Journal articles: 'Traffic Alert/Collision Avoidance System'

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Ford CEng MRAeS, Terry. "Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 62, no. 4 (April 1990): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb036922.

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Tang, Jun, Miquel Angel Piera, Yunxiang Ling, and Linjun Fan. "Extended Traffic Alert Information to Improve TCAS Performance by means of Causal Models." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/303768.

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Near-midair collisions (NMACs) between aircraft have long been a primary safety concern and have incessantly motivated the development of ingenious onboard collision avoidance (CA) systems to reduce collision risk. The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) acts as a proverbially accepted last-resort means to resolve encounters, while it also has been proved to potentially induce a collision in the hectic and congested traffic. This paper aims to improve the TCAS collision avoidance performance by enriching traffic alert information, which strictly fits with present TCAS technological requirements and extends the threat detection considering induced collisions and probabilistic pilot response. The proposed model is specified in coloured Petri net (CPN) formalism, to generate by simulation all the future possible downstream reachable states to enhance the follow-up decision making of pilots via synthesising relevant information related to collision states. With the complete state space, the potential collision scenarios can be identified together with those manoeuvres that may transform a conflict into a collision. The causal TCAS model is demonstrated to work effectively for complex multiaircraft scenarios and to identify the feasible manoeuvres that contribute to reduce the nonzero TCAS-induced collision risk.

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Craigen, D., S. Gerhart, and T. Ralston. "Case study: Traffic Alert and Collision-Avoidance System." IEEE Software 11, no. 1 (January 1994): 35–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ms.1994.1279942.

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Chappell, Sheryl L., Barry C. Scott, and Charles E. Billings. "Information Transfer in Pilots' Use of a Collision Avoidance System." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 4 (September 1987): 428–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100410.

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This paper describes a study of pilots' use of the Traffic-alert and Collision Avoidance System. Three levels of information on the location of other air traffic were presented to different groups of airline pilots. (These levels represent the approaches taken by several airlines who have installed the collision avoidance system for an in-service evaluation.) Current airline flight crews flew a Boeing 727 simulator for eight flights with a set of encounters with other aircraft. To ensure safe separation from the approaching aircraft, the collision avoidance system commands a climb, a descent, or a reduction in rate of climb or descent. Aircraft separation was effective when the system was in use; no aircraft came within 200 feet vertically and 1000 feet horizontally. No measure of response time showed performance effects across display conditions. Response accuracy, as measured by the overshoot in rate of climb or descent, was significant: the mean for condition 1 (no traffic information) was 2246 feet/minute, condition 2 1220 feet/minute, and condition 3 1304 feet/minute (F=4.57, df=2,64, p<.05). However there were no resultant differences in the amount of altitude change. No learning effects were observed. Differences in flight experience did not contribute to the performance difference found. The results of this research represent pilot behavior when introduced to the Traffic-alert and Collision Avoidance System. The findings of this program also have more fundamental importance in addressing how much and in what manner information should be presented to flight crews.

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Brooker, Peter. "STCA, TCAS, Airproxes and Collision Risk." Journal of Navigation 58, no. 3 (August 19, 2005): 389–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463305003334.

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The focus here is on the performance of and interaction between the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) and the controller's short-term conflict alert (STCA) system. The data source used is UK Airprox Board Reports of close encounters between aircraft, and the focus is on commercial air transport aircraft using UK controlled airspace with a radar service. Do the systems work well together? Are controllers surprised when they find out that a pilot has received a TCAS resolution advisory? What do TCAS and STCA events say about collision risk? Generally, the systems seem to work together well. On most occasions, controllers are not surprised by TCAS advisories: either they have detected the problem themselves or STCA has alerted them to it. The statistically expected rate of future mid-air collisions is estimated by extrapolation of Airprox closest encounter distances.

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Tang, Jun. "Review: Analysis and Improvement of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System." IEEE Access 5 (2017): 21419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2757598.

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Tsou, Ming-Cheng, Sheng-Long Kao, and Chien-Min Su. "Decision Support from Genetic Algorithms for Ship Collision Avoidance Route Planning and Alerts." Journal of Navigation 63, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346330999021x.

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When an officer of the watch (OOW) faces complicated marine traffic, a suitable decision support tool could be employed in support of collision avoidance decisions, to reduce the burden and greatly improve the safety of marine traffic. Decisions on routes to avoid collisions could also consider economy as well as safety. Through simulating the biological evolution model, this research adopts the genetic algorithm used in artificial intelligence to find a theoretically safety-critical recommendation for the shortest route of collision avoidance from an economic viewpoint, combining the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea (COLREGS) and the safety domain of a ship. Based on this recommendation, an optimal safe avoidance turning angle, navigation restoration time and navigational restoration angle will also be provided. A Geographic Information System (GIS) will be used as the platform for display and operation. In order to achieve advance notice of alerts and due preparation for collision avoidance, a Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) operator and the OOW can use this system as a reference to assess collision avoidance at present location.

