Relevant bibliographies by topics / Traditional way of financing

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Traditional way of financing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Traditional way of financing"

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Zakharkin, O., L. Zakharkina, Yu Solomko, and К. Ivnytska. "ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL AND INNOVATIVE INSTRUMENTS OF BUSINESS ENTITIES` FINANCING." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu, no. 2 (2020): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2020.2-6.

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The analysis of publishing activity on the use of innovative tools for financing business activities has shown a recent increase in scientific interest in this issue, which indicates its relevance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibilities of using traditional and innovative tools for financing business activities at different stages of satisfaction the investment needs of businesses. The study considers the main traditional and innovative mechanisms for raising capital for business development, as well as analyzes the financing tools of economic entities depending on the stage of business development. The main forms of bank lending to business entities are described, the main mechanisms of state financing and its legislative regulation are considered. The main differences between business angels and venture funds are analyzed. An innovative form of project financing through crowdfunding is considered. Possibilities of application of mezzanine financing and initial public offering of shares at different stages of realization of investment projects are analyzed. SWOT-analysis of such capital raising instruments as: bank lending, public financing, financing based on the 3F model, venture financing, crowdfunding, mezzanine financing, IPO was made. Based on the SWOT-analysis, the expediency of using certain tools at different stages of development of the business entity is substantiated. Research has shown that innovative financing instruments have significant dissemination potential, especially in the context of the rapid development of information technology. Further research in this area should be devoted to identifying the factors contributing to the spread of innovative tools for business financing. The obtained results can be used by entrepreneurs in choosing the optimal sources of financing investment activities. The results of the work deepen the knowledge about the possibilities of using innovative tools for the formation of financial resources.
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Ngoc Linh, Nguyen, Xiao Wan, and Hoang Thi Thuy. "Financing a PPP Project: Sources and Financial Instruments—Case Study from China." International Journal of Business and Management 13, no. 10 (September 27, 2018): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n10p240.

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The Public-Private Partnership (PPP) model is often referred to as a new effective way in funding issue solving for infrastructure development and management. A PPP model project involves numerous of stakeholders and the most typical and basic PPP model comprised of three actors: Government, the private sector and financial institutions. Based on the features of PPPs, the differences between PPP model and traditional financing methods are clearly demonstrated through the financing period; investment and financing subject; property ownership; financing credit basis; financing purposes; source of repayment; guarantee; and degree of financing risk. On the other hand, the selection of a suitable structure from the financial source is based on the choice of the best combination of equity and debt. In terms of project financing structure, it can be divided into three main sections: equity contributions, debt contributions and mezzanine/Subordinated contributions. Moreover, according to the characteristics of different PPPs, the financial structure of the project will be determined to optimize the financial benefits of the project. Furthermore, for each stage of the project, financial instruments will be used appropriately. This paper will deliver a summary and review of PPP projects, as well as the stakeholders involved in implementing a project under a basic PPP model. In addition, this paper will discuss the financial structure of a project, and the PPP project financial instruments that commonly used will also be clearly analyzed. Based on the in-depth knowledge of the PPP model, the paper will depend on the development situation of the PPP model in some countries, especially China, to provide visual examples of each financial instrument.
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Kadhum Al-Atabi, Sadiq Jafar. "Financing Companies using Financial Technology an Exploratory Study." JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY OF BABYLON for Pure and Applied Sciences 27, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jubpas.v27i1.2064.

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The modern technology to finance investments, of leasing, and the wide attention in the industrialized countries due to their particular flexibility, as well as their low costs often thus making them an alternative to compete with other traditional financing methods. It is noted in this regard that developing countries, especially Arab ones for the most part what relatively late still in the application of this type of financing , companies are leasing is still very low compared with the industrialized countries due to traditional methods control of funding for financial institutions, and non-acceptance risk in new areas of funding, lack of professionalism in the financial and banking field and then dodging relatively active participation in economic development; this study examine the decision to leasing the Iraqi environment as a source of funding for projects to identify extent the desire of the Iraqi projects and their ability to exercise Activity leasing, as well as the desire of the Iraqi banks and their ability to finance the leasing projects, According hypotheses of the study using a model according to the measure " Likert " questionnaire, the first model to the Iraqi projects, as leasing , and was (50) projects , in the face of the second model to the branches of Iraqi banks, as leased, the (40) bank. The study concluded the following results: The desire of the Iraqi projects, and their ability to exercise Activity leasing, as well as a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge of the project of leasing activity and flexible lease process, and pledges to the tenant project against for financing its assets on the one hand, and between the desire of the projects, and their ability to exercise leasing activity on the other.
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Pedchenko, Nataliya, Victoria Strilec, Galina M. Kolisnyk, Mariia V. Dykha, and Serhiy Frolov. "Business angels as an alternative to financial support at the early stages of small businesses’ life cycle." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 1 (February 22, 2018): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(1).2018.15.

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In the process of small business establishment and development, it is very important to understand both the financial needs of entrepreneurs and the main obstacles and difficulties arising in the way of financing. Alternative sources of financial support, along with traditional ones, create opportunities to increase funds, but the solution to the issue of their attraction should be based on modern effective methods and decision- making technologies. The article uses the decision tree method to determine the optimal alternative to financial support of small business at the early stages of the life cycle. The results highlight the importance of alternative source of resources for small business entities, namely business angels’ means. The empirical and statistical analysis confirms that access to alternative sources of financing for small businesses in EU countries is improving, while in Ukraine, informal financing is a rather new and underdeveloped area. Based on the analysis of the advantages of using the business angels’ funds, it was concluded that they need to implement their potential in small business of Ukraine. The results show that the decision tree method is an effective tool for deciding on the prioritization of a financial alternative to the small business, and is characterized by ease of use, forecast precision and problems solution novelty.
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BRESSER-PEREIRA, LUIZ CARLOS, and CINTHIA BECHELAINE. "Multilateral development banks, new developmentalism and local currency financing." Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 39, no. 4 (December 2019): 755–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572019-2980.

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ABSTRACT Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are designed to finance investments that promote global economic and social development. The objective of this paper is to discuss a key component in meeting the demand for investment in developing countries, namely the ability of MDBs to provide loans in local rather than foreign currency. To explain how these institutions fulfill this purpose, we distinguish “traditional” from “new” MDBs, discuss the problems generated from foreign currency indebtedness, and explore a way out, or an alternative explanation, based on New Developmentalism theory and the challenge of local currency financing.
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Bernardino, Susana, and J. Freitas Santos. "Financing social ventures by crowdfunding." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 17, no. 3 (July 19, 2016): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465750316655903.

