Journal articles: 'Trafic viral'

1

Luethy, Lauren N., and Julie K. Pfeiffer. "Viral Infection Brings Mitochondrial Traffic to a Standstill." Cell Host & Microbe 11, no. 5 (May 2012): 420–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2012.05.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Enserink, M. "AVIAN INFLUENZA: Keeping Track of Viral Air Traffic." Science 310, no. 5747 (October 21, 2005): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.310.5747.428.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Morse, Stephen S. "Emerging Viruses: Defining the Rules for Viral Traffic." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 34, no. 3 (1991): 387–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1991.0038.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Roman, Laura M., and Henrik Garoff. "Revelation through exploitation: the viral model for intracellular traffic." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 10, no. 11 (November 1985): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(85)90024-6.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Rosas-Acosta, Germán, Sharon C. Braunagel, and Max D. Summers. "Effects of Deletion and Overexpression of the Autographa californica Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus FP25KGene on Synthesis of Two Occlusion-Derived Virus Envelope Proteins and Their Transport into Virus-Induced Intranuclear Membranes." Journal of Virology 75, no. 22 (November 15, 2001): 10829–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.22.10829-10842.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Partial deletions within Autographa californica open reading frame 61 (FP25K) alter the expression and accumulation profile of several viral proteins and the transport of occlusion-derived virus (ODV)-E66 to intranuclear membranes during infection (S. C. Braunagel et al., J. Virol. 73:8559–8570, 1999). Here we show the effects of a full deletion and overexpression of FP25K on the transport and expression of two ODV envelope proteins, ODV-E66 (E66) and ODV-E25 (E25). Deletion and overexpression of FP25K substantially altered the levels of expression of E66 during infection. Compared with cells infected with wild-type (wt) virus, the levels of E66 were reduced fivefold in cells infected with a viral mutant lacking FP25K (ΔFP25K) and were slightly increased in cells infected with a viral mutant overexpressing FP25K (FP25Kpolh). In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the levels of E25 among wt-, ΔFP25K-, and FP25Kpolh-infected cells. The changes observed in the levels of E66 among the different viral mutants were not accompanied by changes in either the time of synthesis, membrane association, protein turnover, or steady-state transcript abundance. Deletion of FP25K also substantially altered the transport and localization of E66 during infection. In cells infected with the ΔFP25K mutant virus, E66 accumulated in localized regions at the nuclear periphery and the outer nuclear membrane and did not traffic to intranuclear membranes. In contrast, in cells infected with the FP25Kpolh mutant virus E66 trafficked to intranuclear membranes. For comparison, E25 was normally transported to intranuclear membranes in both ΔFP25K- and FP25Kpolh-infected cells. Altogether these studies suggest that FP25K affects the synthesis of E66 at a posttranscriptional level, probably by altering the translation of E66; additionally, the block in transport of E66 at the nuclear envelope in ΔFP25K-infected cells suggests that the pathway of E66 trafficking to the inner nuclear membrane and intranuclear microvesicles is specifically regulated and must be influenced by factors that do not control the traffic of E25.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Lidsky, Peter V., Stanleyson Hato, Maryana V. Bardina, Alexei G. Aminev, Ann C. Palmenberg, Eugene V. Sheval, Vladimir Y. Polyakov, Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld, and Vadim I. Agol. "Nucleocytoplasmic Traffic Disorder Induced by Cardioviruses." Journal of Virology 80, no. 6 (March 15, 2006): 2705–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.6.2705-2717.2006.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Some picornaviruses, for example, poliovirus, increase bidirectional permeability of the nuclear envelope and suppress active nucleocytoplasmic transport. These activities require the viral protease 2Apro. Here, we studied nucleocytoplasmic traffic in cells infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV; a cardiovirus), which lacks the poliovirus 2Apro-related protein. EMCV similarly enhanced bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic traffic. By using the fluorescent “Timer” protein, which contains a nuclear localization signal, we showed that the cytoplasmic accumulation of nuclear proteins in infected cells was largely due to the nuclear efflux of “old” proteins rather than impaired active nuclear import of newly synthesized molecules. The nuclear envelope of digitonin-treated EMCV-infected cells permitted rapid efflux of a nuclear marker protein. Inhibitors of poliovirus 2Apro did not prevent the EMCV-induced efflux. Extracts from EMCV-infected cells and products of in vitro translation of viral RNAs contained an activity increasing permeability of the nuclear envelope of uninfected cells. This activity depended on the expression of the viral leader protein. Mutations disrupting the zinc finger motif of this protein abolished its efflux-inducing ability. Inactivation of the L protein phosphorylation site (Thr47→Ala) resulted in a delayed efflux, while a phosphorylation-mimicking (Thr47→Asp) replacement did not significantly impair the efflux-inducing ability. Such activity of extracts from EMCV-infected cells was suppressed by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. As evidenced by electron microscopy, cardiovirus infection resulted in alteration of the nuclear pores, but it did not trigger degradation of the nucleoporins known to be degraded in the poliovirus-infected cells. Thus, two groups of picornaviruses, enteroviruses and cardioviruses, similarly alter the nucleocytoplasmic traffic but achieve this by strikingly different mechanisms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Suikkanen, Sanna, Tuula Aaltonen, Marjukka Nevalainen, Outi Välilehto, Laura Lindholm, Matti Vuento, and Maija Vihinen-Ranta. "Exploitation of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Dynein during Parvoviral Traffic toward the Nucleus." Journal of Virology 77, no. 19 (October 1, 2003): 10270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.19.10270-10279.2003.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Canine parvovirus (CPV), a model virus for the study of parvoviral entry, enters host cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, escapes from endosomal vesicles to the cytosol, and then replicates in the nucleus. We examined the role of the microtubule (MT)-mediated cytoplasmic trafficking of viral particles toward the nucleus. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy showed that capsids were transported through the cytoplasm into the nucleus after cytoplasmic microinjection but that in the presence of MT-depolymerizing agents, viral capsids were unable to reach the nucleus. The nuclear accumulation of capsids was also reduced by microinjection of an anti-dynein antibody. Moreover, electron microscopy and light microscopy experiments demonstrated that viral capsids associate with tubulin and dynein in vitro. Coprecipitation studies indicated that viral capsids interact with dynein. When the cytoplasmic transport process was studied in living cells by microinjecting fluorescently labeled capsids into the cytoplasm of cells containing fluorescent tubulin, capsids were found in close contact with MTs. These results suggest that intact MTs and the motor protein dynein are required for the cytoplasmic transport of CPV capsids and contribute to the accumulation of the capsid in the nucleus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Haupt, Sophie, Graham H. Cowan, Angelika Ziegler, Alison G. Roberts, Karl J. Oparka, and Lesley Torrance. "Two Plant–Viral Movement Proteins Traffic in the Endocytic Recycling Pathway." Plant Cell 17, no. 1 (December 17, 2004): 164–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.104.027821.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Meng, Ji Xian, and Xin Zhong Lu. "The Application of Graph Theory Method in the Problem of Traffic Patrol Police Service Platform’s Site Selection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 246-247 (December 2012): 723–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.246-247.723.

