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Journal articles on the topic 'Traffic mirror'
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Xiong, Cheng Chen, Hao Yan Chen, and Zhou Fan. "Wind-Induced Vibration of the Rear-View Mirrors of Car at High Speed." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.63.
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Rear-view mirrors vibration that was dangerous when the car is moving at high speed poses a serious threat to traffic safety. The wind-induced vibration has been one of the urgent issues in rear-view mirror system. The air power generated when the car is fast moving and inertia force generated when the rear-view mirror vibrates, constitute a feedback process in the form of a closed loop, so that the amplitude will increase with time. A gas excitation model coupled rearview mirror with air flow vibration was established. CAE analysis method was adopted to prove the theoretical methods.
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Shiao, Yao Jung, Quang Anh Nguyen, and Chun Fang Hou. "Actuation of Adaptive Rearview System for Motorcycles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.587.
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Conventionally, a motorcycle has headlight and mirrors to provide front illumination and rear views for drivers, respectively. Rearview mirrors on conventional motorcycles are fixed, which is easy to cause instant rear blind area for drivers on turns or hubbly roads. Therefore, the drivers cannot get traffic information behind motorcycles, and easily lead to traffic accidents. In this paper, actuation for an adaptive rearview mirror system for motorcycles was proposed. According to sensor inputs, this system adaptively adjusts the rearview mirrors to compensate the changes of vehicle dynamics in pitching, steering and rolling under different road conditions. A grey predictor was also developed in this paper to estimate the change of vehicle dynamics in advance. With the properly designed actuation, this system can provide wide and appropriate rear views to motorcycle riders. It significantly enhances riders’ safety and reduces the occurrence of traffic accidence.
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Mazzae, Elizabeth N., W. Riley Garrott, and Anthony J. Cacioppo. "Utility Assessment of Side Object Detection Systems for Heavy Trucks." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 9 (October 1994): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403800903.
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Side object detection systems (SODS) alert drivers to the presence of traffic alongside their vehicle within a defined detection zone. Their intent is to reduce lane changing and merging collisions. The effect of right SODS on the safety related behavior of commercial vehicle drivers was examined in this study. Eight subjects drove a tractor-semitrailer equipped with four different sets of right SODS or mirrors. Subjects were tested with two right SODS (a radar-based system, and an ultrasonic-based system), a fender-mounted convex mirror, and, for comparison, standard side view mirrors. For each case, subjects drove the test vehicle through a set route for one day. The effect of these systems on driver behavior and the extent to which safety may be improved by implementing SODS were assessed based upon the correctness of responses and verbal response times to Right Clear questions, and upon subject glance fixations and durations. A debriefing questionnaire was used to acquire subjects' opinions about the SODS. Driver performance with SODS was not significantly improved over that observed with standard side view mirrors. Analysis of the correctness of responses to Right Clear questions showed that subjects' accuracy in assessing the traffic situation along the right side of the vehicle was not improved by the SODS, but was improved by the fender-mounted convex mirror. Verbal response times to Right Clear questions were significantly lower with the SODS and fender-mounted convex mirror than with standard mirrors. This difference may have resulted from a learning effect caused by presenting the standard mirrors first to each subject. Glance data showed that subjects only sometimes visually sampled the SODS displays. Responses to debriefing questionnaires indicated that subjects were receptive to the concept of SODS and very positive about the fender-mounted convex mirror. However, if SODS are to offer significant safety benefits in the future, more work is needed to refine their performance and design.
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Lucocq, John. "Past times: Traffic in the rear-view mirror." Biochemist 25, no. 3 (June 1, 2003): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02503031.
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When I was a lad, the adage that “cells are not simply bags full of enzymes” was already popular in biology, and how true it turned out to be. We now know that eukaryotes comprise cellular compartments whose integrity and composition is maintained by specific mechanisms, including the membrane traffic between membrane-bound organelles. So what attracts cell biologists to the challenge of membrane traffic? One reason may be the complexity in composition and spatio-temporal dynamics -- a complexity that manifests itself in the sheer beauty of the physical forms of the trafficking organelles. Another motivation may be the simple question of how complex mixtures of substances can be moved around selectively in membrane-bound vesicles while maintaining the compositional integrity of organelles. Whatever the attraction, it is clear that the full molecular inventory of traffic machinery will be known soon, and we stand now on the threshold of a deeper understanding. It is therefore a good time to look at what has been achieved so far. Interestingly, the focus of membrane trafficking research has come full circle. Initially, discrete organelles with specialized functions were described and then came a mass of molecular information. Now, we are back to the organelles, trying to work out how they are built and how they function in a dynamic way. As in any story of science, the road to discovery has been crucially dependent on clever insights, married with technical developments at both molecular and atomic resolution.
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Martawati, Mira Esculenta, Sugeng Hadi Susilo, Asrori A, and Lulut W. "Automatic Mirror Folding Design Arduino-Based." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 21, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v21i2.2503.
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The rear-view mirror is one of the main devices found in cars. A mirror is a mirror used to see the traffic of a vehicle behind when it is about to veer, stop or change lanes. The purpose of this study was to design a pre-crash performance test of the rearview mirror. That is a system that will automatically perform mirror folding automatically based on the distance of the object in front of it. The system will reduce the risk of broken or scratched due to driver negligence. The research method at a time when the barrier is 30cm (±20cm) away from the front or back of the rearview mirror will read that distance which will then transmit to the Arduino. Arduino will process the data and send data for the speed reduction process by warning that there is an object in front or behind the rearview mirror and when the distance is <30cm from the barrier object, then the Arduino will order to fold the rearview mirror automatically, by activating the servo motor to fold the rear and rearview mirrors. The result of this study was to find out the performance of the GP2Y0A21 distance sensor reading and the performance of the rearview mirror pre-crash system. In this study, the bound variable was the distance measurement of the sensor's reading. The free variable used is the sensor reading metering distance displayed on the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display).
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Danišovič, Peter, Michal Hodoň, and Michal Chovanec. "INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC-SAFETY MIRROR BY USING WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK." Acta logistica 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/al.v1i1.12.
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Nathan, Shelena Soosay, Amelia Sulaiman, Aisha Amila Kamarulzaman, Felicia Tiera, and Mazniha Berahim. "“Brilliantreflect”: smart mirror for smart life." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i3.pp1663-1668.
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In this globalization era, smart mirror have been one of the invention to represent futuristic interconnected physical object with several applications. Smart mirror is innovating appliance that incorporates with contextual information which offered the interactive user interface on the surface of a mirror with the use of Raspberry Pi 3. To create this smart mirror the methodology that includes analysis about smart mirror, designing the hardware and software, developing the prototype, implementation and lastly the evaluation phases needs to be take care of. The presentation performed on the mirror will be information such as weather, time and date, holiday calendar, to-do list by mobile synchronization, current traffic of selected area, news feed and compliment as a motivation. Furthermore, our framework also introduces music presentation that use for alarm purpose. In a nutshell, this mirror what we called “Brilliant Reflect” will be convenient to use as it provides various features to the user.
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Liu, Shu Bin, Tian Yuan Gao, and Ya Bo Wu. "Structure Design and Finite Element Analysis of Receiving System for Optical Communication." Key Engineering Materials 552 (May 2013): 548–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.552.548.
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Along with the rapid development of science and technology, and due to the special advantage of laser communication, such as big traffic and good secrecy, the application of optical communication is more and more wide. One of key technologies is the structure design of receiving system. In this paper, a structure of receiving system for optical communication based on Cassegrain system is introduced. Consist of the support structure of primary mirror and secondary mirror, adjustment structure of secondary mirror, structure design of reflectors, etc. FEM is used to analyze the distortion of primary mirror which is based on this structure. The distortion is caused by pressure, self-weight and temperature change, etc. And the stress deformation of primary mirror tube is analysed particularly. Analysis and test results demonstrate that the design project is reasonable.
