reduction of peak flow from dense urban areas with limited free construction space.
37
Rahman, Syed, Miltiadis Krokidis, and Ioannis Paraskevopoulos. "Transcholecystic approach for distal common bile duct stricture in a non-dilated biliary system: an alternative route." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 12 (December 2019): e231153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-231153.
Full textAbstract:
A 63-year-old patient was admitted to intensive treatment unit with biliary sepsis due to a small distal common bile duct stone. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was initially attempted for insertion of a biliary stent but failed due to the presence of a periampullary diverticulum. Referral to interventional radiology for percutaneous drainage was considered the next alternative even though there was no dilatation of intrahepatic ducts. Due to complete absence of intrahepatic duct dilatation, the traditional percutaneous transhepatic route was considered rather challenging. An alternative percutaneous approach via the gallbladder and subsequent catheterisation of the duodenum via the distal common bile duct was successfully performed instead without complication. We would like to describe this technique as an alternative option for drainage of the non-dilated biliary system in patients with sepsis.
38
Lan, Dun Chen. "Research on Canal System Automation Control Based on Adaptive Parameters Fuzzy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 1529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.1529.
Full textAbstract:
Automated control can improve the canal system to scheduler run levels, improve water efficiency and reduce operating costs schedule. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the control, the paper combines fuzzy control theory and PID control technology, Can give full play to the intelligence technology characteristics of the fuzzy control and can effectively improve the limitations of the traditional PID control, realize real-time self-tuning of PID control parameters, This ensures stable operation of drainage systems, can greatly improve the overall control performance of the canal, canal system automatic control development provides new ideas and approaches. Finally respectively for three kinds of operation mode of the single systems simulation, analysis of the superiority of the fuzzy theory combined with PID control.
39
Christianto, Daniel, Cuk Supriyadi Ali Nandar, and Widi Setiawan. "Development of Centrifugation Straining Control System for Greek Yogurt Production Based on Weight of Whey Drain." Proceedings of The Conference on Management and Engineering in Industry 2, no. 1 (November 23, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33555/cmei.v2i1.37.
Full textAbstract:
Greek yogurt production needs a straining process that takes 10 hours or more. This paper proposes automation and control method for the centrifugation system to speed up the process time and to optimize the accuracy of quantity of whey drainage. Using system identification, the estimated mathematical model of straining process has been developed based on the traditional process of straining the yogurt. Then, the simulation and control design optimization has been carried out by using the estimated mathematical model. Based on the simulation results using whey mass controller, motor speed controller, and the combination of whey mass and motor speed controller, the controller that used are PID controller and fuzzy logic controller. The fastest controller is a PID controller as motor speed controller and fuzzy logic controller as whey mass controller that can speed up the production time and optimize the accuracy of quantity of whey drainage.
40
Zhang, Hu Zhu, and Hui Min Li. "Urban Road Cross Section Eco-Design Based on Storage-Infiltration of Rainwater and Snowfall." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3741.
Full textAbstract:
In order to deal with the problem of flood disaster, water balance system damage and eco-environment deterioration for cities with development of urbanization in rain and snow area, an urban road cross section eco-design program with storage-infiltration utilization of rainwater and snowfall was proposed with the purpose of groundwater eco-replenishment, water conservation and snowfall stack, also ecological cross section form that can be used in practical engineering and enhancement of infiltration capability for sunken green space of urban road were put forward, and some effective anti-infiltration measures for subgrade and pavement were proposed to prevent the adverse action on urban road from the water in the sunken green space. The eco-design program increases storage-infiltration of rainwater and snowfall with holding the function of traffic organization, drainage and road landscape that belongs to the traditional urban road cross section, and it changed a single drainage system into a compositive storage-infiltration-drainage system. The eco-design program provided a basis and reference for urban road cross section eco-design in rain and snow area.
41
Safain, Mina, Marie Roguski, Alexander Antoniou, Clemens M. Schirmer, Adel M. Malek, and Ron Riesenburger. "A single center's experience with the bedside subdural evacuating port system: a useful alternative to traditional methods for chronic subdural hematoma evacuation." Journal of Neurosurgery 118, no. 3 (March 2013): 694–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.11.jns12689.