Full text

Abstract:

In order to maintain good social order, we need set some traffic patrol police service platforms at the vital communication line and important position of the city. In this paper, we will use graph theory method to deal with the problem of traffic patrol police service platform’s site selection for a fixed unban area. When there are some emergency events happened in the fixed area, these traffic patrol police service platforms should make corresponding response and close vital communication line immediately. So we also need to establish a optimal mathematics model to obtain a reasonable arrangement for closing the vital communication line. Meanwhile, building a scientific index system will help us to measure whether these arrangements reasonable or not.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Sawalka, Deepak R. "Traffic Sign Classification." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37921.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract: The traffic signs engraved on the streets nowadays improve traffic security by advising the driver regarding speed limits or any further potential perils like profound thrilling streets, inescapable fix street works or any common intersections. With the quick improvement of economy and innovation in the cutting edge society, vehicles have become an imperative method for transportation in the day by day travel of individuals. Albeit the fame of autos has acquainted impressive comfort with individuals, it has additionally caused a various traffic security issues that can't be overlooked, for example, gridlock and successive street mishaps. Traffic security issues are to a great extent brought about by abstract reasons identified with the driver, like obliviousness, inappropriate driving activity and resistance with traffic rules, and keen vehicles have become a compelling way to wipe out these human components. Self-driving innovation can help, or even autonomously complete the driving activity, which is vital to free the human body and extensively lessen the rate of mishaps. Traffic sign identification and acknowledgment are significant in the advancement of astute vehicles, which straightforwardly influences the execution of driving practices. Traffic sign identification and grouping is of vital significance for the fate of independent vehicle innovation. We benchmark the commented on dataset with AI baselines Convolutional Neural Organizations (CNN). Computational strategies for AI (ML) have shown their importance for the projection of possible outcomes for educated choices. AI calculations have been applied for quite a while in numerous applications. An information driven methodology with higher precision as here can be extremely valuable for a proactive reaction from the public authority and residents. At long last, we propose a bunch of exploration openings and arrangement justification for additional useful applications. Keywords: Convolutional Neural Networks, Traffic sign detection, Traffic safety, Computational Methods, machine Learning Algorithms

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Shimizu, Kenta, Kumiko Yoshimatsu, Takaaki Koma, Shumpei P. Yasuda, and Jiro Arikawa. "Role of nucleocapsid protein of hantaviruses in intracellular traffic of viral glycoproteins." Virus Research 178, no. 2 (December 2013): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2013.09.022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Ekwonwune, Emmanuel Nwabueze, Nwachukwu Catherine Ada Ngozi, and Osuagwu Oliver Eberechi. "ICT Devices: Vital Tools for Enhancing Road Traffic Monitoring." Communications and Network 10, no. 03 (2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cn.2018.103004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Ikonen, E., R. G. Parton, F. Lafont, and K. Simons. "Analysis of the role of p200-containing vesicles in post-Golgi traffic." Molecular Biology of the Cell 7, no. 6 (June 1996): 961–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.7.6.961.

Full text

Abstract:

p200 is a cytoplasmic protein that associates with vesicles budding from the trans-golgi network (TGN). The protein was identified by a monoclonal antibody AD7. We have used this antibody to analyze whether p200 functions in exocytic transport from the TGN to the apical or basolateral plasma membrane in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. We found that transport of the viral marker proteins, influenza hemagglutinin (HA) to the apical surface or vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV G) to the basolateral surface in streptolysin O-permeabilized cells was not affected when p200 was depleted from both the membranes and the cytosol. When vesicles isolated from perforated cells were analyzed by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation, the p200 immunoreactive membranes did not comigrate with either the apical vesicle marker HA or the basolateral vesicle marker VSV G. Immunoelectron microscopy of perforated and double-labeled cells showed that the p200 positive vesicular profiles were not labeled by antibodies to HA or VSV G when the viral proteins were accumulated in the TGN. Furthermore, the p200-decorated vesicles were more electron dense than those labeled with the viral antibodies. Together, these results suggest that p200 does not function in the transport pathways that carry HA from the TGN to the apical surface or VSV G from the TGN to the basolateral surface.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Martínez, José L., and Carlos F. Arias. "Role of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor GBF1 in the Replication of RNA Viruses." Viruses 12, no. 6 (June 24, 2020): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12060682.

Full text

Abstract:

The guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1 is a well-known factor that can activate different ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) proteins during the regulation of different cellular vesicular transport processes. In the last decade, it has become increasingly evident that GBF1 can also regulate different steps of the replication cycle of RNA viruses belonging to different virus families. GBF1 has been shown not only to facilitate the intracellular traffic of different viral and cellular elements during infection, but also to modulate the replication of viral RNA, the formation and maturation of viral replication complexes, and the processing of viral proteins through mechanisms that do not depend on its canonical role in intracellular transport. Here, we review the various roles that GBF1 plays during the replication of different RNA viruses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kai, Xie, and Xiao Xiong Weng. "Traffic Control Strategy Research in Logistics Park." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 540–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.540.

Full text

Abstract:

Logistic Park is a vital logistic infrastructure in modern logistics development, and traffic jam on roads inside the Park also raises concerns. During peak hours, key nodes and channels in the park are jammed due to excessive traffic flow, and vehicle transport in the park is severely restricted. Operation schedule mode of the logistics park determines operation mode of traffic, this paper analyzes operation mode of traffic starting with operation schedule mode, draws up rationality park management and traffic organization schemes to solve traffic jam in the park, and validates rationality and practicability of traffic organization schemes with computer simulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Jing, Peng, Farzin Haque, Dan Shu, Carlo Montemagno, and Peixuan Guo. "One-Way Traffic of a Viral Motor Channel for Double-Stranded DNA Translocation." Nano Letters 10, no. 9 (September 8, 2010): 3620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl101939e.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Genoves, A., V. Pallas, and J. A. Navarro. "Contribution of Topology Determinants of a Viral Movement Protein to Its Membrane Association, Intracellular Traffic, and Viral Cell-to-Cell Movement." Journal of Virology 85, no. 15 (May 18, 2011): 7797–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02465-10.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Dharan, Adarsh, Silvana Opp, Omar Abdel-Rahim, Sevnur Komurlu Keceli, Sabrina Imam, Felipe Diaz-Griffero, and Edward M. Campbell. "Bicaudal D2 facilitates the cytoplasmic trafficking and nuclear import of HIV-1 genomes during infection." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 50 (November 27, 2017): E10707—E10716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1712033114.