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Ibrahim, Duski. "Fiqih Sebagai Traffic-Light : Cermin Formulasi Fiqih ‘Umar Ibn Al-Khththab." Medina-Te : Jurnal Studi Islam 15, no. 1 (July 3, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/medinate.v15i1.3771.
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This paper is entitled Fiqh as Traffic-Light: Mirror of Fiqh Formulation ‘Umar ibn al-Khaththab. The author wants to express the original fiqh that was advanced by the scholars and the majority of ‘Umar ibn al-Khaththab through the study of literature. This literature research study, therefore, uses qualitative data. The data is analyzed with relevant rules, especially Islamic maqshid rules. Based on studies and research conducted, the results are obtained that: First, fiqh is the result of human thought about Islamic law which is understood from the arguments of the Sunnah Al-Qur'an. Therefore, it can be used with a variety of considerations, making it suitable for every time and every place. Second, according to ‘Umar ibn al-Khathtab, the second Caliph, fiqh was the same as traffic light. Traffict-light work for traffic, while fiqh is done as a regulator of the journey of human life. The purpose of traffic-light is to realize the benefit of cross-country, while fiqh is to realize the benefit of human life. Therefore, if it cannot realize benefit, it can be shifted in a way that will bring benefit.
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Singh, Ramesh, Preeti Bhargava, and Samta Kain. "Smart phones and interactive reports leave traffic in the rearview mirror." IEEE Potentials 27, no. 2 (March 2008): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mpot.2007.913547.
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Zhu, Hejun, and Liehuang Zhu. "Traffic Identification Based on User Access Authentication and Message Tag." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2017.6114.
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In order to solve the problem of direct location management of Internet users under the environment of NAT, the unique session ID that represents the user session was put the first option location of the initial session SYN option, and the same session ID was put the additional tail part of the each initial UDP session and the specified UDP tail part, the traffic identification and location management of the Internet users were realized under the environment of NAT through the message tag and user access authentication, the practical application showed that compared with the traditional method, this method not only solved the location management of the Internet users under the NAT, but also greatly reduced the Internet authentication device, network mirror device, network transmission device, network bandwidth and other resources.
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Song, Zhiqing, and Ye Tuo. "Automated Flood Depth Estimates from Online Traffic Sign Images: Explorations of a Convolutional Neural Network-Based Method." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165614.
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Flood depth monitoring is crucial for flood warning systems and damage control, especially in the event of an urban flood. Existing gauge station data and remote sensing data still has limited spatial and temporal resolution and coverage. Therefore, to expand flood depth data source taking use of online image resources in an efficient manner, an automated, low-cost, and real-time working frame called FloodMask was developed to obtain flood depth from online images containing flooded traffic signs. The method was built on the deep learning framework of Mask R-CNN (regional convolutional neural network), trained by collected and manually annotated traffic sign images. Following further the proposed image processing frame, flood depth data were retrieved more efficiently than manual estimations. As the main results, the flood depth estimates from images (without any mirror reflection and other inference problems) have an average error of 0.11 m, when compared to human visual inspection measurements. This developed method can be further coupled with street CCTV cameras, social media photos, and on-board vehicle cameras to facilitate the development of a smart city with a prompt and efficient flood monitoring system. In future studies, distortion and mirror reflection should be tackled properly to increase the quality of the flood depth estimates.
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Vanderhaegen, F. "Mirror Effect Based Learning Systems to Predict Human Errors - Application to the Air Traffic Control." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 19 (2016): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.553.
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Garrett, Thomas A., and Gary A. Wagner. "Red Ink in the Rearview Mirror: Local Fiscal Conditions and the Issuance of Traffic Tickets." Journal of Law and Economics 52, no. 1 (February 2009): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/589702.
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KUBO, Noboru, Midori MORI, and Sadao HORINO. "Study on the Conditions for Installing Traffic Convex Mirrors with Enhanced Visibility at Intersections Applying Mirror Image Simulation(Machine Elements, Design and Manufacturing)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 76, no. 768 (2010): 2154–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.76.2154.
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Pavarangkoon, Praphan, Ken T. Murata, Kazunori Yamamoto, Kazuya Muranaga, Atsushi Higuchi, Takamichi Mizuhara, Yuya Kagebayashi, et al. "Development of international mirroring system for real-time web of meteorological satellite data." Earth Science Informatics 13, no. 4 (August 8, 2020): 1461–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12145-020-00488-z.
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AbstractThe third-generation meteorological satellites equipped with highly-improved imagers provide a huge amount of Earth observation data. Himawari-8 is the first unit of the Japan Meteorological Agency’s third generation of geostationary satellites. After its starting operation in 2015, there are several websites that provide remotely sensed images in real time. However, it is hard to develop a real-time and full-resolution website, due to the large amount of data to be handled. Himawari-8 real-time web is only one website that provides full-resolution remotely sensed images in real time. To reduce network traffic and increase the access speed of it from other countries out of Japan, mirror websites of each country are needed. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective mirroring system for the Himawari-8 real-time web. A mirroring model is introduced to avoid the problem of big data processing in the mirror websites. We adopt a file copy tool based on high-performance and flexible protocol (HpFP) to transfer meteorological satellite data from the Himawari-8 real-time web to the mirror websites. Our first target is Thailand, one of the most disaster-prone countries in South-East Asia. The mirror website is set up at an institution in Thailand connected via collaborative international networks, e.g., Japan Gigabit Network (JGN) and Asia Pacific Advanced Network (APAN). The results show that the proposed mirroring system is able to overcome the big data issue by reducing the central processing unit (CPU) usage in the mirror website and transferring remotely sensed image files at high speed over international networks even under packet loss conditions. This suggests that our mirroring system has a potential for deployment in other Asian and Oceanian countries.
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Behmann, Nicolai, and Holger Blume. "Psychophysics Study on LED Flicker Artefacts for Automotive Digital Mirror Replacement Systems." Electronic Imaging 2020, no. 11 (January 26, 2020): 234–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2470-1173.2020.11.hvei-234.
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LED flicker artefacts, caused by unsynchronized irradiation from a pulse-width modulated LED light source captured by a digital camera sensor with discrete exposure times, place new requirements for both visual and machine vision systems. While latter need to capture relevant information from the light source only in a limited number of frames (e.g. a flickering traffic light), human vision is sensitive to illumination modulation in viewing applications, e.g. digital mirror replacement systems. In order to quantify flicker in viewing applications with KPIs related to human vision, we present a novel approach and results of a psychophysics study on the effect of LED flicker artefacts. Diverse real-world driving sequences have been captured with both mirror replacement cameras and a front viewing camera and potential flicker light sources have been masked manually. Synthetic flicker with adjustable parameters is then overlaid on these areas and the flickering sequences are presented to test persons in a driving environment. Feedback from the testers on flicker perception in different viewing areas, sizes and frequencies are collected and evaluated.
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Ajitha, P., Malemarpuram Chaitanya Sai, Dheeraj, and A. Sivasangari. "A Joint Optimization Approach to Security- and Insurance Management System on Cloud." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 4944–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9245.
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The fundamental point of this undertaking is to joined way to deal with protection and cyber insurance provisioning in the cloud based assets. Right now have introduced a joint way to deal with security and cyber insurance provisioning in the cloud. Utilizing a stochastic improvement, introduced a technique for ideally provisioning the two administrations despite vulnerability in regards to future valuing, approaching traffic and digital assaults. Hence, an application may make preparations for assaults by provisioning security administrations from suppliers, for example, Vast and Trend Micro. These administrations may take different structures; for example, secure information stockpiling, Identity Access Management (IAM), and interruption location administrations to mirror approaching traffic. And afterward cyber insurance is utilized to give express if malignant movement prompts money related misfortune. Protection inclusion might be first or outsider with, for example, burglary of cash and advanced resources, business interference, and digital blackmail, security breaks, loss of outsider information.
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Xiong, Xiaoxia, Long Chen, and Jun Liang. "Analysis of Roadway Traffic Accidents Based on Rough Sets and Bayesian Networks." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 30, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v30i1.2502.