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Williamson, T., and N. A. Spencer. "Development and operation of the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)." Proceedings of the IEEE 77, no. 11 (1989): 1735–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.47735.

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Ford, R. L. "The Conflict Resolution Process for TCAS II and Some Simulation Results." Journal of Navigation 40, no. 3 (September 1987): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300000564.

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The paper is mainly concerned with the principles used by TCAS (Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System) to resolve conflicts between airborne aircraft. It leans heavily on an earlier paper which describes the threat-detection process. The simulation results given were obtained using a fast-time computer model for random traffic and comprise statistics on miss distance, warning time, etc., for a simple traffic pattern.

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Begault, Durand R., and Marc T. Pittman. "Three-Dimensional Audio Versus Head-Down Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System Displays." International Journal of Aviation Psychology 6, no. 1 (January 1996): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap0601_5.

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Begault, Durand R. "Head-Up Auditory Display Research at NASA Ames Research Center." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 1 (October 1995): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900127.

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The use of spatialized (“3-D”) audio techniques for head-up auditory displays for commercial aircraft has been investigated at NASA Ames Research Center since 1989. Results from two completed studies are presented, where a 3-D audio Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) was designed and evaluated in a full mission simulation context. An experiment-in-progress evaluates the application of 3-D audio for gate identification and collision avoidance with other aircraft, as part of NASA's Terminal Area Productivity-Low Visibility Landing and Surface Operations (Lo Vlaso) program.

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Naren Thiruvalar, V., and E. Vimal. "Smart Traffic Management for Collision Avoidance Using V2V." Bonfring International Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science 11, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijiems/v11i1/21001.

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The main objective of this project is to connect the vehicles together and avoid accidents by using V2V Communication. The vehicles are to be connected together by means of DSRC algorithm which is used for transceiving alert messages among the connected vehicles, in case of any emergency situation such as accidents. The Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicle-to- Infrastructure (V2I) technologies are specific cases of IoT and key enablers for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). V2V and V2I have been widely used to solve different problems associated with transportation in cities, in which the most important is traffic congestion. A high percentage of congestion is usually presented by the inappropriate use of resources in vehicular infrastructure. In addition, the integration of traffic congestion in decision making for vehicular traffic is a challenge due to its high dynamic behaviour. An increase in the infrastructure growth is a possible solution but turns out to be costly in terms of both time and effort. Various applications that target transport efficiency could make use of the vast information collected by vehicles: safety, traffic management, pollution monitoring, tourist information, etc.

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Monk, Kevin J., Lisa Fern, R. Conrad Rorie, and Zachary Roberts. "Utility of Visual and Auditory Warning Alerting for Traffic Avoidance during UAS Operations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, no. 1 (September 2018): 1515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621343.

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Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) are being developed to support the integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the National Airspace System (NAS). Input from subject matter experts and multiple research studies have informed display requirements for Detect-and-Avoid (DAA) systems aimed at supporting timely and appropriate pilot responses to collision hazards. DAA alerting is designed to inform pilots of potential threats to “DAA well clear”; the two highest alert levels – caution and warning – indicate how soon pilot action is required and whether there is adequate time to coordinate with the air traffic controller (ATC). Additional empirical support is needed to clarify the extent to which warning-level alerting impacts DAA task performance. The present study explores the differential effects of the auditory and visual cues provided by the DAA Warning alert, and performance implications compared to caution-only alerting are discussed.

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Livadas, C., J. Lygeros, and N. A. Lynch. "High-level modeling and analysis of the traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS)." Proceedings of the IEEE 88, no. 7 (July 2000): 926–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.871302.

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Chen, Xi, Yu Wan, and Songyang Lao. "Graphical Modeling and Simulation for a Multi-Aircraft Collision Avoidance Algorithm based on Collaborative Decisions." Symmetry 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12060985.

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The Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) is recognized worldwide as the last resort for avoiding midair collisions. The existing TCAS can solve pairwise conflict effectively, but cannot manage multi-aircraft conflict satisfactorily, and more seriously, can even trigger domino conflicts in some situation. In response to the increasingly frequent multi-aircraft conflicts, especially three-aircraft conflicts, it is necessary to improve the ability of TCAS. This paper studies the collision avoidance of multi-aircraft scenarios and innovatively proposes a collaborative optimization of a collision avoidance system (CAS) based on the state prediction of the aircraft. In the process, not only invading aircraft but also potential invading aircraft are considered in the plan for an optimal conflict resolution program. From the perspective of mathematics, the collaborative multi-aircraft conflict detection and resolution algorithm is described in detail in this paper. In the end, this paper conducts a comparative experiment to prove the feasibility of the algorithm in three-aircraft scenarios using InCAS software and Gmas simulation software based on graphical modeling of complex systems. The experimental results show that the CAS proposed in this paper can efficiently prevent the occurrence of domino conflicts and guide each aircraft to avoid conflict areas and return to their origin trajectories. In contrast, the existing TCAS will cause the target aircraft to intensify the conflict with the potential invading aircraft when avoiding intruder aircraft. The research greatly remedies the gaps in the area of multi-aircraft collision avoidance and greatly improves the ability and efficiency of TCAS.

