Dissertations / Theses: 'Traffic crimes'

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Martins, Rodney Charles Muller. "Crimes culposos de trânsito." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9054.

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This paper examines the unintentional traffic crimes and their punishments and checks whether these legal features are efficient in fighting the high rate of accidents involving motor vehicles, a consequence of the needed speedy transportation demanded by the global societies members. Along the first lines, intentional and unintentional crimes are explained and differentiated along with a detailed approach of their historic evolution. Another type of crime, actually this paper s main theme, demanded a special chapter, where its historic origins are fully discussed before the world s main cultures and also the most relevant theories which explain why they are in fact punished and all the needed elements to appropriately characterize them. Along the traffic crimes' analysis and comments were presented their specific criminal types and the focus has been upon the unintentional kind and all the related enforcement measures, legal and non-legal. Regarding the presented chapters, this study intends to offer solutions which can help to diminish it or, at least, prevent its increase between the limits of the present legislation
Este trabalho examina os crimes culposos de trânsito e respectivas punibilidades, verificando se são eficientes no combate aos índices crescentes de acidentes com veículos automotores, reflexo da necessidade da rapidez de locomoção da sociedade moderna. No início, são conceituados e distinguidos os crimes dolosos dos culposos, fazendo-se, para ambos, a sua evolução histórica. Para a segunda modalidade de crime, objeto da pesquisa, foi dedicado um capítulo perquirindo suas origens históricas perante as principais civilizações e as teorias mais relevantes que explicam a razão de sua punibilidade, bem como os elementos necessários para compor a sua tipicidade. Na análise e comentários sobre os crimes de trânsito também foram especificadas suas modalidades criminais e, no destaque da espécie culposa, seus meios preventivos e punitivos: penais e administrativos. Diante destes capítulos apresentados, este estudo pretende demonstrar soluções que possam contribuir para a diminuição do alto índice de sua prática criminal, ou pelo menos impedir o seu aumento diante do contexto legislativo atual

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Yon, Ruesta Róger. "Technical regulations as an aggravating circumstance of negligent crimes in the road traffic." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107469.

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Driving a car or another vehicle involves a risk per se, but it is allowed since it is a necessary activity for society. However, the risk remains. That is the reason for demanding from drivers a duty of care. Nevertheless, how far should this duty go?In the present article, the author analyzes the precedent in negligent crimes in the road traffic.The author emphasizes that it is necessary to apply technical regulations, also taking into account other factors that may cause the risk, and not limiting the reasoning to understand that the drivers are the only guilty participants.
Conducir un auto u otro medio de transporte de por sí implica un riesgo, pero se permite por ser una actividad necesaria. No obstante, el riesgo permanece, y es por ello que se exige a los conductores un deber de cuidado. Pero, ¿hasta dóndedebe llegar ese deber?En el presente artículo, el autor hace un análisis de cómo la jurisprudencia viene pronunciándose acerca de los delitos imprudentes en el marco del tráfico rodado, haciendo énfasis en que es necesario aplicar las reglas técnicas teniendo en cuenta también otros factores que pueden causar los hechos, y no quedándose con entender a los conductores como los únicos culpables.

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Warden, Tara S. "The cost of dreaming : identifying the underlying social and cultural structures which push/pull victims into human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation in Central America." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/18521.

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This investigation explores the international perspectives of causality of human traffic, specifically, traffic into commercial sexual exploitation. Current Western approaches to combat trafficking centre around law and order, immigration issues, and victim protection programs. While these are important for a holistic effort to deter traffic, these foci overlook prevention endeavors, thereby acting as a band-aid on a bullet wound, addressing the symptoms, but not the foundation of trafficking. Western perspectives toward prevention concentrate on economic aspects of supply and demand while crediting the root cause to be poverty. Using social exclusion theory, this thesis demonstrates that the current paradigm of viewing human trafficking in purely economic terms is an oversimplification. This project proposes to widen the focus of prevention efforts those cultural and social structures which push and pull victims into trafficking. The research is a response to an international call for further initiatives to prevent human trafficking, the recent rise of human traffic in Guatemala, Central America and the lack of research which focuses on the social links with trafficking and mainstream society. Research conducted in Guatemala, included a thirteen-month ethnography and involved one-hundred and thirteen qualitative interviews conducted in nine Guatemalan cities strategically located along trafficking routes. The target research population included women sex workers and former traffic victims from Central America and included insights from non-governmental organizations workers. Twenty-three interviewees were Central American migrants which provided insight in the wider regional structures of traffic and commercial sexual exploitation. The interviews aimed at understanding the lived experiences of exploitation in order to determine whether social exclusion affects human traffic within commercial sexual exploitation. The findings revealed the underlying social and cultural structures which reinforce human trafficking. Empirical data collected provides real-time data on trafficking networks, commercial sexual exploitation and reveals the geo-political significance of Guatemala as a hot-spot for traffic. Analysis of interviews illustrates variations in the experience of human traffic and commercial sexual exploitation which challenges current western stereotypical ideas on traffic victims. Conceptually, macro-structures—political, economic, social, and violence—are presented as a back drop for the formation of wider networks of exploitation. The exploration of violence as a push factor challenges international forced repatriation policies. Micro-structures—gender roles, family, violence, and coping strategies—are examined in the ways they perpetuate social systems of trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation. Theoretically, the thesis argues against the current paradigm which narrowly focuses on economics, but calls for the incorporation of social exclusion theory to understand the multi-dimensionality of human traffic and its wider links to society in order to open up new dialogue for prevention between the West and the majority world.

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Vidal, André. "Crimes e acidentes rodoviários: o homem, o veículo e a via." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/7817.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Criminologia
Os meios de transportes, atualmente, apresentam se como um fator imprescindível no nosso quotidiano, assumindo-se, assim, como uma parte integrante na sociedade, na economia e no meio ambiente, com as suas respetivas vantagens e desvantagens. Da revisão da literatura efetuada sobre o tema, é possível considerar que nos crimes e acidentes de viação o principal causador dos mesmos é o fator humano, devido aos comportamentos que os condutores adotam, nomeadamente: desrespeito à sinalização, velocidade excessiva para as condições existentes, distração no ato da condução e incapacidade para dominar as reações dinâmicas do veículo. No presente Projeto de Graduação, tentaremos expor os principais fatores influenciadores no ato da condução e os principais crimes cometidos, em contexto rodoviário, pelos portugueses. Procuraremos, do mesmo modo, apresentar uma possível proposta de projeto, com vista a melhorar a problemática em questão. Incidimos, principalmente, nas deficiências do sistema no que toca às escolas responsáveis pela formação de condutores.
Means of transport are currently na essential factor in our daily lives and are assumed as na integral part of society, the economy and the environment, presenting both advantages and disadvantages. From the literature review carried out on the subject, it is possible to consider that the human factor is the main cause for crimes and road accidents. Disrespect for signs, excessive speed for the existing conditions, distractions in the act of driving and inability to master the dynamic reaction of the vehicle are examples of such behaviours. In this graduation project, we will attempt to describe the main factors influencing the act of drivinga nd the main crimes committed on the road by the Portuguese drivers. We will also present a possible project proposal, with a view to improve the problem presented. We have focused mainly on the inadequacy of the system as far as driving schools are concerned.
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Santos, Micaele Karolaine Pereira dos. "A caça e o tráfico de animais silvestres : estratégias para a gestão de políticas públicas na caatinga." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4249.

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The present study analyzed the hunting and wildlife trafficking in the neighbourship of the Ecological Station Raso da Catarina (ESEC Raso da Catarina), in Bahia, in order to contribute to environmental conservation strategies for the region. Among the specific objectives was seek to know five dimensions of hunting activity and wildlife trafficking practiced in the study region (socio-demographic profile of hunters and wildlife traffickers; behavior of hunters and traffickers, hunting profile, economic aspects involved in hunting and, the knowledge of the prohibition of illegal activities against wildlife and mitigation strategies). Also looked for to identify the network of agencies potentially involved in combating the hunting and wildlife trafficking, their strategies and difficulties of action, through the method of research in data and methodological triangulation, based on semi-structured interviews with hunters, employees of the ICMBio of ESEC Raso da Catarina and police officers of the Caatinga Independent Policing Company (Companhia de Policiamento Independente da Caatinga - CIPE / Caatinga); analysis of ICMBio infraction records, police reports records of CIPE / Caatinga and the Federal Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Ferderal - PRF). The results indicated that most hunters had between 41 and 50 years old, had incomplete primary education, were in majority farmers and residents of the Riacho Village, municipality of Paulo Afonso, Bahia. As for the most hunted species, there was a predominance for the group of birds, with higher value of use for the species arribaçã (Zenaida auriculata) (VU = 0.31), and for the group of mammals, the armadillo-peba (Euphractus sexcinctus) the species with higher value of use (VU = 0.85). Most hunters preferred to use animals as a means of transport, the dog as a hunting technique, and they preferred to hunt on Saturdays and Sundays, often once or twice a month, during nocturnal and rainy periods, motivated by subsistence reasons. All hunters revealed that they are aware of the prohibition on hunting but are unaware of who is responsible for the prohibition. Regarding surveillance, the ICMBio is the agency that is at the forefront of operations to combat hunting and trafficking of animals in the study area. However, it faces difficulties due to lack of resources and integration with other institutions.
O presente estudo analisou a caça e o tráfico de animais silvestres na área de abrangência da Estação Ecológica Raso da Catarina (ESEC Raso da Catarina), na Bahia, visando contribuir com estratégias de conservação ambiental para a região. Dentre os objetivos específicos buscou-se conhecer cinco dimensões da atividade de caça e tráfico de animais silvestres praticadas na região de estudo (perfil sóciodemográfico dos caçadores e traficantes de animais silvestres; comportamento dos caçadores e traficantes; perfil da caça; aspectos econômicos envolvidos na caça e o conhecimento sobre a proibição das atividades ilegais contra a fauna silvestre e propostas de mitigação). Procurou-se também identificar a rede de agências potencialmente envolvidas para combater a caça e tráfico de animais, suas estratégias e dificuldades de atuação, através do método de pesquisa em triangulação de dados e metodológica, com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas com caçadores, funcionários do ICMBio da ESEC Raso da Catarina e policiais da Companhia de Policiamento Independente da Caatinga (CIPE/Caatinga); análise de registros de infração do ICMBio e os registros de ocorrências policiais da CIPE/Caatinga e da Polícia Rodoviária Federal (PRF). Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos caçadores tinha entre 41 e 50 anos de idade, possuía ensino fundamental incompleto, eram em maioria agricultores e residentes do Povoado Riacho, município de Paulo Afonso, Bahia. Quanto às espécies mais caçadas, houve predominância para o grupo das aves, com maior Valor de Uso para a espécie arribaçã (Zenaida auriculata) (VU=0,31), e para o grupo dos mamíferos, o tatu-peba (Euphractus sexcinctus) foi a espécie com maior valor de uso (VU=0,85). A maioria dos caçadores utilizou preferencialmente animais como meio de transporte, o cachorro como técnica de caça, preferiam caçar aos sábados e domingos, frequentemente de uma a duas vezes por mês, em períodos noturnos e chuvosos, motivados por razões de subsistência. Todos os caçadores revelaram ter conhecimento da proibição da caça, mas desconheciam de quem é a responsabilidade pela proibição. Em relação à fiscalização, o ICMBio é o órgão que está à frente das operações de combate à caça e tráfico de animais na área de estudo, entretanto enfrenta dificuldades por falta de recursos e integração com outras instituições.

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Weiss, Marc Weiss. "Traffic Enforcement, Policing, and Crime Rates." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2628.

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Law enforcement agencies believe that traffic enforcement, in addition to reducing fatalities associated with automobile collisions, may also reduce the incidence of public order crimes. The academic literature, though, has largely failed to address this phenomenon. The purpose of this correlational study was to use Kelling and Wilson's broken windows theory to evaluate whether a statistically significant relationship exists between traffic enforcement rates and public order crimes in South Carolina. Secondary data from 5 counties were acquired from the South Carolina Department of Public Safety and the South Carolina Law Enforcement Division for the time period 2008 through 2012. Statistically significant Spearman's Rho correlations were found for 4 of the 5 counties (p < .05). Though statistically significant, the correlations were weak. The findings suggest that Wilson and Kelling's theory is somewhat predictive of the relationship between the visibility of law enforcement officers and reductions in public order crimes, but may not fully explain this relationship. Even so, there is some evidence that the presence of traffic enforcement officers may reduce certain types of crime, thereby improving the quality of life for residents. Based on the findings, one important recommendation of this study is for law enforcement agencies in South Carolina to consider enhancing or expanding the use of traffic enforcement teams because of their potential value in reducing public order crimes, including a plan to conduct a follow-up evaluation of the efficacy of such a program.

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Suthiranart, Yaourai. "The transportation crisis in Bangkok : an exploratory evaluation /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10827.