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The paper integrates Rough Sets (RS) and Bayesian Networks (BN) for roadway traffic accident analysis. RS reduction of attributes is first employed to generate the key set of attributes affecting accident outcomes, which are then fed into a BN structure as nodes for BN construction and accident outcome classification. Such RS-based BN framework combines the advantages of RS in knowledge reduction capability and BN in describing interrelationships among different attributes. The framework is demonstrated using the 100-car naturalistic driving data from Virginia Tech Transportation Institute to predict accident type. Comparative evaluation with the baseline BNs shows the RS-based BNs generally have a higher prediction accuracy and lower network complexity while with comparable prediction coverage and receiver operating characteristic curve area, proving that the proposed RS-based BN overall outperforms the BNs with/without traditional feature selection approaches. The proposed RS-based BN indicates the most significant attributes that affect accident types include pre-crash manoeuvre, driver’s attention from forward roadway to centre mirror, number of secondary tasks undertaken, traffic density, and relation to junction, most of which feature pre-crash driver states and driver behaviours that have not been extensively researched in literature, and could give further insight into the nature of traffic accidents.
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Trifunović-Ćapin, Selena. "British influence on Indian culture in the mirror of comparative literary translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 787–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00127.tri.
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Abstract Society and culture are interdependent. Religion, as an important factor of culture, offers its desired behaviour patterns. Art always follows society and is always a part of culture. One nation’s culture can potentially be influenced by another’s. In this paper, I have analysed the causes and consequences of the British influence on Indian culture, dating from the sixteenth century till India’s independence in 1947. British influence is present in India’s general culture, architecture, education system, sport, traffic, bureaucracy, fashion, infrastructure, etc. The indisputably significant British influence on the Indian lifestyle is proved by the fact that the English language is accepted as an official language in the Republic of India. Are the consequences, at large, bad or good? – It will probably always be an open issue for discussion. In her collection of stories Interpreter of Maladies (1999), Jhumpa Lahiri explores and analyses various topics related to the lives of Indian Americans. She describes and faithfully depicts their lives, both in India and outside their native country. The paper also shows her filigree-precise sense of the reality and feelings of Indians who are in the process of acculturation in other countries, as well as their personal and collective struggle with their own identity and the sense of displacement. The transparency theory, advocating free translation, is focused on the equivalency concepts both formal and dynamic, which will be analysed and illustrated in more detail in the paper.
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Zhang, Meng Hang, Zu Hua Jiang, and Qian Zhang. "Study on Novice Drivers' Fixation Features under Different Car-Following Risk Levels." Advanced Materials Research 1037 (October 2014): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1037.481.
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Through early interviews 22 common traffic scenes were found and leveled by questionnaires. Six scenes of low-risk, medium risk and high risk were selected and implemented in the simulation software using the software of Creator, Vega, C++, etc. Simulation experiments were conducted to analyze the novice drivers fixation features under different levels of risk based on the designed real car simulation platform. The results showed that both novice and experienced drivers saccade times are more than 3 times greater than the fixation times, suggesting that drivers visual search are found mainly in saccadic movement other than watch movement. In potentially dangerous environment, experience drivers always reduce fixation time and increase saccade time to make early warnings of danger that may arise, while novice drivers saccade time and fixation time are relatively stable. Novice drivers concern more about the dashboard regardless of the level of risk in any scenarios comparatively. In the three levels of risk conditions, novice drivers watching areas are more concentrate, namely, their fixation area mostly focus on some certain areas while ignoring other areas, such as rearview mirror and traffic signals.
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Fantura, Bonifasius, I. Ketut Kasta Arya Wijaya, and I. Nyoman Subamia. "Implementasi Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Penataan Parkir Guna Mewudjudkan Tertib Lalu Lintas (Studi Kasus di Kota Labuan Bajo Kabupaten Manggarai Barat)." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 1, no. 1 (August 27, 2020): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jkh.1.1.2133.73-77.
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This research is motivated by awareness and concern for public order, especially in tourist areas. This study aims to determine the policy actions of the West Manggarai Regency Government in managing parking in order to create orderly traffic and to find out the factors that hinder the parking arrangement in order to create orderly traffic in Labuan Bajo City, West Manggarai Regency. This research was designed using a qualitative descriptive method. The techniques used in collecting data are through interviews and documentation. The results show that the government's policy actions in managing parking in the city of Labuan Bajo have not run according to the regulations in the Labuan Bajo city area. Then, there was a mistake between the content of the policy and the implementation in the field. In addition, there is still a lack of awareness from the public to obey traffic regulations, especially parking and a lack of complete facilities where there are 2 areas that are at the center of congestion, namely Jl Soekarno Hatta and Jl. Mirror Stone Market. So this situation makes the people become a habit and low awareness in conducting parking arrangements in the city of Labuan Bajo. Therefore, through this research it is hoped that the Labuan Bajo City Government will increase the parking area in the shopping and market areas so as not to cause congestion. Then, the government is expected to be more assertive in providing guidance to parking attendants in order to comply with applicable regulations.
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Geza Katona and Janos Juhasz. "The History of the Transport System Development and Future with Sharing and Autonomous Systems." Communications - Scientific letters of the University of Zilina 22, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/com.c.2020.1.25-34.
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The world today is rapidly changing with the spread of automation. Moreover, urban life is more and more common and the number of inhabitants is rapidly growing. This time is the renaissance of bicycle-based vehicles, especially of electric power assisted bicycles. Vehicle sharing is also getting more popular. These progresses will have a crucial effect on traditional transportation networks. Moreover, the traffic volume, parking facilities and public space usage can be drastically modified. A research data is introduced from Paris and Lisbon, which helps to forecast the effect of the autonomous and sharing systems. This evolution can be advantageous, but it can also bring some disadvantages. In this article, these changes are summarized in the mirror of history, especially the Futurama concept and the transport system changes in Los Angeles. This overview will be a good basis for further research and for the development of a routing algorithm.
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Baackmann, Susanne. "Undoing the Myth of Childhood Innocence in Gisela Elsner’s Fliegeralarm." German Politics and Society 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 37–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/gps.2021.390103.
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This article examines Gisela Elsner’s 1989 novel Fliegeralarm in light of Helmut Kohl’s politics of “normalization” and the Kriegskinder victimology that has recently gained traction. Fliegeralarm presents children as Hitler’s willing executioners and categorically refutes the notion of “liberation” (from fascism) as justification for normalizing German national identity. The text questions the entire edifice upon which West and now united Germany’s official memory culture is built. I argue that Elsner not only contests the concept of “historical innocence” but fundamentally refutes the possibility of an innocent historical subject position. Fliegeralarm provocatively casts remembering and childhood innocence as calculated performances that mirror the generational complicity of those born into a legacy of perpetration. It offers a prescient intervention in post-Wende discourses and rethinks childhood innocence along the lines of historical implication, that is, in dialectical tension with knowledge and denial, marked by the traffic between knowing and not knowing.
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Satyarthee, Guru Dutta, Rajpur Yada, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, and Amit Agrawal. "Mirror image extradural hematoma in elderly population: management strategy with surgical bilateral or unilateral evacuation or conservative treatment modality with literature review." Romanian Neurosurgery 31, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/romneu-2017-0087.
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Abstract Extradural hematomas (EDH) represent one of common imaging findings in cases sustaining traumatic brain injury. Bilateral extradural haematoma is considered rare and even rarer in elder people male. Bilateral extradural hematoma is usually acute, and generally associated with severe traumatic head injury. Mirror-image extradural hematomas (MEDH) constitute a special type of bilateral extradural hamatomas, which is placed anatomically symmetrically on both the sides of the intracranial compartment, requires prompt diagnosis and emergent surgical intervention as it carry high mortality if evacuation of hematoma is not carried out expeditely. The mortality rate still remains higher in comparison to unilateral single extradural hematomas. The postoperative outcome depends on preoperative neurological status, total volume of blood, accurate diagnosis and prompt shifting to neurosurgical facility, expatiation of surgical procedure, pre- hospital care. Authors report a case of a - 65-year-old man who presented with acute simultaneous bilateral extradural haematomas following road traffic accident, underwent bilateral trephine craniotomy and simultaneous evacuation on both side led to good recovery.