Full text

Abstract:

Numerous viruses, including HIV-1, exploit the microtubule network to traffic toward the nucleus during infection. Although numerous studies have observed a role for the minus-end microtubule motor dynein in HIV-1 infection, the mechanism by which the viral core containing the viral genome associates with dynein and induces its perinuclear trafficking has remained unclear. Here, we report that the dynein adapter protein bicaudal D2 (BICD2) is able to interact with HIV-1 viral cores in target cells. We also observe that BICD2 can bind in vitro-assembled capsid tubes through its CC3 domain. We observe that BICD2 facilitates infection by promoting the trafficking of viral cores to the nucleus, thereby promoting nuclear entry of the viral genome and infection. Finally, we observe that depletion of BICD2 in the monocytic cell line THP-1 results in an induction of IFN-stimulated genes in these cells. Collectively, these results identify a microtubule adapter protein critical for trafficking of HIV-1 in the cytoplasm of target cells and evasion of innate sensing mechanisms in macrophages.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Rakshitha, R., and M. J. Sudhamani. "Virtual Traffic Police." International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management 3, no. 9 (September 20, 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47607/ijresm.2020.296.

Full text

Abstract:

In the new advancing world, traffic rule infringement has become a focal issue for larger part of the creating nations. The quantities of vehicles are expanding quickly just as the quantities of traffic rule infringement are expanding exponentially. Overseeing traffic rule infringement has consistently been a lethal and trading off undertaking. Despite the fact that the procedure of traffic the executives has gotten robotized, it's an extremely testing issue, because of the decent variety of plate designs, various scales, revolutions and non-uniform brightening conditions during picture obtaining. The vital target of this undertaking is to control the traffic rule infringement precisely and cost adequately. The undertaking presents Automatic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) strategies and other picture control methods for plate confinement and character acknowledgment which makes it quicker and simpler to recognize the number plates. In the wake of perceiving the vehicle number from number plate the SMS based module is utilized to advise the vehicle proprietors about their traffic rule infringement. An extra SMS is sent to Regional Transport Office (RTO) for following the report status and furthermore to the proprietor of vehicles to advise about the standard infringement.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

DiGiuseppe, Stephen, Malgorzata Bienkowska-Haba, and Martin Sapp. "Human Papillomavirus Entry: Hiding in a Bubble." Journal of Virology 90, no. 18 (July 13, 2016): 8032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01065-16.

Full text

Abstract:

Incoming human papillomavirus (HPV) utilize vesicular transport to traffic from the plasma membrane to the trans-Golgi network. Following nuclear envelope breakdown during mitosis, the viral DNA associates with condensed chromosomes utilizing spindle microtubules for delivery. Most intriguingly, the viral DNA resides in a transport vesicle until mitosis is completed and the nuclear envelope has reformed. This finding provides support for the transient existence of nuclear membrane-bound vesicles. Due to their transient nature, it also points to the existence of a cell pathway for the disposal of vesicles ending up fortuitously or purposefully in the nucleus.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Helle, Francois, Lynda Handala, Marine Bentz, Gilles Duverlie, and Etienne Brochot. "Intercellular Transmission of Naked Viruses through Extracellular Vesicles: Focus on Polyomaviruses." Viruses 12, no. 10 (September 26, 2020): 1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12101086.

Full text

Abstract:

Extracellular vesicles have recently emerged as a novel mode of viral transmission exploited by naked viruses to exit host cells through a nonlytic pathway. Extracellular vesicles can allow multiple viral particles to collectively traffic in and out of cells, thus enhancing the viral fitness and diversifying the transmission routes while evading the immune system. This has been shown for several RNA viruses that belong to the Picornaviridae, Hepeviridae, Reoviridae, and Caliciviridae families; however, recent studies also demonstrated that the BK and JC viruses, two DNA viruses that belong to the Polyomaviridae family, use a similar strategy. In this review, we provide an update on recent advances in understanding the mechanisms used by naked viruses to hijack extracellular vesicles, and we discuss the implications for the biology of polyomaviruses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Xu, Meng, Xiao Dong Pan, Long Xi Sun, Gang Yan, and Feng Chen. "Intelligent Traffic System Design Research of Urban Complex Underground Garage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 743 (March 2015): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.743.715.

Full text

Abstract:

Reasonable traffic system design and management has vital significance to ensure the safe and smooth traffic operation of urban complex and urban traffic system. Based on the characteristics of urban complex, this paper analyzed intelligent traffic system design of underground garage of urban complex. The paper proposed a reasonable traffic system design method to ensure the smoothness and safety of urban complex traffic. Meanwhile the full-video intelligent parking garage management system with advantages of safe and advanced technology was adopted to realize user-friendly, intelligent and automation traffic management. Through intelligent traffic system design research of urban complex underground garage proposed in this paper, the operation efficiency of the underground garage was improved and the parking function and evacuation capacity of underground garage was brought into full play.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Morrow, C. D., J. Park, and J. K. Wakefield. "Viral gene products and replication of the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 266, no. 5 (May 1, 1994): C1135—C1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.266.5.c1135.

Full text

Abstract:

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic represents a modern-day plague that has not only resulted in a tragic loss of people from a wide spectrum of society but has reshaped our viewpoints regarding health care, the treatment of infectious diseases, and social issues regarding sexual behavior. There is little doubt now that the cause of the disease AIDS is a virus known as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The HIV virus is a member of a large family of viruses termed retroviruses, which have as a hallmark the capacity to convert their RNA genome into a DNA form that then undergoes a process of integration into the host cell chromosome, followed by the expression of the viral genome and translation of viral proteins in the infected cell. This review describes the organization of the HIV-1 viral genome, the expression of viral proteins, as well as the functions of the accessory viral proteins in HIV replication. The replication of the viral genome is divided into two phases, the early phase and the late phase. The early phase consists of the interaction of the virus with the cell surface receptor (CD4 molecule in most cases), the uncoating and conversion of the viral RNA genome into a DNA form, and the integration into the host cell chromosome. The late phase consists of the expression of the viral proteins from the integrated viral genome, the translation of viral proteins, and the assembly and release of the virus. Points in the HIV-1 life cycle that are targets for therapeutic intervention are also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Dodd, Dana A., Thomas H. Giddings, and Karla Kirkegaard. "Poliovirus 3A Protein Limits Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and Beta Interferon Secretion during Viral Infection." Journal of Virology 75, no. 17 (September 1, 2001): 8158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.17.8158-8165.2001.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT During viral infections, the host secretory pathway is crucial for both innate and acquired immune responses. For example, the export of most proinflammatory and antiviral cytokines, which recruit lymphocytes and initiate antiviral defenses, requires traffic through the host secretory pathway. To investigate potential effects of the known inhibition of cellular protein secretion during poliovirus infection on pathogenesis, cytokine secretion from cells infected with wild-type virus and with 3A-2, a mutant virus carrying an insertion in viral protein 3A which renders the virus defective in the inhibition of protein secretion, was tested. We show here that cells infected with 3A-2 mutant virus secrete greater amounts of cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, and beta interferon than cells infected with wild-type poliovirus. Increased cytokine secretion from the mutant-infected cells can be attributed to the reduced inhibition of host protein secretion, because no significant differences between 3A-2- and wild-type-infected cells were observed in the inhibition of viral growth, host cell translation, or the ability of wild-type- or 3A-2-infected cells to support the transcriptional induction of beta interferon mRNA. We surmise that the wild-type function of 3A in inhibiting ER-to-Golgi traffic is not required for viral replication in tissue culture but, by altering the amount of secreted cytokines, could have substantial effects on pathogenesis within an infected host. The global inhibition of protein secretion by poliovirus may reflect a general mechanism by which pathogens that do not require a functional protein secretory apparatus can reduce the native immune response and inflammation associated with infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Hauri, H. P., F. Kappeler, H. Andersson, and C. Appenzeller. "ERGIC-53 and traffic in the secretory pathway." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.4.587.

Full text

Abstract:

The ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) marker ERGIC-53 is a mannose-specific membrane lectin operating as a cargo receptor for the transport of glycoproteins from the ER to the ERGIC. Lack of functional ERGIC-53 leads to a selective defect in secretion of glycoproteins in cultured cells and to hemophilia in humans. Beyond its interest as a transport receptor, ERGIC-53 is an attractive probe for studying numerous aspects of protein trafficking in the secretory pathway, including traffic routes, mechanisms of anterograde and retrograde traffic, retention of proteins in the ER, and the function of the ERGIC. Understanding these fundamental processes of cell biology will be crucial for the elucidation and treatment of many inherited and acquired diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease and viral infections.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Nathan, Hannah L., Nicola Vousden, Elodie Lawley, Annemarie de Greeff, Natasha L. Hezelgrave, Nicola Sloan, Nina Tanna, et al. "Development and evaluation of a novel Vital Signs Alert device for use in pregnancy in low-resource settings." BMJ Innovations 4, no. 4 (September 19, 2018): 192–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2017-000235.

Full text

Abstract:

ObjectivesHaemorrhage, hypertension, sepsis and abortion complications (often from haemorrhage or sepsis) contribute to 60% of all maternal deaths. Each is associated with vital signs (blood pressure (BP) and pulse) abnormalities, and the majority of deaths are preventable through simple and timely intervention. This paper presents the development and evaluation of the CRADLE Vital Signs Alert (VSA), an accurate, low-cost and easy-to-use device measuring BP and pulse with an integrated traffic light early warning system. The VSA was designed to be used by all cadres of healthcare providers for pregnant women in low-resource settings with the aim to prevent avoidable maternal mortality and morbidity.MethodsThe development and the mixed-methods clinical evaluation of the VSA are described.ResultsPreliminary fieldwork identified that introduction of BP devices to rural clinics improved antenatal surveillance of BP in pregnant women. The aesthetics of the integrated traffic light system were developed through iterative qualitative evaluation. The traffic lights trigger according to evidence-based vital sign thresholds in hypertension and haemodynamic compromise from haemorrhage and sepsis. The VSA can be reliably used as an auscultatory device, as well as its primary semiautomated function, and is suitable as a self-monitor used by pregnant women.ConclusionThe VSA is an accurate device incorporating an evidence-based traffic light early warning system. It is designed to ensure suitability for healthcare providers with limited training and may improve care for women in pregnancy, childbirth and in the postnatal period.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kalpana, V., S. Shanthi, A. Sagai Francis Britto, and N. B. Prakash. "Internet of Thing Based Smart Traffic Control Signal Using Solar Energy." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 5334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9425.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays traffic congestion is major problem in all over the cities. The cities are renovated to “smart cities” by using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The IoT are playing a vital role in smart cities. This work proposes Internet of Thing (IoT) based smart traffic control signal using solar energy for smart cities. This signal is always coordinated with the emergency vehicle like ambulance to discover the signal and select the route where road traffic is dynamically controlled and the traffic violation vehicles are identified by traffic monitoring officers through internet. The traffic control signal lights are automatically controlled by Raspberry Pi controller with the help of IR sensor and RF signal. If any emergency vehicle will come nearby traffic control signal then the green signal shows for emergency vehicle and the remaining paths are shows as red signal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Aicher, Sophie-Marie, Paul Monaghan, Christopher L. Netherton, and Philippa C. Hawes. "Unpicking the Secrets of African Swine Fever Viral Replication Sites." Viruses 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010077.

Full text

Abstract:

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious pathogen which causes a lethal haemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs and wild boar. The large, double-stranded DNA virus replicates in perinuclear cytoplasmic replication sites known as viral factories. These factories are complex, multi-dimensional structures. Here we investigated the protein and membrane compartments of the factory using super-resolution and electron tomography. Click IT chemistry in combination with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy revealed a reticular network of newly synthesized viral proteins, including the structural proteins p54 and p34, previously seen as a pleomorphic ribbon by confocal microscopy. Electron microscopy and tomography confirmed that this network is an accumulation of membrane assembly intermediates which take several forms. At early time points in the factory formation, these intermediates present as small, individual membrane fragments which appear to grow and link together, in a continuous progression towards new, icosahedral virions. It remains unknown how these membranes form and how they traffic to the factory during virus morphogenesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Aicher, Sophie-Marie, Paul Monaghan, Christopher L. Netherton, and Philippa C. Hawes. "Unpicking the Secrets of African Swine Fever Viral Replication Sites." Viruses 13, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13010077.

Full text

Abstract:

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious pathogen which causes a lethal haemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs and wild boar. The large, double-stranded DNA virus replicates in perinuclear cytoplasmic replication sites known as viral factories. These factories are complex, multi-dimensional structures. Here we investigated the protein and membrane compartments of the factory using super-resolution and electron tomography. Click IT chemistry in combination with stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy revealed a reticular network of newly synthesized viral proteins, including the structural proteins p54 and p34, previously seen as a pleomorphic ribbon by confocal microscopy. Electron microscopy and tomography confirmed that this network is an accumulation of membrane assembly intermediates which take several forms. At early time points in the factory formation, these intermediates present as small, individual membrane fragments which appear to grow and link together, in a continuous progression towards new, icosahedral virions. It remains unknown how these membranes form and how they traffic to the factory during virus morphogenesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Akhter, Shamim, Rahatur Rahman, and Ashfaqul Islam. "Neural Network (NN) Based Route Weight Computation for Bi-Directional Traffic Management System." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 7, no. 4 (October 2016): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.2016100103.

