Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traffic accident rate'

The growing population and motorization generate more movements. In many cities, the increase of population and motorization is much greater than the development of the capacity of the transportation network. For unprotected road users, the risk of getting in a traffic accident increases and the risk of being more severely injured in an accident. In March 2020, a pandemic was declared because of a Coronavirus. More people started to work/study from home to prevent the virus from spreading by avoiding unnecessary trips, gatherings, and crowded areas. Therefore, travel behaviours have shifted during the pandemic compared to previous years. This project aims to get knowledge of how mobility and traffic accidents are affected by significant shifts of travel flow, predict the effect of traffic accidents based on mobility, and evaluate the risk of travelling on a particular road segment.

Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

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Objetivo: analisar o perfil sócio-demográfico dos óbitos por Acidentes de Trânsito (AT) de residentes no Município de Lanús (Província de Buenos Aires, Argentina) entre os anos 1998 e 2004. Material e Método: se realizou um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, utilizando dados oficiais de mortalidade da Argentina. Foram estudados os óbitos por AT segundo residência e ocorrência, codificados pela CID-10. As variáveis analisadas foram idade, sexo, nível educativo e condição de atividade. Foram utilizados dados econômicos para avaliar e comparar Lanús com os outros Municípios do Gran Buenos Aires, em termos dos coeficientes de mortalidade por AT. Foram realizadas análises uni e bivariadas, e calculada a Mortalidade Proporcional (MP) e a Razão de Mortalidade Proporcional (RMP). Realizou-se georreferenciamento dos óbitos segundo local de residência e de ocorrência da morte para avaliar a distribuição geográfica. Resultados: O perfil epidemiológico é composto principalmente por homens entre 20 e 29 anos, indivíduos com nível educativo primário completo (ou secundário incompleto) e que trabalhavam. Mais da metade deles era ocupante de veículo. O risco dos homens foi quase 3,5 vezes maior que as mulheres e, entre eles, os mais idosos apresentam as maiores incidências. Os analfabetos ou aqueles com formação primária incompleta possuem risco baixo, quase igual as das pessoas com nível educativo superior. A MP em Lanús é menor quando comparada com os Municípios do Gran Buenos Aires. Lanús aparece junto aos municípios que apresentam alta atividade comercial e menores taxas de óbitos. A respeito da georreferência, os achados mostram que os AT atingem mais a população que mora em locais com piores condições socioeconômicas. Conclusões: O município de Lanús apresenta um perfil de mortalidade por AT semelhante ao dos países desenvolvidos. A combinação de técnicas se apresenta como uma alternativa interessante para trabalhar com dados secundários, em pequenas áreas e com números pequenos. Esta pesquisa fornece aportes para a intervenção sobre os problemas ligados aos AT no nível individual e local. Destaca-se a necessidade de contar com estudos mais abrangentes, abordando o problema desde outros enfoques metodológicos.
Salvador

Magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama ES ir NVS kelių eismo saugumo politika, sprendžiant kelių eismo įvykių ir “juodųjų dėmių” problemas. Pasirinkti Lietuvos ir Rusijos atvejai. Pirmoje dalyje aptarta avaringumo problema šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje, pateikti statistiniai duomenys apie kelių eismo įvykiuose žuvusių žmonių skaičių ES ir NVS valstybėse, aptartos prevencinės priemonės, nurodytos kelių eismo įvykių ir „juodųjų dėmių“ atsiradimo priežastys Lietuvos ir Rusijos keliuose, pateiktos „juodųjų dėmių“ sąvokos bei jų nustatymo metodikos. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjami ES kelių transporto ir eismo saugumo reguliavimo teisiniai aspektai, nagrinėjami Lietuvos ir Rusijos svarbiausi kelių eismo saugumą reguliuojantys teisės aktai, analizuojama institucijų veikla bei finansavimas.
The master’s thesis covers the road safety policy of the EU and the CIS countries in solving the problems of road traffic accidents and “accident black spots”. The Lithuanian and Russian cases have been selected. Part One covers the discussion of the accident rate problem in a modern world, presentation of statistical data on the number of people, who died during the road traffic accidents in the EU and the CIS states, discussion of preventive measures, indication of the causes of road traffic accidents and “accident black spots” on Lithuanian and Russian roads, presentation of “accident black spots” terms as well as their identification methods. Part Two covers the analysis of legal aspects of the EU road transport and road safety regulation, fundamental legal acts governing traffic safety of Lithuania and Russia, as well as activities and financing of institutions.

