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Journal articles on the topic 'Traditional medicine – Cambodia'
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Ros, Bandeth, Gillian Lê, Barbara McPake, and Suzanne Fustukian. "The commercialization of traditional medicine in modern Cambodia." Health Policy and Planning 33, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx144.
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CLEMENTS, TOM, MARTIN GILBERT, HUGO J. RAINEY, RICHARD CUTHBERT, JONATHAN C. EAMES, PECH BUNNAT, SENG TEAK, SONG CHANSOCHEAT, and TAN SETHA. "Vultures in Cambodia: population, threats and conservation." Bird Conservation International 23, no. 1 (April 25, 2012): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270912000093.
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SummaryAsian vultures have undergone dramatic declines of 90–99% in the Indian Subcontinent, as a consequence of poisoning by veterinary use of the drug diclofenac, and are at a high risk of extinction. Cambodia supports one of the only populations of three species (White-rumped Vulture Gyps bengalensis, Slender-billed Vulture G. tenuirostris and Red-headed Vulture Sarcogyps calvus) outside of South Asia where diclofenac use is not widespread. Conservation of the Cambodian sub-populations is therefore a global priority. This study analyses the results of a long-term research programme into Cambodian vultures that was initiated in 2004. Population sizes of each species are estimated at 50–200+ individuals, ranging across an area of approximately 300 km by 250 km, including adjacent areas in Laos and Vietnam. The principal causes of vulture mortality were poisoning (73%), probably as an accidental consequence of local hunting and fishing practices, and hunting or capture for traditional medicine (15%). This represents a significant loss from such a small population of long-lived, slow breeding, species such as vultures. Cambodian vultures are severely food limited and are primarily dependent on domestic ungulate carcasses, as wild ungulate populations have been severely depleted over the past 20 years. Local people across the vulture range still follow traditional animal husbandry practices, including releasing livestock into the open deciduous dipterocarp forest areas when they are not needed for work, providing the food source. Reducing threats through limiting the use of poisons (which are also harmful for human health) and supplementary food provisioning in the short to medium-term through ‘vulture restaurants’ is critical if Cambodian vultures are to be conserved.
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Chea, Aun, Marie-Caroline Jonville, Sok-Siya Bun, Michèle Laget, Riad Elias, Gérard Duménil, and Guy Balansard. "In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Plants used in Cambodian Traditional Medicine." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 35, no. 05 (January 2007): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x07005338.
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The purpose of the present study was to screen 27 plant species used in the traditional medicine of Cambodia for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. Thirty-three methanolic extracts were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium smegmatis and Candida albicans. Screened by disk diffusion assay, the extracts showed antimicrobial activity especially on Gram-positive bacteria. None of the crude methanolic extracts showed activity against P. aeruginosa. Twenty-five selected extracts were evaluated using a micro-dilution test. Harrisonia perforata (roots) and Hymenodictyon excelsum (bark) exhibited a bactericidal effect against S. aureus at a concentration of 500 μg/ml. Azadirachta indica (bark), Harrisonia perforata (roots and stem) and Shorea obtusa (roots) exhibited a bactericidal effect against M. smegmatis at 250 μg/ml.
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Cheung, Peter, and George Spears. "Illness Aetiology Constructs, Health Status and Use of Health Services among Cambodians in New Zealand." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 29, no. 2 (June 1995): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048679509075918.
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Objective: The objectives of this study were to determine, among all adult Cambodians living in Dunedin: prevalence of illness aetiology beliefs; psychiatric and physical health status; pattern of use of health services; relationships between use of health services and demographic factors, illness aetiology constructs and health status; and problems encountered and improvements desired in the local health services. Method: 223 (i.e. 93.3% of all) adult Cambodians living in Dunedin were assessed, using a structured interview, in relation to their sociodemographic status, illness aetiology beliefs, physical health status and use of health services. The 28-item version of the General Health Questionnaire was used to assess psychiatric status. Results: Subjects held multiple indigenous and Western illness aetiology constructs. Psychiatric morbidity using the 28item of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ28) cutoff of 3/4 was 15.7% despite this only six subjects had ever used specialist psychiatric services. Malaria, intestinal parasitic infestations and heart conditions were the three most frequently reported physical problems. Most subjects had used traditional services in Cambodia but very few had used them in New Zealand. Health service was related to duration of stay in New Zealand. Socio-economic status, both physical and psychiatric health status and some illness aetiology constructs. One hundred and forty-two (63.7%) subjects reported problems with use of health services in Dunedin. Conclusion: Despite methodological limitations, some useful preliminary data on factors pertaining to use of and satisfaction with health services among Cambodians were collected. Future research should examine family characteristics and the decision-making processes that determine service use.