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Zhu, Chen, Zhang, Tu, and Chen. "Quantitative Analysis of Soil Displacement Induced by Ground Loss and Shield Machine Mechanical Effect in Metro Tunnel Construction." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (July 26, 2019): 3028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153028.
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In order to relieve the increasing ground traffic pressure in the process of urbanization in China, it is inevitable to build more metro lines. However, the stratum movement caused by tunneling affects the safety of adjacent underground structures and aboveground buildings. Therefore, how to evaluate and control the stratum movement is a prominent problem. In this paper, based on the engineering project of an interval tunnel between Shizishan Station and Chuanshi Station in Chengdu Metro Line 7, China, the action mechanism of stratum movement induced by shield tunneling is analyzed, and the effect factors are divided into two categories: ground loss factors and mechanical factors. Combining the advantages of Loganathan method and mirror source-sink method, a new solution of three-dimensional displacement induced by ground loss is proposed. Based on the elastic half-space Mindlin model, the displacement at any point induced by four mechanical effect factors is deduced. Finally, the total displacement is verified by field monitoring data and quantitative analyzed in various parts.
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Verdoscia, Lorenzo, and Roberto Giorgi. "A Data-Flow Soft-Core Processor for Accelerating Scientific Calculation on FPGAs." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (May 16, 2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3190234.
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We present a new type of soft-core processor called the “Data-Flow Soft-Core” that can be implemented through FPGA technology with adequate interconnect resources. This processor provides data processing based on data-flow instructions rather than control flow instructions. As a result, during an execution on the accelerator of the Data-Flow Soft-Core, both partial data and instructions are eliminated as traffic for load and store activities. Data-flow instructions serve to describe a program and to dynamically change the context of a data-flow program graph inside the accelerator, on-the-fly. Our proposed design aims at combining the performance of a fine-grained data-flow architecture with the flexibility of reconfiguration, without requiring a partial reconfiguration or new bit-stream for reprogramming it. The potential of the data-flow implementation of a function or functional program can be exploited simply by relying on its description through the data-flow instructions that reprogram the Data-Flow Soft-Core. Moreover, the data streaming process will mirror those present in other FPGA applications. Finally, we show the advantages of this approach by presenting two test cases and providing the quantitative and numerical results of our evaluations.
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Parra, I., M. A. Sotelo, D. F. Llorca, and M. Ocaña. "Robust visual odometry for vehicle localization in urban environments." Robotica 28, no. 3 (May 22, 2009): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026357470900575x.
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SUMMARYThis paper describes a new approach for estimating the vehicle motion trajectory in complex urban environments by means of visual odometry. A new strategy for robust feature extraction and data post-processing is developed and tested on-road. Images from scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) features are used in order to cope with the complexity of urban environments. The obtained results are discussed and compared to previous works. In the prototype system, the ego-motion of the vehicle is computed using a stereo-vision system mounted next to the rear view mirror of the car. Feature points are matched between pairs of frames and linked into 3D trajectories. The distance between estimations is dynamically adapted based on re-projection and estimation errors. Vehicle motion is estimated using the non-linear, photogrametric approach based on RAndom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC). The final goal is to provide on-board driver assistance in navigation tasks, or to provide a means of autonomously navigating a vehicle. The method has been tested in real traffic conditions without using prior knowledge about the scene or the vehicle motion. An example of how to estimate a vehicle's trajectory is provided along with suggestions for possible further improvement of the proposed odometry algorithm.
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Naghawi, Hana. "Negative Binomial Regression Model for Road Crash Severity Prediction." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 4 (March 19, 2018): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n4p38.
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In this paper, the Negative Binominal Regression (NBR) technique was used to develop crash severity prediction model in Jordan. The primary crash data needed were obtained from Jordan Traffic Institute for the year 2014. The collected data included number and severity of crashes. The data were organized into eight crash contributing factors including: age, age and gender, drivers’ faults, environmental factors, crash time, roadway defects and vehicle defects. First of all, descriptive analysis of the crash contributing factors was done to identify and quantify factors affecting crash severity, then the NBR technique using R-statistic software was used for the development of the crash prediction model that linked crash severities to the identified factors. The NBR model results indicated that severe crashes decreased significantly as the age of both male and female drivers increased. They significantly decreased as the environmental conditions improved. In addition, sever crashes were significantly higher during weekdays than weekends and in the morning than in the evening. The results also indicated that sever crashes significantly increased as drivers have faults while driving. In addition, mirror and brake deficits were found to be the only factors among all possible vehicle deficits factors that contributed significantly to severe crashes. Finally, it was found that the results of the NBR model are in agreement with the descriptive analysis of the crash contributing factors.
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Sbert, Mateu, Jordi Poch, Shuning Chen, and Víctor Elvira. "Stochastic Order and Generalized Weighted Mean Invariance." Entropy 23, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23060662.
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In this paper, we present order invariance theoretical results for weighted quasi-arithmetic means of a monotonic series of numbers. The quasi-arithmetic mean, or Kolmogorov–Nagumo mean, generalizes the classical mean and appears in many disciplines, from information theory to physics, from economics to traffic flow. Stochastic orders are defined on weights (or equivalently, discrete probability distributions). They were introduced to study risk in economics and decision theory, and recently have found utility in Monte Carlo techniques and in image processing. We show in this paper that, if two distributions of weights are ordered under first stochastic order, then for any monotonic series of numbers their weighted quasi-arithmetic means share the same order. This means for instance that arithmetic and harmonic mean for two different distributions of weights always have to be aligned if the weights are stochastically ordered, this is, either both means increase or both decrease. We explore the invariance properties when convex (concave) functions define both the quasi-arithmetic mean and the series of numbers, we show its relationship with increasing concave order and increasing convex order, and we observe the important role played by a new defined mirror property of stochastic orders. We also give some applications to entropy and cross-entropy and present an example of multiple importance sampling Monte Carlo technique that illustrates the usefulness and transversality of our approach. Invariance theorems are useful when a system is represented by a set of quasi-arithmetic means and we want to change the distribution of weights so that all means evolve in the same direction.
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Mims, Lauren, Johnell O. Brooks, Casey Jenkins, Alexander Stronczek, Donnie Isley, and Daniel Gubitosa. "Teenage and Adult Drivers’ Views of a One-Day Car Control Class on a Closed-Road Course." Safety 6, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety6040057.
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Traffic-related crashes impact drivers of all ages. Post-license driving classes have emerged to equip drivers with higher level skills needed to prevent and avoid emergency situations. A performance driving center offers teenage and adult car control classes designed to address defensive driving skills through both classroom instruction and hands-on practice on a closed-road track. To obtain the views from teenagers and adults, both groups completed a survey immediately after their classes, and the adults completed a phone interview six months later. Results from the teenage and adult survey showed that both groups reported the most important topics learned during the car control class were skid recovery, using the antilock braking system (ABS) and looking where the car should go. Both teenagers and adults reported that they plan to significantly change their driving behaviors, especially those concerning seating, hand and mirror positions. Overall, after the class, the teenagers and adults felt “moderately competent” in their ability to perform the exercises practiced during the class, which increased from the rating of “not competent” prior to the class. The results from the phone interview with the adults suggest that ABS braking was the most important topic six months later. ABS braking was also the single-most reported skill used after the class and the self-identified skill most used to avoid a crash. The phone interview showed that the adults accurately predicted their use of the behaviors (seating position, vision, distractions, etc.) and turned those behaviors taught during the class into habits of their daily driving. Overall, the results from the teenage and adult survey, as well as the phone interview with the adults, suggest that the participants benefitted from the knowledge and skills gained from the one-day car control class.