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Studies on the profile of the social entrepreneurs that use crowdfunding (CF) for financing social projects are relatively rare, specifically in the context of Social Stock Exchange platforms. This research aims to understand the role played by social entrepreneurs’ personality traits on the choice between the traditional donation model and social CF to finance social projects. The particular case of the Portuguese Social Stock Exchange (PSSE) is presented and a quantitative and exploratory approach is used. The data were collected through a questionnaire that was emailed to non-governmental organizations in Portugal and founders of the projects listed on PSSE. Logistic regression is employed to predict the probability that a social entrepreneur would use PSSE rather than traditional financing. The predictor variables are based on the Big Five personality traits. Our investigation reveals that the conscientiousness personality trait is the only factor that might explain the use of the PSSE platform.
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Arcand, Melissa M., Lori Bradford, Dale F. Worme, Graham E. H. Strickert, Ken Bear, Anthony Blair Dreaver Johnston, Sheldon M. Wuttunee, Alfred Gamble, and Debra Shewfelt. "Sowing a way towards revitalizing Indigenous agriculture: creating meaning from a forum discussion in Saskatchewan, Canada." FACETS 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 619–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0004.

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Agriculture is practiced on 3–4 million acres of First Nations reserve lands in the Saskatchewan Prairies—predominantly by non-Indigenous farmers. A confluence of factors including an increase in agricultural land holdings on reserve and greater autonomy in land management have renewed conversations on how First Nations can realize the full economic benefits and exert greater control over agricultural activities that affect the reserve land base. We hosted a Forum on Indigenous Agriculture to share current knowledge on the contemporary status of Indigenous agriculture and to co-formulate research, capacity building, and policy priorities. First Nations’ roles in agriculture are diverse and were categorized in three broad contexts: as farmers, relying on traditional Indigenous or western practice, or a synergy of both; as landlords negotiating lease agreements; and as agribusiness entrepreneurs. Five themes emerged from the forum: centring Indigenous knowledge and traditional relationships to the land, capacity building, building respectful partnerships and relationships, financing farming and equitable economies, and translating research to policy and legislation. The forum provided foundational data to inform research and capacity building to meet community-defined goals in agriculture on reserve lands and by First Nations people.
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Tabash, Mosab I., and Raj S. Dhankar. "Islamic Financial Development and Economic Growth-- Empirical Evidence from United Arab Emirates." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v2i3.9630.

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This paper analyzes empirically the relationship between the development of Islamic finance system and growth of the economy in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). To document the relationship between development of Islamic finance and economic growth, time series data from 1990 to 2010 were used. We use Islamic banks’ financing credited to private sector through modes of financing as a proxy for the development of Islamic finance system and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), as proxies for real economic growth. For the analysis, the unit root test, cointegration test and Granger Causality tests were done. Our empirical results show that there is a strong positive association between Islamic banks’ financing and economic growth in the UAE, which reinforces the idea that a well-functioning banking system promotes economic growth. However, our results indicate that a causal relationship happens only in one direction, i.e., from Islamic banks’ financing to economic growth, which supports Schumpeter’s supply-leading theory. In this case, the development in the Islamic financial sector acts as supply, leading to transfer of resources from the traditional, low-growth sectors to the modern high-growth sectors, and to promote and stimulate an entrepreneurial response in these modern sectors. Furthermore, the results show that Islamic Banks’ financing has contributed to the increase of investment in UAE in the long term and in a positive way.
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Tilburt, Jon, and Baruch Brody. "Doubly distributing special obligations: what professional practice can learn from parenting." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 3 (April 28, 2016): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2015-103071.

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A traditional ethic of medicine asserts that physicians have special obligations to individual patients with whom they have a clinical relationship. Contemporary trends in US healthcare financing like bundled payments seem to threaten traditional conceptions of special obligations of individual physicians to individual patients because their population-based focus sets a tone that seems to emphasise responsibilities for groups of patients by groups of physicians in an organisation. Prior to undertaking a cogent debate about the fate and normative weight of special obligations and a traditional ethic for contemporary healthcare, we need a deeper examination of what the traditional ethic of special obligations really means. Here we offer a conception of ‘doubly distributed’ special obligations. Physicians and similarly minded healing professionals abiding by a traditional ethic have always spread their devotion and attention across multiple patients and have shared responsibilities with physician and non-physician colleagues in much the same way devoted parents have frequently distributed their special obligations across multiple children and across multiple parents. By taking up the extended analogy of parent we argue that doubly distributing special obligations need not contradict the possibility of special obligations in restructured collective forms of healthcare delivery and financing.
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Huth, Christopher. "Back to traditional stadium names." Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 8, no. 3 (July 9, 2018): 214–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-05-2017-0027.

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Purpose Despite the growing number of corporate-sponsored sport facilities, public resistance to naming rights sometimes arises. In line with other supporter-based financial instruments such as fan bonds or shares, the possibility arises that a sport club’s supporters could invest in the stadium naming rights to secure a traditional name, possibly by initiating a crowdfunding project. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the factors separating potential capital providers from non-participants and to determine which factors influence the investment decision. Design/methodology/approach The authors used an online questionnaire to evaluate respondents’ willingness to participate in a crowdfunding project. The data were analyzed by logit and probit regressions. The link was posted to selected online fan forums as well as to clubs’ fan group caretakers in Germany. In total, 708 respondents fully completed the questionnaires. Additionally, the authors provided the initial results of a proposal for a hypothetical reward-based crowdfunding project that was also part of the questionnaire. Findings The findings indicate that the most involved participants who support traditional values in sports are the most willing to participate in a crowdfunding project. Thus, crowdfunding can actually be seen as a supporter-based instrument that is an alternative to existing sport facility naming rights models. However, the analysis also indicates that the sums that can be generated through crowdfunding are limited. Originality/value Insight into a relatively new financial instrument is provided, and an alternative approach to sport facility naming rights management is offered. Ultimately, a combination of a crowdfunding project with financing by a certain number of sponsors supporting a traditional name is proposed, which may be a possible future solution that sport facility naming rights management groups can pursue.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Traditional way of financing"

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Belás, Daniel. "Porovnání stavu PPP projektů se zahraničím." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227508.