Full textAbstract:
Object The traditional methods for managing symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) include evacuation via a bur hole or craniotomy, both with or without drain placement. Because chronic SDH frequently occurs in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities, the bedside approach afforded by the subdural evacuating port system (SEPS) is an attractive alternative method that is performed under local anesthesia and conscious sedation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the radiographic and clinical outcomes of SEPS as compared with traditional methods. Methods A prospectively maintained database of 23 chronic SDHs treated by bur hole or craniotomy and of 23 chronic SDHs treated by SEPS drainage at Tufts Medical Center was compiled, and a retrospective chart review was performed. Information regarding demographics, comorbidities, presenting symptoms, and outcome was collected. The volume of SDH before and after treatment was semiautomatically measured using imaging software. Results There was no significant difference in initial SDH volume (94.5 cm3 vs 112.6 cm3, respectively; p = 0.25) or final SDH volume (31.9 cm3 vs 28.2 cm3, respectively; p = 0.65) between SEPS drainage and traditional methods. In addition, there was no difference in mortality (4.3% vs 9.1%, respectively; p = 0.61), length of stay (11 days vs 9.1 days, respectively; p = 0.48), or stability of subdural evacuation (94.1% vs 83.3%, respectively; p = 0.60) for the SEPS and traditional groups at an average follow-up of 12 and 15 weeks, respectively. Only 2 of 23 SDHs treated by SEPS required further treatment by bur hole or craniotomy due to inadequate evacuation of subdural blood. Conclusions The SEPS is a safe and effective alternative to traditional methods of evacuation of chronic SDHs and should be considered in patients presenting with a symptomatic chronic SDH.
42
Tedla, Abate, J. Sherington, and M. A. Mohamed-Saleem. "Integration of Forage and Food Crops Grown Sequentially on Vertisols under Rainfed Conditions in the Mid-Altitude Ethiopian Highlands." Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 3 (July 1994): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001447970002439x.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYPoor drainage of Vertisols in the Ethiopian mid-altitude highlands limits farming operations and cropping in the early rainy season (July–August). Traditional crops are grown on residual moisture late in the season (September–January) when waterlogging is less of a problem. Productivity is therefore below its potential. The recent introduction of a broadbed and furrow system for improved drainage on Vertisols allows full use of the growing period and provides scope for a wider variety of cropping systems and increased productivity. Trials using a sequential cropping system demonstrated that two crops a year can be grown when Vertisols are drained. The crops used in the trial were oats or an oat/vetch mixture forage in the early season followed by grasspea or chickpea food crops in the late season as the second crop. Further on-farm research on sequential cropping of forages and food crops in the mid-altitude highlands of Ethiopia is now needed.
43
Antunes, Lucas Niehuns, Calum Sydney, Enedir Ghisi, Vernon R. Phoenix, Liseane Padilha Thives, Christopher White, and Emmanuelle Stefânia Holdefer Garcia. "Reduction of Environmental Impacts Due to Using Permeable Pavements to Harvest Stormwater." Water 12, no. 10 (October 13, 2020): 2840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102840.
Full textAbstract:
While rainwater harvesting can provide additional water resources, this approach is largely undertaken using water from roofs. More recently, the potential for using stormwater harvested from permeable pavements was recognised as a potential additional water resource. The objective of this study was to estimate the reduction of environmental impacts caused by traditional drainage systems and centralised water utilities if permeable pavement systems were used to harvest stormwater for nonpotable purposes in buildings. The lifecycle environmental impacts and costs associated with the proposed pavements and hydraulic systems were assessed. The city of Glasgow was chosen as a case study. We used the Netuno computer programme to estimate the potential for potable water savings considering the use of stormwater for nonpotable purposes and the SimaPro software to perform a lifecycle assessment (LCA). With the implementation of permeable pavements and stormwater utilisation, great reductions in lifecycle emissions (i.e., CO2-, SO2-, and PM2.5-equivalent emissions) were observed. The proposed system also proved to be economically feasible, i.e., a payback period equal to 16.9 years. The results show the economic and environmental feasibility of permeable pavements when used on a large scale, proving to be an important strategy to reduce water and environmental stresses caused by centralised water utilities and traditional drainage systems.
44
Vranešević, Milica, Andrea Salvai, Atila Bezdan, and Radoš Zemunac. "Assessment of Runoff and Drainage Conditions in a North Banat Sub-Catchment, North-Eastern Serbia." Journal of Environmental Geography 12, no. 3-4 (November 1, 2019): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jengeo-2019-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The lowland area of the southeastern part of the Carpathian Basin is exposed to extreme hydrological conditions. The monitoring and analysis of the excess inland water are necessary in order to understand the scope and direction of the development of this type of flooding. When solving the problem of the drainage of an area and dimensioning drainage systems, one of the most important steps is to calculate the rate of runoff. Before calculating the rate of runoff, it is necessary to perform various analysis such as: hydrological, hydrogeological, pedological and land use analysis. The use of empirical formulas by different authors is one of the methods for determining the rate of runoff. These formulas can be of regional character, while some are applicable in different parts of the world. In this paper, the runoff coefficient and rate of runoff were calculated as indicators of the efficiency of the area drainage, employing the formulas by Nemet and Turazzo. The emphasis was put on the usage of modern tools and databases of soil characteristics while using a “traditional” method to determine rate of runoff. The obtained results demonstrate that the rate of runoff which reflects the current state of the drainage basin is very similar to the rate of runoff used for dimensioning of drainage system. The problem of retaining smaller amounts of water that remains even after the anticipated drainage deadlines can be solved with the regular maintenance of amelioration canals and additional ameliorative measures.
45
McRobie, Fiona H., Li-Pen Wang, Christian Onof, and Stephen Kenney. "A spatial-temporal rainfall generator for urban drainage design." Water Science and Technology 68, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.241.
Full textAbstract:
The work presented here is a contribution to the Thames Water project of improving the Counters Creek catchment sewerage system in London. An increase in the number of floods affecting basements in the area has indicated the need for improvements to the system. The cost of such improvements could be very high, and as such it is important to determine whether the traditional approach of applying 30-year spatially uniform design storms results in substantial overestimation. The first step in this is to generate simulations of spatially distributed rainfall events, from which 30-year storms can be extracted. Storms are modelled as clusters of Gaussian rainfall cells, extending the earlier Willems method to radar rainfall data. The parameters describing the cells and their motion are sampled from probability distributions derived from parameter estimates gained from 45 historical storm events within the catchment for the period 2000–2011. This spatial-temporal stochastic rainfall generator produces a two-dimensional time series of simulated storm events, from which events of given return period can be identified.
46
Wu, Che, Mengxi Qiao, and Sisi Wang. "Enlightenment from ancient Chinese urban and rural stormwater management practices." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 7 (April 1, 2013): 1474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.006.
Full textAbstract:
Hundreds of years ago, the ancient Chinese implemented several outstanding projects to cope with the changing climate and violent floods. Some of these projects are still in use today. These projects evolved from the experience and knowledge accumulated through the long coexistence of people with nature. The concepts behind these ancient stormwater management practices, such as low-impact development and sustainable drainage systems, are similar to the technology applied in modern stormwater management. This paper presents the cases of the Hani Terrace in Yunnan and the Fushou drainage system of Ganzhou in Jiangxi. The ancient Chinese knowledge behind these cases is seen in the design concepts and the features of these projects. These features help us to understand better their applications in the contemporary environment. In today's more complex environment, integrating traditional and advanced philosophy with modern technologies is extremely useful in building urban and rural stormwater management systems in China.
47
Tereshchenko, A. V., I. A. Molotkova, I. G. Trifanenkova, M. S. Tereshchenkova, S. S. Zhukov, and E. A. Makarenkova. "The Use of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Drainage System in the Surgical Treatment of Childhood Glaucoma." Russian ophthalmology of children, no. 3 (October 21, 2020): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2307-6658-2020-3-31-38.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment of glaucoma in children with implantation of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve drainage system, depending on the form of the disease. Materials and methods. 124 implantations of the Ahmed Glaucoma Valve FP8 drainage system, model FP8, were performed in the Kaluga branch of the IRTC «Eye Microsurgery» for children with various forms of glaucoma for the period of time from 2010 to 2020. The range of children age was from 0 to 18 years old. Primary implantation was performed in 48 cases. 76 implantations were performed after previous glaucoma interventions. 23 patients were operated on in both eyes. The operation was performed with organ-preserving purpose for 26 patients at different ages. Implantation was performed for the eyes with low visual capabilities (below 0.06) in 34 cases. Results. It was noted to decrease in the level of IOP in various types of glaucoma in children in the early postoperative period, in 100% of cases. The level of IOP remained within the normal range in 68% of cases in terms of up to 1 year. The reasons of the increase in the level of ophthalmotonus were associated with the formation of a fibrous capsule above the drainage body and a disturbance in the flow of intraocular fluid in 32% of cases. An increase of IOP was noted up to 3 years in fifty per cent of cases. IOP was regulated by the appointment of antihypertensive medicine in the eyes, where the increase of IOP was not accompanied by significant visual signs of the formation of a fibrous filter pad. Otherwise, the inspection zone of the filtration pad was conducted an audit with excision of the fibrous tissue forming above the drainage body area. As a result, the level of IOP has reached normal values. Conclusion. Along with traditional treatment methods, operations using the Ahmed drainage system are promising in the treatment of childhood glaucoma. In case of some types of congenital glaucoma, they may be the operations of the first choice (in the associated and all secondary types of glaucoma). Undoubtedly, this type of surgery requires further improvements. Including the development of materials to cover the drainage system, which will interfere with severe scarring processes.