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Ay, N. V., Altantsetseg Kh, Enkhchimeg V, and Baatartsogt O. "ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF PLANTAGO SP ETHANOLIC EXTRACT IN MURINE RAW264.7 MACROPHAGE CELLS." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 21, no. 02 (February 6, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v21i02.903.
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Besides being recorded as a traditional medicine, nowadays, plantain plants (Plantago sp.) are appreciated in many more aspects. Plantain is a name applied both to a drug and to a vegetable in a number of countries as Vietnam, China, Cambodia, Laos and North American Indians [9, 13]. Plantago sp. traditionally used for treating wound, fever and inflammation in Asia. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts of Plantago sp. including P. major L. and P. depressa Willd. on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Cells were treated with different concentration of the PAE extract (50, 100, 200, 400 μg/mL) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation to evaluate its effect on cell viability, using CCK-8 assay. Nitric oxide (NO) production was assessed by Griess reagent on LPS-stimulated cells using preceding PEE treatment. Furthermore, mRNA expression of inflammmatory-related genes were evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. The results revealed that PEE treatment increased cell viability in naive cells whereas inhibited cell profileration in LPS-stimulated cell dose-dependently. In addition, NO emission and mRNA level of IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, COX-2 and NF-κB decreased by dose dependant manner. As summary, PEE exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators mRNA expression in macrophages.
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Houy, Chandy, Sam Ol Ha, Margit Steinholt, Eystein Skjerve, and Hans Husum. "Delivery as Trauma: A Prospective Time-Cohort Study of Maternal and Perinatal Mortality in Rural Cambodia." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 32, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1600145x.
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AbstractObjectiveThe majority of maternal and perinatal deaths are preventable, but still women and newborns die due to insufficient Basic Life Support in low-resource communities. Drawing on experiences from successful wartime trauma systems, a three-tier chain-of-survival model was introduced as a means to reduce rural maternal and perinatal mortality.MethodsA study area of 266 villages in landmine-infested Northwestern Cambodia were selected based on remoteness and poverty. The five-year intervention from 2005 through 2009 was carried out as a prospective study. The years of formation in 2005 and 2006 were used as a baseline cohort for comparisons with later annual cohorts. Non-professional and professional birth attendants at village level, rural health centers (HCs), and three hospitals were merged with an operational prehospital trauma system. Staff at all levels were trained in life support and emergency obstetrics.FindingsThe maternal mortality rate was reduced from a baseline level of 0.73% to 0.12% in the year 2009 (95% CI Diff, 0.27-0.98; P<.01). The main reduction was observed in deliveries at village level assisted by traditional birth attendants (TBAs). There was a significant reduction in perinatal mortality rate by year from a baseline level at 3.5% to 1.0% in the year 2009 (95% CI Diff, 0.02-0.03; P<.01). Adjusting maternal and perinatal mortality rates for risk factors, the changes by time cohort remained a significant explanatory variable in the regression model.ConclusionThe results correspond to experiences from modern prehospital trauma systems: Basic Life Support reduces maternal and perinatal death if provided early. Trained TBAs are effective if well-integrated in maternal health programs.HouyC,HaSO,SteinholtM,SkjerveE,HusumH.Delivery as trauma: a prospective time-cohort study of maternal and perinatal mortality in rural Cambodia.Prehosp Disaster Med.2017;32(2):180–186.
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Bazzano, Alessandra N., Jeni A. Stolow, Ryan Duggal, Richard A. Oberhelman, and Chivorn Var. "Warming the postpartum body as a form of postnatal care: An ethnographic study of medical injections and traditional health practices in Cambodia." PLOS ONE 15, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): e0228529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228529.
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Thay, Sovannara, Andrew Goldstein, Lena Sophia Goldstein, Vaishnavi Govind, Kruy Lim, and Chanthou Seang. "Prospective cohort study examining cervical cancer screening methods in HIV-positive and HIV-negative Cambodian Women: a comparison of human papilloma virus testing, visualization with acetic acid and digital colposcopy." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e026887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026887.