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Aksakal, Baris. "Transnational Organized Crime and the Drug Business." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3271/.

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This study analyzes the activities of the organized crime groups involved in the drug business, as well as examining national and international efforts to control these groups. Specifically, this study addresses the following questions: How is organized crime connected to the international drug business?; What are the major transnational organized crime groups involved in the international drug business?; What is the nature of the drug problem as it relates to organized crime internationally?; What international cooperative law enforcement efforts currently exist to deal with organized crime and the drug business? Findings indicate that efforts to create an effective international law enforcement network are needed to meet the challenges of drug trafficking and globalized crime. To date, such efforts have largely been unsuccessful.

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Walker, Justine. "Drugs trafficking and terrorism in Central Asia : an anatomy of relationships." Thesis, St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/896.

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Schoeman, Justin. "The role culture plays in China's illicit drug/chemical foreign policy." Quantico, VA : Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA490912.

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Switzky, Joshua (Joshua Edward) 1974. "Street design, traffic, and fear of crime : moving from gated communities to transit villages." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8909.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.
"June 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-149).
The first phase of Tren Urbano, a rail rapid transit system in San Juan, Puerto Rico, is currently under construction, with future phases in the planning stages. San Juan's built landscape is presently dominated and dramatically fragmented by gated developments, which poses fundamental problems for the success of Tren Urbano. This thesis documents and explores the negative impacts of widespread gated communities on transit use and transit-conducive development, including inhibitions on the directness of pedestrian access to stations, the quality of the pedestrian realm, the ability to sustain mixed land uses (and thus the ability of transit riders to "trip-chain"), the ability to plan efficient feeder transit service, and residents' socio-geographical perspectives of their relationships to their neighborhoods, transit, and the form of the city. If there is a way to ameliorate residents' fears of crime and achieve the sought-after benefits of gated developments while facilitating more connective pedestrian-oriented transit-supportive settlement patterns, then alternative models should be understood and promoted. The extent to which measures less restrictive than gated developments in other cities have indeed mitigated fears of crime (and actual crime) and produced more neighborhood satisfaction could provide a new model for San Juan to follow, especially around Tren Urbano stations. To arrive at such an alternative model, this research asks why Sanjuaneros are attracted to gated communities and explores urban design paradigms that take a different tack at satisfying these concerns in a more connected context. Analysis of the underlying roots of fear of crime and other perceived benefits of gated communities in San Juan reveals a common denominator concern with the physical and sociological effects of auto traffic. Gated communities provide a lure of restricted access, a refuge from the auto which brings with it the perception of uncontrollable and unpredictable threats to personal security, neighborhood livability, sense of place, and community integrity. Delving into the related physical and sociological neighborhood impacts of auto traffic enables us to work from the ground up toward pedestrian-oriented alternative models of neighborhood development. Experiments with street modification and traffic calming in Chicago neighborhoods participating in the city's Community Security Infrastructure Program confirm that by altering perceptions and use parameters of street space as well as the strutucure of the street network, residents feel enhanced control of their neighborhood domain, enhanced personal and community safety, more comfortable using public space, and generally more satisfied with their neighborhood environment. Ultimately, from the Chicago experience emerges a set of street and neighborhood design principles, that address both the space of streets and the structure of movement networks. I outline a set of urban design principles that should be applied to residential neighborhoods to satisfy individual and communal reasons that make gated communities attractive, however based on highly-connective and rich pedestrian networks within a fabric that maintains the integrity of mixed uses oriented around transit. This fabric optimizes pedestrian permeability while maintaining defined neighborhoods where the flow of movement and the tone of activity is community-defined and set within the comfort zone of the residents. The five principles that facilitate these goals are: (1) Use street space to articulate a constructive and positive vision of neighborhood activity by physically expanding the pedestrian domain to encompass the street holistically; (2) Stress elements in the street realm that act as neighborhood amenities; (3) Use street elements that exude the symbolism of invitation and accommodation by serving the dual functions of traffic control and inter-neighborhood zones of exchange; (4) Optimize the pedestrian network and constrain the auto network with street design elements that recognize and take advantage of the potential overlapping duality of these networks and their respective relationships to the same built fabric; and (5) Extend the comfort and identification zone of "home" and "neighborhood" via permeation of integrated street design and careful articulation of boundaries, potentially encompassing the transit station. While Tren Urbano first needs to figure out why gated communities are so attractive to Sanjuaneros and develop an urban design model that meets these needs while satisfying the needs of pedestrians and transit, implementation of these design principles is the next challenge. Of the strategic options available, the current realities in San Juan make (1) the creation of development incentives for building along a parallel set of design guidelines and (2) sponsoring and marketing demonstration projects the most feasible and likely to succeed at the present in forging a new direction and opening the city's eyes to new options in urban living.
by Joshua Switzky.
M.C.P.

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Leggett, Ted. "Transnational trafficking and the rule of law in West Africa : a threat assessment /." Vienna : UNODC, 2009. http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/d86db66e.

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Almeida, Gallo Fernanda 1979. "As formas do crime organizado." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281284.

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Orientador: Thomas Patrick Dwyer
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Na presente tese explorou-se o Relatório da CPI do Narcotráfico como fonte de dados principal. Através do método indutivo da "Grounded Theory", pôde-se explorar, selecionar e se aprofundar na investigação de seis casos brasileiros que versavam sobre o próprio tráfico de drogas e crimes conexos que, por sua vez, levaram a um estudo sobre organizações do crime organizado. Esses seis casos foram analisados a partir da sociologia formal de Simmel que me conduziu a um estudo sobre as formas acionadas pelo crime organizado, até então inédito na Sociologia. Dentre as principais contribuições e descobertas é possível elencar 1) o uso de metodologias informacionais, como as análises de redes sociais, que permitiram a reconstrução organizacional (e das redes) acionadas pelos grupos estudados e com isso, ajudaram a alcançar um nível de abstração tal que permitiu pensar acerca dos tipos organizacionais acionados por esses grupos; 2) a descoberta do nível meso de análise alcançada através do uso de relatórios e investigações políticas; 3) a percepção sobre a existência de um terceiro tipo organizacional que transita entre as hierarquias e as redes, que denomino como híbrido. Essa tipologia foi percebida na quase totalidade dos casos estudados e, nacional e internacionalmente contextualizada, onde foram encontrados paralelos em casos chineses, canadenses, colombianos e mexicanos. Na tentativa de entender o desenvolvimento do híbrido nos casos estudados, levantei algumas hipóteses, dentre as quais destaco: as TIC¿s influenciam no desenvolvimento de organizações criminosas híbridas
Abstract: In this thesis the Drug Trafficking Report from the Brazilian parliament (lower house) Investigation Commission (CPI) is analyzed as primary data source. By using the inductive Grounded Theory methodology, I was able to explore, select and deepen the investigation into six Brazilian criminal drug trafficking cases and related crimes, resulting in a body of knowledge about the structures and organization of the organized crime. These six cases were analyzed throughout Simmel¿s "formal Sociology" lenses, resulting in a study of the forms employed by the organized crime, a novel result. Main contributions and discoveries in this thesis are: (1) the first reconstruction and abstraction of the organizational networks of Brazilian organized crime by using informational methodologies, (2) the first characterization of the organized crime networks at the analytical "meso"-level, by using a triangulation of methodologies, and (3) the identification of a third organizational class, called here hybrid - a merge between hierarchical and mesh organization. In special, the hybrid organizational type was detected in almost all cases studied and parallels were found to international cases (Chinese, Canadian, Colombian and Mexican). These parallels enabled me to postulate some hypothesis for future work, the most noteworthy relating the pervasive IT and the hybrid organizational class
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutora em Ciências Sociais

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Li, Yuexi. "The Short and Long-Run Impacts of the Financial Crisis on the Allocation of Air Passenger Traffic in Multi-Airport Regions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1563.

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As one of the most important economic sectors, the air-traveling industry was severely affected by the 2007 to 2008 financial crisis. However, the crisis did not affect entities (airports and airlines) with different market shares of passenger traffic equally. This paper implements regression models to explore key determinants of how the market shares of large entities evolve to get a better understanding of the allocation of air passenger traffic in multi-airport regions, both in the short and long-run post crisis (2009- 2015). Results from this paper show that the pre-crisis share and the traffic change on the set of routes being considered have significant effects on the change of share for large airport and airline entities in multi-airport regions. The large entities’ normalized change in share is higher if the pre-crisis share is higher an/or if total traffic fasslWe also find that low-cost carrier (LCC) large airlines gain more from the crisis than non-LCC airlines, and large airports from regions that have more than two airports have larger changes in market shares during and post crisis. In evaluating the long-term persistence of effects from the demand shock in the market, we observe that explanatory variables for airports tend to have lasting effects on the shares of large airports.

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Toghranegar, Hasan. "La politique criminelle iranienne à l'épreuve du crime organisé : l'exemple du trafic de drogue." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010279.

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Le trafic de drogue constitue la forme achevée et la manifestation la plus connue de la criminalité organisée. La lutte contre le trafic de drogue et, plus généralement, la criminalité organisée, est progressivement devenue une priorité de politique criminelle, au niveau tant national qu'international. Selon le discours dominant sur le «trafic organisé de drogue», la gravité du phénomène justifie une répression accrue et une procédure dérogatoire. L'objectif de cette thèse est de décrypter l'incrimination du trafic de drogue et les moyens mis en œuvre pour lutter contre ce phénomène criminel. Elle prône la dépénalisation du trafic de drogue.

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Halaburda, Pablo. "Terrorism base potential in the tri-border area of Latin America." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FHalaburda.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2006.
Thesis Advisor(s): Kalev Sepp. "December 2006." AD-A462 564. Includes bibliographical references (p.83-89). Also available via the World Wide Web.

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Meares, Kevin J. M. "Intrusive thoughts, crisis support and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders in adolescents involved in road traffic accidents." Thesis, Open University, 1997. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57706/.

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This study aimed to survey an adolescent sample for the prevalence of PTSD symptoms following a road traffic accident (RTA). In addition, it aimed to examine the relationship between PTSD symptoms and a number of variables which have been suggested by Rachman's (1980)emotional processing. theory to be important in the development of PTSD. Rachman's theory suggests that intrusive phenomena are indicative of emotional processing. His theory accounts for both everyday and trauma related intrusive phenomena and suggests that the same mechanisms a; c employed in both everyday and traumatic processing. This study examined the influence of controllability and affective discomfort associated with everyday intrusive thoughts on the levels of PTSD seen in adolescents involved in RTAs. In addition, other variables were assessed which were Suggested by Rachman to be indicative of successful emotional processing (e. g. social support). 34 4'r, adolescents between the age of 10 and 16, who had been involved in RTAs were asked to complete" battery of questionnaires presented in a structured interview format. Each participant completed the Impact of Events Scale (Horowitz et al., 1979), the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale Reynolds and Richmond, 1978), the Birleson depression inventory (Birleson, 1981), the Crisis Support Scale (Joseph et al., 1992) and two measures of accident related intrusive thoughts and everyday intrusive thoughts which have been adapted from previously used instruments (Salkovskis, l 985, Allsopp and Williams, 1996). A quarter of all adolescents involved in RTAs were found to Stiffer severe levels of PTSD psychopathology as measured by the IES. The experience of accident related intrusive thoughts was associated with higher levels of PTSD symptoms. Everyday 4ioughts, that were controllable and did not cause affective discomfort, were associated with lower levels of PTSD symptoms. Post-traumatic symptoms were predicted by accident severity variables such as collision speeds and degree of injury. Variables suggested by Rachman (e. g. controllability %f intrusive thoughts) were found to supplement accident severity variables. While considering the methodological problems encountered, the results of this study are discussed along with their implications for clinical practice and future research.

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Attig, Stefan. "The Organic Pattern of Space: : A Space Syntax Analysis of Natural Streets and Street Segments for Measuring Crime and Traffic Accidents." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264938.

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The natural streets model is a research prototype that has been shown to perform better than the conventional GIS-based streets segments for explaining traffic flow and human movement. However, given its experimental status, a gap in the literature was identified. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to contribute to the literature by investigating the wider applications of natural streets and observe whether a city’s spatial configuration (or structure) is related to outcomes of human behaviour and activity. In this case, the two previously unstudied outcomes were chosen: crime and traffic accidents. Taking an exploratory approach, Stockholm was chosen as the case study. Using the space syntax methodology, the street segments and natural streets connectivity was used to analyse whether accessibility or ‘potential through movement’ is associated with crime and traffic accidents. Two study areas were generated: a primary study area consisting of six nested zones and a secondary study area with hot spots and cold spots for events of crime and traffic accidents. To observe the statistical association between connectivity and events of crime and traffic accidents for natural streets and street segments, a classical regression model was used. The regression analysis showed that natural streets perform significantly better than street segments as they are better able to explain events of crime and traffic accidents. However, more so for traffic accidents. Most importantly, the topological structure or scaling characteristics of natural streets served as a better indicator for measuring human phenomena. The implication of this is that it could potentially be used to further the understanding of human activities in the context of the urban environment.