The aim of the thesis is to research the methodological approaches used for reducing traffic accidents. One part of the methods is focused on methods of evaluating traffic accident rate on roads in terms of macro-analysis. Another group of methods for the prediction of traffic accidents. Subsequently, in the practical part the methodology is applied on two selected sections of roads and the resulting values are then compared with the actual dates that can explanatory power of these methods. Another part relates to the economic evaluation of road accidents on selected sections of roads and applications of integral indicators.

Abstract The main theme of this thesis is to discuss the specific conditions of motorcycles participation in traffic. Primarily the author of the processing of statistical data relating to road traffic accidents found the most frequent causes leading to the accident of motorcycles, set out a list of typical hazardous situations and provide an opportunity to prevent them, respectively propose the concrete steps for their reduction, while visual processing is done using by the Virtual CRASH software. Secondarily, it is then processed an overview by modern elements of active and passive safety of motorcycles and their effect on the reduction of traffic accidents, or reduce health risks as the consequences of road traffic accidents. Statistical data are then confronted with the subjective perception of participation in traffic, concretely with motorcycle riders. Their opinions are interpreted by the most frequent responses from the questionnaires, the results are included in the last part of this thesis. The objective of this work is in the comparison of both perspectives - statistical data and the opinions of motorcyclists - about the traffic situation in the Czech Republic. The result of this work is the more realistic view on the issue.

This thesis deals with the solution of the crossroads of the 1st Máje and Palackého in Moravské Budějovice. Part of the work is security inspection, calculation of uncontrolled intersection capacity, traffic survey. The findings are applied to possible solutions of crossing of the 1st Máje and Palackého in Moravské Budějovice.

This diploma thesis presents safety inspection in selected localities in the Moravian-Silesian Region. Ten sections and ten intersections from rural area were selected for an accident rate analysis at first. These locations were compared on the basis of accident rate analysis and accident indicators. After that, were selected three sections and three intersections for a safety inspection. The safety inspection included a visual inspection and risk identification. For all identified risks were proposed a possible solutions.

La variabilité du rythme cardiaque " Heart Rate Variability (HRV) " consiste en des fluctuations perpétuelles du rythme cardiaque autour de sa fréquence moyenne. L'analyse de l'HRV constitue un biomarqueur du fonctionnement du système nerveux autonome (SNA), par l'intermédiaire de ses effets sur le cœur. De nombreuses études ont montré qu'une diminution de l'HRV est associée à un pronostic péjoratif, notamment dans le post infarctus et dans l'insuffisance cardiaque (IC). Nous nous sommes proposés d'élargir le champ d'investigation de l'HRV à de nouveaux domaines d'application, qu'il s'agisse de pathologies cardiaque ou extra cardiaque. Nous avons ciblé des contextes pathologiques dans lesquels le SNA joue un rôle important : 1-Accidents sur la Voie Publique (AVP) et le risque de développement d'un syndrome de stress post traumatique (PTSD). 2-Effet de la douleur et de l'analgésie péridurale sur l'HRV maternelle au cours de l'accouchement. 3-Lien avec les polymorphismes génétique des récepteurs bêta adrénergiques (β;-AR) chez des patients présentant une dysfonction ventriculaire gauche et implanté d'un défibrillateur automatique implantable (DAI) en prévention secondaire. L'analyse temporelle de l'HRV sur 24 heures est un facteur prédictif de survenue d'un PTSD et aussi de sa sévérité chez les victimes d'AVP. L'indice de variabilité est le meilleur paramètre prédictif de PTSD à 6 mois, avec une aire sous la courbe de 0.92 (IC 95% : 0.785; 1.046). Le seuil de 2.19% confère une sensibilité de 85,7 £ et une spécificité e 81.8 % pour prédire la survenue d'un PTSD. les valeurs prédictives positives et négatives sont de 75 % et 90 % respectivement. L'ANI, reflétant l'influence de la ventilation sur le rythme cardiaque, permet une mesure objective de la douleur chez les parturientes. Enfin, les patients ayant subi les substitutions Arg (pour Gly) en 16 et Gln (pour Glu) en 27 pour les récepteurs β2-AR, présentent une HRV plus faible que les patients ayant la forme sauvage du gène.