Full text

Abstract:

Low-cost, flexible, easily maintainable and secure traffic management support systems are in demand. Internet-based real time bi-directional communication provides significant benefits to monitor road traffic conditions. Dynamic route computation is a vital requirement to make the traffic management system more realistic and reliable. Therefore, an integrated approach with multiple data feeds and Backpropagation (BP) Neural Network (NN) with Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) optimization is applied to predict the road weights. The results indicate that the proposed traffic system/tool with NN based dynamic weights computation is much more effective to find the optimal routes. The BP NN with LM optimization achieves 96.67% accuracy.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Zhang, Wei, and Michael J. Imperiale. "Requirement of the Adenovirus IVa2 Protein for Virus Assembly." Journal of Virology 77, no. 6 (March 15, 2003): 3586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.6.3586-3594.2003.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The adenovirus L1 52/55-kDa protein is required for viral DNA packaging and interacts with the viral IVa2 protein, which binds to the viral packaging sequence. Previous reports suggest that the IVa2 protein plays a role in viral DNA packaging and that this function of the IVa2 protein is serotype specific. To further examine the function of the IVa2 protein in viral DNA packaging, a mutant virus that does not express the IVa2 protein was constructed by introducing two stop codons at the beginning of the IVa2 open reading frame in a full-length bacterial clone of adenovirus type 5. The mutant virus, pm8002, was defective for growth in 293 cells, although it replicated its DNA and produced early and late viral proteins. Electron microscopic and gradient analyses revealed that the mutant virus did not assemble any viral particles in 293 cells. In 293-IVa2 cells, which express the IVa2 protein, infectious viruses were produced, although the titer of the mutant virus was lower than that of the wild-type virus, indicating that these cells may not fully complement the mutation. The mutant viral particles produced in 293-IVa2 cells were heterogeneous in size and shape, less stable, and did not traffic efficiently to the nucleus. Marker rescue experiments with a wild-type IVa2 DNA fragment confirmed that the only mutations present in pm8002 were in the IVa2 gene. The results indicate that the IVa2 protein is required for adenovirus assembly and suggest that virus particles may be assembled around the DNA rather than DNA being packaged into preformed capsids.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Ben Romdhane, Nadra, Hazar Mliki, and Mohamed Hammami. "Automatic Recognition of Traffic Signs with 3D Distance Estimation for Intelligent Vehicles." International Journal of Software Innovation 5, no. 2 (April 2017): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsi.2017040105.

Full text

Abstract:

Traffic sign recognition (TSR) systems within the Advanced Driving Assistance Systems (ADAS) has attract many researchers as it plays a vital role to ensure road and transportation safety. In this paper, the authors introduce a new method for the automatic recognition and distance estimation of traffic signs using hybrid 2D-3D approach. The proposed method performs on two steps: Traffic signs recognition and distance estimation. The traffic signs recognition step aims to detect, classify and track traffic signs. Regarding the distance estimation step, it seeks to compute the depth distance of the traffic sign so as to estimate the distance between the recognized traffic sign and the vehicle carrying the camera. Many series of experiments were carried out on GTSBD and KITTI Stereo 2015 databases to evaluate the performance of the authors' method. The obtained results have shown that the proposed method achieves good performance in challenging scenarios.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Lehmann-Che, Jacqueline, Marie-Lou Giron, Olivier Delelis, Martin Löchelt, Patricia Bittoun, Joelle Tobaly-Tapiero, Hugues de Thé, and Ali Saïb. "Protease-Dependent Uncoating of a Complex Retrovirus." Journal of Virology 79, no. 14 (July 2005): 9244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.79.14.9244-9253.2005.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT Although retrovirus egress and budding have been partly unraveled, little is known about early stages of the replication cycle. In particular, retroviral uncoating, a process during which incoming retroviral cores are altered to allow the integration of the viral genome into host chromosomes, is poorly understood. To get insights into these early events of the retroviral cycle, we have used foamy complex retroviruses as a model. In this report, we show that a protease-defective foamy retrovirus is noninfectious, although it is still able to bud and enter target cells efficiently. Similarly, a retrovirus mutated in an essential viral protease-dependent cleavage site in the central part of Gag is noninfectious. Following entry, wild-type and mutant retroviruses are able to traffic along microtubules towards the microtubule-organizing center (MTOC). However, whereas nuclear import of Gag and of the viral genome was observed for the wild-type virus as early as 8 hours postinfection, incoming capsids and genome from mutant viruses remained at the MTOC. Interestingly, a specific viral protease-dependent Gag cleavage product was detected only for the wild-type retrovirus early after infection, demonstrating that cleavage of Gag by the viral protease at this stage of the virus life cycle is absolutely required for productive infection, an unprecedented observation among retroviruses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Youker, Robert T., Ujwal Shinde, Robert Day, and Gary Thomas. "At the crossroads of homoeostasis and disease: roles of the PACS proteins in membrane traffic and apoptosis." Biochemical Journal 421, no. 1 (June 12, 2009): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20081016.

Full text

Abstract:

The endomembrane system in mammalian cells has evolved over the past two billion years from a simple endocytic pathway in a single-celled primordial ancestor to complex networks supporting multicellular structures that form metazoan tissue and organ systems. The increased organellar complexity of metazoan cells requires additional trafficking machinery absent in yeast or other unicellular organisms to maintain organ homoeostasis and to process the signals that control proliferation, differentiation or the execution of cell death programmes. The PACS (phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting) proteins are one such family of multifunctional membrane traffic regulators that mediate organ homoeostasis and have important roles in diverse pathologies and disease states. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the PACS proteins, including their structure and regulation in cargo binding, their genetics, their roles in secretory and endocytic pathway traffic, interorganellar communication and how cell-death signals reprogramme the PACS proteins to regulate apoptosis. We also summarize our current understanding of how PACS genes are dysregulated in cancer and how viral pathogens ranging from HIV-1 to herpesviruses have evolved to usurp the PACS sorting machinery to promote virus assembly, viral spread and immunoevasion.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Xia, Dawen, Binfeng Wang, Yantao Li, Zhuobo Rong, and Zili Zhang. "An Efficient MapReduce-Based Parallel Clustering Algorithm for Distributed Traffic Subarea Division." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2015 (2015): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/793010.