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Strandh, Veronica. "Responding to Terrorist Attacks on Rail Bound Traffic : Challenges for Inter-organizational Collaboration." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-107194.

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Contemporary terrorism is becoming increasingly indiscriminate, and rail bound traffic appears to be vulnerable and at high risk for terrorist attacks. An attack targeting a train or subway system can have enormous implications, both in terms of human suffering and long-term societal consequences. This dissertation aims to analyze how public and private organizations prepare for and respond to crises emanating from terrorism targeting rail bound traffic. It also examines different practices, networks and ideas related to interorganizational collaboration. Contemporary research emphasizes the importance and advantages of collaborative action in crisis management, and the idea of inter-organizational collaboration is also embedded in policy documents and has support among practitioners. Despite this, interorganizational collaboration often turns out to be difficult in practice, and it stands out as a critical factor in many crisis situations. Hence, it is crucial to identify and better understand the challenges associated with interorganizational collaboration in the context of terrorist-induced crises. This dissertation is a contribution to this endeavor. In order to capture the inherent complexity of the topic this dissertation combines and merges literature from three research fields: crisis management research, disaster medicine research and terrorism studies. The dissertation examines international experiences of terrorist attacks directed against rail bound traffic. It identifies the way in which attacks have changed over time and analyzes the main challenges of providing pre-hospital care following a mass-casualty attack. In addition, Sweden is used to provide empirical focus in an analysis of preparedness. Relying on scenario-based interviews with central crisis management actors and actors from rail bound traffic, current preparedness practices for responding to a multi-site terrorist attack on rail bound traffic in Sweden is analyzed. The research shows that both public and private organizations have developed risk awareness about terrorist-induced crises. However, their preparedness practices are characterized by significant variations and substantial uncertainty. Scare resources are a critical factor, and actors find it difficult to invest in preparedness for seldom-occurring crises. This difficulty is accentuated by the fact that no major mass-casualty attack has taken place in Sweden. A terrorist attack differs from a routine event and poses new and different challenges for inter-organizational collaboration. A large number of organizations are supposed to work together under severe time constraints, and their work can be delayed by particular security concerns. It is assumed that rail bound traffic actors engage in collaborative crisis management; however, there appear to be few mechanisms to prepare them, in a systematic way, for managing this particular type of crisis. Among actors, inter-organizational collaboration is understood primarily from a normative view rather than from the point of view of its practical meaning. As a consequence, it is difficult to turn risk awareness and a commitment to working together into actual practical action. In addition, collaboration between different levels in the crisis management system is particularly challenging. This dissertation also identifies a tension between viewing crisis management as an example of policy-as-usual or from a crises-as-exceptions perspective.

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Kaiser, Daniel R. "The regional response to the crisis in Colombia." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Jun%5FKaiser.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.
Thesis advisor(s): Jeanne Giraldo, Harold Trinkunas. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-83). Also available online.

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Cakir, Reha. "An unholy alliance: Case studies in narco-terrorism." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3264/.

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This study is designed both as a case study and a literature-based policy analysis to assist interested parties in gaining a better understanding of controversial “narco-terrorism” phenomenon. The objectives of this study are to show the existing connection between some terrorist organizations and drug trafficking to provide academic information about and explanations for terrorism and drug trafficking, to critically analyze the biases of many current narco-terrorism doctrines and to offer a comprehensive and neutral typology that elucidates all types of narco-terrorism. This thesis is presented in four parts. The first part includes an introduction to narco-terrorism and provides a historical background of drug dilemma and terrorism. A number of definitional and conceptual arguments constituting the backbone of the study are laid out in the second part of the study. Third part consists of case studies of three different insurgent groups. An analysis of the information uncovered and presented in previous chapters and a typology of narco-terrorism are provided in the last part. Thesis is concluded with recommendations in an attempt to inspire useful policies for individuals or institutions operating on the field.

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Rodrigues, Luis Fernando Casado. "O impacto do tráfico de vida selvagem na segurança de um país." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4903.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do grau de Licenciado em Criminologia
A criminologia cada vez mais se interessa pela criminalidade ambiental, sendo o tráfico de vida selvagem uma das maiores problemáticas desta temática. Esta atividade está muitas vezes ligada a grandes associações criminosas internacionais, especialmente no tráfico de Chifres de Rinoceronte e de Marfim. Compreender de que forma este comércio ilegal põe em causa a segurança nacional, económica, ambiental e humana de um estado e os obstáculos que as instituições internacionais enfrentem no combate a este crime, são os principais objetivos deste projeto. Pretende-se também perceber que aspetos sociais possam estar a incentivar esta atividade, através de duas perspetivas: na perspetiva dos especialistas nesta temática e na perspetiva das comunidades das regiões mais afetadas pela procura destes animais. Criminology is increasing its interest in environmental crime, in which the Wildlife illegal trade is the main concern. This activity is often connected with big international criminal groups, especially if we are talking about the Rhino horn Traffic and Ivory Traffic. Understanding how this illegal market has implications in the national, environmental, economic and human Security of a country and the obstacles that the international institutions have to face to fight this crime, are the main objectives of this project. Also it’s intended to understand the social aspects that could be promoting this activity, through two different perspectives: Firstly from the perspective of the authors and specialists of this subject and secondly from the perspective of the communities that live in the regions where the search for this animals is big.

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Sirvent, Bruno. "Le trafic d'armes à feu dans l'Union européenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0653/document.

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Le trafic d’armes à feu au sein de l’Union européenne est une menace préoccupante contre l’espace de liberté, de sécurité et de justice poussant l’Union et ses États membres à réagir afin de renforcer leur cadre juridique. Néanmoins, il est difficile d’apporter aux problématiques posées par le trafic d’armes à feu une solution légale du fait de ses caractéristiques et sa transversalité. Les stocks d’armes à feu se trouvant aux frontières de l’Union européenne sont détournés afin d’être introduit dans l’espace sans frontières par de multiples acteurs aux intérêts et motivations diverses. Ces traits de caractères rendent difficile la mise en place d’un cadre juridique harmonisé dans des domaines restant sous le joug de la souveraineté nationale. Ces difficultés ont entrainé le développement d’un cadre juridique imparfait et limité créant des failles juridiques dont les trafiquants profitent. Néanmoins, les solutions existent et sont pour certaines déjà présentes dans le cadre normatif de l’Union européenne. Cependant, l’évolution du trafic d’armes à feu et de ses acteurs conduit également à envisager le développement de nouveaux mécanismes et de nouveaux pans du droit
Firearms trafficking within the European Union is a worrying threat to the area of freedom, security and justice, prompting the Union and its Member States to react in order to strengthen their legal framework. Nevertheless, the issue of firearms is complex to legislate because of its characteristics and its cross-cutting nature. Firearm stocks at the borders of the European Union are diverted in order to be introduced into the border-free area by multiple actors with diverse interests and motivations. These characteristics make it difficult to establish a harmonised legal framework in areas that remain under the yoke of national sovereignty. These difficulties have led to the development of an imperfect and limited legal framework creating legal loopholes from which traffickers benefit. Nevertheless, solutions exist and some of them are already present in the European Union's normative framework. However, the evolution of firearms trafficking and its actors also leads us to consider the development of new mechanisms and new areas of the law

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Sanches, Raphael Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Delenda proibicionismo: apontamentos críticos ao paradigma de guerra às drogas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97587.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sanches_rr_me_assis.pdf: 1640251 bytes, checksum: fb0a7abb7340f316b00a41ab6c9f823f (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Em março de 2009, ano do centenário da existência das políticas internacionais de proibição de drogas, a 52ª Reunião da Comissão Especial de Narcóticos das Nações Unidas reiterou, para decepção de todo o bom senso, o fracassado paradigma de Guerra às Drogas como orientação geral das políticas públicas sobre drogas em nossa globalizada contemporaneidade. O objetivo da reunião, que congregou delegações de mais de 90% das nações do globo em Sessão Especial da Assembléia Geral das Nações Unidas, era avaliar o avanço nas metas do plano de ação acordado em 1998 que, pela via de um tour de force proibicionista de caráter jurídico, polícial e militar, visava erradicar ou reduzir consideravelmente os níveis mundiais de consumo e circulação de drogas ilícitas nos dez anos seguintes. Constatou-se, como era de se esperar, o absoluto fracasso em sequer limitar o avanço da disseminação das mazelas correlatas ao uso de drogas no âmbito da clandestinidade a que foi condenada essa milenar e pluricultural experiência do ser humano. A percepção do evidente desastre dessa estreita política de puritanismo guerreiro já levara, na própria Reunião de 2009, representações da União Européia, do Consórcio Internacional de Políticas sobre Drogas e da Comissão Latino-Americana de Drogas e Democracia a reunirem-se em torno da importância da adoção do enfoque da Redução de Danos como alternativa viável para redimensionar as políticas internacionais sobre a questão e oferecer base mais viável e racional para a administração da circulação dessas substâncias, bem como ao enfrentamento realista dos complexos desdobramentos na violência social e na saúde pública. Não obstante, por força da intransigência guerreira da ainda não obanizada...
In March, 2009 the International Drug prohibition existence centenary, the UN 52nd Special Narcotics Meeting reiterated, for the common sense disappointment, the failed war on drugs paradigm as a general guide to public policies on drugs in our contemporary globalized society. The meeting‗s purpose, which brought together delegations from more than 90% of globe‗s nations in the Special Session of UN General Assembly, was to evaluate the progress on the action plan targets agreed in 1998 which, through a juridical, police and military tour de force prohibitionist, aimed to eradicate or substantially reduce the global levels of consumption and circulation of illicit drugs in the next ten years. It was noted, as it was expected, the absolute failure to limit the advance of the spread of correlated misfortunes to drug use as part of the unlawful whereby ancient and multicultural human being experience was condemned. The perception of the apparent disaster of this narrow policy of Puritanism warrior has led, in the meeting of 2009 itself, representatives of the Union European, International Consortium on Drug Policy and Latin American Commission on Drugs and Democracy to gather aroundthe importance of the Harm Reduction‗s adopted focus as a viable alternative to resize international policies on the issue and offer more viable and rational basis for the administration of these substances circulation, as well as to realistically confront the complex developments in social violence and public health. Nevertheless, under the US warrior‗s intransigence delegation, the guidelines adopted at the end of the meeting reaffirmed the uncompromising tone of the policy to combat drugs in recent decades... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Holst, Maximilian. "Essays on Public Policies in Mexico: Pollution, Employment and Drug Crime." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565782.

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This doctoral thesis talks about the importance of the analysis and evaluation of public policies. The case of Mexico is used to illustrate this importance of this stage during the policy making process. The first policy to be analyzed is the implementation of the bus rapid transit (BRT) network in Mexico City. This policy was introduced to reduce congestion, increase city transport efficiency and cut air polluting emissions. In June 2005, the first BRT line in the metropolitan area began service. I use the differences-in-differences technique to make the first quantitative assessment of the policy impact of a BRT system on air polluting emissions. Results show that BRT constitutes an effective environmental policy, reducing emissions of CO, NOX, and PM10. The second policy analyzed here was implemented during the administration of Mexican President Felipe Calderón, who took office in December 2006. From the outset, his government deployed an aggressive security policy to fight drug trafficking organizations, in what became known as the ‘Mexican Drug War’. In this article, I study the effects of the rise in the homicide rate and changes in the military budget on economic growth. Using dynamic panel data econometrics, I find that while the growth in the number of homicides had negative and significant effects on state GDP growth, state military expenditure aimed at fighting drug trafficking had a positive and significant effect on the per capita economic growth rate. The third policy that is evaluated here is from 2012. The Mexican government reformed its minimum wage territorial policy and reduced the previous three minimum wage areas to only two. The minimum wage in the area that disappeared was increased to be on a par with that fixed for the area with the highest minimum wage. The results from this natural experiment show that the increase of minimum wages in these territories resulted in a reduction in employment, above all among male workers employed in the formal labor market. Finally, public policy recommendations are made and future research lines are proposed as logical next steps given the results of the evaluations made throughout this thesis.

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Colombié, Thierry. "Grand banditisme et trafic de drogues en France : analyse stratégique des organisations criminelles." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0151.