What if the emergency response directly knew exactly where to go and what to do if a road accident occured? During the last ten years the number of motorcyclists in Sweden has doubled. Every year, more than 300 riders are seriously injured and over 40 die in road accidents. Being found in time is critical to increase the chance of survival. The goal of this project is to use design methods to find a solution that enables a fast and adequate emergency response for motorcyclists and other unprotected road users.
Vad hade hänt om akutsjukvårdare direkt kände till var en olycka inträffat och vilken vårdinsats som behövdes? Under de senaste tio åren har antalet motorcyklister i Sverige fördubblats. Varje år skadas över 300 förare allvarligt, och över 40 omkommer i trafikolyckor. Att bli hittad i tid är kritiskt för att öka chansen för överlevnad. Målet med det här projektet är att med designmetoder hitta ett sätt att möjliggöra en snabb och adekvat räddningsinsats för motorcyklister och andra oskyddade motortrafikanter.

Traffic accidents which damage the safety of human beings are one of the most important problems due to their material losses and effects to human health. Although continuous improvements are made by the governments
losses of traffic accidents are still a significant issue all over the world. The usual studies realized so far are generally related with the accident prevention models. However, there has not been much research done concerning the situation after the traffic accidents happen. After occurrence of traffic accidents, determination of fault rates for each party involved in the accident is urgently important. The aim of this study is to develop an expert system that uses the knowledge of experts for determination of fault rates in traffic accidents. For this purpose, a detailed literature survey was performed to define the determinants influencing the fault rates of each party. In addition, required data, that is, expert-witness reports were taken from academicians. Classification of these data was done and critical factors affecting fault rates were determined. In light of the defined factors, flowcharts were developed for each type of traffic accident. Moreover questionnaire submitted to experts, was prepared to acquire knowledge of experts. The critical factors affecting fault rates were assessed with a quantitative way in questionnaire. The proposed Traffic Accident Expert System (TAES) is on the basis of the knowledge of experts. Quantification of fault rates can change from one expert to another. An expert system such as the one this thesis will propose will prevent these contradictions. In addition, the expert system quantifies fault rates faster and more consistent as well.