Full text

Abstract:

Traffic subarea division is vital for traffic system management and traffic network analysis in intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). Since existing methods may not be suitable for big traffic data processing, this paper presents a MapReduce-based Parallel Three-PhaseK-Means (Par3PKM) algorithm for solving traffic subarea division problem on a widely adopted Hadoop distributed computing platform. Specifically, we first modify the distance metric and initialization strategy ofK-Means and then employ a MapReduce paradigm to redesign the optimizedK-Means algorithm for parallel clustering of large-scale taxi trajectories. Moreover, we propose a boundary identifying method to connect the borders of clustering results for each cluster. Finally, we divide traffic subarea of Beijing based on real-world trajectory data sets generated by 12,000 taxis in a period of one month using the proposed approach. Experimental evaluation results indicate that when compared withK-Means, Par2PK-Means, and ParCLARA, Par3PKM achieves higher efficiency, more accuracy, and better scalability and can effectively divide traffic subarea with big taxi trajectory data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Song, Qi, Jia Qi Guo, and Wen Hua Chen. "The Investigation of Ground Traffic Vibration Source Characteristics of Beijing Zhengyang Men Area Based on Traffic Investigation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 2287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.2287.

Full text

Abstract:

Zhengyang Men which is located on the north-south axis line of Beijing, is surrounded by the vital communication lines, and suffered from the environmental vibration induced by the busy ground traffic. In order to study the dynamic response of Zhengyang Men city gate and arrow tower, which is caused by ground traffic, the vibration characteristic of ground traffic is the basic research content. The motion equation, which is established by means of the vehicle dynamic model, and the ground traffic characteristic, which is summarized based on the traffic site investigation, are used to derive the vibration source form of a single type vehicle, further more the form of different type vehicle. And then the vibration source can be used for studying the dynamic response of city gate and arrow tower.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Citovsky, Vitaly. "Tobacco mosaic virus: a pioneer to cell–to–cell movement." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 354, no. 1383 (March 29, 1999): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1999.0415.

Full text

Abstract:

Cell–to–cell movement of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is used to illustrate macromolecular traffic through plant intercellular connections, the plasmodesmata. This transport process is mediated by a specialized viral movement protein, P30. In the initially infected cell, P30 is produced by transcription of a subgenomic RNA derived from the invading virus. Presumably, P30 then associates with a certain proportion of the viral RNA molecules, sequestering them from replication and mediating their transport into neighbouring uninfected host cells. This nucleoprotein complex is targeted to plasmodesmata, possibly via interaction with the host cell cytoskeleton. Prior to passage through a plasmodesma, the plasmodesmal channel is dilated by the movement protein. It is proposed that targeting of P30–TMV RNA complexes to plasmodesmata involves binding to a specific cell wall–associated receptor molecule. In addition, a cell wall–associated protein kinase, phosphorylates P30 at its carboxy–terminus and minimizes P30–induced interference with plasmodesmatal permeability during viral infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Itaya, Asuka, Fengshan Ma, Yijun Qi, Yoshie Matsuda, Yali Zhu, Genqing Liang, and Biao Ding. "Plasmodesma-Mediated Selective Protein Traffic between “Symplasmically Isolated” Cells Probed by a Viral Movement Protein." Plant Cell 14, no. 9 (August 23, 2002): 2071–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.003954.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Chaeruddin, Sultan, Yusuf Fajar, and Erwin Harahap. "Analisis Panjang Antrian Dampak Rekayasa Lalu Lintas Cipaganti Menggunakan SimEvents MATLAB." Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) 4, no. 1 (May 2, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jtik.v4i1.98.

Full text

Abstract:

Car and motorcycle vehicles are vital needs in this modern era to help someone to a certain place. Inevitably the increasing number of cars and motorbikes with fewer roads to accommodate these vehicles results in congestion or long queues that are so crowded. So the government also conducted several methods to unravel congestion, including traffic engineering. This method can be said to be successful if congestion in an area can decrease from usual. However, not every successful traffic engineering, even congestion is getting worse. Therefore we need to test the results of traffic engineering. One of them is using the M/M/1 queuing model with Poisson distribution and then simulated by SimEvents in Matlab. As researchers, we can also provide solutions to unravel these bottlenecks. The traffic engineering that we are going to analyze is Cipaganti traffic engineering, Bandung. Keywords:queue; traffic engineering; SimEvents; cipaganti.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Pietiäinen, Vilja, Varpu Marjomäki, Paula Upla, Lucas Pelkmans, Ari Helenius, and Timo Hyypiä. "Echovirus 1 Endocytosis into Caveosomes Requires Lipid Rafts, Dynamin II, and Signaling Events." Molecular Biology of the Cell 15, no. 11 (November 2004): 4911–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-01-0070.

Full text

Abstract:

Binding of echovirus 1 (EV1, a nonenveloped RNA virus) to the α2β1 integrin on the cell surface is followed by endocytic internalization of the virus together with the receptor. Here, video-enhanced live microscopy revealed the rapid uptake of fluorescently labeled EV1 into mobile, intracellular structures, positive for green fluorescent protein-tagged caveolin-1. Partial colocalization of EV1 with SV40 (SV40) and cholera toxin, known to traffic via caveosomes, demonstrated that the vesicles were caveosomes. The initiation of EV1 infection was dependent on dynamin II, cholesterol, and protein phosphorylation events. Brefeldin A, a drug that prevents SV40 transport, blocked the EV1 infection cycle, whereas drugs that disrupt the cellular cytoskeleton had no effect. In situ hybridization revealed the localization of viral RNA with endocytosed viral capsid proteins in caveosomes before initiation of viral replication. Thus, both the internalization of EV1 to caveosomes and subsequent events differ clearly from caveolar endocytosis of SV40 because EV1 uptake is fast and independent of actin and EV1 is not sorted further to sER from caveosomes. These results shed further light on the cell entry of nonenveloped viral pathogens and illustrate the use of viruses as probes to dissect caveolin-associated endocytic pathways.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Banerjee, Meenakshi, Yunjie Huang, Smita Joshi, Gabriel J. Popa, Michael D. Mendenhall, Qing Jun Wang, Beth A. Garvy, Thein Myint, and Sidney W. Whiteheart. "Platelets Endocytose Viral Particles and Are Activated via TLR (Toll-Like Receptor) Signaling." Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 40, no. 7 (July 2020): 1635–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.120.314180.