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Xu, Ya Jun. "Study on Data Fusion Algorithm of TCAS/ADS-B Integrated Surveillance System Based on the Present Statistical Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 1311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.1311.

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The difference between Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System and Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast surveillance principle was compared. A TCAS/ ADS-B integrated surveillance system based on the present statistical model was built. Using the data fusion algorithm, the optimal local track of TCAS and ADS-B ,as well as the optimal fused track of the integrated system were estimated. The simulation results show that the maximum optimal fused estimated position error is 100m, it is certificated that the integrated system can improve track estimates accuracy, improve the surveillance precision of TCAS.

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Wu, Xingwei, Linda Ng Boyle, and Dawn Marshall. "Drivers’ Avoidance Strategies When Using a Forward Collision Warning (FCW) System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601964.

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Forward collision warning (FCW) systems help prevent rear-end collisions by identifying and alerting drivers of threats ahead. Understanding drivers’ avoidance strategies i.e. the tendency to brake or steer is important for the design and effectiveness of these systems. A driving simulator study was performed across five US locations to examine three driver avoidance maneuvers: braking only, steering only and combined braking and steering. A log-linear analysis was used to investigate the likelihood of an avoidance maneuver given the driver characteristics (age, gender) and study location. Findings showed that drivers aged 40 years and older were more likely to use a combined braking and steering maneuver to avoid a rearend collision. Drivers from two coastal urban areas (Washington, D.C. and Seattle, WA) were less likely to choose braking only in response to FCW alerts. Younger drivers and drivers that live in more rural areas (Clemson, SC and Iowa City, IA) were more likely to select braking only to avoid a crash, which could be due to their experience in less congested traffic environment. The findings of this study provide some insights on the factors associated with various avoidance strategies among drivers. This understanding can help guide the design of future in-vehicle collision warning systems.

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Jun, Tang, Miquel Angel Piera, and Jenaro Nosedal. "Analysis of induced Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System collisions in unsegregated airspace using a Colored Petri Net model." SIMULATION 91, no. 3 (February 24, 2015): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549715570357.

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Gotlieb, Arnaud. "TCAS software verification using constraint programming." Knowledge Engineering Review 27, no. 3 (July 26, 2012): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888912000252.

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AbstractSafety-critical software must be thoroughly verified before being exploited in commercial applications. In particular, any TCAS (Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System) implementation must be verified against safety properties extracted from the anti-collision theory that regulates the controlled airspace. This verification step is currently realized with manual code reviews and testing. In our work, we explore the capabilities of Constraint Programming for automated software verification and testing. We built a dedicated constraint solving procedure that combines constraint propagation with Linear Programming to solve conditional disjunctive constraint systems over bounded integers extracted from computer programs and safety properties. An experience we made on verifying a publicly available TCAS component implementation against a set of safety-critical properties showed that this approach is viable and efficient.

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Brooker, Peter. "Introducing Unmanned Aircraft Systems into a High Reliability ATC System." Journal of Navigation 66, no. 5 (June 21, 2013): 719–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463313000337.

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Civil and military unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operations are currently subject to restrictions that put major limits on their use of airspace. There is considerable debate about how to develop the safe, secure and efficient integration of UAS into non-segregated airspace and aerodromes. This paper examines a necessary safety aspect. Airlines and their passengers would obviously ask, “Is it still safe with all these unmanned aircraft around?” The spotlight must be on Air Traffic Control Systems as High Reliability Organizations (HRO). That status comes from industry characteristics: focus on safety, effective use of technological improvements, learning from feedback from accidents/incidents, and an underpinning safety culture. The safety of ATC Systems has improved dramatically: accidents are now the product of rare and complex ‘messes’ of multiple failures. It is therefore a major challenge to preserve the HRO status by ensuring at least current safety performance. The analysis sketches feasible processes of policy decision-making and safety analyses. Key factors are policies on UAS equipage and airspace usage, implementation of a Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS)-variant appropriate for UAS, use of an ‘Equivalent Level of Safety’ philosophy, small datalink latencies, proven HRO safety and learning cultures, and stress testing of system resilience by real-time simulations.

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Watanabe, Yoshito, and Yozo Shoji. "An RSSI-Based Low-Power Vehicle-Approach Detection Technique to Alert a Pedestrian." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010118.