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The diploma thesis „Comparison of situation in the area of PPP project with foreign countries“ is an analysis of the issues connected with realization of projects. Part of diploma thesis is a brief description of problems themselves, their pluses and minuses for which the PPP projects are not widely used and the characteristic of various institutions involved in public private partnership. Part of the work is also a short quetionnaire.
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Hudecek, Jiri. "You fight your way, I fight my way : Wu Wen-Tsun and traditional Chinese mathematics." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/242377.

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This dissertation is about a modern Chinese mathematician’s use of traditional Chinese mathematics. Wu Wen-Tsun (born 1919), a French-trained algebraic topologist, became interested in Chinese mathematical heritage in the Cultural Revolution period (1966-1976). He claimed that his subsequent, internationally acclaimed work on the “mechanisation of mathematics” (computer proofs) was inspired by this historical interest. He thus situated his mathematical success within a nationalist framework of independent modernisation, and has become a government-promoted celebrity since the turn of the millennium. Against the standard ‘national hero’ story told about Wu, I portray his turn to the history of Chinese mathematics as a sophisticated response to political, institutional and ideological pressures on mathematics in post-1949 Maoist China. I integrate a biographical account of Wu’s career with in-depth studies of the content and influence of his mathematical work to show the fluctuations of his fortunes since his return to China in 1952. Wu as an individual shared the fate of the Institute of Mathematics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he worked between 1952 and 1977. I argue that Wu’s philosophy of mathematics was shaped by the utilitarianism preached by the Communist Party of China, which caused excesses especially during the Great Leap Forward (1958-1960), but remained a feature of Chinese science policy even afterwards. After the research hiatus of the Cultural Revolution, Wu consciously linked his research to ideology. His parallel mathematical research and history-writing since 1977 have reflected the same philosophy of mathematics and the same concerns about modernisation, national development, and independence. The dissertation uses unpublished archival material from China and first-hand interviews with Wu Wen-Tsun and other Chinese mathematicians. I relate Wu’s mathematical nationalism to theories of cultural nationalism and historicism from the political sciences, and theoretically analyse the contradiction between nationalism and internationalism in modern Chinese mathematics.
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Felix, Unine Alexia Annastasia. "Paving a way to effectively regulate African traditional medicines in South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5481.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
BACKGROUND: Following the historical suppression of traditional medicines in South Africa, the government published their National Health Plan in 1994 which made provision for traditional healing as an integral and recognised part of the health care system, inter alia, to establish a regulatory body for traditional medicines. Traditional medicines were included in the National Drug Policy for South Africa in 1996. A policy on traditional medicine was only drawn up in 2008 and is currently still in draft form. Some progress was made towards regulating traditional health practitioners; but very little towards regulating traditional medicines after its adoption into the National Health Plan over a decade ago. The aim of the study was to investigate how traditional medicines in South Africa can be effectively regulated with specific focus on the current status of traditional medicine regulation in South Africa; to highlight the challenges which have impeded progress towards regulating traditional medicines; and a review of regulatory strategies for traditional medicines in Ghana, India and the People’s Republic of China in an attempt to identify viable solutions to pave an effective way for regulating traditional medicines in South Africa.METHODS: The research design was exploratory and qualitative in nature following a deductive thematic analysis of data collected using a traditional literature review process. RESULTS: The delay in regulating traditional medicines in South Africa is due to a number of challenges where the most prominent is due to a lack in national priority to categorise African traditional medicine and to include it into the country’s national health system. Traditional medicines according to the World Health Organisation can be classified for inclusion into national health systems either as integrative or inclusive. Each of these inclusion strategies were presented by the chosen jurisdictions studied. An integrative health care system such as that used by China was found to be resource intensive in nature. An inclusive health care system as used in Ghana and India did not require traditional medicines as an integral part of the health care system and there were no expectations for the same requirements for regulating traditional medicines and allopathic medicines. What became apparent from the study was that irrespective of the inclusion strategy followed, there are still a number of challenges that obstruct the existence of an effective regulatory framework for traditional medicines with an overwhelming common factor of the instrumental role government play.
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Viard, Antoine. "Production improvement in a traditional small scale company." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-20863.

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Nowadays business atmosphere is to constantly come up with new improvements, in order to become more competitive, or simply stay competitive.Lean manufacturing rose up few decades ago and is now famous for its radical improvements but also for its difficulty to implement. The aim of this study is to get a better understanding of how can Lean bring such important changes, but also what must be done in order to implement it.In order to solve the problem of this report, it was decided to conduct a quantitative research relying on a case study. The company chosen wants to implement Lean but does not really know how to achieve it, so it is a very good opportunity for this project to collaborate with it and see what can be done to implement Lean manufacturing.The results of this thesis demonstrate the need of implementing a philosophy, a way of thinking, rather than different production tools. People must also be prepared for long implementation, which can take between 5 to 10 years. One of the key factors for this implementation is the involvement and empowerment of workers, who will massively contribute to the change process by removing different kind of waste which slow down the processes.
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Paulsson, Gustaf, and Nikals Muhrbeck. "Trade Credits : An alternative way to access finance: leveraging operational financing or a lender of last resort?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-24818.

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This paper addresses issues for Swedish firms associated with the usage of trade credits. With the lack of historical records, young and small firms cannot access finance as older and larger firms and therefore become more dependent upon short term trade credits from their suppliers as a way to financing operational activities. In terms of the trade credits usage among Swedish industrial firms the size and age of a company has direct implications. The age of a company has an inverse relationship with trade credits. Henceforth, it is assumed that, the older the firm, the better access to external financing. In effect, they can take advantage of early discounts terms offered by the customer. Additionally, findings suggest that smaller and younger firms have weaker access to external financing and therefore are more dependent upon their relatively larger suppliers. In essence, smaller and younger firms use more trade credits as a mean of operational financing. The empirical approach measuring trade credits among Swedish industrial firms shed light on aggregated means of trade credit usage in Sweden. This paper suggests a logical rationale behind findings supporting the main theories concerning trade credits. The findings of this paper could serve as a base for further development applying the model in a cross branch sectional fashion, analyzing the differences among branches associated with the less cyclical as well as the cyclical economy respectively.
Trade Credits, Price Discrimination, Asymmetric information, Market Concentration, Financing
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Frank, Alexandra. "“That’s the way I’ve always learned”: The Transmission of Traditional Music in Higher Education." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2381.