Full text

Abstract:

Objective: Thrombocytopenia is associated with many viral infections suggesting virions interact with and affect platelets. Consistently, viral particles are seen inside platelets, and platelet activation markers are detected in viremic patients. In this article, we sought mechanistic insights into these virion/platelet interactions by examining how platelets endocytose, traffic, and are activated by a model virion. Approach and Results: Using fluorescently tagged HIV-1 pseudovirions, 3-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, and transgenic mouse models, we probed the interactions between platelets and virions. Mouse platelets used known endocytic machinery, that is, dynamin, VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein)-3, and Arf6 (ADP-ribosylation factor 6), to take up and traffic HIV-1 pseudovirions. Endocytosed HIV-1 pseudovirions trafficked through early (Rab4 + ) and late endosomes (Rab7 + ), and then to an LC3 + (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3) compartment. Incubation with virions induced IRAK4 (interleukin 1 receptor–associated kinase 4), Akt (protein kinase B), and IKK (IκB kinase) activation, granule secretion, and platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation. This activation required TLRs (Toll-like receptors) and MyD88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88) but was less extensive and slower than activation with thrombin. In vivo, HIV-1 pseudovirions injection led to virion uptake and platelet activation, as measured by IKK activation, platelet-leukocyte aggregate formation, and mild thrombocytopenia. All were decreased in VAMP-3 −/− and, megakaryocyte/platelet-specific, Arf6 −/− mice. Similar platelet activation profiles (increased platelet-leukocyte aggregates, plasma platelet factor 4, and phospho-IκBα) were detected in newly diagnosed and antiretroviral therapy–controlled HIV-1 + patients. Conclusions: Collectively, our data provide mechanistic insights into the cell biology of how platelets endocytose and process virions. We propose a mechanism by which platelets sample the circulation and respond to potential pathogens that they take up.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Oudah, Hussein, Bogdan Ghita, Taimur Bakhshi, Abdulrahman Alruban, and David J. Walker. "Using Burstiness for Network Applications Classification." Journal of Computer Networks and Communications 2019 (August 20, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5758437.

Full text

Abstract:

Network traffic classification is a vital task for service operators, network engineers, and security specialists to manage network traffic, design networks, and detect threats. Identifying the type/name of applications that generate traffic is a challenging task as encrypting traffic becomes the norm for Internet communication. Therefore, relying on conventional techniques such as deep packet inspection (DPI) or port numbers is not efficient anymore. This paper proposes a novel flow statistical-based set of features that may be used for classifying applications by leveraging machine learning algorithms to yield high accuracy in identifying the type of applications that generate the traffic. The proposed features compute different timings between packets and flows. This work utilises tcptrace to extract features based on traffic burstiness and periods of inactivity (idle time) for the analysed traffic, followed by the C5.0 algorithm for determining the applications that generated it. The evaluation tests performed on a set of real, uncontrolled traffic, indicated that the method has an accuracy of 79% in identifying the correct network application.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Masud, Farhan, Abdul Hanan Abdullah, Gaddafi Abdul-Salaam, and Fasee Ullah. "Traffic Adaptive MAC Protocols in Wireless Body Area Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8267162.

Full text

Abstract:

In Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), every healthcare application that is based on physical sensors is responsible for monitoring the vital signs data of patient. WBANs applications consist of heterogeneous and dynamic traffic loads. Routine patient’s observation is described as low-load traffic while an alarming situation that is unpredictable by nature is referred to as high-load traffic. This paper offers a thematic review of traffic adaptive Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols in WBANs. First, we have categorized them based on their goals, methods, and metrics of evaluation. The Zigbee standard IEEE 802.15.4 and the baseline MAC IEEE 802.15.6 are also reviewed in terms of traffic adaptive approaches. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of the protocols is made and their performances are analyzed in terms of delay, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and energy consumption. The literature shows that no review work has been done on traffic adaptive MAC protocols in WBANs. This review work, therefore, could add enhancement to traffic adaptive MAC protocols and will stimulate a better way of solving the traffic adaptivity problem.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Quinn, Mel G. "The Highways Agency Approach to Traffic Management." Journal of Navigation 50, no. 1 (January 1997): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300023535.

Full text

Abstract:

Road transport plays a vital part in the UK economy and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future. However, the environmental issues surrounding transport are also of growing concern to the nation, with roads seen as a key element in the environmental debate. These two issues are in conflict, with one pointing to the need for greater road capacity to accommodate more vehicles while the other suggests a limit on road space and fewer vehicles. The Highways Agency has a responsibility to help resolve this dilemma and is doing so by placing increased emphasis on making more efficient use of existing roads.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Kreiner, T., and H. P. Moore. "Membrane traffic between secretory compartments is differentially affected during mitosis." Cell Regulation 1, no. 5 (April 1990): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.1.5.415.

Full text

Abstract:

Membrane traffic has been shown to be regulated during cell division. In particular, with the use of viral membrane proteins as markers, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport in mitotic cells has been shown to be essentially blocked. However, the effect of mitosis on other steps in the secretory pathway is less clear, because an early block makes examination of following steps difficult. Here, we report studies on the functional characteristics of secretory pathways in mitotic mammalian tissue culture cells by the use of a variety of markers. Chinese hamster ovary cells were transfected with cDNAs encoding secretory proteins. Consistent with earlier results following viral membrane proteins, we found that the overall secretory pathway is nonfunctional in mitotic cells, and a major block to secretion is at the step between ER and Golgi: the overall rate of secretion of human growth hormone is reduced at least 10-fold in mitotic cells, and export of truncated vesicular stomatitis virus G protein from the ER is inhibited to about the same extent, as judged by acquisition of endoglycosidase H resistance. To ascertain the integrity of transport from the trans-Golgi to plasma membrane, we followed the secretion of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, which are synthesized in the Golgi and thus are not subject to the earlier ER-to-Golgi block. GAG chains are valid markers for the pathway taken by constitutive secretory proteins; both protein secretion and GAG chain secretion are sensitive to treatment with n-ethyl-maleimide and monensin and are blocked at 19 degrees C. We found that the extent of GAG-chain secretion is not altered during mitosis, although the initial rate of secretion is reduced about twofold in mitotic compared with interphase cells. Thus, during mitosis, transport from the trans-Golgi to plasma membrane is much less hindered than ER-to-Golgi traffic. We conclude that transport steps are not affected to the same extent during mitosis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Stewart, Corina M., Alexandra Phan, Yuxia Bo, Nicholas D. LeBlond, Tyler K. T. Smith, Geneviève Laroche, Patrick M. Giguère, et al. "Ebola virus triggers receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling to promote the delivery of viral particles to entry-conducive intracellular compartments." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): e1009275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009275.