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Gonçalves, J. A., and A. Pinhal. "MOBILE MAPPING SYSTEM BASED ON ACTION CAMERAS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-1 (September 26, 2018): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-1-167-2018.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Action cameras can operate in outdoor conditions, such as outside a car, and provide good quality imagery that can be exploited to collect geospatial data by photogrammetric means. Recent models include GPS, which can deliver position and time of individual images and video frames. That is the case of the very popular camera, Gopro Hero 5. This paper describes the implementation of a mobile mapping system, based on a GoPro Hero 5 camera mounted on the side rearview mirror of a car. Although the system can be dependent on the camera GPS positions only, it was developed to include a GNSS dual frequency receiver, carried inside the car, on the dashboard. Within good observation conditions, without tall buildings, differential positioning (either RTK or PPK) provides the trajectory with accuracy of a few centimetres. The precise time of individual frames is obtained from the camera GPS and positions are interpolated from the GNSS receiver. Assuming the car moves in a horizontal plane and the camera has no significant tilts, the system is treated in planimetric terms, with camera axis azimuth derived from the vehicle trajectory. Positions of observed objects, such as traffic signs, are derived from consecutive frames. Tests carried out in a sparse urban environment have shown planimetric accuracy better than 40<span class="thinspace"></span>cm, appropriate for large scale mapping, such as 1<span class="thinspace"></span>:<span class="thinspace"></span>2000. The system can be improved in several forms, through processing techniques, such as structure from motion, but without the incorporation of additional hardware.</p>
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Postolit, A. V. "Prospects for the Use of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Vision in Transport Systems and Connected Cars." World of Transport and Transportation 19, no. 1 (September 8, 2021): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-1-74-90.
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As statistics show, the use of artificial intelligence and machine vision for cars can significantly improve road safety. Even before self-driving vehicles dominate the road, connected vehicles with computer vision-based ADAS will dramatically reduce road accidents. New automotive technologies such as machine vision not only improve road safety, but also open new business opportunities for companies from related industries and sectors such as insurance, car sharing and driver training. Soon, the automotive market, car service services and industries close to transport will change dramatically. This means that those who invest in such developments right now will be able to seize leadership in the era of the spread of innovative technologies.In modern cars, video cameras are used not only as an alternative to the rear-view mirror but are also an important part of active safety systems. Their task, first, is to support collision protection systems through object detection. Cameras are also used to keep track of the lane, to automatically recognise road signs and traffic lights, and monitor the condition of drivers. Together with radars and lidars, they are used to control unmanned vehicles. However, these are far from all the possible areas of useful application of video cameras on board a vehicle. With development of artificial intelligence systems, a decrease in size and an increase in the power of on-board computing facilities, as well as with an increase in the throughput of mobile communications and development of cloud technologies, it becomes possible to implement new services based on video cameras and computer vision.For this reason, the objective of this article is to analyse the trends in development of artificial intelligence, computer vision systems and, considering these trends, to form a list of useful services based on them. The article provides information about what cars can «see» today, how they do it, and what useful services can be implemented for drivers, for transport organisations and for areas related to transport.
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Alboaneen, Dabiah, Dalia Alsaffar, Amani Alqahtani, Lama Alamri, Amjad Alfahhad, Bashaier Alqahtani, Alyah Alateeq, Rahaf Alamri, and Fatimah Almohammedsaleh. "Smart information desk system with voice assistant for universities." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 6 (December 1, 2021): 5206. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i6.pp5206-5215.
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This article aims to develop a smart information desk system through a smart mirror for universities. It is a mirror with extra capabilities of displaying answers for academic inquiries such as asking about the lecturers’ office numbers and hours, exams dates and times on the mirror surface. In addition, the voice recognition feature was used to answer spoken inquiries in audio responds to serve all types of users including disabled ones. Furthermore, the system showed general information such as date, weather, time and the university map. The smart mirror was connected to an outdoor camera to monitor the traffics at the university entrance gate. The system was implemented on a Raspberry Pi 4 model B connected to a two-way mirror and an infrared (IR) touch frame. The results of this study helped to overcome the problem of the information desk absence in the university. Therefore, it helped users to save their time and effort in making requests for important academic information.
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Esashi, Masayoshi, Shuji Tanaka, Seiji Aoyagi, Takashi Mineta, Koichi Suzumori, Tetsuji Dohi, and Norihisa Miki. "Special Issue on MEMS for Robotics and Mechatronics." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 32, no. 2 (April 20, 2020): 279–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2020.p0279.
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MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) is a technology that is used to incorporate sensors, actuators, microstructures, and circuits on chips by using a combination of various technologies with semiconductor process. MEMS are also used in robotics and mechatronics since they can provide compact, low-cost functional components that play crucial roles in their respective systems. We would like to elaborate on the history of MEMS technology, whose initial development started around 1970. In 1960s, Dr. Isemi Igarashi of Toyota Central R&D Labs., Inc. in Japan developed a semiconductor pressure sensor of piezo-resistance type. In 1980s, the pressure sensors were used to control automobile engines to clear exhaust gas regulations and thus contributed to solving environmental issues. In 1990s, semiconductor acceleration sensors were used for passive safety technologies to detect collision of automobiles and activate air bags, which resulted in decrease in traffic fatalities. In 2000s, an active safety system with gyro sensors was developed to detect and control spinning of a vehicle. In future, space recognition sensors with optical scanners to measure light propagation time and detect distance to an object will be used for autonomous driving. For smartphones, a microphone, an acceleration sensor, and a gyro sensor are used in user interface, and a film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) is used in a wireless communication filter. For projectors, the built-in circuit of a mirror array system is used to move mirrors placed in an array. After the development of projectors, films have not been used in movie theaters. MEMS are also widely used in medical and biological fields, such as blood pressure measurement. Esashi began research on a semiconductor ion sensor ISFET (ion sensitive field effect transistor) in 1971. ISFET detects ion concentration in electrolyte by exposing the insulating film of an insulated gate transistor to the liquid. He set up a prototyping facility when he was a graduate student and wrote only one paper on this research, although the prototyping facility was used afterwards. The ion sensor was certified under the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law after a 12-year application process and was used as catheter-type pH sensor to diagnose reflux esophagitis. MEMS are widely used for minimally invasive medical treatment, which causes minimum damage to human body. Moreover, MEMS are used as disposable sensors to prevent infection or as implanted devices. In addition, MEMS are used for production inspection and scientific instrument, including scanning probe microscopes (SPMs), which observe atoms using extremely small nano-probes, and probe cards that simultaneously test several integrated circuits on a wafer using aligned probes. When he was an associate professor, Esashi improved the prototyping facility that he made when he was a student and made a large scale integrated circuit (LSI). After he became a professor, he accepted researchers from more than 130 companies and developed MEMS using the prototyping facility to develop a product through the academia-industry collaboration. He realized integrated MEMS by combining LSI and MEMS. This includes a system of many tactile sensors attached on the body surface of a safe robot for real-time detection of contact through packet communication. After he retired from the university, he developed a “prototype coin laundry,” which enables companies to do develop without having their own prototyping facility. The prototype coin laundry is a system where engineers can use the prototyping facility to develop devices, and the system has been managed by successors. Unlike integrated circuits for which standardization is easy, standardization of MEMS is challenging because of difficulty in development. It is necessary to access various knowledge for the development of MEMS, and he has made efforts to provide the knowledge. Finally, we would like to thank authors who submitted papers to this Special Issue on MEMS for Robotics and Mechatronics as well as those who were involved in editing and reviewing the papers. We sincerely hope for further development in this field of research.
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Litwin, Dariusz, Jacek Galas, Marek Daszkiewicz, Tadeusz Kryszczyński, Adam Czyżewski, and Kamil Radziak. "Dedicated optical systems of the Institute of Applied Optics." Photonics Letters of Poland 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v11i2.898.