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À partir de l’étude du trafic d’héroïne en France (French Connection, 1935-1985), la recherche a pour objectif de mettre en évidence l'organisation du crime organisé français, plus connu sous l'appellation de « grand banditisme ». L’étude de la French Connection n'a pas été choisie au hasard : comme en Italie et aux Etats-Unis, le commerce illicite d'héroïne fut le principal facteur constitutif des organisations criminelles. A l'aide des sources d'informations officielles, la première partie de la thèse s'attache à décrire l'évolution de l’organisation du trafic d'héroïne, depuis la France jusqu'aux Etats-Unis. À partir d'entretiens avec des acteurs du grand banditisme, la seconde partie révèle une typologie inédite des équipes de trafiquants, décrit les phénomènes d'entente et d'alliance au niveau du marché international de l’héroïne et l’existence d'entreprises transnationales. Sous l'angle de l'économie industrielle, la recherche présente deux nouveaux concepts théoriques du crime organisé en France : la firme trafiquante, dont les acteurs poursuivent l'objectif d'échapper à la répression et mettent en place des stratégies; et la coterie trafiquante, pôle d’excellence constitué d'acteurs du Milieu et d'individus de la sphère légale
From the study of the heroin trafficking in France (French Connection, 1935-1985), this research brings to light the French’s organized crime, usually named «grand banditisme ». The French Connection’s study is not an accident: as in Italy and in the United States, the heroin trade has been the most efficient way of expansion for criminal organizations. Based on official data, the first part of this thesis describes the evolution and the organization of the heroin trade, from France to United States. The second part endeavor to better understand what is called « grand banditisme » through interviews of their operators. We manage to do a new typology of drug dealers, describing alliance and agreements between transnational firms involved in the drug market. From a theoretical approach stemmed from industrial economics, this thesis introduces two news concepts: the "trafficker" firm, within which operators have to escape from law enforcement policies by specific strategies; and the "trafficker" coterie, pole leader in which actors of french criminal world, named "Milieu", are associated with individuals of legal spheres

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Teixeira, Alessandra. "Construir a delinquência, articular a criminalidade: um estudo sobre a gestão dos ilegalismos na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-14092012-091625/.

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O objeto deste estudo situa-se no campo poroso das práticas ilícitas e sua repressão, no contexto da cidade de São Paulo, a partir da década de 30 do século XX. Através da categoria de análise ilegalismo e sua gestão diferenciada, investigou-se de que maneira práticas de controle social remotas e prolongadas, marcadas pelo arbítrio policial e pela desativação seletiva da lei, como as detenções correcionais, conectaram-se a economias criminais urbanas que, até meados da década de 60, se estabeleceram sobretudo em torno da prostituição, bem como estiveram implicadas em seu declínio. As detenções correcionais, enquanto modos de se imiscuir nas atividades criminais pelas forças policiais, associadas ainda a padrões exagerados de violência institucional, se revelaram cruciais à emergência da delinquência urbana, na década de 70, como fenômeno atinente à criminalidade patrimonial de massa, difusa, de rua. Já nos anos 90, a consolidação de uma nova economia criminal urbana, o comércio varejista de drogas ilícitas, ao lado do intenso recrutamento daquela criminalidade avulsa e patrimonial à prisão, contribuiu à emergência de um fenômeno atribuído neste trabalho como articulação da criminalidade, para o qual, uma vez mais, a gestão dos ilegalismos, em uma renovada versão, desempenha um papel central. Por último, a fim de retratar a dinâmica mais atual da gestão do crime ordinário na cidade, este estudo analisou dados estatísticos sobre as prisões em flagrante na cidade, na tentativa de estabelecer uma espécie de cartografia do crime urbano e sua gestão. Ainda nessa perspectiva, buscou-se recompor, a partir das trajetórias de adolescentes envolvidos na base da estratificação social do crime, do articulado e disciplinar tráfico de drogas ao avulso e violento roubo, as lógicas acionadas à manutenção e reprodução dos mercados criminais urbanos, os renovados papéis desempenhados na trama dos ilegalismos, anunciando-se, por derradeiro, mudanças na divisão do trabalho policial que tendem a acentuar a militarização como princípio organizador não apenas da gestão desses ilegalismos, mas das formas mais contemporâneas de governamentalidade.
The object of this study is located in the fluid field of the illicit acts and their repression, in the context of São Paulo City, starting at the years 30 of the Twentieth Century. Through the illegalism analysis category and its distinguished management, the investigation was focused on how remote and long lasting social control practices, marked by Police discretion and by the selective desactivation of the Law, as in corrective arrests, got linked to the urban criminal economies, which up to the middle of the sixties established themselves mostly around prostitution, as well as took part on its decline. The corrective arrests, as ways of intervenience of the Police force on criminal activities, associated with exaggerated patterns of institutional violence, showed themselves crutial to the rising of urban delinquency in the seventies, as an event related to the patrimonial mass criminality, diffuse, street type. As for the nineties, the consolidation of a new urban crime economy, the retail commerce of illicit drugs, together with the intense recruiting of that isolated and patrimonial criminality to jail, has contributed to the surge of a phenomenon qualified in this work as articulation of the criminality, for which, once more, the management of the illegalism, in a new version, performs a main role. Last, in order to focus the most recent dynamics of common crime management in the city, this study analyzed statistic data on prisons in the very act, in the city, in an attempt to establish a certain cartography of the urban crime and its management. Still under this perspective, it was aimed to retrace, taking as departing point the trajectories of teenagers enrolled at the basis of the social stratum of crime, from the well organized and disciplinary drug traffic, to the isolated and violent robbery, the logic connected to the maintenance and reproduction of the urban crime market, the renewed roles performed in the web of the illegalities, announcing, at last, changes in the division of the Police work which tend to increase militarization as the organizing principle not just of the management of these illegalisms, but also of the more contemporary ways of governmentality.

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Lalam, Nacer. "Déterminants et analyse économique de l'offre de drogues illicites en France." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010058.

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Cette thèse analyse l'offre de drogues illicites en France au cours des vingt dernières années. L'objet est d'examiner les déterminants économiques, sociaux et institutionnels susceptibles d'expliquer l'accroissement de l'offre. L'étude des filières montre qu'en amont, les marchés de gros sont caractérisés par un oligopole réticulaire et qu'en aval, les marchés de détail prennent la forme d'un monopole local. Le cadre théorique de l'économie industrielle [S-C-P] permet de rendre compte de l'apprentissage organisationnel perceptible à travers la capacité des trafiquants à échapper à la répression et à élaborer des routines d'approvisionnement. En s'attachant au comportement individuel du trafiquant, il s'avère que l'économie du crime fournit une analyse partiellement valide. En effet, la rationalité limitée des agents, les phénomènes collectifs et les processus d'imitation ne sont pas pris en compte. Dès lors, deux logiques encastrées dans le social sont proposées: la logique d'insertion des populations exclues pour qui le trafic s'inscrit dans la satisfaction de besoins essentiels et la logique d'accumulation qui met en avant les comportements opportunistes des agents désireux d'acquérir ou d'accroître leur patrimoine. La politique répressive se heurte à quelques contradictions. Lorsqu'elle concerne les maillons élevés de la filière, elle tend à agir comme une mesure anti-trust et dissémine le trafic. A contrario, lorsqu'elle s'oriente vers les marchés de détail, elle peut exercer un filtre sélectif et faire émerger un monopole. En conséquence, la légalisation peut constituer une alternative possible aux dilemmes de la répression; or, ce choix réglementaire est traversé par de nombreuses controverses concernant tant la santé publique, l'ordre public que les relations internationales. Enfin, nous nous interrogeons sur la politique de l'emploi comme outil de prévention, particulièrement 1orsqu'elle permet de diminuer les risques d'exclusion de chômeurs vulnérables.

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Castro, Oliva Jesus Francisco. "La sécurité au Mexique : échec d'une fonction régalienne de l'Etat." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD005/document.

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Après la déclaration de guerre du président mexicain de la période 2006-2012 contre le narcotrafic, l’Etat s’est vu confronté à une véritable crise de sécurité. L’Etat ne disposait pas des moyens techniques personnels et législatifs pour faire face au crime organisé, ce qui provoqua des affrontements violents sur tout le territoire national, affectant la population. Suite à l’échec des structures chargées de garantir la sécurité, le Mexique cherche à redéfinir sa politique en matière de sécurité intérieure. Le cadre des compétences des autorités des trois niveaux de la structure mexicaine et les lois actuelles en matière de sécurité complexifient la problématique. Pourquoi l’Etat mexicain a t’il été incapable de garantir la sécurité de sa population et de maîtriser son territoire dans certaines régions ? L’objectif principal de cette thèse est d’analyser le cadre juridique opérationnel et institutionnel du Mexique et contribuer ainsi à la création d’un système de sécurité innovant, efficace et permanent ; en d’autres termes, un système de sécurité qui articule au mieux les différents niveaux de la structure législative et institutionnelle mexicaine
After the Mexican President for the period 2006-2012 declared war against drug trafficking, the State faced a severe security crisis

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Guez, Sabine. "Une anthropologie de l'ordinaire du trafic de drogue à Ciudad Juarez (Mexique) et El Paso (Etats-Unis)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0715.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse à l’ordinaire du trafic de drogue à Ciudad Juárez-El Paso et se donne un double objectif. Comprendre le phénomène de compénétration du trafic de drogue et d’un espace social frontalier dans sa profondeur historique, décrire cette compénétration au ras du sol, au présent. Cette recherche propose d'examiner le trafic de drogue en tant que champ de relations sociales complexes par le biais desquelles il perdure et se transforme. Elle tente d’épouser cette complexité en croisant les points de vue de personnages. L’analyse qui porte principalement sur trois moments charnières – les années 1930, 1980 et 2000 – s’efforce de nouer en un récit trois fils, trois histoires qui s’éclairent les unes les autres. Le premier fil est l’histoire régionale du trafic de drogue. La thèse met en relief le rôle de l'État mexicain comme fer de lance du mouvement social de légitimation du narcotrafic. Il traça le chemin : instrumentaliser cette manne était possible ; il sema cette idée – via l'exemple et la contrainte – qu'il était rationnel de tirer son parti du crime. La seconde histoire incorporée dans la trame du récit est celle, individuelle, d’une multitude de protagonistes. D’un portrait à l’autre, les points de vue de mes interlocuteurs produisent une manière d’histoire orale à plusieurs voix et commencent d’éclairer un même moment historique, en actes. La thèse revient aussi sur le conflit armé qui fit plus de 10 000 morts à Ciudad Juárez entre 2008 et 2011. L’histoire de cette enquête, une ethnographie de la vie quotidienne en temps de guerre contre les drogues, jalonnée d’expériences de savoir dialogique et de surprises, est le troisième fil conducteur du récit
This thesis, about the ordinariness of drug trafficking in Ciudad Juárez–El Paso, aims to understand the phenomenon of the interpenetration of drug trafficking with a border region in all its historical depth, and to describe this interpenetration at ground level, in daily life. This research proposes to study drug trafficking as a field of complex social relationships by means of which this trade endures and evolves. It seeks to embrace this complexity by espousing the points of view of characters. The analysis, which focuses mainly on three key moments – the 1930s, the 1980s, the 2000s –, endeavours to weave together into one narrative three threads, three stories that enlighten one another. The first thread pertains to the regional history of drug trafficking. The thesis throws into relief the role of the Mexican state as spearheading the social movement of legitimization of drug trafficking. The state laid the groundwork and planted the seeds of the idea that to instrumentalize this windfall of resources (for public use and/or personal gain) was possible; to profit from crime was rational. The second thread sewn into the narrative is the individual history of a multitude of protagonists. From one portrait to another, the points of view of my interlocutors produce a kind of oral history with multiple voices, and begin to shed light on a given historical moment, through personal actions. The thesis also revisits the armed conflict in which over 10,000 people died in Ciudad Juárez between 2008 and 2011. The story of this ethnographic investigation – a process of knowing that is existential, relational and intersubjective – is the third thread braided into the narrative

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Santiago, Neto João Pedro de. "Riscos e perigos: um estudo sobre os conflitos cotidianos dos agenciadores do tráfico de drogas ilícitas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/24616.