La variabilité du rythme cardiaque « Heart Rate Variability (HRV) » consiste en des fluctuations perpétuelles du rythme cardiaque autour de sa fréquence moyenne. L’analyse de l’HRV constitue un biomarqueur du fonctionnement du système nerveux autonome (SNA), par l’intermédiaire de ses effets sur le cœur. De nombreuses études ont montré qu’une diminution de l’HRV est associée à un pronostic péjoratif, notamment dans le post infarctus et dans l’insuffisance cardiaque (IC). Nous nous sommes proposés d’élargir le champ d’investigation de l’HRV à de nouveaux domaines d’application, qu'il s'agisse de pathologies cardiaque ou extra cardiaque. Nous avons ciblé des contextes pathologiques dans lesquels le SNA joue un rôle important : 1-Accidents sur la Voie Publique (AVP) et le risque de développement d’un syndrome de stress post traumatique (PTSD). 2-Effet de la douleur et de l’analgésie péridurale sur l’HRV maternelle au cours de l’accouchement. 3-Lien avec les polymorphismes génétique des récepteurs bêta adrénergiques (β;-AR) chez des patients présentant une dysfonction ventriculaire gauche et implanté d’un défibrillateur automatique implantable (DAI) en prévention secondaire. L'analyse temporelle de l'HRV sur 24 heures est un facteur prédictif de survenue d'un PTSD et aussi de sa sévérité chez les victimes d'AVP. L'indice de variabilité est le meilleur paramètre prédictif de PTSD à 6 mois, avec une aire sous la courbe de 0.92 (IC 95% : 0.785; 1.046). Le seuil de 2.19% confère une sensibilité de 85,7 £ et une spécificité e 81.8 % pour prédire la survenue d'un PTSD. les valeurs prédictives positives et négatives sont de 75 % et 90 % respectivement. L'ANI, reflétant l'influence de la ventilation sur le rythme cardiaque, permet une mesure objective de la douleur chez les parturientes. Enfin, les patients ayant subi les substitutions Arg (pour Gly) en 16 et Gln (pour Glu) en 27 pour les récepteurs β2-AR, présentent une HRV plus faible que les patients ayant la forme sauvage du gène
The heart rate variability (HRV) has arisen as a promising simple and non invasive biomarker of autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, through its effects on the heart. Multiple studies have shown that the decrease in the HRV is associated usually with poor prognosis. We proposed to further investigate the HRV in other domains of clinical application, including cardiac or extra-cardiac pathologies. In particular, the pathological contexts in which the ANS plays an important role :1-Traffic road accident (RTA) and the risk of development of post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) in survivors.2-Effect of pain and of epidural analgesia on maternal HRV during childbirth.3-Genetic polymorphisms of beta adrenergic receptors (β-AR) in patients with left ventricular dysfunction and implanted with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for secondary prevention. At first, our study is the first to show that the temporal analysis of 24-h HRV is not only a predictive factor of the occurrence of PTSD but also its severity among victims of RTA AVP. The variability index was the best predictor of PTSD with the area under the receiver-operating curve for discriminating PTSD at 6 month at 0.92 (95% CI:0.785;1.046). Acut-off at 2.19% yielded a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 81.8% for PTSD. Positive and negative predictive values were respectively 75% and 90%. At next, we showed that the ANI, which reflects the influence of ventilation on heart rate, allows an objective measure of pain in conscious subjects? At last, we found that patients with the substitutions Arg (instead of Gly) at position 16 and Gln (instead of Glu) at position 27 for β2-AR have a lower HRV value than patients with wild type receptor

This thesis presents a safety inspection in selected places in the Vysocina region of the Czech Republic. Six intersections in rural and municipal areas, plus three rural road sections were selected for the inspection and an accident rate analysis. The places selected were compared in terms of the accident rate and one case of each group was then selected for a detailed safety inspection encompassing visual inspection and identification of possible hazards. By eliminating such safety hazards, it is possible to ensure a traffic fluency and to preclude traffic accidents or at least minimize the harm caused by it.

Dissertation describes new methodology of design turbo-roundabouts in Czech Republic. Especially innovative is approach to the design of traffic lanes with regards to standard vehicles and widening of traffic lanes according to their dimensions. Innovative is also approach to road signs, where details of current signs are modified, however, these details are important for drivers’ better understanding while driving through turbo-roundabouts. Dissertation fills legislative, but also technical, blank spot during turbo-roundabouts design and I believe that it will benefit particularly designers of these intersections.