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ObjectivesLogistical and economic issues make traditional cytology-based cervical cancer screening challenging in developing countries. Alternative, cost-effective, screening strategies must be developed to screen millions of women in resource-poor countries such as Cambodia.DesignA prospective cohort study during which all women underwent four cervical cancer screening methods: (1) self-sampled human papilloma virus (HPV) testing (careHPV system), (2) clinician-collected HPV testing, (3) visualization with acetic acid (VIA) and (4) digital colposcopy (DC) with the Enhanced Visual Assessment System (EVA).SettingA referral hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia.ParticipantsTwo hundred and fifty Cambodian women (129 HIV+, 121 HIV-). Subjects were recruited from the National Center for HIV/AIDS Dermatology and sexually transmitted disease (STD) cohort, the Sihanouk Hospital Center of Hope’s Rural Outreach Teams and the Pochentong Medical Center.ResultsFifty six of the 250 (22.4%) patients tested positive for high-risk HPV (hrHPV+). Thirty seven of the 129 HIV+ women were hrHPV+ (28.6%) whereas 19/121 HIV- women were hrHPV+ (15.7%) p=0.0154. Self-sampling HPV specimens identified 50/56 (89%) whereas physician-collected specimens identified 45/56 (80%) p=0.174. 95.2% of the patients felt comfortable obtaining HPV self-samples. Thirty seven of 250 women were VIA+. Thirty of 37 VIA+ women underwent confirmatory biopsies for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (26 CIN1, 4 CIN2+). The rate of confirmed dysplasia in the HIV+ group was 20/129 (15.5%) compared with 10/121 (8.26%) in HIV- women p=0.0291. The contemporaneous physician impressions of the DC images accurately differentiated between CIN1 and CIN2+ lesions in all 30 women having confirmatory biopsies.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest potential modifications of the current cervical screening strategy that is currently being employed in Cambodia. The first step in this new strategy would be self-swabbing for hrHPV. Subsequently, hrHPV+ patients would have DC and immediate treatment based on colposcopic findings: cryotherapy for suspected CIN1 and loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) for suspected CIN2+.
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Katz, James, Kenneth Prescott, and Alan D. Woolf. "Strychnine poisoning from a cambodian traditional remedy." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 14, no. 5 (September 1996): 475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-6757(96)90157-6.
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Napagoda, Mayuri, Jana Gerstmeier, Hannah Butschek, Sudhara De Soyza, Simona Pace, Sybille Lorenz, Mallique Qader, et al. "The Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Potential of Selected Ethnomedicinal Plants from Sri Lanka." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 20, 2020): 1894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081894.
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Traditional folk medicine in Sri Lanka is mostly based on plants and plant-derived products, however, many of these medicinal plant species are scientifically unexplored. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial potency of 28 different extracts prepared from seven popular medicinal plant species employed in Sri Lanka. The extracts were subjected to cell-based and cell-free assays of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1, and nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity. Moreover, antibacterial and disinfectant activities were assessed. Characterization of secondary metabolites was achieved by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis. n-Hexane- and dichloromethane-based extracts of Garcinia cambogia efficiently suppressed 5-LO activity in human neutrophils (IC50 = 0.92 and 1.39 µg/mL), and potently inhibited isolated human 5-LO (IC50 = 0.15 and 0.16 µg/mL) and mPGES-1 (IC50 = 0.29 and 0.49 µg/mL). Lipophilic extracts of Pothos scandens displayed potent inhibition of mPGES-1 only. A methanolic extract of Ophiorrhiza mungos caused significant NO scavenging activity. The lipophilic extracts of G. cambogia exhibited prominent antibacterial and disinfectant activities, and GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of fatty acids, sesquiterpenes and other types of secondary metabolites. Together, our results suggest the prospective utilization of G. cambogia as disinfective agent with potent anti-inflammatory properties.
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Wang, Hui, Guanyong Luo, Jiayuan Wang, Haiyan Shen, Ying Luo, Haofu Dai, and Wenli Mei. "Flavonoids Produced by Tissue Culture of Dracaena cambodiana." Natural Product Communications 9, no. 1 (January 2014): 1934578X1400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1400900113.
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Dragon's blood is a traditional medicine used in many countries of many cultures because of its various therapeutic uses, and its main bioactive compounds are flavonoids, which mainly exhibit antitumor and antimicrobial activities. In the process of tissue culture of Dracaena cambodiana, one of its resource plants, red secretion was discovered in the culture when 6-benzylaminopurine was added. Analysis of its constituents by HPLC in comparison with dragon's blood and the standards proved that 17 compounds, including 10 flavonoids, are the same as those in dragon's blood. It is promising that flavonoids from dragon's blood could be produced by tissue culture of its resource plants for the development of new drugs.