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Information about an approaching vehicle is helpful for pedestrians to avoid traffic accidents while most of the past studies related to collision avoidance systems have focused on alerting drivers and controlling vehicles. This paper proposes a technique to detect an approaching vehicle aiming at alerting a pedestrian by observing the variation of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the repeatedly radiated beacons from a vehicle, called the alert beacons. A linear regression algorithm is first applied to RSSI samples. The decision about whether a vehicle is approaching or not is made by the Student’s t-test for the linear regression coefficient. A passive method, where the pedestrian’s device behaves only as a receiver, is first described. The neighbor-discovery-based (ND-based) method, in which the pedestrian’s device repeatedly broadcasts advertising beacons and the moving vehicle in the vicinity returns the alert beacon when it receives the advertising beacon, is then proposed to improve the detection performance as well as reduce the device’s energy consumption. The theoretical detection error rate under Rayleigh fading is derived. It is revealed that the proposed ND-based method achieves a lower detection error rate when compared with the passive method under the same delay.

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Abdulhamid, Mohanad, and Otieno Amondi. "Collision Avoidance System Using Ultrasonic Sensor." Land Forces Academy Review 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/raft-2020-0031.

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AbstractThis paper describes automobile collision avoidance system by using of an ultrasonic sensor for a vehicle. We utilize the electronic systems application embedded in car that is anticipated to minimize the disaster of car accident. This paper is concentrating on developing a model of rear end car collision avoidance system that detects the gap among motors moving in the identical lane, inside the identical direction and alert the driver each time she or he is in danger range by using a microcontroller. The gap is measured via an ultrasonic sensor used to experience the obstacle beforehand.

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Santos-González, Iván, Pino Caballero-Gil, Alexandra Rivero-García, and Cándido Caballero-Gil. "Priority and collision avoidance system for traffic lights." Ad Hoc Networks 94 (November 2019): 101931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.101931.

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Eskandarian, Azim, and Ce Zhang. "A Brain Wave-Verified Driver Alert System for Vehicle Collision Avoidance." SAE International Journal of Transportation Safety 9, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/09-09-01-0002.

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Collision alert and avoidance systems (CAS) could help to minimize driver errors. They are instrumental as an advanced driver-assistance system (ADAS) when the vehicle is facing potential hazards. Developing effective ADAS/CAS, which provides alerts to the driver, requires a fundamental understanding of human sensory perception and response capabilities. This research explores the premise that external stimulation can effectively improve drivers’ reaction and response capabilities. Therefore this article proposes a light-emitting diode (LED)-based driver warning system to prevent potential collisions while evaluating novel signal processing algorithms to explore the correlation between driver brain signals and external visual stimulation. When the vehicle approaches emerging obstacles or potential hazards, an LED light box flashes to warn the driver through visual stimulation to avoid the collision through braking. Thirty (30) subjects completed a driving simulator experiment under different near-collision scenarios. The Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) of the drivers’ brain signals and their collision mitigation (control performance) data were analyzed to evaluate the LED warning system’s effectiveness. The results show that (1) The proposed modified canonical correlation analysis evaluation (CCA-EVA) algorithm can detect SSVEP responses with 4.68% higher accuracy than the Adaptive Kalman filter; (2) The proposed driver monitoring and alert system produce on average a 52% improvement in time to collision (TTC), 54% improvement in reaction distance (RD), and an overall 26% reduction in collision rate as compared to similar tests without the LED warning.

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Kharchenko, Volodymur, Ivan Ostroumov, Nataliia Kuzmenko, and Arkadiy Larionov. "Airplane positioning using airborne collision avoidance system data." E3S Web of Conferences 164 (2020): 03050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016403050.

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Mid-air collision is an important problem of modern air transport system. Development of Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) is grounded on safety criteria in order to support air traffic capacity and equipment. In research, we study the possibility and performance of airplane positioning by data accumulated in ACAS. ACAS surveillance equipment supports accurate range and poor angular measurements of airspace user’s data. An approach is based on a fusion of surveillance data with airplanes locations obtained from decoded Automatic Depended Surveillance-Broadcast messages. Performance of positioning approach is considered in more detail. An error of positioning in the horizontal plane is estimated in relation with uncertainty of airspace users’ location. Numerical demonstration with a live air traffic data indicates poor positioning accuracy in comparison with primary positioning system on-board of airplane and accuracy dependence from geometry and capacity of air traffic.

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Postaire, J. G., P. Stelmaszyk, P. Bonnet, and J. P. Deparis. "A Visual Surveillance System for Traffic Collision Avoidance Control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20, no. 3 (July 1987): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)55914-5.

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ISMAIL B, MOHAMMED, MOHD ABDUL MUQEET, MOHAMMED FAWAD MALIK, and ABDUL KARIM KHAN. "Intersection Cross Traffic Warning System for Vehicle Collision Avoidance." International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering 3, no. 11 (November 20, 2014): 13155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15662/ijareeie.2014.0311031.

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Tang, Jun, Feng Zhu, and Linjun Fan. "Simulation modelling of traffic collision avoidance system with wind disturbance." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 33, no. 4 (April 2018): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2018.170044.