Abstract: Road traffic accidents claim more than 1,500 lives each year in Canada and affect society adversely, so transport authorities must reduce their impact. This is a major concern in Quebec, where the traffic-accident risks increase year by year proportionally to provincial population growth. In reality, the occurrence of traffic crashes is rarely random in space-time; they tend to cluster in specific areas such as intersections, ramps, and work zones. Moreover, weather stands out as an environmental risk factor that affects the crash rate. Therefore, traffic-safety engineers need to accurately identify the location and time of traffic accidents. The occurrence of such accidents actually is determined by some important factors, including traffic volume, weather conditions, and geometric design. This study aimed at identifying hotspot locations based on a historical crash data set and spatiotemporal patterns of traffic accidents with a view to improving road safety. This thesis proposes two new methods for identifying hotspot locations on a road network. The first method could be used to identify and rank hotspot locations in cases in which the value of traffic volume is available, while the second method is useful in cases in which the value of traffic volume is not. These methods were examined with three years of traffic-accident data (2011–2013) in Sherbrooke. The first method proposes a two-step integrated approach for identifying traffic-accident hotspots on a road network. The first step included a spatial-analysis method called network kernel-density estimation. The second step involved a network-screening method using the critical crash rate, which is described in the Highway Safety Manual. Once the traffic-accident density had been estimated using the network kernel-density estimation method, the selected potential hotspot locations were then tested with the critical-crash-rate method. The second method offers an integrated approach to analyzing spatial and temporal (spatiotemporal) patterns of traffic accidents and organizes them according to their level of significance. The spatiotemporal seasonal patterns of traffic accidents were analyzed using the kernel-density estimation; it was then applied as the attribute for a significance test using the local Moran’s I index value. The results of the first method demonstrated that over 90% of hotspot locations in Sherbrooke were located at intersections and in a downtown area with significant conflicts between road users. It also showed that signalized intersections were more dangerous than unsignalized ones; over half (58%) of the hotspot locations were located at four-leg signalized intersections. The results of the second method show that crash patterns varied according to season and during certain time periods. Total seasonal patterns revealed denser trends and patterns during the summer, fall, and winter, then a steady trend and pattern during the spring. Our findings also illustrated that crash patterns that applied accident severity were denser than the results that only involved the observed crash counts. The results clearly show that the proposed methods could assist transport authorities in quickly identifying the most hazardous sites in a road network, prioritizing hotspot locations in a decreasing order more efficiently, and assessing the relationship between traffic accidents and seasons.
Les accidents de la route sont responsables de plus de 1500 décès par année au Canada et ont des effets néfastes sur la société. Aux yeux des autorités en transport, il devient impératif d’en réduire les impacts. Il s’agit d’une préoccupation majeure au Québec depuis que les risques d’accidents augmentent chaque année au rythme de la population. En réalité, les accidents routiers se produisent rarement de façon aléatoire dans l’espace-temps. Ils surviennent généralement à des endroits spécifiques notamment aux intersections, dans les bretelles d’accès, sur les chantiers routiers, etc. De plus, les conditions climatiques associées aux saisons constituent l’un des facteurs environnementaux à risque affectant les taux d’accidents. Par conséquent, il devient impératif pour les ingénieurs en sécurité routière de localiser ces accidents de façon plus précise dans le temps (moment) et dans l’espace (endroit). Cependant, les accidents routiers sont influencés par d’importants facteurs comme le volume de circulation, les conditions climatiques, la géométrie de la route, etc. Le but de cette étude consiste donc à identifier les points chauds au moyen d’un historique des données d’accidents et de leurs répartitions spatiotemporelles en vue d’améliorer la sécurité routière. Cette thèse propose deux nouvelles méthodes permettant d’identifier les points chauds à l’intérieur d’un réseau routier. La première méthode peut être utilisée afin d’identifier et de prioriser les points chauds dans les cas où les données sur le volume de circulation sont disponibles alors que la deuxième méthode est utile dans les cas où ces informations sont absentes. Ces méthodes ont été conçues en utilisant des données d’accidents sur trois ans (2011-2013) survenus à Sherbrooke. La première méthode propose une approche intégrée en deux étapes afin d’identifier les points chauds au sein du réseau routier. La première étape s’appuie sur une méthode d’analyse spatiale connue sous le nom d’estimation par noyau. La deuxième étape repose sur une méthode de balayage du réseau routier en utilisant les taux critiques d’accidents, une démarche éprouvée et décrite dans le manuel de sécurité routière. Lorsque la densité des accidents routiers a été calculée au moyen de l’estimation par noyau, les points chauds potentiels sont ensuite testés à l’aide des taux critiques. La seconde méthode propose une approche intégrée destinée à analyser les distributions spatiales et temporelles des accidents et à les classer selon leur niveau de signification. La répartition des accidents selon les saisons a été analysée à l’aide de l’estimation par noyau, puis ces valeurs ont été assignées comme attributs dans le test de signification de Moran. Les résultats de la première méthode démontrent que plus de 90 % des points chauds à Sherbrooke sont concentrés aux intersections et au centre-ville où les conflits entre les usagers de la route sont élevés. Ils révèlent aussi que les intersections contrôlées sont plus à risque par comparaison aux intersections non contrôlées et que plus de la moitié des points chauds (58 %) sont situés aux intersections à quatre branches (en croix). Les résultats de la deuxième méthode montrent que les distributions d’accidents varient selon les saisons et à certains moments de l’année. Les répartitions saisonnières montrent des tendances à la densification durant l’été, l’automne et l’hiver alors que les distributions sont plus dispersées au cours du printemps. Nos observations indiquent aussi que les répartitions ayant considéré la sévérité des accidents sont plus denses que les résultats ayant recours au simple cumul des accidents. Les résultats démontrent clairement que les méthodes proposées peuvent: premièrement, aider les autorités en transport en identifiant rapidement les sites les plus à risque à l’intérieur du réseau routier; deuxièmement, prioriser les points chauds en ordre décroissant plus efficacement et de manière significative; troisièmement, estimer l’interrelation entre les accidents routiers et les saisons.