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Frye, Barbara. "The Process of Health Care Decision Making among Cambodian Immigrant Women." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 10, no. 2 (July 1989): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/l2n6-4hwj-378k-y93d.
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This qualitative study examined the congruence between health beliefs and behavior as reported by thirty Cambodian (Khmer) refugee women in Southern California. Utilizing in-home interviewing in the Khmer language, data were gathered on 226 illness episodes occurring among 157 family members tracked over an eight-month span. Informants reported a strong maternal role in health care decision making with all ages of children. Adult decision making demonstrated an individualistic pattern. Causes of illness were attributed primarily to humoral imbalances and illness avoidance behavior reflected these beliefs. Treatment was a blend of scientific and traditional medicine. Health care was accessed in settings of linguistic and cultural comfort regardless of distance. Disease prevention was linked to adequate food quantity. Chronic degenerative disease, stress, and reproductive complications were reported frequently. The adolescents and women appeared to be at high risk for cultural stress.
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Ding, Xupo, Jiahong Zhu, Hao Wang, Huiqin Chen, and Wenli Mei. "Dragon’s Blood from Dracaena cambodiana in China: Applied History and Induction Techniques toward Formation Mechanism." Forests 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11040372.
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Dragon’s blood that is extracted from Dracaena plants has been widely used as traditional medicine in various ancient cultures. The application of dragon’s blood has a cherished history in China, even though the original plants were not discovered for some period. Dracaena cochinchinensis and Dracaena cambodiana were successively discovered in southern China during the 1970s–1980s. In the last half of the century, Chinese scientists have extensively investigated the production of dragon’s blood from these two Dracaena species, whereas these results have not been previously systematically summarized, as in the present paper. Herein, we present the applied history in ancient China and artificially induced technologies for dragon’s blood development based on these two Dracaena species, in particular, using tissue cultures seedlings and tender plants of D. cambodiana. Big data research, including transcriptomic and genomic studies, has suggested that dragon’s blood might be a defense substance that is secreted by Dracaena plants in response to (a)biotic stimuli. This review represents an effort to highlight the progress and achievements from applied history as well as induction techniques that are used for the formation of dragon’s blood that have taken place in China. Such knowledge might aid in the global conservation of wild Dracaena species and contribute to understanding dragon blood formation mechanisms, eventually assisting in the efficient utilization of limited Dracaena plant resources for the sustainable production of dragon’s blood.
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Lewis, Denise, Desiree Seponski, and Amber Kelley. "Older Adult Refugees’ Roles in Creating Partnerships for Culturally Responsive Healthcare." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1208.
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Abstract The aim of this presentation is to reveal the importance of engaging older refugee community members in creating partnerships with local healthcare providers to implement culturally responsive interventions. Such engagement invites older refugees’ participation and encourages continued connection to country of origin beliefs and culture, particularly within the sphere of healthcare and medical family therapy. Cambodian and Laotian refugee families in coastal Alabama were interviewed via qualitative community-based participatory research and ethnographic, in-depth interviews focused on familial and communal processes. Local healthcare providers engaged in focus group discussions regarding cultural processes associated with health beliefs and behaviors and in periodic outreach through culturally responsive health fairs. We found that older adults play important roles in refugee populations as community leaders, problem-solvers, and legacy-carriers upholding traditional values and cultural continuity. They also maintain and promote continuity by employing traditional, complementary, or alternative medicine (TCAM). Recursive processes also emerged as older individuals sought care from younger community members in times of sickness, including having younger generations provide language translation and transportation to local healthcare centers and hospitals and in navigating the United States healthcare system. In addition, community members joined with local healthcare providers to aide in health and healthcare literacy among refugees and to educate local physicians on culturally responsive interventions. Implications include the inclusion of older adults in health decisions and the promotion and maintenance of community partnerships with health agencies that both encourage TCAM utilization and also allow for access to ongoing, appropriate treatment within the US healthcare system.
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Kao, Wen-Yi, Chien-Yun Hsiang, Shih-Ching Ho, Tin-Yun Ho, and Kung-Ta Lee. "Chemical Profiles of Incense Smoke Ingredients from Agarwood by Headspace Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Molecules 23, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112969.