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The paper presents a collection of selected optical systems recently developed in the Institute of Applied Optics-INOS. The collection includes the family of techniques where the continuously modified wavelength facilitates high accuracy measurements of optical and geometrical features of the object in question i.e. the variable wavelength interferometry and confocal chromatic sensors. In addition, the paper refers to the construction of a new type of a spectrometer with rotating plasma and an illumination system supporting the road safety. Full Text: PDF ReferencesM. Pluta, Advanced Light Microscopy (Vol. 3, PWN, Elsevier, Warszawa-Amsterdam-London-New York-Tokyo, 1993). DirectLink M. Pluta, "Object-adapted variable-wavelength interferometry. I. Theoretical basis", Journal of Opt. Soc. Am., A4(11), 2107 (1987). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength microinterferometry of textile fibres", J. Microscopy, 149(2), 97 (1988). CrossRef M. Pluta, "On double‐refracting microinterferometers which suffer from a variable interfringe spacing across the image plane", Journal of Microscopy, 145(2), 191 (1987). CrossRef K. A. El-Farahaty, A. M. Sadik, A. M. Hezma, "Study of Optical and Structure Properties of Polyester (PET) and Copolyester (PETG) Fibers by Interferometry", International Journal of Polymeric Materials 56(7),715 (2007). CrossRef J. Galas, D. Litwin, M. Daszkiewicz, "New approach for identifying the zero-order fringe in variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10142, 101421R (2016). CrossRef A. Sadik, W. A. Ramadan, D. Litwin, "Variable incidence angle method combined with Pluta polarizing interference microscope for refractive index and thickness measurement of single-medium fibres", Measurement Science and Technology, IOP Publishing 14(10), 1753 (2003). CrossRef J. Galas, S. Sitarek; D. Litwin; M. Daszkiewicz, "Fringe image analysis for variable wavelength interferometry", Proc. SPIE 10445, 1044504 (2017). CrossRef D. Litwin, A. M. Sadik, "Computer-aided variable wavelength Fourier transform polarizing microscopy of birefringent fibers.", Optica Applicata 28(2), 139 (1998). DirectLink D. Litwin, J. Galas, N. Błocki, "Automated variable wavelength interferometry in reflected light mode", Proc.SPIE 6188, 61880F (2006). CrossRef M. Pluta, "Variable wavelength interferometry of birefringent retarders", Opt. Laser Technology, 19(3), 131 (1987). CrossRef K. Fladischer et al. "An ellipsoidal mirror for focusing neutral atomic and molecular beams", New journal of Physics, 12(3) 033018 (2010). CrossRef K. Fladischer et al. "An optical profilometer for characterizing complex surfaces under high vacuum conditions", Precision engineering Elsevier 32(3), 182 (2008). CrossRef A.E. Weeks et al. "Accurate surface profilometry of ultrathin wafers", Semiconductor Science and Technology", IOP Publishing, 22(9), 997 (2007). CrossRef D. Litwin et al. "Overview of the measuring systems where a continuously altered light source plays a key role: Part I", Proc. SPIE 10808, 10 8080B (2018). CrossRef D. Litwin et al. "Noise reduction in an optical emission spectrometer with rotating diffraction grating", Proc. SPIE 10142 101421Q (2016). CrossRef D. Litwin et al. "Photonics approach to traffic signs", Proc SPIE 10142 1014214, (2016). CrossRef
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Nurdiansyah, Alfian, Nugroho Suharto, and Hudiono Hudiono. "Analisis Mirror Server menggunakan Load Balancing pada Jaringan Area Lokal." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 10, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v10i4.57.
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Server merupakan serbuah sistem yang memberikan layanan tertentu pada suatu jaringan komputer. Server mempunyai sistem operasi sendiri yang disebut sistem operasi jaringan. Server juga mengontrol semua akses terhadap jaringan yang ada didalamnya. Agar membantu tugas server, dibuatlah sistem mirroring server dimana server tersebut menduplikasi sebuah data set atau tiruan persis dari sebuah server yang menyediakan berbagai informasi. Mirror server atau disebut juga sinkronisasi server merupakan duplikat dari suatu server. Untuk menambah kinerja dari server maka dibutuhkan load balancer. Load balancing adalah teknik untuk mendistribusikan internet dua jalur koneksi secara seimbang. Dengan penerapan load balancing trafik akan berjalan lebih optimal, memaksimalkan throughput dan menghindari overload pada jalur koneksi. Iptables digunakan untuk memfilter IP sehigga client mengakses server sesuai dengan zona server yang paling dekat. Sehingga load balance yang dipadukan dengan iptables dapat membuat kinerja server menjadi lebih ringan. Masalah yang sering terjadi adalah ketika banyaknya client yang mengakses sebuah server maka server akan overload dan mengakibatkan kinerja server menjadi berat karena padatnya trafik. Client yang mengakses juga mendapatkan efek dari hal tersebut yaitu akses yang lama. Dari hasil penelitian tentang perpaduan antara load balance dan iptables didapati bahwa load balance dengan algoritma round robin rata-rata delay yang didapatkan untuk server1 yaitu 0,149 detik dan 0,19122. Server2 rata-rata delay yang didapatkan 0,161 detik dan 0,012 detik.
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Kvitchuk, Anatoly. "Ensuring road safety: the main stages of institutionalization in Russia." Vestnik of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 2021, no. 2 (July 8, 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35750/2071-8284-2021-2-41-49.
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The article is devoted to the historical and legal study of the development and formation of the road safety system, the regularity of its development, legal regulation, especially during the period of motorization of the Russian Empire, and then the Soviet Republic, when the legislator set the tasks of ensuring road safety in a concrete form. Their consolidation in normative legal acts was of a casual nature, for example: avoid riding horses and bicycles on sidewalks; observe that painters with tubs, buckets and other accessories, hand carts and sleds, do not walk on the sidewalks, but follow the roads, obeying the general order of traffic on the street; not allowed to play balls, and similar games in the street in front of the houses, to fly kites, to wear uncovered mirrors so as not to frighten horses, to clutter the sidewalks with barrels, tar boxes, and firewood, and to prevent peddlers and merchants from blocking the free passage on the bridge and the passage on the sidewalk with their trays.
The international experience of traffic regulation was used. Special attention was paid to the training of the driver’s staff. The propaganda of road safety of the Soviet society was widely introduced in all spheres of life, and then became part of the ideological education of the Soviet person. New «Traffic rules on the streets of cities, settlements and roads of the USSR» were approved. The State Traffic Inspectorate was reformed and new technologies were introduced into its activities, control and supervision of traffic was improved with the use of technical means and innovative technologies, which certainly affected a significant reduction in accidents in Russia.
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Mortimer, Rudolf G. "Older Drivers' Visibility and Comfort in Night Driving: Vehicle Design Factors." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 3 (October 1989): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903300301.
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Older persons are a growing proportion in the population, among drivers and those involved in traffic accidents. Changes in visual abilities of older persons are pertinent to night driving in which they need greater brightness contrast to see and minimum glare. Vehicle headlighting and related factors are reviewed which affect visibility and comfort in night driving. Older drivers, in particular, would be aided at night by: increasing the reflectivity of objects, limiting the mounting height of headlamps, appropriate reflectivities of mirrors for control of glare, automatic headlamp alignment, automatic headlamp cleaning and beam patterns that emphasize glare control.
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Olejnik, Krzysztof. "ESTIMATION OF THE NEED FOR HARMONIZATION OF TECHNICAL DEMANDS FOR VEHICLES USED IN TRANSIT COUNTRIES TO DECREASE THREATS MADE BY THE ACCIDENTS, PRESENTED IN THE SELECTED EXAMPLES." TRANSPORT 23, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-4142.2008.23.78-81.
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The paper shows the need to make harmonization of the technical demands concerning the vehicles used in the traffic. The vehicles moving now on the roads in the transit countries were allowed to be driven according to demands which were milder than the present binding ones. Some rules were changed because the performing technical progress and development of the devices allowed sharpening the demands for the new registered vehicles in order to decrease the number of accidents. It results from the fact that earlier registered vehicles are more susceptible to accidents. The analysis of this problem was presented in 4 selected cases connected with the safety of participants in the traffic. The paper also discusses the need to equip the trucks already used in Poland with the devices of indirect visibility which enable to observe a much bigger area in the neighbourhood of the vehicle. Increase of indirect visibility from the driver's seat improves the safety system of the participants in the road traffic. Application of the demands of the Directive 2003/97 (which is obligatory for the newly produced vehicles) to the vehicles earlier registered can be done by replacement and installment of the new mirrors which contain the bigger areas. The solution to the problem of the limited visibility at the inclined crossing of roads and enlarged crossing by turn to the left is proposed.