Adaptation of existing level crossing of road I/23 and II/602 near Ostrovačice in the South Moravian region is solved in the diploma thesis. The level crossing is a transversal crossroads with four-lane major road, directionally divided. It is place of frequent traffic accidents. The outputs of road traffic survey made for the purpose of the thesis, the evaluation of rate of accidents and the capacity analysis of 5 versions of process layouts of the crossroads with detailed commentary are contents of the thesis. The thesis also includes the section of the drawings resulting from the previous sections. The first layout is a low cost, different road marking and traffic signing are the only changes. The second layout is conversion to the spiral roundabout.

碩士
國立高雄第一科技大學
風險管理與保險系碩士班
106
Road safety has always been an issue of concern to the public. The occurrence of traffic accidents not only causes many personal lives and property damage but also consumes a lot of social resources and costs for the country. If we can reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents, everyone will have a safe and friendly road environment, in addition, it can make this community more stable and beautiful. This study uses the data such as various traffic violation rates, motor vehicle numbers, driver's license numbers, population density, and number of days of rainfall, as well as the A1 accident rate and A2 accident rate in 22 counties and cities in Taiwan from 2015 to 2017. Also, adding a categorical variable to consider the regional differences between municipalities and non-municipalities; it also uses Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis to establish the traffic accident rate models, in order to explore the influence of violation and other factors on these two types of traffic accident rates. The empirical results of this study reveal that: 1. In consideration of all the variables, the A1 accident rate showed the significant positive correlation with the rate of bringing to justice for drunk driving, the rate of speeding violation, the number of motor vehicles, and the A1 accident rate of drunk driving; other violations and other factors have no significant correlation with A1 accident rate. After adding the categorical variable, it shows that the difference between municipalities and non-municipalities has no significant effect on the A1 accident rate. 2. Considering all the variables, the A2 accident rate showed a significant positive correlation with the accident rate of drunk driving, the number of motor vehicles, and the violation rate of running the red light, street racing, and parking; the A2 accident rate showed a significant negative correlation with the car driver’s sex ratio and the middle-aged and older motorcycle driver's license ratio; other violations and other factors have no significant correlation with A2 accident rate. After adding the categorical variable, it shows that the difference between municipalities and non-municipalities has significant effect on the A2 accident rate. Among them, there is a significant positive correlation among the A2 accident rate, the number of motor vehicles, the rate of red-light violation, drunk driving accident, street racing, and illegal parking; the car driver’s sex ratio has a significant negative correlation with the A2 accident rate. The red-light violation rate, the drunk driving accident rate, and the car driver’s sex ratio have a greater impact on the municipalities than non-municipalities.