Full text

Abstract:

Filoviruses, such as the Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV), are causative agents of sporadic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fevers in humans. To infect cells, filoviruses are internalized via macropinocytosis and traffic through the endosomal pathway where host cathepsin-dependent cleavage of the viral glycoproteins occurs. Subsequently, the cleaved viral glycoprotein interacts with the late endosome/lysosome resident host protein, Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1). This interaction is hypothesized to trigger viral and host membrane fusion, which results in the delivery of the viral genome into the cytoplasm and subsequent initiation of replication. Some studies suggest that EBOV viral particles activate signaling cascades and host-trafficking factors to promote their localization with host factors that are essential for entry. However, the mechanism through which these activating signals are initiated remains unknown. By screening a kinase inhibitor library, we found that receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors potently block EBOV and MARV GP-dependent viral entry. Inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tyrosine protein kinase Met (c-Met), and the insulin receptor (InsR)/insulin like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) blocked filoviral GP-mediated entry and prevented growth of replicative EBOV in Vero cells. Furthermore, inhibitors of c-Met and InsR/IGF1R also blocked viral entry in macrophages, the primary targets of EBOV infection. Interestingly, while the c-Met and InsR/IGF1R inhibitors interfered with EBOV trafficking to NPC1, virus delivery to the receptor was not impaired in the presence of the EGFR inhibitor. Instead, we observed that the NPC1 positive compartments were phenotypically altered and rendered incompetent to permit viral entry. Despite their different mechanisms of action, all three RTK inhibitors tested inhibited virus-induced Akt activation, providing a possible explanation for how EBOV may activate signaling pathways during entry. In sum, these studies strongly suggest that receptor tyrosine kinases initiate signaling cascades essential for efficient post-internalization entry steps.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Chakrabortty, Kalpita, and Ebbin Jose. "Relationship Analysis between Website Traffic, Domain Age and Google Indexed Pages of E-commerce Websites." IIM Kozhikode Society & Management Review 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277975218770028.

Full text

Abstract:

Increasing popularity of online business (e-commerce) has played an important role in the changing business scenario. The success of online business depends to a large extent on the online traffic e-commerce websites can pull in. Discovering the relationship between website traffic, domain age and Google indexed pages can help them to plan their actions to accommodate growth and maintain or increase their share on the web traffic. Though designing the right strategy to capitalize the online market in a specific category is vital, due to increasing competition and the changing trends it becomes challenging. Exploring the trends in strategies for pulling in traffic by different websites can further help the online business firms to understand the segment tactics for their business. In this article, we have carried out Multiple Linear Regression Analysis to identify the effect of domain age and Google indexed pages on total monthly page views. We used the data gathered through web analysis tools such as SimilarWeb, SmallSeoTools and Pingler on 60 websites from India accessible to us. We deployed ANOVA to explore the differences in average paid search traffic, social media traffic, mail traffic, referrals traffic and display traffic with respect to different website categories. The results thus obtained clearly demonstrate that domain age and Google indexed pages have a weak impact on website traffic but there is a significant difference in average organic search traffic, paid search traffic, social media traffic and referrals traffic with respect to those website categories.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Zafri, Niaz Mahmud, Sadia Afroj, Mohammad Ashraf Ali, Md Musleh Uddin Hasan, and Md Hamidur Rahman. "Effectiveness of containment strategies and local cognition to control vehicular traffic volume in Dhaka, Bangladesh during COVID-19 pandemic: Use of Google Map based real-time traffic data." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 27, 2021): e0252228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252228.

Full text

Abstract:

Background To prevent the viral transmission from higher infected to lower infected area, controlling the vehicular traffic, consequently public movement on roads is crucial. Containment strategies and local cognition regarding pandemic might be helpful to control vehicular movement. This study aimed to ascertain the effectiveness of containment strategies and local cognition for controlling traffic volume during COVID-19 pandemic in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Method Six containment strategies were considered to explore their influence on traffic condition, including declaration of general holiday, closure of educational institution, deployment of force, restriction on religious gathering, closure of commercial activities, and closure of garments factories. Newspaper coverage and public concern about COVID-19 were considered as local cognition in this research. The month of Ramadan as a potential event was also taken into account considering it might have an impact on the overall situation. Average daily journey speed (ADJS) was calculated from real-time traffic data of Google Map to understand the vehicular traffic scenario of Dhaka. A multiple linear regression method was developed to comprehend the findings. Results The results showed that among the containment strategies, declaration of general holiday and closure of educational institutions could increase the ADJS significantly, thereby referring to less traffic movement. Besides, local cognition could not significantly affect the traffic condition, although the month of Ramadan could increase the ADJS significantly. Conclusion It is expected that these findings would provide new insights into decision-making and help to take appropriate strategies to tackle the future pandemic situation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Babau, Cristian, Marius Marcu, Mircea Gabriel Tihu, Daniel George Telbis, and Vladimir Ioan Creţu. "A Personalized Multi-Path and Multi-User Traffic Analysis and Visualization Tool." Acta Cybernetica 23, no. 2 (2017): 441–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/actacyb.23.2.2017.2.

Full text

Abstract:

Traffic optimization is a subject that has become vital for the world we live in. People these days need to get from a starting point to a destination point as fast and as safe as possible. Traffic congestion plays a key role in the frustration of people and it results in lost time, reduced productivity and wasted resources. In our study we seek to address these issues by proposing a real-time road traffic planning system based on mobile context and crowd sourcing efforts. The first step toward this goal is real-time traffic characterization using data collected from mobile sensors of drivers, pedestrians, cyclists, passengers, etc.. We started developing a data collection and analysis system composed of a mobile application in order to collect user context data and a Web application to view and analyze the data. This new system will eventually give the users an automatically optimized route to the destination and predict the users’ traveling route based on live traffic conditions and historical data.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Mohammed, Ali, Hassan Jony, Alaa Shakir, and Kamarudin Bin Ambak. "Simulation of traffic flow in unsignalization intersection using computer software SIDRA in Baghdad city." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 01035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816201035.

Full text

Abstract:

Computer simulation is a vital means for the examination of expressways and urban lanes and streets. Transportation experts concentrate on the arrangement and dissemination of traffic jams on roadways. The objective of this study is to calculate and analyses the travel time, delay time, degree of saturation, and level of service and travel speed in Jordan intersection in Baghdad, Iraq using Sidra software. The number of vehicles passing Jordan intersection was recorded by the author of this work from 7am to 3pm for four days. A simulation model has been used to assess the performance of the current intersection. Results demonstrated that the level of service (LOS) for Jordan intersection is D with (35 sec/veh) average delay and degree of saturation (0.996 v/c). It was concluded that Jordan intersection needs further developments like using intelligent transportation system application (ITS) to regulate traffic signals, whereby reducing traffic jam, using closed circuit TV (CCTV) might assist traffic office in identifying jam point to reduce traffic jam.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Trafic viral'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles