Academic literature on the topic 'Traditional Iranian structures'
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Journal articles on the topic "Traditional Iranian structures"
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Mirmoghtadaee, Mahta. "Demands and Feasibilities of Open Building in Iranian Urban Context." Open House International 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2008): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2008-b0006.
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Traditional Iranian houses, were built of heavy, voluminous building materials resulting in massive bearing wall structures. Such buildings had fixed architectural spaces, with defined boundaries and dimensions. However, the need for adaptability was fulfilled through creating multifunctional spaces, seasonal or even daily movements in the horizontal and vertical directions of house areas, and subdivision or expansion of the primary spaces. Urbanization in Iran is leading to gradual replacement of individual houses by residential complexes and apartments in which, the use of traditional design principles was lost, while solutions to enhance adaptability in the internal layouts have not yet developed. The paper concludes that open building may provide practical tools to enhance spatial variations in the new conditions. However, to take the first step towards this approach in Iran, some major issues such as "legal framework", "changing needs of Iranian families", "Iranian life styles" and "situation of industrial building production in Iran" have to be analyzed. Considering the mentioned factors, some recommendations for architectural design are proposed.
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Mahmoodi, Masoomeh. "Social Criticism on Works of Contemporary Women Story Writers." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 8, no. 4 (August 31, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.4p.50.
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Goldmann's genetic structuralism approach is one of the literary critique approaches and believes that the literary text are derived from the ideology governing the classes of society, and focuses on study of stories and their structures to know the social structures. A review of the changes made in the themes and subjects of the works of the Iranian story writers that most of them are from the middle class of society, indicates the growth of awareness and understanding of Iranian women about their identity and individuality and the achievement of conditions beyond what they are. Although in popular stories, most Iranian female storytellers are still interested in the reproduction of traditional gender stereotypes, but female storywriters in the field of transcendental literature have entered the changes made in their cognitive realm to the actions of characters of their stories. This reveals that they seek to understand their own self and place in the world around them. Love and loneliness resulted by the confrontation between men and women are a common theme in these works that have been narrated on the various issues arising from the family and social relationships of women.
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Heidari, Farrokhlagha, and Nurullah Mansourzadeh. "Grammar Consciousness-Raising Activities and Iranian EFL Learners' Attitudes toward English Language." Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) 8, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v8i3.18496.
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The first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (C-R) activities on learning grammatical structures by Iranian EFL learners. The second one was to investigate the effect of gender through C-R activities and tasks. Finally, this study wanted to investigate the Iranian students’ attitudes toward learning English prior to and after applying the C-R activities. An attitude questionnaire was use to investigate the participants' attitudes toward learning English before and after applying C-R activities. Data analysis indicated that using C-R activities in is significantly more effective than the traditional approaches. Regarding gender, male outperformed females. Therefore, it is recommended that other teachers consider C-R activities as useful options in teaching other aspects of language. Based on the statistics and findings, Iranian students’ attitudes toward learning English language were not much different prior to and after applying C-R activities.
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Behnamian, Sara, Saman Behnamian, Fatemeh Fogh, Firooz Pashaei, and Malihe Mahin Saran. "NOVELTY ARCHITECTURE AND MATHEMATICS IN AN IRANIAN MOSQUE." Journal of Islamic Architecture 6, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v6i1.5508.
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Islamic architecture, particularly mosques architecture, has mainly been the focus of many architectural exhibitions in Muslim-majority countries. Recently, it has been influenced by novelty architecture and has been evolved into elaborate structures. Quds mosque in Tehran, Iran, is a picturesque architecture feat of a modern outlook that came under a lot of criticism for abandoning the traditional symbols of Islamic architecture. This study observes the Quds mosque from a mathematical standpoint using fractals as the method. Fractals are geometric constructions that exhibit similar or identical characteristics by order of magnitude. Rescaling a prominent architectural pattern is also a noticeable subject that considers Quds mosque from this point of view. This study shows that the Quds mosque used fractal principles; self-similarity and congruency. Those are applied in the roof form by using a triangle form on each side.
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Neghabi, Mahboobeh. "Pool- Houses – The Most Effective Elements of Traditional Passive Cooling." Current World Environment 11, no. 2 (August 25, 2016): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.11.2.18.
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Nowadays, providence of non-renewable energies is the most important issue of Iran. Iranian architects have focused on two approaches of energy saving. Firstly, they are going to use past architecture experiences and secondly, they use new scientific solutions. This paper among the traditional cooling systems, studies pool houses. They have been used in different locations of Iran; although they are similar, in general but their structure differs with the climates. This paper is going to answer some questions: Are pool-houses passive cooling systems? Are there different pool-houses in various regions of Iran? The research method is descriptive-analytic and we have collected some data and information through library and field study. We studied pool-houses in different climate conditions of Iran; we found that pool-houses have different structures. For instance, in north-west Iran, where the climate condition is cold, they are located at basement of two-story buildings, and there is not a roof ventilator. But in warm and dry areas they use Khyshkhan on the roof for wind circulation and subterranean-water is accessible in some houses.
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Vahdatpour, Shoeleh, and Afrooz Rahimi Ariaei. "Effect of Air-Shaft Partition Walls’ Arrangement on Structural Behaviour and Construction Technology of Wind Catchers in Iran." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 15, no. 6 (December 26, 2020): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.150604.
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Four-sided wind catchers are common examples of wind catchers in Yazd. Analysing the physical and structural features of these wind catchers can reveal part of the characteristics of traditional Iranian architecture and the ability of traditional architects to use such renewable energies as wind power. The present study attempts to examine the effect of the arrangement of main and accessory air-shaft partition walls on the structural behaviour and construction technology of four-sided wind catchers through conducting library and field research studies. The study also attempts to simulate the process of constructing a four-sided wind catcher based on an optimal type. The analyses indicate that in addition to the amount of air conditioning, the shape of the partition walls has a direct relationship with the wind catcher’s degree of resistance to the internal and external forces. Moreover, the extension of the partition walls into the entirety of the rack and canal, compared to other similar types with partition walls in the rack, are more resistant against the lateral forces and transfer their resultant pressure more consistently thanks to their connected and consistent structure. The analysis of the construction process of wind catchers revealed part of the characteristics of the traditional Iranian architecture, utilizing vernacular materials and aiming at constructing high structures that are efficient, resistant, and dependent on renewable wind energy.
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Qassemzadeh, Abolfazl, and Hassan Soleimani. "The Impact of Feedback Provision by Grammarly Software and Teachers on Learning Passive Structures by Iranian EFL Learners." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 6, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 1884. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0609.23.
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A major concern in today's world of pedagogy in general and language teaching, in particular, is the application of computer-assisted learning to improve students' achievement. There has been a long time that in the classroom setting only the teacher's feedback in a traditional way has been used in teaching. Due to the fact that this kind of notion can be traced back to a traditional attitude toward feedback, we looked for a new alternative in order to bring some innovation in an educational environment, namely Grammarly Software feedback provision. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the impact of feedback provision by Grammarly Software and teachers on learning passive structures by EFL learners. Through convenience sampling, 70 intermediate male and female EFL learners were selected, then they were randomly assigned to two main groups: the experimental and control group. A grammar pre-test, a post-test, and a delayed post-test were administrated to the participants in six sessions. The results of the data gathered from pre-test and post-test reveal that the effect of teacher on learning passive structure, in pre-test and post-test, were more than the effect of Grammarly Software on learning passive structure of the learners, and the effect of Grammarly Software on learning passive structure in delayed post-test scores was more than the effect of teacher on learning passive structure of learners. The results might have implications for language teachers, learners, and materials developers.
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Fatane, Hasani Jafari, Khoshneshin Zohreh, and Annamaria Curatola. "A Study on the Feasibility of Promoting the Functions of Traditional Schools in Line With the Implementation of Smart Schools in Iran." International Journal of Digital Literacy and Digital Competence 8, no. 4 (October 2017): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdldc.2017100102.
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This article describes how today's traditional Iranian schools need to be reorganized to comply with the requirements established in the knowledge and communication fields, based on modern societies, because they are part of an increasingly globalised and complex world. Since 2010, this has been important because the Iranian Government required schools to become “smart,” with particular attention given to the knowledge and the skills that come from using modern technology, such as computers and the internet. Because of this there has been a large research effort promoting and monitoring the approach of schools to ICT. In this article, the results of one of the researches carried out in Karaj (the second biggest city in Iran) are reported. This research investigated the availability of ICT structures through a survey on the point of view of teachers and headmasters. The random sampling method regarded 300 teachers and 20 headmasters to whom two sets of questionnaires were given in order to verify and collect their opinions on the different aspects of ICT implementation. The reliability of these questionnaires has been evaluated by Cronbach's alpha (0/87). The research findings have clearly shown that in Karaj the teachers' knowledge and skills of integrating information technology in everyday teaching are at intermediate level, while infrastructures and equipment considered essential for the implementation of smart schools are at a low level.
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Ravasan, Ahad Zare, Ali Nabavi, and Taha Mansouri. "Can Organizational Structure Influence ERP Success?" International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 8, no. 1 (January 2015): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijisscm.2015010103.
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Implementing enterprise resource planning systems is a sophisticated, lengthy and costly process which tends to face serious failure. Though many contributing factors have been cited in the literature, the authors argue that the integrated nature of ERP systems, which generally requires an organization to adopt standardized business processes reflected in the software, is one of the key factors contributing to these failures. The integration and standardization imposed by most ERP systems may not be suitable for all types of organizational structures and it seems that some characteristics in organizational structures affect the likelihood of implementation success or failure. Based on the theory of organizational structure, this paper analyzes how the traditional variables which define a firm's organizational structure such as formalization, complexity, and centralization along with two variables of size and CIO position in an organization influence ERP projects success. The paper tests five hypotheses using a sample of 203 Iranian cases. The results show that all of the research variables on organizational structure exert a positive influence on ERP success which confirms all the research hypotheses.
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Mahdavinejad, Mohammadjavad, Sanaz Ahmadzadeh Siyahrood, Mohammadhossein Ghasempourabadi, and Mona Poulad. "Development of Intelligent Pattern for Modeling a Parametric Program for Public Space (Case Study: Isfahan, Mosalla, Iran)." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 2930–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.2930.
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Islamic arts consist of several parts and could be noticed in works such as tiling, plaster works, stalactite work and etc. As well as in windows templates, wooden doors. The geometrical patterns as a part of Islamic arts have a ground for parametric program. This paper studies about the patterns that have emerged from Iranian traditional geometry and possess the ability to be changed into an intelligent pattern; followed by assessing characteristics that would make them parametric. The results were compared with Isfahan Mosalla, as the largest complex of metal shell with the dome-shape special structure that includes single welded mesh layer with nodes works and net pattern of classic wooden window, as a case sample. In conclusion, the reason of using the pattern worked in ceiling structure of the building has been discussed. This building is one of the valuable works that fairly reveal joining local architecture patterns with space-work structures system. Keywords: Intelligent pattern, Modelling, Parametric program, Islamic pattern.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traditional Iranian structures"
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Bashardanesh, Mohammad. "Historic Persian buildings and structures: windwards, refrigerators and structural foundations." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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Architecture in life is the light of the culture in any society and closely relates with historical, political, economic and social aspects of the society. Persian architecture and building construction should be properly examined from the depths of the history of this ancient land. Persian architecture goes back to six centuries before Christ and it has over 6000 years of continuous history. Since then ever, architecture has been related to various issues, especially religious, and has developed and evolved for centuries.
Persian architecture has features that in comparison with other countries are of particular value. Properties such as good design, precise calculations, the correct form of coverage, compliance with technical and scientific issues in the building, high balconies, tall pillars and the various decorations that each of them represent the magnificent of Persian architecture.
This study assumes that architecture and building construction are the full manifestation of human culture, and focus on some of the important elements in traditional Persian architecture: windwards, traditional refrigerators and foundations.
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Teimourian, Arash. "Exploration de la forme miniature et les influences de la musique iranienne à travers mes onze compositions." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22868.
Full textBooks on the topic "Traditional Iranian structures"
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Canepa, Matthew P. Iranian Expanse. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520290037.001.0001.
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The product of a decade of research, The Iranian Expanse is a study of the natural and built environments of power in Persia and the ancient Iranian world from the consolidation of the Achaemenid Empire in the sixth century BCE to the fall of the Sasanian Empire in the seventh century CE. It analyzes the formation and development of some of the most enduring expressions of power in Persia and the ancient Iranian world: palaces, paradise gardens and hunting enclosures, royal cities, sanctuaries and landscapes marked with a rich history of rock art and ritual activity. It explores how these structures, landscapes and urban spaces constructed and transformed Iranian imperial cosmologies, royal identities, and understandings of the past. While previous studies have often noted startling continuities between the traditions of the Achaemenids and the art and architecture of medieval or Early Modern Islam, they have routinely downplayed or ignored the tumultuous millennium between Alexander and Islam. The first study of its kind, the Iranian Expanse shows how the Seleucids, Arsacids and Sasanians played a transformative role in the development of a new Iranian royal culture that impacted early Islam and the wider Persianate world of such dynasties as the Il-Khans, Safavids, Timurids and Mughals.
Book chapters on the topic "Traditional Iranian structures"
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"Implementations." In Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics, 180–90. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5589-6.ch007.
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The distinctive feature of petroleum businesses is its wide scope. After crude oil or gas extraction, resulting semi-products undergo dozens of transformation stages in supply chains to reach the final customer. Combination of quantity and quality multiplied by external market factors produce price fluctuations that are challenging for world economics. In this regard process management might be carried out to improve supply chain performance and assure the maximum business predictability. However, for such large-scale organizations it requires big effort in operational analysis, process enhancement and process control via information systems which successfully support traditional management in function-oriented organizational structures. This chapter explores the developed engineering matrix that embraces potential methods and tools applicable for oil and gas industry. Additionally, it reveals industrial peculiarities and delivers case studies about Iranian and Hungarian petroleum companies.
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Sternfeld, Lior B. "Shifting Demographics." In Between Iran and Zion, 15–39. Stanford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503606142.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 explores ways that the Jewish community became more diverse following World War II. It examines the sociological and demographic transformations that the Jewish population experienced during the war. This chapter argues that the 1941 invasion of Iran by Allied forces and the subsequent collapse of the rigid state structure facilitated social mobility and redefinition. At the same time, a wave of Iraqi Jews arrived in Iran and added another layer of identity to the growing Jewish population. This chapter also debunks the traditional portrayal of Iran as passive in the war historiography, where it is usually examined in an insufficiently complex or nuanced way, and analyzes the ways in which the war and its aftermath shaped Iran. Contrary to the traditional historiography’s stagnant or, rather, declining analysis of Iranian Jewry, the Jewish population in Iran witnessed a golden age in terms of becoming Iranian citizens.
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Soleimani, Meysam. "The Impacts of Modernization on the Urban Structure of Iranian Traditional Cities; Meydan as Open Public Space." In New Approaches in Contemporary Architecture and Urbanism, 95–105. Alanya Hamd Emin Pasa University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/n102020iccaua316384.
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Sarkar, Bihani. "Durgā and the Making of Early Indian Civilization." In Heroic Shāktism. British Academy, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266106.003.0009.