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This research examines the establishment of degree programs in traditional music in institutions of higher education. It defines traditional music and discusses the history of traditional and folk music programs at universities and conservatories in the United States, Finland, Scotland, and England. The institutionalization of American traditional music is compared to the institutionalization of jazz music in the United States. This thesis focuses on the Bluegrass, Old- Time, and Country Music Studies program at East Tennessee State University and features original ethnographic interviews with lecturers from the program. Two similar programs in Tennessee and Kentucky are also discussed. Some of the issues that are explored within these programs include standardization, improvisation and imitation, the use of sheet music, and job potential. The purpose of this research is to examine if and how institutionalization affects traditional music.
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Faria, Mary Frances Veloz. "A non-traditional way to manage change : collapsing hierarchy temporarily to allow for collective knowledge work /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Reinert, Antonio Carlos. "O FINANCIAMENTO À EXPORTAÇÃO DE PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS INDUSTRIAIS: O Caso da Athletic Way." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2005. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2117.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:32:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Final Mestrado Antonio Carlos.pdf: 527718 bytes, checksum: d6207c29bbf031d2f06e819094ac80a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-08
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The present study aims to identify whether or not there is a correlation between using financial lines for export by small and medium companies, and its level of competitiveness. The Atletic Way company was analyzed for this study, a medium sized company located in the city of Joinville, state of Santa Catarina. The work began with the construction of the theoretical fundamentation, indispensable to give support to the research, being used the methodology proposed by Ferraz et al. (1997) that sees competitiveness as: the managerial factors, administration, innovation, production and human resources; also the structural factors, market configuration of the industry, regime of incentives; and the sistemics factors, as macroeconomics, political-institutional, infra-structure and international. There are very few research material found in this area, mainly when it aims businesses depending on finance policies to export, and also the difficulties that small and medium Brazilian companies face whenever they need a specific financing to export, which harms this sector in the international market. The study signals the low investment in this sector.
O presente trabalho tem por objetivo geral identificar se há correlação entre a utilização de linhas de financiamento para exportações pelas pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) e o seu nível de competitividade, sendo utilizado como estudo de caso a empresa Athletic Way empresa industrial de médio porte, localizada no município de Joinville/SC. O trabalho se iniciou com a construção da fundamentação teórica, indispensável para dar sustentação à pesquisa, utilizando-se a metodologia proposta por Ferraz et al. (1997), que analisa a competitividade segundo seus fatores determinantes tais como: os fatores empresariais (gestão, inovação, produção e recursos humanos), os fatores estruturais (mercado, configuração da indústria, regime de incentivos) e os fatores sistêmicos (macroeconômicos, políticoinstitucionais, infra estruturais e internacionais). Tal estudo foi motivado pela pouca bibliografia existente na área, principalmente quando se leva em conta o financiamento para empresas vinculadas à exportação e reconhecida dificuldade das pequenas e médias empresas brasileiras em contrair linhas de financiamento específica à exportações, o que vem prejudicando sobremaneira uma maior inserção deste segmento no mercado internacional. O estudo sinaliza pelo baixo investimento nesse setor.
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Al, Muhaimeed Sultan A. "Task-based language teaching vs. traditional way of English language teaching in Saudi intermediate schools| A comparative study." Thesis, Kent State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3618942.

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English language teaching and learning receive considerable attention in Saudi Arabian schools as seen in existing efforts of development. A primary purpose of this study is to participate in these efforts of development through the application of a modern constructivist instructional practice for English language teaching and learning on the intermediate school level. This study, in part, strives to determine whether or not the adoption of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) would be a more effective means of increasing the students' reading comprehension achievement scores when compared to the traditional teaching method of the English language that involves (among other things) prompting and drilling of students. This study also strives to gain issues and insights that accompany the application of TBLT through constant comparison and contrast with those that accompany the traditional teaching method.

This mixed-method study is quasi-experimental that uses a pretest and posttests for collecting quantitative data, and classroom observation and researcher log for collecting qualitative data. The study involved 122 participants divided into treatment and control groups. The treatment group has received ten weeks of English language instruction via the TBLT method while the control group has received ten weeks of English language instruction via the traditional teaching method. The independent variable is the use of TBLT in the classroom and the effect/dependent variable is the students' reading comprehension achievement scores.

A Two-Factor Split Plot analysis with the pretest as the covariate is used for analyzing the quantitative data. Analysis of qualitative data included synthesis, rich, and detailed description for classroom observation and grounded theory for researcher log data. The findings show that teaching via the TBLT method has significantly helped students increase their reading comprehension achievement scores more than that of the traditional teaching method of the English language. The findings also suggest that the TBLT method, as a constructivist practice, is a better way for English language teaching and has involved practices that are desired in a modern educational context when compared to the traditional teaching method of the English language.

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Al, Muhaimeed Sultan A. "Task-Based Language Teaching Vs. Traditional Way of English Language Teaching in Saudi Intermediate Schools: A Comparative Study." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1383257660.

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Books on the topic "Traditional way of financing"

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Khan, Maimul Ahsan. Islamic Financing and Banking : From Traditional Views to Arab Spring: Islamic, banking, traditional financing. Malaysia: Lincoln University College, KL, Malaysia., 2012.

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Lee, Haeng Ung. The way of traditional taekwondo. [Memphis, Tenn.]: American Taekwondo Association, 1993.

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Landman, Annlee. Learning to quilt the traditional way. London: Museum Quilts, 1994.

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Learning to quilt the traditional way. New York: Sterling Pub. Co., 1994.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Honor's Way. New York: New American Library, 1988.

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The stone fiddle: My way to traditional song. 2nd ed. Belfast: Appletree, 1991.

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Larre, Claude. The way of heaven: Neijing suwen chapters 1 and 2. Cambridge, U.K: Monkey Press, 1994.

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Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council Aboriginal Corporation. Ngangkar̲i work - an̲angu way: Traditional healers of central Australia. Alice Springs, N.T., Australia: Ngaanyatjarra Pitjantjatjara Yankunytjatjara Women's Council Aboriginal Corporation, 2003.

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Quest, Penelope. Living the reiki way: Traditional principles for life today. London: Piatkus, 2008.