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., Vyom Bhushan. "AN EFFICIENT AUTOMOTIVE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM FOR INDIAN TRAFFIC CONDITIONS." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 05, no. 04 (April 25, 2016): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2016.0504023.

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Fang, Ming-Chung, Kun-Yuan Tsai, and Chih-Chung Fang. "A Simplified Simulation Model of Ship Navigation for Safety and Collision Avoidance in Heavy Traffic Areas." Journal of Navigation 71, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 837–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000923.

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Based on our previously developed ship collision avoidance steering system, this paper develops a more extensive collision avoidance decision-making system for non-uniformly moving ships. A real-time simulator based on the Six-Dimensional (6D) Manoeuvring Modelling Group (MMG) model is used to simulate the ship's motion. To validate the manoeuvring mathematical model, sea trial measurements of a container ship (C-3) have been selected. This study incorporates Nomoto's second-order model into a numerical model to calculate the turning characteristics of the ship. The manoeuvring indices of Nomoto's model are the knowledge base of the simplified ship simulation model. To verify the ship collision avoidance system with respect to different traffic factors, simple and complex collision avoidance cases have been designed in fast-time simulations with multi-ship encounter conditions. The simplified simulation model developed here can quickly determine the helm angle when the ship makes a collision avoidance manoeuvre, which is helpful for the safety of ship navigation in heavy traffic areas.

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Ramalakshmi, K. "Collision Avoidance System in the Road Traffic Environment using GSM/GPS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 11 (November 30, 2019): 698–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.11114.

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Hasn, Haidr Ghasn, and Majed Ali. "Collision Avoidance by Identifying Risks for Detected Objects in Autonomous Vehicles." Embedded Selforganising Systems 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14464/ess.v7i1.472.

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We propose a system which will detect objects onour roads, estimate the distance of these object from the cameraand alert the driver if this distance is equal or less than thethreshold value(02meters),and assist the driver and alert him assoon as possible in order for him to take appropriate actions assoon as possible which can avoid any collision or significantlyreduce it. We plan to use state of the arts object detection modelslike YOLO to identify the target object classes and use depthmaps from monocular camera to be give an accurate estimate ofthe distance of the detected object from the camera. one majorrequirement of this system is the real-time behaviour and a highaccuracy for the detected and estimated distance, A secondrequirement is to make the system cheap and easy useablecomparatively to the other existing methods. That is why wedecided to use monocular camera images and depth maps whichmakes the solution cheap and innovative. This project(prototype) provide room for bigger and more complete projectwhich will contribute to the creation of tool which can save livesand improve security on our roads

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Ito, Sadanori, and Zettsu Koji. "Assessing a risk-avoidance navigation system based on localized torrential rain data." MATEC Web of Conferences 308 (2020): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030803006.

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Localized torrential rainfall events and related traffic problems are increasing in Japan, suggesting the need for a navigation-alert system to help drivers avoid such risks. Based on ongoing developments of weather radar systems for early detection of localized torrential rain and a cross-data collaboration platform for traffic optimization, in this study we tested the application of a route-guidance system that can help drivers avoid heavy rainfall. Participants were given equivalent levels of pre-training un the early detection of rainfall and the relationship between rainfall and accidents, then allowed to test a driving simulator set up with four alert methods, three route options, and four levels of possible risk avoidance. Using this system, the heavy rain avoidance rate was 85.63%, suggesting that such a system would be socially acceptable and useful, though further research is needed to refine the specific approach.

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Kao, Sheng-Long, Kuo-Tien Lee, Ki-Yin Chang, and Min-Der Ko. "A Fuzzy Logic Method for Collision Avoidance in Vessel Traffic Service." Journal of Navigation 60, no. 1 (December 15, 2006): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463307003980.

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Currently Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) does not have enough technical capability to monitor a crowded surveillance area to maintain safety. Without an efficient alerting system, many marine accidents have occurred due to operator oversight. In this article, a new fuzzy logic method is proposed to add vessel collision avoidance capability to VTS/AIS systems for all potential collision ships in the surveillance area. Starting from the VTS standpoint and integrating AIS data into the Marine Geographic Information System (MGIS) as a platform, the calculations of ship domain and ship inertial force are utilized to generate models of a guarding ring and danger index. By this means, a precise prediction of collision time and position can be achieved using a marine GIS spatial analyst module. The proposed method is able to enhance the VTS operator's decision-making abilities by providing a collision avoidance alerting system.

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Vestre, Arnstein, Azzeddine Bakdi, Erik Vanem, and Øystein Engelhardtsen. "AIS-based near-collision database generation and analysis of real collision avoidance manoeuvres." Journal of Navigation 74, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): 985–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463321000357.