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SANTIAGO NETO, João Pedro de. Riscos e perigos: um estudo sobre os conflitos cotidianos dos agenciadores do tráfico de drogas ilícitas. 2014. 133f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2014.
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This dissertation is to develop an objective analysis of the phenomenon of drug trafficking from the ethnographic understanding of the meanings of situations experienced by individuals who practice the trade / crack /, marijuana and cocaine in Fortaleza, Ceará. We intend to analyze the information obtained during eight months of / interaction / with youth involved in various practices / deviant / (Becker, 2008). Based on ethnographic records on everyday streets, squares, alleys and peripheral land the city we seek to understand the logic that permeate the inherent dynamics of the drug trade conflicts. For this, situations that help to understand the views of practitioners of retail drug will be presented. It is noteworthy reports of traffickers on gains, threats and dilemmas experienced in the context of socially reprehensible practices. The ethnographic data express and reflect the ways they relate different logics of action in the landscape of trafficking. In this sense, we present some of the strategies of trafficking, such as assaults and cover-up of negotiations with the police, which were aimed at the dribble of punitive measures and strengthening / deviant / practices.
Esta dissertação tem como intuito desenvolver uma análise sobre o fenômeno do tráfico de drogas a partir da compreensão etnográfica sobre as significações das situações vivenciadas por indivíduos que praticam o comércio de/crack/, maconha e cocaína em Fortaleza, Ceará. Pretende-se analisar as informações obtidas durante oito meses de /interação/ com jovens envolvidos em diversas práticas /desviantes/ (Becker, 2008). Baseado nos registros etnográficos sobre o cotidiano de ruas, praças, becos e terrenos periféricos da cidade busca-se entender as lógicas que permeiam os conflitos inerentes à dinâmica do comércio de drogas. Para isso, serão apresentadas situações que ajudam a compreender os pontos de vista dos praticantes do comércio varejista de drogas. Ressalta-se os relatos de traficantes sobre os ganhos, ameaças e dilemas vivenciados no contexto de práticas socialmente condenáveis. Os dados etnográficos expressam e traduzem as maneiras como se relacionam diferentes lógicas de atuação na paisagem do tráfico. Neste sentido, serão apresentadas algumas das estratégias do tráfico, como acobertamento de investidas e negociações com a polícia, que tiveram como objetivo o drible das medidas punitivas e o fortalecimento das práticas/desviantes/.

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Sanches, Raphael Rodrigues. "Delenda proibicionismo : apontamentos críticos ao paradigma de guerra às drogas /." Assis : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97587.

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Orientador: Luiz Carlos da Rocha
Banca: José Sterza Justo
Banca: Sylvia Leser de Mello
Resumo: Em março de 2009, ano do centenário da existência das políticas internacionais de proibição de drogas, a 52ª Reunião da Comissão Especial de Narcóticos das Nações Unidas reiterou, para decepção de todo o bom senso, o fracassado paradigma de Guerra às Drogas como orientação geral das políticas públicas sobre drogas em nossa globalizada contemporaneidade. O objetivo da reunião, que congregou delegações de mais de 90% das nações do globo em Sessão Especial da Assembléia Geral das Nações Unidas, era avaliar o avanço nas metas do plano de ação acordado em 1998 que, pela via de um tour de force proibicionista de caráter jurídico, polícial e militar, visava erradicar ou reduzir consideravelmente os níveis mundiais de consumo e circulação de drogas ilícitas nos dez anos seguintes. Constatou-se, como era de se esperar, o absoluto fracasso em sequer limitar o avanço da disseminação das mazelas correlatas ao uso de drogas no âmbito da clandestinidade a que foi condenada essa milenar e pluricultural experiência do ser humano. A percepção do evidente desastre dessa estreita política de puritanismo guerreiro já levara, na própria Reunião de 2009, representações da União Européia, do Consórcio Internacional de Políticas sobre Drogas e da Comissão Latino-Americana de Drogas e Democracia a reunirem-se em torno da importância da adoção do enfoque da Redução de Danos como alternativa viável para redimensionar as políticas internacionais sobre a questão e oferecer base mais viável e racional para a administração da circulação dessas substâncias, bem como ao enfrentamento realista dos complexos desdobramentos na violência social e na saúde pública. Não obstante, por força da intransigência guerreira da ainda não obanizada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In March, 2009 the International Drug prohibition existence centenary, the UN 52nd Special Narcotics Meeting reiterated, for the common sense disappointment, the failed "war on drugs" paradigm as a general guide to public policies on drugs in our contemporary globalized society. The meeting‗s purpose, which brought together delegations from more than 90% of globe‗s nations in the Special Session of UN General Assembly, was to evaluate the progress on the action plan targets agreed in 1998 which, through a juridical, police and military tour de force prohibitionist, aimed to eradicate or substantially reduce the global levels of consumption and circulation of illicit drugs in the next ten years. It was noted, as it was expected, the absolute failure to limit the advance of the spread of correlated misfortunes to drug use as part of the unlawful whereby ancient and multicultural human being experience was condemned. The perception of the apparent disaster of this narrow policy of Puritanism warrior has led, in the meeting of 2009 itself, representatives of the Union European, International Consortium on Drug Policy and Latin American Commission on Drugs and Democracy to gather aroundthe importance of the Harm Reduction‗s adopted focus as a viable alternative to resize international policies on the issue and offer more viable and rational basis for the administration of these substances circulation, as well as to realistically confront the complex developments in social violence and public health. Nevertheless, under the US warrior‗s intransigence delegation, the guidelines adopted at the end of the meeting reaffirmed the uncompromising tone of the policy to combat drugs in recent decades... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Lisboa, Lucivânia de Oliveira. "Representações de gestores e profissionais sobre o trabalho da rede de enfrentamento ao tráfico de pessoas com fins de exploração sexual em Sergipe." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2015. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6204.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Human traffic has been taken in a huge proportion in the last few decades, driven forward by socio economic inequality including all the kinds of race/ ethnicity, becoming an important point of the happening called "Human Traffic". This genres approaching research, is focused on analyze the actions of the managers and professionals about the work of the `Rede de EnfrentamentoaoTrafico de Pessoas para fins de exploração Sexual de Sergipe´, pointing trend and challenges daily faced. It´s based on the historical- dialectic which tries to comprehend the human traffic to the sexual exploring beyond this phenomenalistic expression, showing the particular and universal aspects in addition to some specificities of the object. Were used different information sources like: bibliographies, documents, oral sources by the semi-structured interviews with women, managers and professionals of the executing agencies, promotion areas and accountable defense. The result points besides others issues, the fragility and lack of ability inside of the management in actions in the department area, lack of communication between different opinions, hierarchy of services , none knowledge of the legislation and studies about the occurrence.
O tráfico de seres humanos vem assumindo proporções gigantescas nas últimas décadas, impulsionado pelas desigualdades socioeconômicas, aliadas as de gênero raça/etnia, questões estruturantes do fenômeno tráfico de pessoas. A presente pesquisa,sob a abordagem de gênero, objetiva analisar as representações de gestores e profissionais sobre o trabalho da Rede de Enfrentamento do Tráfico de Pessoas para fins de Exploração Sexual em Sergipe, apontando tendências e desafios enfrentados no cotidiano. Norteia-se pelo método histórico-dialético, o qual busca compreender a questão do Tráfico de Pessoas para fins de Exploração Sexual para além da sua expressãofenomênica, destacando os aspectossingulares e universais, bem como as particularidades do objeto. Foram utilizadas diferentes fontes de informação: bibliografias, documentos, fontes orais por meio da entrevista semiestruturada com mulheres e homens gestores e profissionais das instituições executoras, nos eixos de Promoção, Defesa e responsabilização. Os resultados evidenciam, entre outras questões, a existência de fragilidade/desarticulação da gestão intersetorial nas ações e instâncias das secretarias, falta de comunicação entre diferentes políticas, hierarquização dos serviços, desconhecimento sobre a legislação e estudos sobre o fenômeno.

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Ordoñez, Martinez Gustavo Eduardo. "Reconversion des doctrines militaires de lutte contre la subversion dans le cadre de la lutte contre le crime organisé transnational en Amérique Latine : ruptures et continuités." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU10006/document.

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Dans un contexte marqué par l’impunité persistante d’une puissante criminalité organisée alimentée, entre autres, par le narcotrafic, ainsi que par une crise de légitimité et d’efficacité des forces de police, il existe une tendance, dans un grand nombre de pays d’Amérique latine, et plus particulièrement au Mexique et en Colombie, à affecter des forces militaires à des tâches de police. Au nom de la défense de la « Sécurité nationale », les forces armées latino-américaines sont ainsi déployées sur leur territoire national pour lutter contre le crime organisé et une de ses formes spécifiques qu’est le narcotrafic. Si les forces terrestres sont les plus mobilisées, elles ne sont pas les seules à être engagées dans ces missions de « sécurité nationale ». En effet, tant au Mexique qu’en Colombie, la Marine de guerre joue un rôle décisif dans la mise en œuvre d’opérations contre le narcotrafic. Elle doit ainsi, apprendre à se coordonner avec les forces de sécurité publique qui détiennent, en théorie, la primauté opérationnelle. Cette interprétation imprécise de la notion de « sécurité » a entraîné une confusion qui empêche de circonscrire avec précision les contours de la sécurité nationale et, par conséquent, de déterminer les différences entre « Défense » et « sécurité intérieure ». Ainsi, dans la pensée latino-américaine, la sécurité nationale fait-elle allusion à la sécurité et à la défense de la structure même de l’Etat qui seraient remises en question par des phénomènes comme la subversion, le terrorisme, le narcotrafic et la délinquance organisée. À l’heure actuelle, les cadres juridiques comme doctrinaux des forces armées latino-américaines prévoient différents types de missions, et ce, selon les caractéristiques de chaque pays : la défense du territoire face à un ennemi extérieur, la protection des infrastructures stratégiques, les opérations contre le narcotrafic et l’éradication des cultures illégales. Et c’est précisément sur ce type de missions, qui fait l’objet de nombreux débats à l’heure actuelle, que porte le présent travail de recherche afin de comprendre sous quelles modalités se base l’élaboration du cadre normatif et opérationnel de ladite « doctrine de la sécurité nationale »
In a context of widespread powerful organized crime and drug trafficking groups, as well as illegitimate police forces, there is a general tendency in Latin America, particularly in Mexico and Colombia, to assign military personnel to policing tasks. In the name of the “National Security”, Latin American armed forces are now deployed in their national territory to fight organized crime and drug trafficking. While the ground forces are the most mobilized, they are not the only ones engaged in these internal-security missions. In Mexico and Colombia, the Navy also plays a decisive role in the implementation of counter-narcotic operations and must coordinate with the public security forces which, in theory, hold operational primacy. This imprecise interpretation of the concept of "security" has led to confusion that makes it difficult to clearly conceptualize the outlines of the national security, and thus, the differences between “Defense” and “internal security”. Latin American internal order means the security and defense of the State, which is threatened by phenomena such as subversion, terrorism, drug trafficking and organized crime. However, each country has a different concepts of internal order and different levels of intervention by the armed forces such as : the defense of the territory against an external enemy, the protection of strategic infrastructures and counter-narcotics operations and eradication of illicit crops, in which this research work is concentrated to understand the continuity of the missions of the armed forces within the framework of the said national security doctrine

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Martin, Gérard. "Quand le trafic de cocaïne est arrivé à Medellín : réseaux mafieux, violences et politiques de sécurité (1975-2014)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0140.

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L'auteur étudie les phénomènes de violence à Medellin sur une période de quatre décennies (1975-2014), pendant laquelle la ville a connu 90 000 assassinats. Il explique comment, sous l'effet des dynamiques et interférences du trafic de cocaïne, la ville est arrivée à une situation aussi extrême, avant de retrouver une certaine normalité. Il montre que cette tragédie se laisse peu expliquer par la précédente période de violence (1948-1963, connue comme La Violencia) ; qu'ils résulte non plus des seuls acteurs se réclamant d'une orientation politique (guérillas, organisations paramilitaires), ni des processus de développement urbain peu régulé ou des graves conditions de pauvreté et exclusion. Par contre, l'auteur mets en évidence le rôle majeur joué par l'économie de la drogue et ses "réseaux" criminels. A travers des descriptions analytiques solidement documentées ce travail offre une description minutieuse du pouvoir que les trafiquants de cocaïne arrivent à exercer durant toute cette période sur la société locale et une grand partie de la Colombie. L'ouvrage compte 22 chapitres, distribuées en sept parties chronologiques: (1) la perte de contrôle progressive des élites sur la ville (années 1970 et 1980); (2) la mise en place des réseaux mafieux avec l'arrivée de la cocaïne, y inclut la carrière criminelle de Pablo Escobar; (3) la période de terreur qui s'empare de la ville dans les années 1980 et 1990 et la prolifération des bandes, des milices et des sicaires qui l’accompagne; (4) les réactions de différents secteurs de la société civile et les contre-réactions violentes des réseaux criminels ; (5) l’endurcissement du conflit armé ; (6) la démobilisation paramilitaire, les nouvelles politiques de sécurité (2002-2008), les reformes urbaines et la place donnée aux victimes; (7) les reconfigurations de la criminalité (avec une nouvelle hausse des meurtres) et des tentatives de réponse apportées par les pouvoirs publics et certains secteurs de la société civile, et la mise en scène des victimes (2005-2014). Dans la conclusion, l'auteur ouvre de nombreuses pistes de réflexion
The author analyses the violent phenomena that during four decades (1975-2014) effected the city of Medellin (Colombia), a period during which the city experienced 90 000 murders. The author shows that this period of violence can hardly be explained as the continuity of an earlier one (1948-1963, known as La Violencia). It can also not be understood as the mere product of guerrilla, paramilitary and other violent illegal organizations, which claim political motives, or as the direct result of weakly regulated urban development and problems of poverty and exclusion. Rather, as the author shows, a major role is reserved for the extensive criminal networks of cocaine traffickers and the interferences they engage in. Thru solidly documented analytical descriptions this study offers a detailed panorama of the power these networks were able to impose on the local society and a large part of the country. The 22 chapters of this dissertation are chronologically ordered into seven parts: the progressive loss of local elites over the city; the imposition of criminal networks, including the criminal career of Pablo Escobar and his gang; the city in the grip of terror, gangs, militias, and hit killers; civil society reactions and the counter actions taken by criminal networks; the hardening of the armed conflict; paramilitary demobilization, new national security policies, audacious urban policies, and increased recognition of the victims; criminal reconfigurations (and a new wave of murders) and the reactions provided by the government, the local administration and certain civil society organizations. The conclusion offers numerous reflections

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Dostál, Otto. "Právní aspekty boje proti počítačové trestné činnosti." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-433079.

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The thesis deals with the topic of computer crime. Foremost, it demonstrates on an example of the operation of a medical image information processing system some selected aspects of this issue. It shows that it is always necessary to monitor the current state of the technical knowledge at the time, but also the need of addressing the issue within the corresponding legal limits. The thesis presents criminal law reality as a complex system. The links between different parts of the system are examined, and possible shortcomings are considered. The legal instruments and legal limits of the procedures that can be used against cybercrime are evaluated. The thesis focuses especially on the issue of obtaining evidence under the Czech Criminal Procedure Code. It presents a proposal on how to understand individual procedural legal institutes and for what purposes and how to use them. Consequently it suggests legal procedures for specific selected practical situations.

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Villegas, Santiago Diana Milena. "L’ordre juridique mafieux : étude à partir du cas de l’organisation criminelle colombienne des années 1980 et 1990." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020059.

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Le pluralisme juridique relativise le monopole étatique dans la production normative, en laissant aux autres groupes sociaux la possibilité de créer du droit. La mafia en tant qu’organisation soumise à des règles qui lui sont propres représente un véritable ordre juridique qui entre en contradiction avec la légalité et la structure de tout l’ordre juridique étatique. Il paraît difficile, au premier abord, de considérer la mafia comme un ordre juridique, car elle s’oppose aux critères étatiques et juridiques traditionnels. En effet, les analyses en matière de pluralisme font rarement le lien entre le pluralisme juridique et les systèmes violents, arbitraires et illégaux. Cependant, d’un point de vue sociojuridique, il est possible d’envisager le pluralisme juridique à partir de l’analyse du phénomène mafieux. Cette hypothèse explore la relation entre divers ordres (étatique, mafieux et communautaire) de nature contradictoire et dans un contexte violent.L’organisation criminelle du trafic de drogue en Colombie durant les années 1980 et 1990 sert de base à la réflexion. Cet exemple est riche d’enseignements du fait de l’imbrication des intérêts des narcotrafiquants, de l’État et des classes sociales. Ce travail de recherche explore ainsi la mafia pensée et vécue comme un ordre juridique sui generis à caractère contre-étatique, possédant une force normative sans limites
The legal pluralism relativises the state’s monopoly to create norms by taking into consideration the possibility that different social groups contribute to the production of law. The mafia and its rules can form a legal order in contradiction with the legality and the structure of the state legal order. It seems difficult to consider the mafia as a legal order because it is in contradiction with the traditional legal and state criteria. Indeed, the analysis of legal pluralism rarely does this link between legal pluralism and violent, arbitrary and illegal systems. However, from a socio-legal perspective, it is absolutely possible to affirm a sort of legal pluralism issued from the mafia phenomenon. This hypothesis explores, in a violent context, the contradictory relation between different kinds of orders, such as State, mafia and community order.In order to analyse this issue, the Colombian drugs traffic between the 80’s and 90’s shows a specific legal culture and legal consciousness, which in a specific context reveals interesting characteristics for a socio-legal study. The mafia and its multiple networks can infiltrate the legal culture of the regions where it acts, and sometimes, its actions and operations may be intertwined with the State and other legal actors. In this sense, it is appropriate to consider a mixed legal system, where the legal and illegal co-exist; and where the mafia, popular and state law became a "mélange" as a product of the interaction between the different legal systems as well as a product of the porosity existing between all the legal systems. This research explores the mafia, in real life and in theory, as a sui generis legal order that has a normative force without limits

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Rocha, Andréa Pires [UNESP]. "Trajetórias de adolescentes apreendidos como mulas do transporte de drogas na região da fronteira (Paraná) Brasil - Paraguai: exploração de força de trabalho e criminalização da pobreza." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106123.

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O objetivo da presente tese foi analisar as trajetórias e contradições que determinam o cotidiano de adolescentes que são explorados como ‘mulas’ na rota internacional do tráfico de drogas existente no Estado do Paraná, região de fronteira entre Brasil – Paraguai. O estudo se mostrou pertinente por conta das evidências de que as rodovias paranaenses são utilizadas como rota para o tráfico de drogas internacional proveniente do Paraguai, tendo em vista que este país fornece cerca 80% da maconha utilizada no Brasil. Neste sentido, buscamos entender um pouco sobre o funcionamento do tráfico de drogas conhecido como “formiguinha” numa região de fronteira e, principalmente, como se dá a exploração da força de trabalho de adolescentes nesta atividade. Consideramos as drogas (lícitas ou ilícitas) como mercadorias que dependem de processos de trabalho para sua produção, distribuição e circulação explorando mais-valia do trabalho humano. Observamos que a proibição do uso destas substâncias agrega valor ao seu mercado e inaugura relações regidas pela violência. Construímos uma metodologia pautada em revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo. A revisão bibliografia aparece, principalmente, no primeiro, segundo e em parte do terceiro capítulo. Nos dois primeiros discutimos temas como o proibicionismo, a criminalização da pobreza, o entendimento do narcotráfico como um negócio lucrativo em meio das relações contemporâneas. Resgatamos um pouco da história do Paraná, apontando que o crescimento do agronegócio impulsionou a construção da extensa malha rodoviária do estado, a qual é também utilizada para o escoamento de drogas. Problematizamos a questão da fronteira, pois o estado tem sido considerado território propício para redes criminosas que vinculam legalidade e ilegalidade para a movimentação do narcotráfico...
The objective of the present thesis was to analyze the trajectories and contradictions which determine the everyday of teenagers that are exploited in the international route of the drug traffic existent in the State of Paraná, border region between Brazil – Paraguay. The study has shown itself pertinent on account of the evidences that the highways of Paraná are utilized as route for the international drug traffic coming from Paraguay, given that this country provides around 80% of the marijuana utilized in Brazil. In this sense, we seek to understand the running of the drug traffic known as “little ant” in a border region and, mainly, how the labour force exploitation is given in this activity. We considered the drugs (licit or illicit) as merchandises that depend on work processes for their production, distribution, and circulation, exploiting surplus value of the human labour. We observed that the prohibition of the use of these substances aggregates value to their market and inaugurates rigid relations by violence. We build a methodology grounded in bibliographic revision, documental research and camp research. The bibliographic revision appears in the first and in the second chapter, in which themes such as the prohibitionism, poverty criminalization, the understanding of the drug trafficking as a profitable business amid the contemporary relations are discussed. We rescued some of the history of Paraná, pointing that the growth of agribusiness propelled the construction of the state’s extensive highway network, which is also utilized for the drug outflow. We problematized the border issue, because the state has been considered propitious territory for the criminal networks that bind legality and illegality for the movement of the drug trafficking. Now the two last chapters were grounded essentially in the camp research... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
El objetivo de esta tesis fue analizar las trayectorias y las contradicciones que determinan la vida diaria de los adolescentes que son explotados como mulas en la ruta internacional de tráfico de drogas que existe en el Estado de Paraná, la región fronteriza entre Brasil - Paraguay. El estudio demostró ser relevante debido a la evidencia de que las carreteras paranaenses son utilizadas como ruta para el tráfico internacional de drogas desde Paraguay, teniendo en cuenta que este país proporciona alrededor del 80% de la marihuana utilizada en Brasil. En este sentido, tratamos de entender un poco sobre el funcionamiento del narcotráfico conocido como hormiga en la región fronteriza y, sobre todo, cómo acontece la explotación de la fuerza de trabajo de los adolescentes en esta actividad. Consideramos que las drogas (legales o ilegales) son mercancías que dependen de los procesos de trabajo para su producción, distribución y circulación, por lo tanto, explora la plus-valía del trabajo humano. Tomamos nota de que la prohibición del uso de estas substancias agrega valor a su mercado e inaugura las relaciones regidas por la violencia. Hemos construido una metodología basada en la revisión de la literatura, la análisis documental y la investigación de campo. La revisión de la literatura aparece en el primer y en el segundo capítulo, en la cuales discutimos temas como el prohibicionismo, la criminalización de la pobreza, la comprensión del narcotráfico como un negocio lucrativo en medio de las relaciones contemporáneas. Hemos rescatado un poco de la historia del Paraná, lo que indica que el crecimiento de la agroindustria estimuló la construcción de una amplia red de carreteras en el estado, que también son utilizadas para el flujo de drogas. Problematizamos el tema de la frontera, porque el estado ha sido considerado territorio favorable para las redes delictivas... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletronico abajo)

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BERLUSCONI, GIULIA. "LAW ENFORCEMENT AND CRIMINAL NETWORK RESILIENCE: THE IMPACT OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTION ON THE STRUCTURE OF MAFIA-RELATED DRUG TRAFFICKING NETWORKS." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/2457.

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Per comprendere la capacità delle organizzazioni criminali di resistere alle indagini da parte delle forze di polizia, alcuni studiosi hanno introdotto il concetto di resilienza nel campo della ricerca sul crimine organizzato. Il termine si riferisce alla capacità di un gruppo criminale di affrontare le pressioni esterne e riorganizzarsi. Adottando un approccio di rete e facendo riferimento a precedenti ricerche sulla resilienza dei gruppi criminali, il presente studio analizza l’evoluzione nel corso del tempo di due gruppi legati alla ‘Ndrangheta. L’obiettivo consiste nel comprendere come questi gruppi si sono adattati alla pressione da parte delle forze dell’ordine e nell’identificare i meccanismi che hanno favorito la loro evoluzione e i cambiamenti che hanno riguardato la loro struttura organizzativa. I risultati mostrano che i due gruppi criminali hanno potuto fare affidamento su diverse fonti di resilienza. La presenza di legami di natura non economica, che non sono conseguenza della loro partecipazione nei mercati illegali, ha consentito ai gruppi mafiosi di sostituire i soggetti arrestati in modo rapido ma parziale. Una minor importanza attribuita alla struttura gerarchica da parte dei gruppi mafiosi coinvolti in traffici internazionali ha invece permesso a questi gruppi di dotarsi di una organizzazione interna più flessibile.
To understand mafia persistence over time and address the problem of the impact of law enforcement interventions on criminal groups, some scholars have introduced the concept of resilience into organized crime research; this refers to the ability of criminal groups to deal with ongoing changes and reorganize themselves accordingly. Adopting a network approach to organized crime and drawing on previous studies on criminal network resilience, this study analyses the evolution of two ‘Ndrangheta criminal groups over around two years, seeking to understand how they adapted to the external pressure of law enforcement agencies, and to identify the mechanisms that drove their evolution and the structural changes that they experienced. The results show that the two mafia groups had several sources of resilience. The possibility to rely on non-economic ties, which are not the consequence of their participation in illegal markets, enabled the mafia groups to rapidly, though partially, replace the actors arrested. A less prominent role of the formal hierarchy of the ‘Ndrangheta in criminal networks mainly involved in drug trafficking instead gave rise to a more flexible internal configuration.

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Rocha, Andréa Pires. "Trajetórias de adolescentes apreendidos como mulas do transporte de drogas na região da fronteira (Paraná) Brasil - Paraguai : exploração de força de trabalho e criminalização da pobreza /." Franca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106123.