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Deep church: A third way beyond emerging and traditional. Downers Grove, Ill: IVP Books, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Traditional way of financing"

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Brunnhuber, Stefan. "Beyond the Mantra of Traditional Finance: Significance and Limits of the Conventional Approach." In Financing Our Future, 31–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64826-8_2.

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Harlow, Daniel. "Raising money the traditional way – beg." In Making Movies Without Losing Money, 102–3. London; New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429352157-28.

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Talib, Abdullah Zawawi, Mohd Azam Osman, Kian Lam Tan, and Sirot Piman. "Traditional Shadow Puppet Play – The Virtual Way." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 246–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30214-5_32.

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Roth, Florentine Mariele Sophie, and Ingo Winkler. "Challenging the Traditional Way of Doing Business." In B Corp Entrepreneurs, 1–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90167-1_1.

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Pratap, Kumar V., and Mira Sethi. "Infrastructure Financing in India—Trends, Challenges and Way Forward." In 20 Years of G20, 183–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8106-5_10.

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Mikalsen, Marius, Viktoria Stray, Nils Brede Moe, and Idun Backer. "Shifting Conceptualization of Control in Agile Transformations." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 173–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_18.

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Abstract Agile transformation implies that organizations apply agile methods also outside of software development units. One particular way of doing such transformations is to create cross-functional software development units. This represents new challenges for control for organizations as the unformal agile control mechanisms from the software units meet the more formal, bureaucratic and hierarchical control from other units. The research on how to manage control in agile transformations, however, is scarce. Through a case study of a new, cross-functional unit in a financial institution, we report on their work to implement control in agile transformations. To analyze our results, we draw on new perspectives for control in the digital era, which challenges existing presumptions on control. Our findings indicate how agile transformations require rethinking traditional control mechanisms and experiment with new control perspectives more suitable for the digital era.
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Wiebusch, Monika. "Challenges on the Way to Financing Urban Climate Change Adaptation." In Resilient Cities 2, 421–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4223-9_45.

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Bieger, Isabel, Cristina Carvalho, and Gianni Montagna. "Design Changing a Traditional Product in a Contemporary Way." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 43–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60495-4_5.

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Brick, Ivan E., and Daniel G. Weaver. "A Primer on the Implicit Financing Assumptions of Traditional Capital Budgeting Approaches." In Handbook of Quantitative Finance and Risk Management, 1223–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77117-5_80.

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Smith, Kathleen. "A New Way of Operating: Emerging Challenges for Traditional Practice." In Self-Study of Teaching and Teacher Education Practices, 91–96. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3587-6_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Traditional way of financing"

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Paliashchuk, Volha Uladzimirayna. "Decentralized finance as a challenge for the traditional financial system." In 4th International Conference “Futurity designing. Digital reality problems”. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/future-2021-15.

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Today, financial system and all its services are completely centralized. Banks, exchanges, insurance companies and other financial institutions have someone in charge that controls these services. This centralized financial system, or CeFi, has its own risks. What if we decentralized the financial system in the same way that Bitcoin decentralized money?
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Edmondson, A. R., and B. Twomey. "Systems Engineering – The Hard Way." In 14th International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition. IMarEST, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/issn.2515-818x.2018.009.

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Ship designers, builders, owners, insurers and class societies are becoming ever more aware of the complex interactions of the various systems found on all types of marine vessels. Therefore a design process that acknowledges these demands and assesses the risks posed, and manages them becomes ever more important. This paper seeks to explore some of the, sometimes apparently, conflicting requirements that are placed on designs of new marine platforms and looks at methods that enable these elements to be expressed, understood and managed in the context of an integrated ship design. The demands placed on new vessels include a range of requirements that move away from being solely based around the traditional functional requirements; including the ideas of designing for ease of shipbuilders, operators and maintainers; and now acknowledging the need of a through life safety case, cyber security case, and full obsolescence planning. This becomes ever more complex when consideration is given to how these through life elements are practically managed, with a range of methods, none of which are without their own challenges. It is important to note as these demands are discussed that often a ‘solution’ in the truest sense does not exist and the management of risk becomes a balance between the expected risk, the practicable solution, along with the potential compromises to both programmes and cost. While these demands place huge constraints and drive complexity into design processes, the issues can, and regularly have, been further exacerbated when some of these, or other requirements, are introduced into the design or build phases of projects. Introduction of design drivers should not be undertaken lightly or without expected, and accepted, increases in required resources, both financial and calendrical.
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Мусаев, Л. А., and М. Х. Газалапова. "METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS OF STATE REGULATION OF FINANCE." In «АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ НАУКИ: ТЕОРИЯ, ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ, МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ И ПРАКТИКА». Международная научно-практическая онлайн-конференция, приуроченная к 60-ти летию член-корреспондента Академии наук ЧР, доктора технических наук, профессора Сайд-Альви Юсуповича Муртазаева. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34708/gstou.conf..2021.23.96.047.

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При помощи финансов государство может осуществлять не только регулирование воспроизводственного процесса как в производимой хозяйствующими субъектами продукции, но также осуществлять обеспечение финансирования потребностей расширенного воспроизводства. В связи с чем, одной из главных целей государственного регулирования финансов предприятий является насколько эффективно происходит их распределение и перераспределение. В данной статье рассматриваются методы и формы финансового регулирования, а также применяемые инструменты такого регулирования. Но, как показала практика, традиционные методы и инструменты финансового регулирования не способны коренным образом изменить ситуацию с финансами организаций, которые нуждаются в помощи от государства. Однако возможности последнего ограничены, необходим поиск новых способов финансовой поддержки хозяйствующих субъектов. В качестве способа увеличения прибыли хозяйствующих субъектов предлагается сокращение дополнительных звеньев в создании цепочки добавленной стоимости на энергоносители, что должно привести к снижению цены на них. With the help of finance, the state can not only regulate the reproduction process as in the products produced by economic entities, but also provide financing for the needs of expanded reproduction. In this connection, one of the main goals of state regulation of enterprise finances is how effectively they are distributed and redistributed. This article examines the methods and forms of financial regulation, as well as the applied instruments of such regulation. But, as practice has shown, traditional methods and instruments of financial regulation are not able to radically change the situation with the finances of organizations that need assistance from the state. However, the possibilities of the latter are limited, it is necessary to search for new ways of financial support for business entities. As a way to increase the profits of business entities, it is proposed to reduce additional links in the creation of a chain of added value for energy carriers, which should lead to a decrease in their prices.
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Mihokova, Lucia. "DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS: A WAY OF PUBLIC DEBT FINANCING?" In 4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2017/13/s03.029.