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AbstractEconomic and technological development has increased the amount, density and complexity of maritime traffic, which has resulted in new challenges. One challenge is conforming to the distinct evasion manoeuvres required by vessels entering into near-collision situations (NCSs). Existing rules are vague and do not precisely dictate which, when and how collision avoidance manoeuvres (CAMs) should be executed. The automatic identification system (AIS) is widely used for vessel monitoring and traffic control. This paper presents an efficient, scalable method for processing large-scale raw AIS data using the closest point of approach (CPA) framework. NCSs are identified to create a database of historical traffic data. Important features describing CAMs are defined, estimated and analysed. Applications on a high-quality real-world data set show promising results for a subset of the identified situations. Future applications may play a significant role in the maritime regulatory framework, navigation protocol compliance evaluation, risk assessment, automatic collision avoidance, and algorithm design and testing for autonomous vessels.

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Nikityn, Alexander. "The specificities of train control system at Moscow-Kazan-Yekaterinburg high-speed network." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 3 (October 17, 2017): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2017-3-47-56.

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Objective: To consider the requirements for the train control system (SUDP) at “Moscow-Kazan-Yekaterinburg” high-speed network (VSM). To develop system-wide requirements for SUDP, including the selection of the structure and composition of subsystems. Methods: Computer-based interlocking with contactless control of vehicles should be applied at the stations as the main means for train traffic control. Vocal frequency track circuits were determined as the major means for free and busy status control of track at stations and blocks, an information channel giving an update of a track ahead, and the means for a rail integrity test. Stationary equipment for train collision avoidance via radio channel is to provide train traffic with speeds up to 400 km/h, multiple-aspect ALS-YEN (integrated continuous automatic cab signaling system), depending on control technology with speeds up to 250 km/h and ALS (automatic locomotive signaling system) – up to 160 km/h. Results: The issues of providing reliable and safe functioning of SUDP were considered, as well as liveness and interoperability. Practical importance: Control system realization in the suggested configuration with combined data communication via radio channel and conventional ALS and ALS-YEN facilities will make it possible to provide train traffic collision avoidance backup, as well as interoperability with high-speed transport lines. Keywords: High-speed network, train control system, centralized traffic control, computer- based interlocking, train traffic collision avoidance, radio-block center.

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Wang, Pangwei, WenXiang Wu, Xiaohui Deng, Lin Xiao, Li Wang, and Min Li. "Novel Cooperative Collision Avoidance Model for Connected Vehicles." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2645, no. 1 (January 2017): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2645-16.

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Connected vehicle technology exchanges real-time vehicle and traffic information through vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication. The technology has the potential to improve traffic safety applications such as collision avoidance. In this paper, a novel cooperative collision avoidance (CCA) model that could improve the effectiveness of the collision avoidance system of connected vehicles was developed. Unlike traditional collision avoidance models, which relied mainly on emergency braking, the proposed CCA approach avoided collision through a combination of following vehicle deceleration and leading vehicle acceleration. Through spacing policy theory and nonlinear optimization, the model calculated the desired deceleration rate for the following vehicle and the acceleration rate for the leading vehicle, respectively, at each time interval. The CCA approach was then tested on a scaled platform with hardware-in-the-loop simulation embedded with MATLAB/Simulink and a car simulator package, CarSim. Results show that the proposed model can effectively avoid rear-end collisions in a three-vehicle platoon.

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Fujinami, Yohei, Pongsathorn Raksincharoensak, Dirk Ulbricht, and Rolf Adomat. "Risk Predictive Driver Assistance System for Collision Avoidance in Intersection Right Turns." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 30, no. 1 (February 20, 2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2018.p0015.

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Most traffic accidents that result in injuries or fatalities occur in intersections. In Japan, where cars drive on the left, most of such accidents involve cars that are turning right. This situation serves as the basis of the development of our Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) for intersection right turns. This research focuses on the scenario in which an object darts out from the blind spot created by heavy oncoming traffic as a vehicle is making an intersection right turn. When this happens, even if the driver brakes as hard as possible or an active safety function such as the Autonomous Emergency Braking System (AEBS) applies the brakes, the natural limits of physical friction may make it impossible to avoid a collision. To improve traffic safety given the limited potential of physical friction, this research seeks to develop a risk-predictive right-turn assistance system. The system predicts potential oncoming objects and reduces the vehicle velocity in advance. Blind corners can be detected by on-board sensors without requiring information from surrounding infrastructure. This paper presents a right-turn assistance system that avoids conflict with the AEBS in emergencies by decelerating the ego vehicle to a safe velocity.

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Noorbasha, Fazal, K. Hari Kishore, P. Phani Sarad, A. Renuka, SK Meera Mohiddin, K. Jagadeesh Babu, B. V S. Phanindra, and M. Manasa. "A VLSI implementation of train collision avoidance system using Verilog HDL." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10468.