碩士
明新科技大學
土木工程與環境資源管理系碩士在職專班
107
“Go out happily, come home safely”. The traffic safety is closely linked to everyone’s lives. When traffic accidents happen, it is a trifle for the financial loss but a serious problem for the causalities. Therefore, how to prevent and improve the cause of traffic accidents is an important topic for discussion. The main point of this research is to aim at causes of traffic accidents to improve road traffic environment through each improved traffic engineering way, such as traffic signs, road marking, and traffic signals and so on as well as discuss that by the single and complex traffic engineering improvement, how many benefits to reduce the traffic accident rate. Take Chiayi city as an example. In addition to discussing about personal factors, which possibly are causes of traffic accidents , such as not keeping a safe distance, drunk driving, fatigue driving etc., also talking about how to adopt the traffic engineering as an means to improve the traffic environment and lower the occurrence of traffic accidents, thereby enhancing traffic safety and bring up preventive strategies. The study uses the methods of investigating and collecting information, reviewing literature, investigating the scenes, and interviewing experts and so on to analyze and generalize the common cause of traffic accidents from case studies, respond accordingly to lower traffic accident rate, and investigate and plan forward related improved measures and deeds. The research result shows: the first priority should use and simultaneously implement the improved plans of the complex traffic engineering, like traffic signs, road marketing and traffic signals etc.; the second priority is to adopt the improved plans of traffic signs and road marketing as the first option; while comparing with the complex traffic engineering, the independent traffic signals are the last option. Hope the competent authorities of transportation and communications can make improvement and take precautions against the places where are liable to cause traffic accidents based on the study result and use the improved planning of the complex traffic engineering to lower the traffic accident rate.

Abstrakt Injury prevention is selected EU countries. The subject of my diploma work is focused on injury prevention in selected EU countries. Injuries do not present only serious health problem but also socio-economic problem. Traffic injuries in OECD countries contribute in overage 41 % to all deaths of children up to 14 years of age as a consequence of injury. The objective of my work is to describe approach of selected EU countries to injury prevention and map preventive measures in injury prevention in selected countries, including Czech Republic, Slovakia, Sweden, Italy, Germany and France. Prevention is targeted activity based on cognition that injury prevention is always simpler than dealing with irreversible consequences. Work objectives have been identified by work quantitative research methodology. I have been focused on government documents, legislative regulations as well as other documents dealing with injury prevention. Materials which were subject to secondary analysis were received from several main resources, including governmental, state and non-state institutions of selected EU countries. Due to inaccessibility of some documents or unsuitable or unfound resources, I have used complementary questioning method. I have addressed respondents living and working in selected EU countries. The issue of child injury prevention is on preference positions in political programs, takes place on all levels, including state, regional and local levels. States adopt national injury prevention action plans; approve legislative measures, such as speed in municipalities, use of cycling helmets by children, use of retaining systems. School and out-of-school traffic education is organized in all of the selected EU countries. It should begin already at pre-school age. Parents play significant role as well as state and non state institutions. The most complex program in the selected EU countries is called "Safe Communities". In all of the selected EU countries there are also other organisations which participate in preventive programs, events, trainings and campaigns. In addition other local authorities, administration bodies, organisations and communities of interest and individuals can be invited to cooperate and all these activities can be coordinated and interconnected. The issue of injury prevention must be dealt with continuously. Coordinated and consistent prevention of child injuries has positive impact on reduction of child injury rate and death rate. Result of the work will contribute to better foreknowledge, education and comparison. In addition its will be used for learning purposes by ZSF JU.