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Agarwood, the resinous wood in the heartwood of Aquilaria trees, has been used as incense in traditional Chinese medicine for its sedative, aphrodisiac, carminative, and anti-emetic effects. Grading of agarwood is usually based on its physical properties. Therefore, it is important to develop analytic methods for judgment and grading of agarwood. Here, we created a headspace (HS) preheating system that is combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS GC-MS) to analyze the chemical constituents in the incense smoke produced by agarwood. Incense smoke generated in the HS preheating system was injected directly to GC-MS for analysis. A total of 40 compounds were identified in the incense smoke produced by Kynam agarwood, the best agarwood in the world. About half of the compounds are aromatics and sesquiterpenes. By analyzing chemical constituents in the incense smoke produced by Vietnamese, Lao, and Cambodian varieties of agarwood, we found that butyl hexadecanoate, butyl octadecanoate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate, and squalene were common in the aforementioned four varieties of agarwoods. 2-(2-Phenylethyl) chromone derivatives were identified only in the incense smoke produced by Kynam agarwood, and were the major ingredient (27.23%) in the same. In conclusion, this is the first study that analyzes chemical profiles of incense smoke produced by agarwood using HS GC-MS. Our data showed that 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone derivatives could be used to assess quality of agarwoods. Moreover, HS GC/MS may be a useful tool for grading quality of agarwood.
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Lee, Young-Sil, Seung-Hyung Kim, Heung Yuk, Geung-Joo Lee, and Dong-Seon Kim. "Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze (New Zealand Spinach) Prevents Obesity and Hyperuricemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081087.
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Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze, called New Zealand spinach (NZS), is an edible plant used in salad in Western countries and has been used to treat gastrointestinal diseases in traditional medicine. We examined the anti-obesity and anti-hyperuricemic effects of NZS and the underlying mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Mice were fed a normal-fat diet (NFD); high-fat diet (HFD); HFD with 75, 150, or 300 mg/kg NZS extract; or 245 mg/kg Garcinia cambogia (GC) extract. NZS decreased body weight gain, total white adipose tissue (WAT), liver weight, and size of adipocytes and improved hepatic and plasma lipid profiles. With NZS, the plasma levels of the leptin and uric acid were significantly decreased while the levels of the adiponectin were increased. Furthermore, NZS decreased the expression levels of adipogenesis-related genes and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is involved in uric acid production, while increasing that of proteins associated with fatty acid oxidation. UPLC analysis revealed that NZS contained 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl(1′′′→2′′)-β-d-glucopyranoside, 6-methoxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl(1′′′→2′′)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(6′′′′-caffeoyl)-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 6,4′-dimethoxykaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucosyl(1′′′→2′′)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(6′′′′-caffeoyl)-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside. These results suggest that NZS exerts anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-hyperuricemic effects in HFD-induced obese mice, which are partly explained by regulation of lipid-metabolism-related genes and proteins and decreased expression of XOR.
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Moffatt, S., and P. Rhimes. "Deliberate corrosive substance attacks – A systematic review." Trauma 22, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408620912568.
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Introduction Deliberate corrosive substance attacks (DCSA) have traditionally been associated with low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). However, the incidence of DCSA in certain geographical locations of the UK has increased in recent years. These attacks have a relatively low mortality rate but cause extensive life-changing injuries and the management from point of wounding to definitive care is challenging for all involved. Methods A systematic review was used to identify literature about DCSA and establish how much evidence about these attacks has been published over the last decade. Victim and perpetrator characteristics, substances used, injury patterns, mortality, pre-hospital and hospital-based management and complications associated with management were areas of interest. The review included any medical literature (case reports, letters, reviews) published within the last 10 years that described DCSA against human victims. Non-English language articles were excluded. Results Eighteen articles containing 762 victims of DCSA were included; seven victims had incomplete data. Articles were mostly from LMIC (Bangladesh, Columbia, Cambodia, India, Iran, Sri Lanka and Pakistan) but there were five articles were from the UK (three ‘Letters to Editors’, one survivor letter and one retrospective review of 21 victims). UK victim and perpetrator characteristics varied from those in LMIC. Seven papers described pre-hospital management and nine described hospital/surgical management. Conclusions The evidence base surrounding DCSA is limited especially in the UK setting. More research into the epidemiology and management of DCSA in the UK is warranted.
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Richman, Mark J., Suhaila Nawabi, Lauren Patty, and Irwin Ziment. "Traditional Cambodian Medicine." Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1553-3840.1194.
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Yi, Siyan, Chanrith Ngin, Sovannary Tuot, Pheak Chhoun, Tyler Fleming, and Carinne Brody. "Utilization of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine and mental health among patients with chronic diseases in primary health care settings in Cambodia." International Journal of Mental Health Systems 11, no. 1 (September 22, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13033-017-0167-x.