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Orientador: José Fernando Siqueira da Silva
Coorientador: Paulo César Pontes Fraga
Banca: Marisa Feffermann
Banca: Raquel Santos Sant'Ana
Banca: Luis Alfredo Chinali
Resumo: O objetivo da presente tese foi analisar as trajetórias e contradições que determinam o cotidiano de adolescentes que são explorados como 'mulas' na rota internacional do tráfico de drogas existente no Estado do Paraná, região de fronteira entre Brasil - Paraguai. O estudo se mostrou pertinente por conta das evidências de que as rodovias paranaenses são utilizadas como rota para o tráfico de drogas internacional proveniente do Paraguai, tendo em vista que este país fornece cerca 80% da maconha utilizada no Brasil. Neste sentido, buscamos entender um pouco sobre o funcionamento do tráfico de drogas conhecido como "formiguinha" numa região de fronteira e, principalmente, como se dá a exploração da força de trabalho de adolescentes nesta atividade. Consideramos as drogas (lícitas ou ilícitas) como mercadorias que dependem de processos de trabalho para sua produção, distribuição e circulação explorando mais-valia do trabalho humano. Observamos que a proibição do uso destas substâncias agrega valor ao seu mercado e inaugura relações regidas pela violência. Construímos uma metodologia pautada em revisão bibliográfica, pesquisa documental e pesquisa de campo. A revisão bibliografia aparece, principalmente, no primeiro, segundo e em parte do terceiro capítulo. Nos dois primeiros discutimos temas como o proibicionismo, a criminalização da pobreza, o entendimento do narcotráfico como um negócio lucrativo em meio das relações contemporâneas. Resgatamos um pouco da história do Paraná, apontando que o crescimento do agronegócio impulsionou a construção da extensa malha rodoviária do estado, a qual é também utilizada para o escoamento de drogas. Problematizamos a questão da fronteira, pois o estado tem sido considerado território propício para redes criminosas que vinculam legalidade e ilegalidade para a movimentação do narcotráfico... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The objective of the present thesis was to analyze the trajectories and contradictions which determine the everyday of teenagers that are exploited in the international route of the drug traffic existent in the State of Paraná, border region between Brazil - Paraguay. The study has shown itself pertinent on account of the evidences that the highways of Paraná are utilized as route for the international drug traffic coming from Paraguay, given that this country provides around 80% of the marijuana utilized in Brazil. In this sense, we seek to understand the running of the drug traffic known as "little ant" in a border region and, mainly, how the labour force exploitation is given in this activity. We considered the drugs (licit or illicit) as merchandises that depend on work processes for their production, distribution, and circulation, exploiting surplus value of the human labour. We observed that the prohibition of the use of these substances aggregates value to their market and inaugurates rigid relations by violence. We build a methodology grounded in bibliographic revision, documental research and camp research. The bibliographic revision appears in the first and in the second chapter, in which themes such as the prohibitionism, poverty criminalization, the understanding of the drug trafficking as a profitable business amid the contemporary relations are discussed. We rescued some of the history of Paraná, pointing that the growth of agribusiness propelled the construction of the state's extensive highway network, which is also utilized for the drug outflow. We problematized the border issue, because the state has been considered propitious territory for the criminal networks that bind legality and illegality for the movement of the drug trafficking. Now the two last chapters were grounded essentially in the camp research... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumen: El objetivo de esta tesis fue analizar las trayectorias y las contradicciones que determinan la vida diaria de los adolescentes que son explotados como "mulas" en la ruta internacional de tráfico de drogas que existe en el Estado de Paraná, la región fronteriza entre Brasil - Paraguay. El estudio demostró ser relevante debido a la evidencia de que las carreteras paranaenses son utilizadas como ruta para el tráfico internacional de drogas desde Paraguay, teniendo en cuenta que este país proporciona alrededor del 80% de la marihuana utilizada en Brasil. En este sentido, tratamos de entender un poco sobre el funcionamiento del narcotráfico conocido como "hormiga" en la región fronteriza y, sobre todo, cómo acontece la explotación de la fuerza de trabajo de los adolescentes en esta actividad. Consideramos que las drogas (legales o ilegales) son mercancías que dependen de los procesos de trabajo para su producción, distribución y circulación, por lo tanto, explora la plus-valía del trabajo humano. Tomamos nota de que la prohibición del uso de estas substancias agrega valor a su mercado e inaugura las relaciones regidas por la violencia. Hemos construido una metodología basada en la revisión de la literatura, la análisis documental y la investigación de campo. La revisión de la literatura aparece en el primer y en el segundo capítulo, en la cuales discutimos temas como el prohibicionismo, la criminalización de la pobreza, la comprensión del narcotráfico como un negocio lucrativo en medio de las relaciones contemporáneas. Hemos rescatado un poco de la historia del Paraná, lo que indica que el crecimiento de la agroindustria estimuló la construcción de una amplia red de carreteras en el estado, que también son utilizadas para el flujo de drogas. Problematizamos el tema de la frontera, porque el estado ha sido considerado territorio favorable para las redes delictivas... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletronico abajo)
Doutor

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Karlsson, Anna, Johanna Ahlén, and Sofie Falkfält. "Vart *** är tåget?! : En studie om svenska kollektivtrafikbolags närvaro i sociala medier." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-19065.

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“Vad genererar närvaron i sociala medier för svenska kollektivtrafikbolags vardagsverksamhet och hur kan de användas vid en kris?” Syftet med uppsatsen är att belysa problematiken med att kollektivtrafikbolag i Sverige idag inte tar tillvara på möjligheterna med sociala medier. Vi ser ett behov att belysa fördelarna och nackdelarna i samband med användningen av Facebook och Twitter för kollektivtrafikbolag. Studien syftar till att visa att sociala medier är en bra kommunikationskanal som även blir användbar vid en krissituation. Uppsatsen syftar till att förmedla de fördelar som interaktion via sociala medier innebär i vardagsverksamheten och vid en kris. Uppsatsprocessen genomfördes kvalitativt och en induktiv ansats tillämpades. Det har genomförts nio intervjuer, sju med kollektivtrafikbolag och två med kommunikationskonsulter med expertis inom kommunikation och krishantering. Genom att undersöka hur bolagen hanterar sociala medier och tänker kring relationer, förtroende, rykteshantering och kriser tillhandahölls material som möjliggjorde att uppfylla uppsatsens syfte. Studien har hög giltighet för de undersökta kollektivtrafikbolagen och antagandet om att den kan generaliseras och gälla för hela Sveriges kollektivtrafikmarknad går inte att garantera. Dock anser vi att det kan ligga resterande kollektivtrafikbolags intresse att ta del av studien. Studien påvisar att Facebook och Twitter med fördel kan användas av svenska kollektivtrafikbolag för att kvalitetsförbättra verksamheten, men även att sociala medier är bra för hantering av och kommunikation vid en kris. Studien visar att om kollektivtrafikbolag arbetar kontinuerligt med att vara närvarande, kommunicera och engagera, stoppa ryktesspridning och bistå med information i realtid genererar fördelar. Fördelarna är att resenärer får mer förtroende, skapar en bättre relation till företaget, ökar förståelsen och att de ger företag information som leder till att företaget kan göra kvalitetsförbättringar. Dessa aktiviteter förebygger även att en kris uppstår samt underlättar vid hantering att krissituation. Bolagens aktiviteter i sociala medier och vad de genererar illustreras i två modeller. “Värdet av sociala medier i vardagsverksamheten” som visar på ett samband mellan aktiviteter och vad de genererar, kvalitetsförbättringar i verksamheten. “Värdet av sociala medier vid en krissituation” som visar att samma aktiviteter verkar förebyggande att risken av en kris inträffar samt underlättar vid en faktisk krissituation. Om sociala medier inte används för att kvalitetsförbättra verksamheten eller till att förebygga och kommunicera under en kris påvisar studien inte någon nytta med att verka i sociala medier för de undersökta bolagen. Ett felaktigt användande av sociala medier ger ett negativt utfall, det är resurskrävande och kan förvärra en krissituation genom den enorma spridningseffekten sociala medier har.
“What does the presence in social media generate for public transport companies in Sweden in everyday activities and how they can be use in crisis management?” The purpose with this thesis is to highlight the complexity that public transport companies in Sweden today do not take advantage of opportunities that social media offers. We have noticed a need to highlight the advantage and disadvantage arising from the use of Facebook and Twitter for public transport companies. We wish to prove that social media is a high-quality communication channel which also can be useful in crises. This thesis aims to convey the benefits of interaction thru social media in everyday activities and crisis management. The process of the thesis is conducted thru a qualitative and inductive approach. Nine interviews have been made with seven public transport companies and two with communication consultants with expertise in communications and crisis management. By examining how they manage the presence in social media and reflects about relationships, trust, reputation management and crises we were given material thru interviews that allowed to fulfil the purpose of the thesis. The survey has a high level of validity but the assumption that it can be generalized and applied to all Swedish public transport companies cannot be made. However we believe that it could be interesting for all Swedish public transport companies to take advantage of the thesis. The survey has revealed that the Swedish public transport companies to improve the quality of the business can use social media especially Facebook and Twitter advantageously, but also that social media is effective in the management for managing and handling communication in a crisis. The survey shows that public transport companies continually works to be present, to communicate and engage, stop the spread of rumours and provide information in real time. These actions effect passengers to get more trust in the companies, as well as it creates a better relationship, improve understanding and that the passengers provide the companies with information that leads to quality improvements. These activities can also be used to prevent a crisis and facilitate the handling of a crisis. The companies activities in social media and what they generate illustrates in two models. “The value of social media in everyday business” showing the connection between everyday activates in social media generating a quality tool. “The value of social media in a crisis” showing that the same activates prevents a crisis from happening and helps manage a crisis situation. If the public transport companies examined do not use social media to quality improvement activities or to prevent and communicate during a crisis the survey demonstrates that there is no advantage to be present in social media at all. If a company uses social media in wrong way , it demands a lot of resources and can aggravate a crisis situation.
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Costa, Ana Cláudia Lago. "Tráfico mundial de drogas e processo penal aplicado aos “mulas” em face da soberania e da cooperação jurídica internacional." reponame:Repositório Institucional do UniCEUB, 2013. http://repositorio.uniceub.br/handle/235/5900.

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Gaudard, Deborah. "La lutte contre la criminalité organisée au Brésil et les unités spéciales de police : droit de la guerre ou droit de la paix ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3050.

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Depuis plusieurs décennies, de nombreuses favelas à Rio de Janeiro au Brésil sont contrôlées par des factions du trafic de drogues. Cette réalité a produit des conflits d’une extrême violence entre plusieurs acteurs, les trafiquants, les forces de l’ordre et les “milices” composées de policiers actifs ou retraités, de pompiers et de gardiens de sécurité. Pour faire face à cette situation, les politiques de sécurité publique se sont axées sur l’usage de la force et la répression. Ce contexte conduit à se poser la question de savoir si les autorités brésiliennes sont confrontées à des troubles intérieurs, ou si elles sont désormais engagées dans un conflit armé non international tel qu’il est défini par les textes internationaux. Dans la première hypothèse (troubles intérieurs) c’est le droit interne du pays et le Droit International de Droits de l’Homme qui s’applique. Dans la seconde hypothèse (conflit armé non international), le Droit International humanitaire (DIH), branche du droit de la guerre, devrait s’appliquer. C’est ce que cette recherche a voulu étudier, en mesurant quels pourraient en être les effets positifs pour les populations concernées et si l’efficacité de la lutte contre le trafic de drogues s’en trouverait améliorée, sans négliger, non plus, qu’à Rio puissent se combiner à la fois certaines caractéristiques de chacune de ces deux hypothèses. Il s’est agi d’ancrer dans le droit des mesures nouvelles qui, compte tenu de l’échec manifeste des politiques de sécurité en vigueur, s’avèrent indispensables pour contrôler ou réduire la violence liée au trafic de drogues
For several decades, numerous favelas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil have been controlled by narco-traffickers. As a consequence, extremely violent conflicts have occurred between several key players, the traffickers, the police, and militias made up of active and retired police officers, firemen, and security officers. To handle this situation, public order policy has focused on repression and the use of force. This context leads to a question as to whether the Basilian authorities are facing internal troubles, or if they are involved in a non-international armed conflict as defined by international rules. In the first case (internal troubles), the internal law of the country applies, as well as Human Rights International law. In the second case (non-international armed conflict), International Humanitarian Law (war law section) should apply. This question is what this research aims to study by measuring which positive effects could result from it for the affected people and if the efficiency of the fight against narco-traffickers could be improved, bearing in mind that in Rio, characteristics of both hypothesis could be combined. It is about establishing new rules in law, which prove essential to control or reduce the violence due to narco-traffickers considering the obvious failure of current security policies

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Maasoglu, Goncagül. "Kan den fysiska miljön underlätta brott? : Lärdomar från en systematisk analys i Bergsjön, Rinkeby och Vivalla." Thesis, KTH, Samhällsplanering och miljö, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232993.