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Now a days we see many train accidents that occur in railways. These accidents occur mainly due to cracks in the track, human errors and not identifying the opposite train at the right time. When the train meets with the accident lot of people lose their lives and huge amount of railway property is destroyed and it also takes lot of time to hold back to the normal situations. Most of the accidents happen due to human error and due to lack of communication between the trains and irregularity of Train Traffic Control System. Normally to prevent these accidents we place sensors on either side of the platform to identify the train at right time and to receive traffic signals at the platform properly. Here we came with some different approach which is easy to manage and implement and cost effective. Normally collision occurs when two trains approaching in opposite directions on same track. So, if we manage to prevent two trains travel on the same track then collision can be avoided. Here in this project we have implemented Verilog code to solve this problem. The purpose of this project is to write a Verilog code to detect the opposite train and deviate the train based on priority of the trains thus avoiding collision. In this project we have chosen four different types of trains namely Goods, Passenger, Superfast, Express and we have implemented train collision avoidance using Verilog code by giving priority to each type of train and preference is given to one train to avoid collision.

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Gilling, Simon P. "Collision Avoidance, Driver Support and Safety Intervention Systems." Journal of Navigation 50, no. 1 (January 1997): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300023559.

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Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control (AICC) will be marketed by a number of vehicle manufacturers before the end of the decade. This paper will describe AICC and the next generation systems currently being developed and validated within the EC Fourth Framework project, Anti-Collision Autonomous Support and Safety Intervention SysTem (AC ASSIST).The currently available cruise control systems which maintain a fixed speed are a well-known form of longitudinal driver support. The fixed speed cruise control becomes less useful with increased traffic volumes, as the driver must disable the system when a slower preceding vehicle is encountered.

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Lee, Donghoun, Sehyun Tak, Seongjin Choi, and Hwasoo Yeo. "Development of Risk Predictive Collision Avoidance System and Its Impact on Traffic and Vehicular Safety." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 7 (June 6, 2019): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119836972.

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Various collision avoidance systems (CASs) have been developed and employed in human-operated vehicles as well as more recently in autonomous vehicles. Most of the existing CASs perform an override function to actuate automatic emergency braking in a critical situation based on the current traffic information obtained from in-vehicle sensors or short-range vehicular communications. These CASs focus on the critical situation in the vicinity of the subject vehicle, which means they may have negative influences on the subject vehicle and its following vehicles, particularly when the leader vehicle of a platoon with short headway applies harsh braking to mitigate an impending collision risk. This study proposes a risk predictive CAS (RPCAS) which executes predictive deceleration with mild braking in advance to prevent a potential rear-end collision by predicting the collision risk arising from a downstream site. To evaluate the performance of the RPCAS, the proposed system is compared with several existing CASs in various car-following cases based on a microscopic traffic simulation. The simulation results show that the RPCAS can effectively reduce the rear-end collision risk with less harsh braking compared with the existing CASs. Furthermore, the RPCAS enables vehicles arriving from upstream to anticipate a potential crash, which provides them with sufficient time to reduce their current speeds proactively. The research findings suggest that the proposed system can attenuate the negative impacts of the previous CASs in relation to traffic and vehicular safety.

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Xu, Qingyang, and Ning Wang. "A Survey on Ship Collision Risk Evaluation." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 26, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 475–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v26i6.1386.

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Recently, ship collision avoidance has become essential due to the emergence of special vessels like chemical tankers and VLCCs (very large crude carriers), etc. The information needed for safe navigation is obtained by combining electrical equipment with real-time visual information. However, misjudgements and human errors are the major cause of ship collisions according to research data. The decision support system of Collision avoidance is an advantageous facility to make up for this. Collision risk evaluation is one of the most important problems in collision avoidance decision supporting system. A review is presented of different approaches to evaluate the collision risk in maritime transportation. In such a context, the basic concepts and definitions of collision risk and their evaluation are described. The review focuses on three categories of numerical models of collision risk calculation: methods based on traffic flow theory, ship domain and methods based on dCPA and tCPA.

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Ludvigsen, Jennifer, Steven Estes, and John Helleberg. "Evaluation of Flight Deck Procedures Used in the Designation of Traffic for Tailored Collision Avoidance Logic." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (September 2016): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601012.

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The Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS XO) allows a pilot to select traffic for tailored collision avoidance advisories during simultaneous approaches to parallel runways. In the study reviewed in this paper, pilots evaluated ACAS XO procedures during a series of simulated approaches and departures. Half of the pilots were given the traffic to select by Air Traffic Control (ATC), while the remaining pilots had to determine the appropriate traffic to select on their own. Pilots who received the traffic from ATC selected targets more quickly and earlier in the approach. Pilots felt the process was easy and the workload was operationally acceptable. Analysis showed that earlier selection increased the utility of ACAS XO and was preferred by pilots as it allowed the crew to complete the procedure in a lower workload phase of flight.

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Begault, Durand R. "Head-Up Auditory Displays for Traffic Collision Avoidance System Advisories: A Preliminary Investigation." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 35, no. 4 (December 1993): 707–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872089303500409.

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Ford, R. L. "The Protected Volume of Airspace Generated by an Airborne Collision Avoidance System." Journal of Navigation 39, no. 2 (May 1986): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300000035.