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Ferretti, Stefano, Marco Roccetti, and Claudio E. Palazzi. "Intelligent Synchronization for Mirrored Game Servers: A Real Case Study." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 12, no. 2 (March 20, 2008): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2008.p0132.
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Multiplayer Online Games (MOGs) embody intensive applications that require smart solutions able to cope with the high network traffic generated by players, variable latencies, and system failures. To this aim, the anatomy of the game architecture should reflect the possibly wide geographical dispersion of players interacting in a game session. Whereas the use of mirrored game servers has been recognized as a scalable solution to support MOGs, yet, a critical aspect remains that of identifying an efficient synchronization scheme able to responsively guarantee the consistency of the redundant game state. To address this issue, we added intelligence to an optimistic synchronization scheme for mirrored game server architectures: our scheme is able to classify events and, based on their semantics, relax ordering and reliability constraints to gain responsiveness without sacrificing consistency. In this work, we describe the devised scheme and report on an experimental assessment that is based on a real implementation of a mirrored game server architecture, deployed over the Internet. Results definitively show the efficacy of our approach.
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Giusto, Salvatore. "La Terra dei Fuochi." International Journal of Semiotics and Visual Rhetoric 2, no. 1 (January 2018): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsvr.2018010102.
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In the summer of 2013, two major televisual outlets released a groundbreaking campaign of information about a massive mafia-lead traffic of toxic and radioactive waste involving the peripheries of Napoli and Caserta, southern Italy, which was historically covered up by the national secret services. The widespread mass-mediation of such a dramatic news significantly impacted the local cultural sphere. At the same time, it elicited eclectic (re)actions among the dwellers of these two areas, which the media dubbed as the “Land of Fires.” This article ethnographically analyzes the “Land of Fires” case study as a discursive milieu that mirrors the relationships between power, cultural production, and political change in neoliberal Italy. In so doing, it aims to redefine the contemporary Italian mediascape, which most academic literature describes as a “cynical” machine of political consent merely engendering “televised” subjectivities amid its publics, as an highly controversial (but still sophisticated and vibrant) space of socio-cultural production.
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Telpaz, Ariel, Brian Rhindress, Ido Zelman, and Omer Tsimhoni. "Using a Vibrotactile Seat for Facilitating the Handover of Control during Automated Driving." International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 9, no. 3 (July 2017): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2017070102.
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Studies have found that drivers tend to neglect their surrounding traffic during automated driving. This may lead to a late and inefficient resumption of control in case of handover of the driving task to the driver. The authors evaluated the effectiveness of a vibrotactile seat displaying spatial information regarding vehicles approaching from behind to enhance the driver preparedness to the handover of control. A simulator experiment, involving 26 participants, showed that when drivers were required to regain control of the vehicle, having a vibrotactile seat improved speed and efficiency of reactions in scenarios requiring lane changing immediately following a handover. In addition, eye-tracking analysis showed that the participants had more systematic scan patterns of the mirrors in the first two seconds following the transition of control request. Interestingly, this effect exists in-spite of the finding that during automated driving mode, having a vibrotactile display led to fewer glances at the road.
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Jensen, Søren Underlien. "Car Drivers’ Experienced Level of Service on Freeways." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2615, no. 1 (January 2017): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2615-15.
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The Danish Road Directorate sponsored a study to develop methods for quantifying car drivers’ experienced level of service on freeways. The results provide a measure of how well freeways accommodate car travel. To determine how traffic operations, geometric conditions, and other variables affect car drivers’ satisfaction, 188 randomly selected respondents were shown 80 video clips of roadway segments filmed from a driven passenger car. Video clips consisted of high-resolution video filmed through a windshield, side windows including exterior mirrors, and a rear window. Video clips also included a GPS-based speedometer. Respondents rated video clips on a six-point scale ranging from very satisfied to very dissatisfied. The result was 7,497 usable ratings. Four hundred to 450 variables described respondents’ answers to six background questions and the video clips, that is, roadway segment geometries, traffic operations, surroundings, weather, and so forth. Car driver satisfaction models were developed with cumulative logit regression and ordinary generalized linear modeling. The six presented models included three to 10 variables, which related significantly ( p ≤ .05) to satisfaction ratings. These variables were average speed, speed limit, width of hard shoulder, number of entries and other merge areas per mile, number of exits and other diverge areas per mile, flow of long vehicles per lane per hour, direction of sunlight, driver age, type of driver’s license, and driver yearly mileage. Models returned percentage splits of the six levels of satisfaction or average satisfaction. These splits or averages were transformed into a level of service.
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Lin, Hui, Ya Zhou Ji, Liang Liang, Wei Liu, and Zhao Ling Hu. "Reconstruction of Three Dimensional City Model Based on LIDAR." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5648.
Full textAbstract:
The research of Three Dimensional City Model (3DCM) has become a hot topic in GIS field in recent years, and it also has played an important role in traffic, land, mining, surveying and mapping, and other fields, especially in urban planning. However, the difficulty to acquire 3D data is the key obstacle to the further development of 3DCM. Airborne LIDAR, integrating GPS, INS and scanning laser rangefinder, can rapidly acquire the 3D position of ground by airplane, which is very economical, efficient and convenient to acquire 3D data. Because traditional three-dimensional data acquisition method can’t meet the need of the city’s fast development, airborne LIDAR technology is regarded as a convenient, swift, high-efficient three-dimensional data acquisition method. Compared with traditional methods, the airborne LIDAR technology has the following characteristics: 1) High efficiency: in 12 hours, the airborne LIDAR can scan 1000 square kilometers, next, with the help of the related post-processing software, LIDAR cloud data can transform them into GIS format or other receivable format in certain automatic or semiautomatic mode. 2) High precision: because the pulse of laser light isn’t easily subject to shadow and solar angle, it greatly improves the data quality. The flight height limit has no influence on its elevation data precision, which is superior to the conventional photogrammetry. The plane precision may achieve 0.15 to 1 meter, the elevation precision may achieve 10 centimeters. 3) All-weather feature: airborne LIDAR is active remote sensing without considering the digital aerial photogrammetry. 4) Rich information: with the aid of airborne LIDAR ,we can obtains not only the three dimensional coordinate of ground point, but also the three dimensional coordinate of terrain details, such as trees, buildings, roads. If it is integrated with CCD, it could gains image information. We acquired the airborne LIDAR data of 20 square kilometers in the central area of Shanghai using ALTM3100 airborne LIDAR system of the Optech company in 2006.This paper introduces the data processing procedure of the airborne LIDAR data, LIDAR system uses random commercial software to process plane GPS tracking data、plane attitude data、 laser ranging data and the swinging angle data of laser scanning mirror, finally, obtaining the three-dimensional coordinates(X,Y,Z) data of various surveying points. Which three-dimensional discrete dot matrix data is without attribute suspending in the air namely LIDAR original data, named “point cloud”. LIDAR data performs pre-processing to obtain digital surface model (DSM), which is classified and extracted, we acquire topography and object related to modeling, preparing for three-dimensional city model. Data pre-processing includes abnormal point deletion, coordinate transformation and flight strip combination. At present, we used famous business software TerraSolid, developed by Company of Finland to realize the classification and extraction from the LIDAR data TerraSolid depends on MicroStation platform, on the basis of classification and extraction algorithms presented by Axelsson, et al. of Swedish, including a lot of module such as TerraScan, TerraModeler and TerraPhoto. TerraScan is used in the field of LIDAR data classification and extraction, TerraModeler is used for producing and dealing with various planes, TerraPhoto is used for dealing with the primitive image, topography model and building model are got by using this software, complicated artificial building (Oriental Pearl, Jin Mao mansion etc.) need artificial repair and disposal, data processing of 20 sq. km. takes more than one month, efficiency has been improved greatly on the premise of guaranteeing the precision. Topography model and building model can be obtained by using TerraSolid and combining a few manual intervention based on DSM, The topography model is expressed with the triangulated irregular network (TIN), the building model is expressed with 3ds format, three dimensional model of non - texture of Lujiazui region of Shanghai was gained by LIDAR data. In order to achieving better visualization effect, the topography model overlaps orthophoto, and stuck true texture to building model, true city landscape of Lujiazui region of Shanghai is established. This paper has introduce post-processing procedure of airborne LIDAR data systematically, has realized the fast reconstruction of three-dimension urban model based on LIDAR data, enable this technology to serve the information construction of the city better.