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Det pågår många brottsförebyggande arbeten idag i Sverige och dessa sker oftast genom sociala insatser, men det är allt för få satsningar som avser den fysiska miljön. Den påverkar oss människor mer än vad vi tror. Syftet med denna studie är att göra en systematisk analys av den fysiska miljön i tre särskilt utsatta områden och undersöka hur dessa miljöer kan skapa brottsmöjligheter. Områdena Bergsjön, Rinkeby och Vivalla undersöks i denna rapport, dessa är valda till särskilt utsatta områden och där finns en rådande problematik och även en högre koncentration av kriminella (Polisen, 2017). Fakta och teorier som bland annat rutinaktivitetsteorin, CPTED och Jane Jacobs stadsplaneringsidéer behandlas i studiens bakgrund. Likheterna mellan områdenas fysiska miljöer sammanställs genom kartjämförelser, platsanalyser och intervjuer. Metoden visade att trafiksepareringen hade skapat många mörka gångtunnlar in till områdena som skapade oattraktiva och otrygga inträden. Att områdena var bilfria ledde ytterligare till att många ställen blev ödsliga, obevakade och otrygga. Områdenas byggnader var vidare inte varierade och det kunde förekomma flera likadana hus bredvid varandra, till och med över hela områden. För en brottsling är det enklare att begå brott i en enkel detaljfattig miljö, eftersom det då är färre saker att hålla koll på och det blir mycket enklare att begå brottet när övriga människor inte ser sig omkring sig. En annan likhet var gatustrukturen, till exempel hade de tre områdena återvändsgator som inte sammanvävde vägarna med varandra. Detta bidrog till segregerade områden och svårigheter för polisen att komma fram och utföra sina insatser på ett effektivt sätt. Även byggnadernas placering mot gatan påverkade huruvida det skapades naturlig övervakning som kunde motverka brottslighet. Därmed blev slutsatsen att likheterna i den fysiska miljön mellan de tre områdena kan underlätta möjligheterna för att begå brott.
There is many jobs today in Sweden for crime prevention and these happen often through social efforts, but there is way too few of these for the physical environment that actually affects us more than we think they do. The purpose with this study is to make a systematical analysis of the physical environment in three deprives areas and examine if these environments can create crime opportunities. The chosen places are Bergsjön, Rinkeby and Vivalla with current problematic and high crime concentration (Polisen, 2017). Fact and theories such as the Routine Activity Theory, CPTED and Jane Jacobs’s urban ideas is treated in the study’s background. Similarities between the areas physical environment is compiled through map comparisons, place analysis and interviews. The methods result showed that the traffic separation created many dark tunnels into the areas, which caused unattractive and insecure entries. The buildings in the areas were also not varied and there could be a several of similar houses next to each other or over the whole field. It can be easier for a criminal to commit crimes in a simple surrounding without details, because it is fewer things to keep track of and it becomes much easier to commit the crime when people doesn’t look around themselves. Another similarity was the street structures, for example the three areas had blind alleys that didn't interweave the streets with each other. This contributed to segregated areas and difficulties for the police to arrive and perform their efforts effectively. Even the buildings placement to the street affected whether they had a natural surveillance that could prevent crime. This concluded that the physical environment in these three deprived areas can affect the emergence of crime.

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Petit, Frère Renel. "La répression pénale de la criminalité organisée : étude comparée des droits français et haïtien." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30055.

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La criminalité organisée constitue une préoccupation pour les pouvoirs publics français et haïtiens et sa répression pénale se situe au cœur des droits français et haïtien. Pour ce faire, les deux législateurs ont dû adapter leur législation pénale afin de doter l’institution judiciaire de nouveaux instruments répressifs permettant la détection et la répression des infractions de criminalité organisée. Celles-ci sont réprimées via une double approche répressive proactive et réactive. On remarque que le droit pénal de la criminalité organisée tant substantiel que formel opère un glissement du réactif vers le proactif. Il s’agit d’une logique répressive qui privilégie l’efficacité répressive sur le respect des principes fondamentaux. Le droit à un procès équitable s’y trouve alors malmené. Dans les deux droits, les personnes impliquées dans des infractions organisées sont sévèrement sanctionnées et la confiscation des avoirs criminels est utilisée à des fins préventives et répressives. Cette répression se fait dans le cadre d’une coopération policière et judiciaire efficace qui favorise l’émergence de nouveaux instruments de coopération provoquant ainsi la mutualisation et la régionalisation des normes destinées à la répression pénale de la criminalité organisée. Cette étude comparative montre qu’Haïti peut bénéficier de l’expertise judiciaire française fondée sur la spécialisation des acteurs judiciaires qui interviennent dans le procès pénal
Organized crime is a major concern for the French and Haitian public forces and the related crime repression methods are at the core of the French and Haitian Criminal Law. In that sense, both legislators had to adapt their criminal legislation in order to provide the judicial system with new instruments of crime control to help detect and punish organized crime offenses. The latter are fought down via a double punishment approach that is proactive and reactive. We notice that the criminal law of organized crime, whether substantive or formal, slides from the reactive towards the proactive. It is a repressive logic that favours efficient repressive methods over the respect of fundamental principals. And therefore, the right of a fair trial is ill-used. In both Rights, the people involved in organized offences are severally sanctioned and the criminal assets are forfeited in order to apply preventive and repressive measures. This repression takes place within a cooperative efficient framework between the police and the judicial body and causes the emergence of new instruments of cooperation and the sharing and regionalization of the norms of criminal sanctions against organized crime. This comparative study shows that Haiti can benefit from the French judiciary expertise founded on the specialisation of the judiciary actors who participate in the criminal proceedings

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何斐萍. "A STUDY ON “TRAFFIC CRIMES” --- FOCUSING ON AMENDMENTS OF JAPANESE CRIMINAL CODE IN 2001." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36357911202143556909.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
法學系
91
The 153rd Congress of Japan has adopted the amendment of partial articles of Criminal Code in Nov. 28, 2001. The penal clause (Article 208-2) is added to regulate the offence in dangerous driving to cause death or injury. Meanwhile the article (Article 211 Section2), which is about the judicial discretion in remission of punishment, is also added for those who operate automotive vehicle to cause injury due to professional negligence. Many articles and studies about this amendment with the title of “Traffic crimes” have been continually published in Japan. However, what is the meaning of “Traffic crimes”? What is the necessity for it to be categorized in criminal policy? What is the regulative effect of those acts in Article 208-2 of Japanese Criminal Code on Taiwanese current legal system? We’ll try to find out the answers to these questions. The research way in this thesis is to probe into the documents to analyze the concept of “Traffic crimes”, the related Japanese documents about this amendment in Criminal Code, and the related discussion about Article 185-3 of Taiwanese Criminal Code. There’s also statistics analysis for reviewing Taiwanese corresponding judicial decision. The Chapter 2 of the thesis includes the definition of “Traffic crimes”, the analysis of the standard to judge traffic crimes from other type of crimes, and then proceed to discuss the characteristics of “Traffic crimes” and the corresponding criminal policy. Chapter 3 is to introduce the background and the contents of this amendment in Japanese Criminal Code to manifest the amendment tendency that is correspondent with traffic crimes specialties. The introduction of the amendment content includes the legal interests, the subjective and objective elements in the crime, the number of appropriate accusation, and the reason to add judicial discretion in remission of punishment and applicable occasion. Chapter 4 is to discuss the questions about the amendment with the views of legislation and explanation. The possible regulative effect of the new added article that cumulates the penalty of dangerous driving on Taiwanese current legal system will be analyzed in Chapter 5. In addition, according to the definition of “Traffic crimes” discussed in chapter 2, the scope will be concentrated on Article 185-3 of Taiwanese Criminal Code in this chapter to diagnose the provisions, the relevant questions in application, and the actual situation in sentencing. Chapter 6 is to compare the front part of Article 208-2 Section 1 of Japanese Criminal Code with the Article 185-3 of Taiwanese Criminal Code to learn of the differences in the provisions. And to bring up the opinions, which come from Japanese legal system with the views of legislation and explanation, deserve our deliberation. Finally, to conclude the above-mentioned important points, and aiming at the characteristics-numerous, routine and high-speed-of traffic crimes to make suggestion in drawing up simple and rapid handling procedure, to review the legislation regulation and the handling policy of judicial attitude in the Article 185-3 of Taiwanese Criminal Code to seek good criminal policy that tempers justice with mercy in dealing with traffic crimes and establish an appropriate system in criminal execution.

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Filip, Jakub. "Dopravní kriminalita a její prevence." Master's thesis, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-405935.

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NÁZEV DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE, ABSTRAKT A KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE Název diplomové práce v českém jazyce: Traffic crime and its prevention Abstrakt: The topic of this thesis is traffic crime and its prevention. It is an area of criminology, which recently has been becoming more and more important, due to constant increase of traffic in general. Nearly every human participates in traffic every day, therefore we all are becoming potential victims or perpetrators of traffic crimes. This topic is too wide for one thesis and it is impossible cover the whole subject in total. So the aim of this thesis is first to give a comprehensive presentation of basic knowledge about traffic criminality, and than focus on more narrowly defined subject, for which I chose criminality with participation of cyclists. I decided for this specialization, because cycling is deep in my heart and I am an active road and track racer. The thesis consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the most basic issues like: definition of the term traffic, types and division of traffic, definition of the term traffic criminality, features of traffic criminality as branch of criminology and determination of traffic crimes. The second chapter is about traffic crime statistics. It is discussed what is the proportion of traffic...

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Klouda, Petr. "Vliv médií na soudní rozhodování v případech dopravní kriminality." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334401.

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Media influence over court rulings in traffic crime cases The aim of this thesis is to analyze the way media report about traffic crimes and provide a comparison between cases that attracted media attention and cases that didn't. The author investigates the possibility that courts are influenced in thein decision making by the general public, the opinion of which is shaped mostly by mass media outlets which unfortunately often release speculations as proven facts. To demonstrate the possibility of media influence to the reader, the author compares similar cases and shows how different the court ruling was when the case wasn't a subject of attention of mass media. Part of this analysis consists of a letter to the judge who presided over one of such cases, the incident on D1 motorway in 2010. The conclusion is that there's potential for such influence, but it's impossible to be absolutely certain that it already exists. The threat of such influence will, however, grow over time as new technologies are introduced, that make it very easy to spread information and consume it. In a newly forming information society, the ability to influence anything ranging from minor court battles to elections is considerably increased and poses a potential threat to the impartiality of courts, which is vital to a modern...

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Huang, Kuo-chung, and 黃國忠. "Information Integration Models of Sentencing Factors in Traffic Cases and Waste Disposal Cases :A Study of Attitudes and Damages from Crimes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6aygz8.

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碩士
國立中山大學
公共事務管理研究所
97
Abstract In order to understand whether the public improves their faith in justice after 15-year reforms, and whether the result of verdict meets the expectations of the public, this research regards the sentences from the Judge as a decision-making to discuss whether there is any difference in the integration models of sentencing factors and seriousness among the role in the Court. The research analyzes the functions of justice from the viewpoints of Integrated Reference Framework for Public Affairs Management (PAM), and anatomizes the phenomena presenting by Society Develop Matrix (SDM) in every development stage. The research adopts the experimental methods of Information Integration Theory (IIT), and divides the subjects into five roles: Judges, Prosecutors, Lawyers, Inmates and the General Public. The research selects the subjects from Kaohsiung, Tainan and Pingtung, and offers the two cases of “Traffic” and “Waste Disposal” to acquire the integration modes of “the Damage from Criminal” and “the Attitudes after committing crimes ” in the measurement of punishment. Here are the research findings: 1. Individual subject from the five roles mostly uses “Equal-Weight Averaging Model” to combine the two factors of the damages from committing crimes and the attitudes after committing crimes. 2. The types of case influence sentences and the waste disposal cases are obviously much more serious than the traffic cases. 3. The order of cases has no influence on sentences. 4. There is no significant difference in penalty measurement in traffic court cases among the five roles. However, there are significant variations in waste disposal cases, especially between the attorneys and the general public, while the attorneys expect lighter penalty measurement than the general public. 5. After the justice reformation, there have been slight differences in cognitive models of sentences. Keywords: Public Affairs Management, Information Integration Theory, justice reforms, sentencing

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Mnguni, Sandile. "Transnational organized crimes in Africa : a case study of drug trafficking and money laundering in Ghana and South Africa." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10411.

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Every phenomenon evolves with times. Illicit activities like Transnational Organized Crimes (TOC) are not an exception in this regard. Africa, especially West and Southern Africa, have been challenged by a number of TOCs. Ghana and South Africa are amongst the countries in West and Southern Africa that have been subjected to a range of crimes of this nature. Drug trafficking and money laundering are the most prominent illicit activities in Ghana and South Africa. Drug trafficking and money laundering has been prevalent in Ghana and South Africa to such an extent that it has contributed to the growth of illicit economy. Increased size of illicit economy, constrained state capacity and expansion of TOCs are amongst effects of drug trafficking and money laundering in Ghana and South Africa. This dissertation evaluates state capacity in relation to drug trafficking and money laundering in Ghana and South Africa in the period from 2001 to 2011. Regulatory, administrative, technical and extractive are elements of state capacity being looked at. The research used qualitative research method, this was achieved through textual analysis of secondary sources. Regulatory, administrative, and technical state capacity elements have been fairly operational in dealing with drug trafficking and money laundering in the period from 2001 to 2011 in the two countries being looked at. On the other hand extractive state capacity element has been struggling from 2001 to 2011 in reducing drug trafficking and money laundering in Ghana and South Africa. It is clear that globalization has played an important role in the occurrence of the two TOCs under discussion. To better understand TOCs further research needs to look at other regions within and outside Africa.
Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2013.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traffic crimes'

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