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The shape, size and orientation of the protected volume of airspace generated by the airborne collision avoidance system currently known as TCAS II are derived. While based on constant-velocity aircraft flight paths the results are shown to have more general application. It is also shown how the essential features of the protected volume may be used to calculate alarm rates for some simple traffic patterns.

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Channumsin, Sreesawet, Saroj, Saingyen, Puttasuwan, Udomthanatheera, and Jaturut. "Development of Space Traffic Management System: ZIRCON." Proceedings 39, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019039012.

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In near future, commercial companies have proposed to launch the extreme large constellation of small to medium-sized satellites over new 20,000 satellites in orbit. As a result, satellite operators will face a new challenge and have to prepare some solutions to mitigate huge potential collision risks. Under current practices, operators receive collision warning messages (Conjunction Data Messages: CDMs) generated by the Combined Space Operations Center (CSpOC). It is possibly to receive huge conjunctions that exceed warning threshold control each day but many of them are false conjunctions because the result of a combination of inaccuracies in the sensor measurements, predicting error and especially inadequacy of satellite information (e.g., GPS data and satellite size) To reduce the false CDMs and effectively mitigate the potential risk in time, space traffic management system can minimize the problems. The key system capabilities are able to automatically screen potential risky objects and provide an analysis tool to decide effective maneuver planning. As a result, GISTDA initiates the project to develop the space traffic management system known as “ZIRCON” to monitor and mitigate the risk of GISTDA’s satellites and future satellites (e.g., THEOS2 project). This paper presents the operational collision avoidance process and algorithm analysis of space traffic management system. The accuracy of analysis results is validated by comparing the analyzed results of CSpOC and Space Data Association (SDA) serving the commercial space sector to monitor and provide warning message for membership. The last section describes the future development planning and services for satellite operators.

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Majka, A. "Remotely piloted aircraft system with optimum avoidance maneuvers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 7 (March 20, 2017): 1247–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017697997.

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In order for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) to operate in unsegregated airspace, one of the most important risks to mitigate is that of the mid-air collision. The RPAS must be capable of detecting the potential for a mid-air collision and performing avoidance maneuvers at normal flight conditions and under contingency or emergency conditions. In particular, when the link is severed the RPAS will become “uncontrolled” by the remote pilot, but the loss of link does not imply the loss of the remotely piloted aircraft. A D&A system is required for safe operations of RPAS in airspace shared with other aircraft, including manned aircraft. The onboard system of an unmanned aircraft has to be equipped with an efficient detection and early risk analysis system, as well as a system assisting the pilot in making a decision or an autonomous control system able to perform a maneuver to avoid collision. Collision avoidance maneuvers should be planned by taking into account the operational specificities of the RPAS. The resolution advisory’s strength and direction could be adapted to the capabilities of the RPAS. For example, horizontal resolution advisories could be introduced for RPAS unable of reaching the vertical acceleration/speeds required for vertical resolution advisories. The selection of types of sensors, their sensitivity and range can be made by taking into account RPAS maneuverability. The traffic advisory and resolution advisory regions could be defined by the same circumstances, among others. The aim of this work is to determine an optimal trajectory of horizontal avoidance maneuver of a mini remotely piloted aircraft, minimizing the time of performing a maneuver when avoiding a manned aircraft flying at a much higher speed, guaranteeing a minimally required distance between the passing objects.

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Iijima, Yukito, Hideki Hagiwara, and Hironao Kasai. "Results of Collision Avoidance Manoeuvre Experiments Using a Knowledge-Based Autonomous Piloting System." Journal of Navigation 44, no. 2 (May 1991): 194–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300009930.

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One of the most important factors for the safety of navigation is to ensure proper collision avoidance manoeuvres in a congested traffic area. There are many aids for this purpose; for example, an ARPA, which is mandatory for certain ships and which is expected to be effective.

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KOSE, Kuniji, Sadaharu KOJIMA, and Kazuhiko TAKAHASHI. "An Expert System for Collision Avoidance and its Application to Marine Traffic Simulations under Traffic Lane Regulations." Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 84 (1991): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.165.

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Nguyen, ManhCuong, Shufang Zhang, and Xiaoye Wang. "A Novel Method for Risk Assessment and Simulation of Collision Avoidance for Vessels based on AIS." Algorithms 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a11120204.

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The identification of risks associated with collision for vessels is an important element in maritime safety and management. A vessel collision avoidance system is a topic that has been deeply studied, and it is a specialization in navigation technology. The automatic identification system (AIS) has been used to support navigation, route estimation, collision prediction, and abnormal traffic detection. This article examined the main elements of ship collision, developed a mathematical model for the risk assessment, and simulated a collision assessment based on AIS information, thereby providing meaningful recommendations for crew training and a warning system, in conjunction with the AIS on board.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Traffic Alert/Collision Avoidance System'

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