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Peltzer, Karl, Supa Pengpid, Apa Puckpinyo, Siyan Yi, and Le Vu Anh. "The utilization of traditional, complementary and alternative medicine for non-communicable diseases and mental disorders in health care patients in Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam." BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 16, no. 1 (March 8, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-016-1078-0.
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Callery, James J., Nou Sanann, Rupam Tripura, Thoek Buntau, Thomas J. Peto, Pich Kunthea, Christopher Pell, et al. "Engaging ethnic minority communities through performance and arts: health education in Cambodian forest villages." International Health, October 10, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihaa076.
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Abstract Background In Siem Pang, northeastern Cambodia, malaria transmission persists in remote forested areas populated by ethnic minorities. Engaging affected communities in health education campaigns is challenging due to language, access and literacy constraints. During 2018, a newly established medical research station conducted a health education programme in local villages harnessing traditional songs, arts and crafts, along with theatre, comedy and health talks and quizzes. Health education topics were proposed by community leaders and focused on maternal and child health and malaria. This article describes a process evaluation of these activities, the community's response and whether this was an appropriate form of health education in this context. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with community members, leaders and performers. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and translated to English for thematic analysis. Results In total, 65 interviews were conducted; 20 of these were follow-up interviews with respondents interviewed prior to the performances. Respondents were able to recall the key health messages about malaria, antenatal care and infant vaccination. They also showed good awareness of malaria transmission and prevention and described how they enjoyed the events and appreciated the efforts of the project team. Conclusions In isolated communities in Cambodia, a health education programme harnessing performance and arts engaged the whole community and its messages were readily recalled and prompted reflection.
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FERNANDEZ, MICHELE, NAVEEN KUMAR SHIVASHEKAREGOWDA, and YOW HUI YIN. "THE POTENTIAL ROLE OF GENUS TINOSPORA IN WOUND HEALING: A REVIEW." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, April 1, 2021, 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2021v13i4.37980.
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Genus Tinospora has been used in traditional medicine throughout various parts of Asia, particularly in India, China, Thailand, Malaysia and Cambodia. Its ethnomedicinal uses include treatment for fever, cold, oral ulcer, headaches, diarrhoea, diabetes, digestive disorder and rheumatoid arthritis. Some of its ethnomedicinal uses have been justified via scientific studies, include antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Recently, several studies have been initiated to investigate the role of Tinospora species in wound healing. This comprehensive review used updated information obtained from systematic literature search using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar, to assess the wound healing properties of eleven major Tinospora species namely, T. cordifolia, T. crispa, T. sagittata, T. sinensis, T. bakis, T. craveniana, T. tuberculata, T. capillipes, T. rumphii, T. smilacina, and T. baenzigeri. The information obtained revealed that only T. cordifolia and T. crispa have been reported on its wound-healing abilities. Studies demonstrated that T. cordifolia is associated with early re-epithelisation, enhanced tensile strength, increased granulation tissues and increased collagen contents. Whereas T. crispa is reported with wound healing activity through the elevated antioxidant enzymes and inflammation phase. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on phytochemical constituents from plant extracts that contribute to the wound healing process and their underlying mechanisms. This review deduced the potential gaps for future research aiming to study the genus Tinospora as a potential wound healing agent.
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Pieroni, Andrea, Ina Vandebroek, Julia Prakofjewa, Rainer W. Bussmann, Narel Y. Paniagua-Zambrana, Alfred Maroyi, Luisa Torri, et al. "Taming the pandemic? The importance of homemade plant-based foods and beverages as community responses to COVID-19." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 16, no. 1 (December 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00426-9.
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AbstractHousehold responses to COVID-19 in different corners of the world represent the primary health care that communities have relied on for preventing and mitigating symptoms. During a very complex and confusing time, in which public health services in multiple countries have been completely overwhelmed, and in some cases even collapsed, these first-line household responses have been quintessential for building physical, mental, and social resilience, and for improving individual and community health. This editorial discusses the outcomes of a rapid-response preliminary survey during the first phase of the pandemic among social and community contacts in five metropolises heavily affected by the COVID-19 health crisis (Wuhan, Milan, Madrid, New York, and Rio de Janeiro), and in twelve rural areas or countries initially less affected by the pandemic (Appalachia, Jamaica, Bolivia, Romania, Belarus, Lithuania, Poland, Georgia, Turkey, Pakistan, Cambodia, and South Africa). We summarized our perspectives as 17 case studies, observing that people have relied primarily on teas and spices (“food-medicines”) and that there exist clear international plant favorites, popularized by various new media. Urban diasporas and rural households seem to have repurposed homemade plant-based remedies that they use in normal times for treating the flu and other respiratory symptoms or that they simply consider healthy foods. The most remarkable shift in many areas has been the increased consumption of ginger and garlic, followed by onion, turmeric, and lemon. Our preliminary inventory of food medicines serves as a baseline for future systematic ethnobotanical studies and aims to inspire in-depth research on how use patterns of plant-based foods and beverages, both “traditional” and “new”, are changing during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Our reflections in this editorial call attention to the importance of ethnobiology, ethnomedicine, and ethnogastronomy research into domestic health care strategies for improving community health.