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Mostary, Kazi Fardana, Kazi Shafiqul Halim, Mohammad Mohibur Rahman, Md Safikul Islam, Atiya Tasnim Muna, and Bushra E. Zannat Khan. "Pattern of road tra!c injuries and disability burden among accident victims." Bangladesh Medical Journal 47, no. 1 (August 28, 2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v47i1.42821.
Full textAbstract:
Worldwide road traffic injuries cause more than 1.2 million deaths every year and alarming rise has been observed in road accidents in Bangladesh over the past few years. A cross- sectional study was carried out from January to December 2017 to determine the pattern of road traffic injuries with disability burden among accident victims. 190 respondents were selected from Center for the rehabilitation of the paralyzed (CRP) at Savar and Mirpur in Dhaka by purposive sampling. Data was collected by face to face interview by using semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. A large number of accident victims in this study were male (79.5%), Muslim (93.2%), married (85.3%) with middle age group (35.8%). Most of the accident victims came from rural area (62.6%) and place of most accident occurred in subway (73.1%). Highest number of accident occurred by motorized two wheels (47.3%). Fracture (48.9%) were most common types of injury among accident victims and affected part were most commonly the extremities (32.9%) and injury category were maximum injury (38.9%). Years of life lived with disability was highest in spinal cord injury (172.36). Among those who were in middle age group, suffered longer than other injury with years of life lived with disability. It found people who were injured from motorized two wheels had suffered longer years lived with disabilities of life than other types of vehicle injury(82.02).The result indicates the pattern of injuries and accident victims who were lived with disability for long time.
Bangladesh Med J. 2018 Jan; 47 (1): 28-32
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Maisel, A. S., H. J. Motulsky, M. G. Ziegler, and P. A. Insel. "Ischemia- and agonist-induced changes in alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor traffic in guinea pig hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 253, no. 5 (November 1, 1987): H1159—H1166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1987.253.5.h1159.
Full textAbstract:
We have used radioligand binding techniques and subcellular fractionation to assess whether changes in expression of myocardial alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptors are mediated by a redistribution of receptors between various membrane fractions. Three fractions were prepared from the left ventricles of guinea pigs that underwent either 1 h of ischemia or injection of epinephrine (0.25 mg/kg ip): a crude membrane, a purified sarcolemma, and a light vesicle fraction. In control animals alpha 1-adrenergic receptors ([3H]prazosin binding) in light vesicles was only 25% of the total alpha 1-receptor density found in sarcolemmal and light vesicle fractions as compared with 50% for beta-adrenergic receptors ([125I]iodocyanopindolol binding sites). Although ischemia was associated with a 53% decrease in the number of light vesicle beta-adrenergic receptors and a 42% increase in the number of sarcolemma beta-receptors (P less than 0.05), there was no change in the number of light vesicle alpha 1-receptors, even though the number of sarcolemmal alpha 1-receptors increased 34%. Epinephrine treatment promoted internalization of beta-adrenergic receptors; sarcolemma beta-receptors decreased 37% and light vesicle beta-receptors increased 28% (P less than 0.025). For alpha 1-receptors, epinephrine treatment decreased the number of sarcolemmal receptors 41% (P less than 0.025) but failed to increase the number of receptors in the light vesicle fraction. The changes in receptor binding to beta-adrenergic receptors in sarcolemmal fractions were mirrored by parallel changes in isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. These results indicate that alpha 1- and beta-adrenergic receptors may undergo a different cellular itinerary in guinea pig myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Merickel, Jennifer, Robin High, Lynette Smith, Chris Wichman, Emily Frankel, Kaitlin Smits, Andjela Drincic, et al. "At-Risk Driving Behavior in Drivers with Diabetes: A Neuroergonomics Approach." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601950.
Full textAbstract:
This pilot study tackles the overarching need for driver-state detection through real-world measurements of driver behavior and physiology in at-risk drivers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). 35 drivers (19 DM, 14 comparison) participated. Real-time glucose levels were measured over four weeks with continuous glucose monitor (CGM) wearable sensors. Contemporaneous real-world driving performance and behavior were measured with in-vehicle video and electronic sensor instrumentation packages. Results showed clear links between at-risk glucose levels (particularly hypoglycemia) and changes in driver performance and behavior. DM participants often drove during at-risk glucose levels (low and high) and showed cognitive impairments in key domains for driving, which are likely linked to frequent hypoglycemia. The finding of increased driving risk in DM participants was mirrored in state records of crashes and traffic citations. Combining sensor data and phenotypes of driver behavior can inform patients, caregivers, safety interventions, policy, and design of supportive in-vehicle technology that is responsive to driver state.
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Durán Segura, Mercedes, David Cantón Cortés, and Cándida Castro Ramírez. "Changing patterns in women´s driving." International Journal of Psychological Research 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2009): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21500/20112084.878.
Full textAbstract:
Until relatively recently, the task of driving a vehicle was almost exclusively one for men. Only in the last few decades have women taken en masse to driving. This review analyses the driving behaviour of men and women and attempts to establish whether women are better or worse drivers than men. It is paradoxical that according to the stereotype, women are less skilful at carrying out manoeuvres such as parking. However, it is said that women are more cautious at the wheel. The statistics show that men tend to be over-represented in traffic accidents although women are said to get distracted more easily, for example by looking at themselves in mirrors. This study discusses to what extent women's driving patterns differ from those of men, how they have changed in recent decades and what the future predicts, taking into account the accident data of these groups. We contrast the popular belief, which portrays women as bad drivers, with data compiled from the literature on evolutionary and constitutional differences and the differing vulnerability of the two genders. We analyse whether differences exist in the frequency of driving between men and women, evaluating the characteristics, types of journey, accident data and, among other issues, styles of driving: caution vs. aggression at the wheel.
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Huang, Yi-Wei, Ming Yan, Richard F. Collins, Jessica E. DiCiccio, Sergio Grinstein, and William S. Trimble. "Mammalian Septins Are Required for Phagosome Formation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 19, no. 4 (April 2008): 1717–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-07-0641.
Full textAbstract:
Septins are members of a highly conserved family of filamentous proteins that are required in many organisms for the completion of cytokinesis. In addition, septins have been implicated in a number of important cellular processes and have been suggested to have roles in regulating membrane traffic. Given the proposed role of septins in cell membrane dynamics, we investigated the function of septins during FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. We show that several septins are expressed in RAW264.7 and J774 mouse macrophage cell lines and that SEPT2 and SEPT11 are colocalized with submembranous actin-rich structures during the early stages of FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. In addition, SEPT2 accumulation is seen in primary human neutrophils and in nonprofessional phagocytes. The time course of septin accumulation mirrors actin accumulation and is inhibited by latrunculin and genistein, but not other inhibitors of phagocytosis. Inhibition of septin function by transient expression of the BD3 domain of BORG3, known to cause septin aggregation, or depletion of SEPT2 or SEPT11 by RNAi, significantly inhibited FcγR-mediated phagocytosis of IgG-coated latex beads. Interestingly, this occurred without affecting the accumulation of actin or the actin-associated protein coronin-1. These observations show that, although not necessary for actin recruitment, septins are required for efficient FcγR-mediated phagocytosis.