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Rydberg Forssbeck, Lahja, Mats Karlsson, and Birger Höök. "Congestion taxes: a way of financing new infrastructure." In IABSE Symposium, Weimar 2007: Improving Infrastructure Worldwide. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137807796119564.

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Zimmerman, Rae. "Financing Sustainable Infrastructure: Reconciling Disaster and Traditional Financial Resources." In International Conference on Sustainable Infrastructure 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784481202.017.

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Liljas, P. "Speed and positioning systems: the traditional way." In Where are we Going? (and how Fast!) IEE Seminar Exploring Speed and Positioning Systems for the Transport Sector. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19971376.

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Pattantyus, Imre Andrew. "A Roadmap to Successful Implementation of Modular Manufacturing Equipment." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-60051.

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The challenges of implementing modular systems go beyond basic economic models and overcoming technical hurdles. Industry personnel are “tooled” for traditional equipment; it’s what people are trained to support and there is a huge installed base. That kind of inertia is hard to overcome. Change must begin at the top. Executives and financial managers must first rethink the way they measure the effectiveness of their capital investments. They must then create a new environment for justification and implementation that does not exclude modular systems. Both the organization structure and the supportive systems must be “retooled” to properly support the modular system and assure success. Efficient modular systems will not emerge quickly or naturally from the research lab or the plant floor. Cooperation and teamwork, supported by the necessary management and measurement systems, will be needed to produce the best result. After the initial deployment, much work still remains to produce the manufacturing system that has the necessary refinements to be truly effective. Management must not only commit to and support the modular initiative, but must insist on success every step of the way.
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Shan, Wu. "An alternative way of financing: Private capital lending in Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province." In 2012 International Symposium on Management of Technology (ISMOT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismot.2012.6679477.

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Grigorescu, Ines, Elena-Ana Popovici, Monica Dumitrașcu, Bianca Mitrică, Mihaela Sima, and Nicoleta Damian. "SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENEGES IN METROPOLITAN FARMING: FROM MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY TO ORGANIC. A SHOWCASE OF BUCHAREST METROPOLITAN AREA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b2/v2/14.

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The continuous population growth and built-up areas expansion requires an increasing urban demand for goods and services and a high pressure on land resources. As a result, farming adaptation around cities in a multifunctional way is a must in their effort to reach resilience, sustainability and food security. In Romania, agriculture in metropolitan areas is still dominated by small family households owned by undertrained aged people, practicing subsistence agriculture, most of them with little financial resources. Thus, the paper aims to identify and analyze the ways multi-functionality can contribute to sustainable farming by addressing some of the key sustainability solutions in southern Romania (i.e. Bucharest Metropolitan Area) – a region characterized by extended and fertile agricultural land resources, significantly transformed during the post-communist period through land abandonment and fragmentation, but also by land concentration and grabbing to the detriment of traditional farming. By combining quantitative (spatial and statistical analyses) and qualitative (questionnaires & interviews to key actors) approaches, the authors pinpointed critical issues of metropolitan farming (e.g. type of agricultural activities, agro-support services, urban pressures, market access, networking, survival strategies) to support sustainability.
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Reports on the topic "Traditional way of financing"

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Chandra, Shailesh, Timothy Thai, Vivek Mishra, and Princeton Wong. Evaluating Innovative Financing Mechanisms for the California High-Speed Rail Project. Mineta Transportation Institute, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2047.

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Millions of dollars are involved in high-speed rail (HSR) infrastructure construction and maintenance. Large-scale projects like HSR require funding from a variety of avenues beyond those available through public monies. Although HSR serves the general public’s mobility needs, any funds (whether State or Federal) flowing from the public exchequer usually undergo strict review and scrutiny. Funds from public agencies are always limited, making such traditional financing mechanisms unsustainable for fulfilling HSR’s long-term operational and maintenance cost needs—on top of initial costs involved in construction. Therefore, any sustainable means of financing HSR projects would always be welcome. This research presents an alternate revenue generation mechanism that could be sustainable for financing HSR’s construction, operation, and maintenance. The methodology involves determining key HSR stations, which, after development and improvement, could significantly add value to businesses and real estate growth. Any form of real estate taxes levied on properties surrounding such stations could substantially support the HSR project’s funding needs. In this research, a bi-objective optimization problem is posed in conjunction with a Pareto-optimal front framework to identify those key stations. With 28 California HSR stations used as an example, it was observed that the four proposed HSR stations in Fullerton, Millbrae-SFO, San Francisco Transbay Terminal, and San Diego would be excellent candidates for development. Their development could increase the economic vitality of surrounding businesses. The findings could serve as valuable information for California HSR authorities to focus on developing key stations that would generate an alternate funding source for an HSR project facing funding challenges.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Aisling Reidy, Kassim Nishtar, Sara Darehschori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2021/1.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for national economies, livelihoods, and public services, including health systems. In January 2021, the World Health Organization proposed an international treaty on pandemics to strengthen the political commitment towards global pandemic preparedness, control, and response. The plan is to present a draft treaty to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. To inform the design of a support system for this treaty, we explored existing mechanisms for periodic reviews conducted either by peers or an external group as well as mechanisms for in-country investigations, conducted with or without country consent. Based on our review, we summarized key design principles requisite for review and investigation mechanisms and explain how these could be applied to pandemics preparedness, control, and response in global health. While there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right, there is potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms. A Universal Periodic Review design based on the model of human rights treaties with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body, if made obligatory, could support compliance with a new pandemic treaty. In terms of on-site investigations, the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture could lend itself to treaty monitoring and outbreak investigations on short notice or unannounced. These mechanisms need to be put in place in accordance with several core interlinked design principles: compliance; accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. The World Health Organization can incentivize and complement these efforts. It has an essential role in providing countries with technical support and tools to strengthen emergency preparedness and response capacities, including technical support for creating surveillance structures, integrating non-traditional data sources, creating data governance and data sharing standards, and conducting regular monitoring and assessment of preparedness and response capacities.
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Chandrasekhar, C. P. The Long Search for Stability: Financial Cooperation to Address Global Risks in the East Asian Region. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp153.