Research report submitted to Wits School of Governance in 25% fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management in Public and Development, 2016
The research investigated the high rate of road traffic accidents and the high mortality rate on the Moloto road in the western region popularly known as the Nkangala region of Mpumalanga province. The purpose of the research was to explore suggestions from the stakeholders on how to reduce road traffic accidents on the Moloto road. The research also aimed at discussing the relationship between the road traffic accidents and the road congestion. The research attempted to find the interventions suggested by stakeholders on how to reduce road traffic accidents on the Moloto road. The unprecedented number of road accidents on the Moloto road is a serious concern for both government and road users. In 2012 alone, 890 traffic accidents were recorded on the Moloto road. This research found that the majority of these accidents were caused by human behaviour such as reckless driving, over speeding, drinking and driving. The relative invisibility of traffic officials on the Moloto Road partly explains why road users engage in such behaviours. Increased visibility of traffic officials may encourage change in road user behaviour and help reduce the number of road traffic accidents on the Moloto Road. Congestion as one of the major causes of road traffic accidents can be solved by widening the Moloto road. Congestion can also be dealt with through the development of the Moloto rail corridor which is seen as a tool to remove vehicles on the Moloto road. It is also realised that both the government and the road users can play an important role in the reduction of road traffic accidents on the Moloto road. The government must develop infrastructure and the road users must obey the rules of the road. The sampling method for this qualitative case study was purposive sampling. The selection of respondents was done within stakeholders of the Moloto Road. Collection of data was done on the individuals representing their organisations. Data was analysed according to the accepted procedures for qualitative data processing.
XL2018

碩士
逢甲大學
交通工程與管理所
97
This study aims to explore the relationship between enforcement strength and traffic accident. The former studies would only focus on the short term enforcement strength with the number of traffic accidents. However, this study will analyze under the normal enforcement strength in a longer period with the traffic accidents. This study uses the regression analysis, and there are two major models such as general model, and local model with nine types of the outcome of traffic accident. All of data come from 8 police precinct in Taichung County, and the period has 48 months from January 2005 to December 2008. The result shows that r-square of the general model is between 0.349 and 0.895 which is not as good as we expect; r-square of the local model is between 0.112 and 0.921. There is a lot of variability among different types of the outcome of traffic accident. This study reveals that enforcement strength with the A2 events has the better result. Furthermore, this study shows that the more enforcement strength on sand trucks, violating traffic light, and speeding, the less traffic accidents. However, the more enforcement strength on drink and drive, warning tickets, the more traffic accidents. This shows that there are many potential people who violate traffic laws. By enforcement only may not reach the decrease the number of traffic accidents.

Orientação: Sandra Cristina Gil Vieira Gomes
A presente dissertação teve como principais objectivos a comparação da sinistralidade rodoviária entre o Concelho de Lisboa e o Município de Madrid, bem como a análise de Portugal e Espanha em termos de evolução da sinistralidade e políticas e ações para prevenir este problema. Em primeiro lugar enquadrou-se Portugal e Espanha no contexto europeu relativamente à sinistralidade rodoviária sendo que os principais indicadores considerados foram o número de acidentes total dos vários países, o número de vítimas mortais e a sua evolução em percentagem face aos anos anteriores. Considerou-se ainda bastante importante mencionar as políticas e ações direcionadas à redução da sinistralidade rodoviária de Espanha e de Portugal, dando especial enfâse à legislação e campanhas publicitárias produzidas por ambos os países. A comparação entre certos dados estatísticos de duas cidades é sempre muito complexa dado que muitas vezes é difícil encontrar e aceder à informação pretendida ou simplesmente nem existem informações comparáveis. Não obstante este facto, foram feitas comparações para vários indicadores demográficos entre Lisboa e Madrid, rede viária e também sinistralidade rodoviária.
This work has as main objectives the comparison of road accidents between the City of Lisbon and the City of Madrid, as well as the analysis of Portugal and Spain in terms of accidents and evolution of policies and actions to prevent this problem. Firstly Portugal and Spain were compared in the European context regarding road accidents. The main indicators which were considered were the total number of accidents of various countries, the number of fatalities and its evolution as a percentage compared to previous years. Moreover are the policies and actions with the aim to reduce road accidents in Spain and Portugal analyzed, especially emphasizing the laws and advertising campaigns produced by both countries. A comparison of statistical data from two cities is always very complex since it is often difficult to find and access the desired information, and in some cases comparable information doesn‘t even exist. Notwithstanding this fact, various demographic indicators were compared between Lisbon and Madrid like the road network and road fatalities.