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This chapter provides a conclusion to the book. The historical phases and their inner tensions described in the previous chapters reveal that Durgā's representation of the civilizational process and the problem of chaos remained fundamental throughout her longue durée. In a wider sense, the goddess was an intimate part of the making of early Indian civilization. Each of the three political orders within which the story, and stories, of Durgā unfolded signalled a different period in Indian culture. Whatever the principal idea-maps about people, society and power latent in the air, they became imbued in the goddess. Under the Central Asian Kuṣāṇas, whose empire was a symbiosis of Hellenistic and Iranian cultures, Durgā's personality interwove elements from those traditions, and the extent to which she was indebted to percolations from far-away Bactria may be much greater than we now assume. Under the more parochial, Brahmanical Guptas, Durga's form articulated the Vaiṣṇava ‘classical’; under both empires her single identity as a Vaiṣṇava goddess resonated with the centralized imperial structure. When the atavika New World took over, and classicism began to be reformulated, the form of the goddess became heterogeneous, and harmonious with indigenous belief systems belonging to smaller kingdoms on the rise. Heroic Śāktism offered an idea of power that was in the world, not removed from it. It gave a sense of the divine that hovered close above the ocean of saṃsāra (an image often evoked in Sanskrit poems to Durga), ready to bridge the distance between heaven and earth in order to intervene when the duress of civilizational reformation grew debilitating for its agents. In this way, the goddess's cult represented nothing less than the civilizational transmutations of the classical period from the 3rd to the 12th century. At every stage, it allowed the inclusion of the liminal into articulations concerning civilization, and through this a radical reforming of the old order.
Conference papers on the topic "Traditional Iranian structures"
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Iranmanesh, Nasim. "Lessons from Iranian hot cities for future hot cities." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/coii3874.
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Iran is an ancient country with an old civilization. Most parts of this country have been located in hot and dry region. Many cities of Iran suffer from harsh climate and water scarcity both. But we notice a rich urban planning and architecture in these cities which were adapted with this hard situation. We can survey this adaptation in many aspects of traditional urban planning and architecture in Iran. They could build some building with a good energy saving and prepared some spaces with suitable condition for living. Desert has a harsh climate with hot days and cold nights but Iranians build their houses in such a way to keep warm temperature during nights in their walls and then it had cold walls in days to reduce the temperature of the rooms. Besides they divided their homes to two parts, one part for winter and the second for summer. In summer part they used wind tower to catch and bring the wind into rooms. These houses had central yards which contained pool and plants to reduce the temperature of hot days as well. Briefly, there is a special climatic design in traditional houses of hot cities of Iran. Urban planning of these cities respected some features to reduce the effect hot climate as well. For example, there was a dense urban fabric in these cities with narrow lanes. Also, they could achieve the problem of limitation of water by some intellectual technology which called Qanat. Locating of most of the urban elements of cities obeyed from these Qanats. This Qanat provided drinkable water of city and citizens used water by some traditional hydraulic structures such as water reservoir or baths or ice house and so on. Nowadays sustainable design in architecture and urban planning is an important and essential paradigm. This paradigm emphasized on adapting with nature instead destroying it. Traditional architecture and urban planning of these Iranian cities of hot and dry climate contains a lot of features which can be useful for urban development of future hot cities which will be developed by sustainable urban planning paradigm. This paper reviews some features in traditional urban planning and architecture as some useful lessons for recent and future hot cities. Indeed, there are some aspects in these cities which can lead us a more sustainability in urban planning specially for hot cities.
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"Perception of the Residential Environments Regulation: Iranian Traditional Architecture." In International Conference on Architecture, Structure and Civil Engineering. Universal Researchers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/ur.u0915337.
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Pakseresht, Sahar, and Manel Guardia Bassols. "From the so-called Islamic City to the Contemporary Urban Morphology: the Historic Core of Kermanshah City in Iran as a Case Study." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5210.