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Forced by the 1997 Southeast Asian crisis to recognize the external vulnerabilities that openness to volatile capital flows result in and upset over the post-crisis policy responses imposed by the IMF, countries in the sub-region saw the need for a regional financial safety net that can pre-empt or mitigate future crises. At the outset, the aim of the initiative, then led by Japan, was to create a facility or design a mechanism that was independent of the United States and the IMF, since the former was less concerned with vulnerabilities in Asia than it was in Latin America and that the latter’s recommendations proved damaging for countries in the region. But US opposition and inherited geopolitical tensions in the region blocked Japan’s initial proposal to establish an Asian Monetary Fund, a kind of regional IMF. As an alternative, the ASEAN+3 grouping (ASEAN members plus China, Japan and South Korea) opted for more flexible arrangements, at the core of which was a network of multilateral and bilateral central bank swap agreements. While central bank swap agreements have played a role in crisis management, the effort to make them the central instruments of a cooperatively established regional safety net, the Chiang Mai Initiative, failed. During the crises of 2008 and 2020 countries covered by the Initiative chose not to rely on the facility, preferring to turn to multilateral institutions such as the ADB, World Bank and IMF or enter into bilateral agreements within and outside the region for assistance. The fundamental problem was that because of an effort to appease the US and the IMF and the use of the IMF as a foil against the dominance of a regional power like Japan, the regional arrangement was not a real alternative to traditional sources of balance of payments support. In particular, access to significant financial assistance under the arrangement required a country to be supported first by an IMF program and be subject to the IMF’s conditions and surveillance. The failure of the multilateral effort meant that a specifically Asian safety net independent of the US and the IMF had to be one constructed by a regional power involving support for a network of bilateral agreements. Japan was the first regional power to seek to build such a network through it post-1997 Miyazawa Initiative. But its own complex relationship with the US meant that its intervention could not be sustained, more so because of the crisis that engulfed Japan in 1990. But the prospect of regional independence in crisis resolution has revived with the rise of China as a regional and global power. This time both economics and China’s independence from the US seem to improve prospects of successful regional cooperation to address financial vulnerability. A history of tensions between China and its neighbours and the fear of Chinese dominance may yet lead to one more failure. But, as of now, the Belt and Road Initiative, China’s support for a large number of bilateral swap arrangements and its participation in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership seem to suggest that Asian countries may finally come into their own.
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Katz, Sabrina, Miguel Algarin, and Emanuel Hernandez. Structuring for Exit: New Approaches for Private Capital in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003074.

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Structured financing solutions encompass a range of investment approaches that provide liquidity to investors without the need for a traditional equity exit event, such as a strategic sale, sale to another financial investor, or public market listing. Structuring mechanisms across the debt-to-equity spectrum determine the exit terms of the deal, therefore providing considerable downside protection to investors. Structured financing solutions are an incipient but increasingly important set of tools for investors active in Latin America to address the financing gap for companies that lack access to bank financing and are not attractive targets for traditional PE and VC players. Many investors employing these strategies are in an experimental phase, reporting new lessons learned with each deal completed. Impact investors have been among the top drivers of these structuring innovations, as they have grappled with the additional limitations associated with the straight equity model for environmental or social enterprises. However, the use of structured financing is by no means restricted to the impact investing space. Fund managers have invested USD4b in private credit deals in Latin America since 2018, more than the previous ten years combined. PE and VC investors have also increasingly employed quasi-equity and debt instruments. ACON Investments, for example, has employed mezzanine structures in several deals from its latest funds. Brazil-focused venture capital firm SP Ventures has recently begun investing from its debut venture debt fund. Growing experimentation by fund managers demonstrates the opportunity for investors across ticket sizes, strategies, and the impact-to-commercial spectrum. The structures discussed and the case studies highlighted in this report contain some of the major lessons applicable to a wide group of private capital investors in Latin America targeting certain and timely exits with consistent returns.
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Robert, J., and Michael Forte. Field evaluation of GNSS/GPS based RTK, RTN, and RTX correction systems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41864.

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This Coastal and Hydraulic Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) details an evaluation of three Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) real-time correction methods capable of providing centimeter-level positioning. Internet and satellite-delivered correction systems, Real Time Network (RTN) and Real Time eXtended (RTX), respectively, are compared to a traditional ground-based two-way radio transmission correction system, generally referred to as Local RTK, or simply RTK. Results from this study will provide prospective users background information on each of these positioning systems and comparisons of their respective accuracies during in field operations.
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Saavedra, José Jorge, and Gerard Alleng. Sustainable Islands: Defining a Sustainable Development Framework Tailored to the Needs of Islands. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002902.

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Like other Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Caribbean island economies have intrinsic characteristics that make them vulnerable to external shocks. The recent pandemic highlights the structural problems of small island economies. Due to their remote location and small size, islands lack economies of scale and rely on global supply chains, which are currently disrupted. Islands depend either on service-based economic activities like tourism, which are being affected during the current crisis, or on a single commodity, which makes them extremely vulnerable. Islands must rethink their approach to development, adopting one of sustainable development. The Sustainable Islands Platform aims to create a new approach that targets the needs of Caribbean islands and prescribes circular economy-inspired interventions in key areas such as sanitation, waste management, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, energy, transportation, and health. Traditional approaches have not proven successful in solving developing problems on SIDS. Therefore, a new concept that considers islands in a new way should be considered.
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Orning, Tanja. Professional identities in progress – developing personal artistic trajectories. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.544616.