48
Zhang, Fuhai, Yu Chen, Zhengrong Liu, Lei Chen, Yanhui Bai, and Liang Chen. "Laboratory and Field Experimental Study on the Vacuum Preloading Method with Pumping and Discharging." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (December 12, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6611609.
Full textAbstract:
Negative vacuum pressure hardly reaches deep soils due to the drain board bending and serious blockage with the existing vacuum preloading methods (VPMs), thus resulting in poor reinforcement relative to practical engineering applications. To address this issue, this paper proposes a vacuum preloading method with pumping and discharging (a new dredger filling foundation processing technique based on vacuum preloading). This new VPM is developed through technological improvement and plastic drain board innovations in traditional VPMs. The new VPM uses a plastic vertical drainage board with double drainage channels, and the core board is in a “tic-tac-toe” shape with a hollow centre and square pipeline channels. It can execute air and water drainage. Vacuum transfer holes were set at two grooves, every 2-3 m from the central pipeline of the core board. Grooves at two sides of the core board and filter membrane were rolled together to improve drainage. In addition, the vacuum pipe, tube connector, and core board centre of the vertical plastic drainage board were connected directly and securely. A stereoscopic vacuum transmission system composed of a horizontal and vertical drainage system was built. In this vacuum transmission system, the transfer route was shortened, and the loss of vacuum along the route was decreased. The negative vacuum pressure was transferred to different soil depths through the central pipeline of the core board to accelerate the dissipation of pore pressure in soil mass and prevent vacuum pressure loss caused by drainage board bending, thus improving the reinforcement effect. Dredger filling silt foundation reinforcement by VPM and VPM with pumping and drainage were compared in laboratory simulations and field tests with different drainage boards. Test results show that the loss of vacuum pressure along the drainage path was relatively smaller in the new physical vapor deposition (PVD), and the pressure transfer efficiency was increased. Deep soil mass was reinforced effectively by using the new PVD. After reinforcement, the physical and mechanical properties of soil layers were improved. Moreover, soil strengths were remarkably improved, with sharp reductions in natural moisture content and porosity. Then, the transfer law of vacuum on different drainage boards and the reinforcement mechanism of VPM with pumping and drainage were analysed. Research conclusions show the superiority of VPM with pumping and drainage in terms of effectiveness and soft foundation reinforcement. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application and development of the new VPM.
49
Raso, J., P. Malgrat, and F. Castillo. "Improvement in the selection of design storms for the new master drainage plan of Barcelona." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 1 (July 1, 1995): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0049.
Full textAbstract:
In 1988 Barcelona finished its Master Drainage Plan, where a modified Chicago storm of 10 years return period was used. Nowadays, a new Master Drainage Plan has started due to enormous urbanistic changes with the Olympics, the increasing concern for CSO problems, etc. For this Plan the use of a 67 year record from an intensity raingauge, and long-term simulation models allows a change in the traditional concept of design storms, working with historical storms. In spite of that, the complexity of the urban drainage system of Barcelona advises the use of design storms for predesign purposes. Because of that, a study has been carried out to select new design storms to solve the problem that the Chicago storm is too unfavourable as it has all its maximum medium intensities corresponding to a 10-year return period, which is not realistic.
50
Lee, Song Am, Jun Seok Kim, Hyun Keun Chee, Jae Joon Hwang, Michael Ji, Yo Han Kim, Hyeong Ju Moon, and Woo Surng Lee. "Clinical application of a digital thoracic drainage system for objectifying and quantifying air leak versus the traditional vacuum system: a retrospective observational study." Journal of Thoracic Disease 13, no. 2 (February 2021): 1020–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-20-2993.
Full text