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Wongstitwilairoong, Tippa, Saranath Lawpoolsri Niyom, Ngamphol Soonthornworasiri, Jariyanart Gaywee, and Jaranit Kaewkungwal. "Enhancing Epidemic Detection Using Syndromic Surveillance and Early Notification Methods." Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 10, no. 1 (May 22, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v10i1.8848.
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ObjectiveThis paper presents an investigation using early notification methods to enhancing epidemic detection in syndromic surveillance data from royal Thai army in Thailand.IntroductionEarly Notification Detection Systems have taken a critical role in providing early notice of disease outbreaks. To improve the detection methods for disease outbreaks, many detection methods have been created and implemented. However, there is limited information on the effectively of syndromic surveillance in Thailand. Knowing the performance, strengths and weakness of these surveillance systems in providing early warning for outbreaks will increase disease outbreak detection capacity in Thailand.MethodsThis study describes and compares the capabilities of various outbreak detection algorithms using 37,043 unique syndromic daily reports based on medical information from both civilian and military personnel from the Unit Base Surveillance of Royal Thai Army (RTA) along the Thai-Myanmar and Thai-Cambodia boarder areas. Traditional epidemic detection method: mean plus two SD were compared with algorithms for early notification methods and which included regression, regression/EWMA/Poisson, CDC-C1, CDC-C2 and CDC-C3. Early notification and epidemic detection methods were compared according to their ability to generate alert notifications. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value and overall accuracy to detect or predict disease outbreaks were estimated.ResultsThis study shows that the preliminary results are promising for epidemic detection by early notification methods in syndromic surveillance in Thailand. The majority of syndromic records were categorized into 12 symptoms. The three most common symptoms were respiratory, fever and gastrointestinal illness (11,501; 9,549 and 4,498 respectively). The results from the early notification systems were analyzed and their performances were compared with traditional epidemic detection method according to their ability to generate early warning alerts for the 3 symptoms. In our study regression/EWMA/Poisson method had higher specificity across the 3 symptoms (94.5%, 94.7% and 95.9% respectively), but generated lower sensitivity (22.6%, 40.4% and 23.1%). CDC-C1, CDC-C2 and CDC-C3 algorithms are easy to understand and are widely used. CDC-C3 had higher sensitivity to detect gradual disease outbreak effects (64.2%, 70.2% and 57.7%), but it is known to produce higher alarm rates/false positive signals.ConclusionsWithin the syndromic surveillance data of RTA, the CDC algorithm is the best chosen to use in the syndromic system due to being easy to understand and implement in a system with high sensitivity. CDC-C2 is the best early notification detection method due to its high sensitivity and PPV. However, CDC-C3 is shows the highest sensitivity, but exhibits the lowest specificity and PPV for all symptoms including a high alarm rates. To be useful, early notification detection methods must have acceptable operating characteristics. Consequently, we should select the most appropriate algorithm method to explain the data well and in order to improve detection of outbreaks. The comparison methods used in this study may be useful for testing other proposed alert threshold methods and may have further applications for other populations and other diseases.References1. Chretien JP, Burkom HS, Sedyaningsih ER, Larasati RP, et al. Syndromic Surveillance: Adapting Innovations to Developing Settings. PLoS Medicine 2008; vol 5: page 1-6.2. Burkom HS, Elbert Y, Magruder SF, Najmi AH, Peter W, Thompson MW. Developments in the roles, features, and evaluation of alerting algorithms for disease outbreak monitoring. Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest 2008; vol 27: page 313.
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Zhu, Jiahong, Wan Zhao, Rongshuang Li, Dong Guo, Huiliang Li, Ying Wang, Wenli Mei, and Shiqing Peng. "Identification and Characterization of Chalcone Isomerase Genes Involved in Flavonoid Production in Dracaena cambodiana." Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (February 25, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.616396.