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We have seen drastic changes in the music profession during the last 20 years, and consequently an increase of new professional opportunities, roles and identities. We can see elements of a collective identity in classically trained musicians who from childhood have been introduced to centuries old, institutionalized traditions around the performers’ role and the work-concept. Respect for the composer and his work can lead to a fear of failure and a perfectionist value system that permeates the classical music. We have to question whether music education has become a ready-made prototype of certain trajectories, with a predictable outcome represented by more or less generic types of musicians who interchangeably are able play the same, limited canonized repertoire, in more or less the same way. Where is the resistance and obstacles, the detours and the unique and fearless individual choices? It is a paradox that within the traditional master-student model, the student is told how to think, play and relate to established truths, while a sustainable musical career is based upon questioning the very same things. A fundamental principle of an independent musical career is to develop a capacity for critical reflection and a healthy opposition towards uncontested truths. However, the unison demands for modernization of institutions and their role cannot be solved with a quick fix, we must look at who we are and who we have been to look at who we can become. Central here is the question of how the music students perceive their own identity and role. To make the leap from a traditional instrumentalist role to an artist /curator role requires commitment in an entirely different way. In this article, I will examine question of identity - how identity may be constituted through musical and educational experiences. The article will discuss why identity work is a key area in the development of a sustainable music career and it will investigate how we can approach this and suggest some possible ways in this work. We shall see how identity work can be about unfolding possible future selves (Marcus & Nurius, 1986), develop and evolve one’s own personal journey and narrative. Central is how identity develops linguistically by seeing other possibilities: "identity is formed out of the discourses - in the broadest sense - that are available to us ..." (Ruud, 2013). The question is: How can higher music education (HME) facilitate students in their identity work in the process of constructing their professional identities? I draw on my own experience as a classically educated musician in the discussion.
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Siebert, Rudolf J., and Michael R. Ott. Catholicism and the Frankfurt School. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4301.

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The paper traces the development from the medieval, traditional union, through the modern disunion, toward a possible post-modern reunion of the sacred and the profane. It concentrates on the modern disunion and conflict between the religious and the secular, revelation and enlightenment, faith and autonomous reason in the Western world and beyond. It deals specifically with Christianity and the modern age, particularly liberalism, socialism and fascism of the 2Oth and the 21st centuries. The problematic inclination of Western Catholicism toward fascism, motivated by the fear of and hate against socialism and communism in the 20th century, and toward exclusive, authoritarian, and totalitarian populism and identitarianism in the 21st. century, is analyzed, compared and critiqued. Solutions to the problem are suggested on the basis of the Critical Theory of Religion and Society, derived from the Critical Theory of Society of the Frankfurt School. The critical theory and praxis should help to reconcile the culture wars which are continually produced by the modern antagonism between the religious and the secular, and to prepare the way toward post-modern, alternative Future III - the freedom of All on the basis of the collective appropriation of collective surplus value. Distribution and recognition problems are equally taken seriously.
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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez, Marcia Macedo, Žiga Malek, Peter H. Verburg, Sean Goodwin, Renato Vargas, et al. An Amazon Tipping Point: The Economic and Environmental Fallout. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003385.

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The Amazon biome, despite its resilience, is being pushed by unsustainable economic drivers towards an ecological tipping point where restoration to its previous state may no longer possible. This is the result of self-reinforcing interactions between deforestation, climate change and fire. In this paper, we develop scenarios that represent movement towards an Amazon tipping point and strategies to avert one. We assess the economic, natural capital and ecosystem services impacts of these scenarios using the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform linked with high resolution spatial land use land cover change and ecosystem services modeling (IEEMESM). This papers main contributions are developing: (i) a framework for evaluating strategies to avert an Amazon tipping point based on their relative costs, benefits and trade-offs, and; (ii) a first approximation of the economic, natural capital and ecosystem services impacts of movement towards an Amazon tipping point, and evidence to build the economic case for strategies to avert it. We find that a conservative estimate of the cumulative regional cost through 2050 of an Amazon tipping point would be US$256.6 billion in Gross Domestic Product. Policies that would contribute to averting a tipping point, including strongly reducing deforestation, investing in climate-adapted agriculture, and improving fire management, would generate approximately US$339.3 billion in additional wealth. From a public investment perspective, the returns to implementing strategies for averting a tipping point would be US$29.5 billion. Quantifying the costs, benefits and trade-offs of policies to avert a tipping point in a transparent and replicable manner can pave the way for evidence-based approaches to support policy action focusing on the design of regional strategies for the Amazon biome and catalyze global cooperation and financing to enable their implementation.
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Roye, Thorsten. Unsettled Technology Areas in Deterministic Assembly Approaches for Industry 4.0. SAE International, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021018.

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Increased production rates and cost reduction are affecting manufacturing in all sectors of the mobility industry. One enabling methodology that could achieve these goals in the burgeoning “Industry 4.0” environment is the deterministic assembly (DA) approach. The DA approach is defined as an optimized assembly process; it always forms the same final structure and has a strong link to design-for-assembly and design-for-automation methodologies. It also looks at the whole supply chain, enabling drastic savings at the original equipment manufacturer (OEM) level by reducing recurring costs and lead time. Within Industry 4.0, DA will be required mainly for the aerospace and the space industry, but serves as an interesting approach for other industries assembling large and/or complex components. In its entirety, the DA approach connects an entire supply chain—from part manufacturing at an elementary level to an OEM’s final assembly line level. Addressing the whole process of aircraft design and manufacturing is necessary to develop further collaboration models between OEMs and the supply chain, including addressing the most pressing technology challenges. Since all parts aggregate at the OEM level, the OEM—as an integrator of all these single parts—needs special end-to-end methodologies to drastically decrease cost and lead time. This holistic approach can be considered in part design as well (in the design-for-automation and design-for-assembly philosophy). This allows for quicker assembly at the OEM level, such as “part-to-part” or “hole-to-hole” approaches, versus traditional, classical assembly methods like manual measurement or measurement-assisted assembly. In addition, it can increase flexibility regarding rate changes in production (such as those due to pandemic- or climate-related environmental challenges). The standardization and harmonization of these areas would help all industries and designers to have a deterministic approach with an end-to-end concept. Simulations can easily compare possible production and assembly steps with different impacts on local and global tolerances. Global measurement feedback needs high-accuracy turnkey solutions, which are very costly and inflexible. The goal of standardization would be to use Industry 4.0 feedback and features, as well as to define several building blocks of the DA approach as a one-way assembly (also known as one-up assembly, or “OUA”), false one-way assembly, “Jig-as-Master,” etc., up to the hole-to-hole assembly approach. The evolution of these assembly principles and the link to simulation approaches are undefined and unsolved domains; they are discussed in this report. They must be discussed in greater depth with aims of (first) clarifying the scope of the industry-wide alignment needs and (second) prioritizing the issues requiring standardization. NOTE: SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are intended to identify and illuminate key issues in emerging, but still unsettled, technologies of interest to the mobility industry. The goal of SAE EDGE™ Research Reports is to stimulate discussion and work in the hope of promoting and speeding resolution of identified issues. SAE EDGE™ Research Reports are not intended to resolve the challenges they identify or close any topic to further scrutiny.
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