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Sahar Pakseresht¹, Manel Guàrdia Bassols¹ ¹ Department of Theory and History of Architecture. Polytechnic University of Catalonia (UPC). Av. Diagonal, 64908028 Barcelona, Tel:93-4017874
E-mail: sahar.pakseresht@estudiant.upc.edu, manel.guardia@upc.edu Keywords: Iranian city, Kermanshah, urban morphology, Islamic city, urban transformation, Modernisation Conference topics and scale: City transformations, urban form and social use of space Pre-1920 cities in Iran are characterized by a number of features considered to be typical of the so-called “Islamic city”. A set of features are shared by traditional cities where dominated by Islam religion. The notion of “Islamic city”, often criticised for its Eurocentric nature, has guided most studies of these traditional cities. The modernisation process in so-called Islamic cities is crucial due to its serious impacts on the traditional morphology and transformation of their urban structure. We, thus, need more holistic and integrated understanding about changes of these cities derives from the modernisation process. In order to explore the broad and wide-spread changes due to modernisation process in the traditional cities in Muslim world, it is more enlightening if we study second order cities, rather than studying the transformations of major capitals such as Cairo, Istanbul or Teheran, where interventions are goal to approach a more exceptional and rhetorical characters. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the historic core of Kermanshah city, to understand the link between urban transformations and social due to modernisation process by tracing it historically. We will focus, particularly, on studying the stages of urban transformation and changes of urban morphology as well as conflict and differences between traditional urban features with the modern ones. For example, we are interested in understanding how traditional morphology and structure of residential and commercial zone are affected by the opening of new and wide boulevards in course of modernisation process, and how these changes influence everyday people life. References Kheirabadi, M. (2000). Iranian cities: formation and development. Syracuse University Press. Clarke, J. I., & Clark, B. D. (1969). Kermanshah: an Iranian provincial city (No. 10). University of Durham, Department of Geography. Bonine, M. E. (1979). THE MORPHOGENESIS OF IRANIAN CITIES∗. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 69(2), 208-224. Stefano Bianca. (2000). Urban form in the Arab world: Past and present (Vol. 46). vdf Hochschulverlag AG. Habibi, M. (1996). Az shar ta Shahr (de la Cite a la Ville). Analytical review of the city concept and its physical image in the course of time), Tehran: University of Tehran. (In Persian)
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Branduini, Paola Nella, Federico Zaina, Fereshteh Zavvari, and Yasaman Nabati Mazloumi. "QANATS AS AN ENDANGERED TRADITIONAL HYDRAULIC HERITAGE. AN INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR DOCUMENTING, RESTORING AND REUSING AN ANCIENT IRANIAN." In ARQUEOLÓGICA 2.0 - 9th International Congress & 3rd GEORES - GEOmatics and pREServation. Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia: Editorial Universitat Politécnica de Valéncia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/arqueologica9.2021.12102.
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Qanats represented a major technological solution for water supply in arid and semi-arid regions for millennia. Thanks to their multiple social and economic benefits, qanat-like systems spread from Iran through the Middle East in most of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. In recent years, this valuable traditional hydraulic technology has been neglected in preservation and reuse due to the lack of management as well as the lack of legal support. This precious heritage and sustainable water supply system according to their sustainable structural features has been replaced by modern water collection and management systems such as dams and other hydroelectric infrastructures along with new pumping technologies. However, there is a growing consensus on the number of short, medium and long-term issues emerging from these systems including pollution and other environmental damages, regional conflicts, political pressures as well as their limited lifetime and structural instability. The purpose of this paper is to show qanats as an example of endangered heritage which could also represent a sustainable and clean technology. To do so, we apply a multi-disciplinary perspective integrating archaeological, architectural, sociological and conservation methodologies on a specific case study from the Tabriz region in Northern Iran: the “No-Ras” qanat.