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Dragon’s blood is a traditional medicine in which flavonoids are the main bioactive compounds; however, the underlying formation mechanism of dragon’s blood remains largely poorly understood. Chalcone isomerase (CHI) is the key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. However, CHI family genes are not well understood in Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep, an important source plant of dragon’s blood. In this study, 11 CHI family genes were identified from D. cambodiana, and they were classified into three types. Evolutionary and transcriptional profiling analysis revealed that DcCHI1 and DcCHI4 might be involved in flavonoid production. Both DcCHI1 and DcCHI4 displayed low expression levels in stem under normal growth conditions and were induced by methyl jasmonate (MeJA), 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA, synthetic cytokinin), ultraviolet-B (UV-B), and wounding. The recombinant proteins DcCHI1 and DcCHI4 were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by His-Bind resin chromatography. Enzyme activity assay indicated that DcCHI1 catalyzed the formation of naringenin from naringenin chalcone, while DcCHI4 lacked this catalytic activity. Overexpression of DcCHI1 or DcCHI4 enhanced the flavonoid production in D. cambodiana and tobacco. These findings implied that DcCHI1 and DcCHI4 play important roles in flavonoid production. Thus, our study will not only contribute to better understand the function and expression regulation of CHI family genes involved in flavonoid production in D. cambodiana but also lay the foundation for developing the effective inducer of dragon’s blood.
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Bhattacharjee, Swarnali, and Rajlakshmi Devi. "A comprehensive review of Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. and its therapeutic potential." Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry 21 (February 17, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389557521666210217094152.
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: Garcinia pedunculata Roxb. (GP), belonging to family Clusiaceae is an evergreen tree growing in semi-wild conditions, widely distributed throughout the Northeastern part of India. Traditionally, this plant is believed to be of immense medicinal importance and is used for the treatment of various ailments. In Assam, the acidic fruit of GP is effectively used in folklore medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders and is an integral part of ethnic Assamese cuisine. The ripe fruit, seldom consumed fresh or raw, is cut into thin slices, sun-dried for preservation as it is believed that the medicinal property of the fruit increases as it ages. With much traditional claims and beliefs surrounding this plant, many therapeutic potentials of GP has been explored through research till now including its antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and nephroprotective properties. Moreover, the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids along with bioactive components like hydroxycitric acid, garcinol, cambogin have also been reported from this plant thereby increasing its research avenues. Even with the available knowledge, there is a huge lacking in understanding of its underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the therapeutic properties, pharmacological mode of action, and its effect in different pathological conditions along with detailed information on its chemical composition. This review mainly aims to summarise the potentially beneficial properties of GP that have already been reported, along with identifying the new avenues that still need to be addressed, thereby increasing the future prospect for in-depth research with this plant, along with its distribution and conservation status.
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Zhao, Hongyou, Shuang Li, Chunyong Yang, Ge Li, Yanfang Wang, Jianming Peng, Zhen Yan, Rongying Li, Yanqian Wang, and Lixia Zhang. "FISH-Based Karyotype Analyses of Four Dracaena Species." Cytogenetic and Genome Research, July 21, 2021, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000516897.
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The genus <i>Dracaena</i> is the main source of dragon’s blood, which is a plant resin and has been used as traditional medicine since ancient times in different civilizations. However, the chromosome numbers and karyotypes present in this genus remain poorly understood. In this study, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using oligonucleotide probes for ribosomal DNAs (5S and 45S rDNA) and telomeric repeats (TTTAGGG)<sub>3</sub> was applied to analyze 4 related species: <i>Dracaena terniflora</i> Roxb., <i>Dracaena cambodiana</i> Pierre ex Gagnep., Aizong (<i>Dracaena</i> sp.), and <i>Dracaena cochinchinensis</i> (Lour.) S.C. Chen. In all 4 species, both 5S and 45S rDNA showed hybridization signals in the paracentromeric region of a pair of chromosomes; the sizes of the 45S rDNA signals were larger than those of the 5S rDNA. Importantly, the telomeric repeat signals were located in the telomeric regions of almost all chromosomes. The results indicated that the chromosome number of all 4 <i>Dracaena</i> species is 2n = 40, and the lengths of the mitotic metaphase chromosomes range from 0.99 to 2.98 μm. Our results provide useful cytogenetic information, which will be beneficial to future studies in genome structure of the genus <i>Dracaena</i>.