Academic literature on the topic 'Trail Making Test A (TMT-A)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Trail Making Test A (TMT-A)"
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Llinàs-Reglà, Jordi, Joan Vilalta-Franch, Secundino López-Pousa, Laia Calvó-Perxas, David Torrents Rodas, and Josep Garre-Olmo. "The Trail Making Test." Assessment 24, no. 2 (2016): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191115602552.
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The Trail Making Test (TMT) is used as an indicator of visual scanning, graphomotor speed, and executive function. The aim of this study was to examine the TMT relationships with several neuropsychological measures and to provide normative data in community-dwelling participants of 55 years and older. A population-based Spanish-speaking sample of 2,564 participants was used. The TMT, Symbol Digit Test, Stroop Color–Word Test, Digit Span Test, Verbal Fluency tests, and the MacQuarrie Test for Mechanical Ability tapping subtest were administered. Exploratory factor analyses and regression lineal models were used. Normative data for the TMT scores were obtained. A total of 1,923 participants (76.3%) participated, 52.4% were women, and the mean age was 66.5 years (Digit Span = 8.0). The Symbol Digit Test, MacQuarrie Test for Mechanical Ability tapping subtest, Stroop Color–Word Test, and Digit Span Test scores were associated in the performance of most TMT scores, but the contribution of each measure was different depending on the TMT score. Normative tables according to significant factors such as age, education level, and sex were created. Measures of visual scanning, graphomotor speed, and visuomotor processing speed were more related to the performance of the TMT-A score, while working memory and inhibition control were mainly associated with the TMT-B and derived TMT scores.
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Tischler, Lars, and Franz Petermann. "Trail Making Test (TMT)." Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie 58, no. 1 (2010): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.a000009.
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OLIVERA-SOUZA, RICARDO DE, JORGE MOLL, LEIGH J. PASSMAN, et al. "Trail making and cognitive set-shifting." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 58, no. 3B (2000): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2000000500006.
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We tested the hypothesis that Part B of the Trail Making Test (TMT) is a measure of cognitive set-shifting ability in 55 normal subjects with the conventional (written) TMT and a verbal adaptation, the "verbal TMT" (vTMT). The finding of a significant association between Parts B of TMT and vTMT (r = 0,59, p < 0,001), after correcting for age and education, supports the view that Part B of TMT is a valid measure of the ability to alternate between cognitive categories.
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Fasoranti, Zarek, Alexander Enrique, Katie Hunzinger, Kelsey Bryk, Thomas Kaminski, and Thomas A. Buckley. "Concussion History Does Not Adversely Affect Trail Making Test Performance." Neurology 95, no. 20 Supplement 1 (2020): S12.2—S12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000719984.77986.de.
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ObjectiveTo determine the effect of concussion history on the electronic version of the Trail Making Test (TMT) A and TMT-B performance.BackgroundThe effects of concussion history on cognitive performance when the individual is still young has received limited attention. There are inconsistent results in prior studies using computerized neurocognitive tests however the TMT assesses divergent neurologic systems including working memory, horizontal and vertical saccades, attention, cognitive processing, and executive function. While the TMT has routinely identified deficits acutely post-concussion, the long-term effect of prior concussions has not been established.Design/MethodsThis study utilized a cross-sectional design of 50 current intercollegiate division I athletes (56% female, age: 19.8 ± 1.3 y.o.). Participants completed a reliable concussion history questionnaire as well as the TMT-A and TMT-B on an iPad at baseline. The independent variable was concussion history and the dependent variables were total time on TMT-A and TMT-B which were compared by independent samples t-tests or Mann-Whitney U test.ResultsOf the 50 student athletes 26 (52%) reported at least one previously diagnosed concussion. There was no significant difference between groups for the TMT-A (No prior concussion: 22.9 + 6.1 sec and Concussion history: 19.7 + 4.1, U = 227.0, p = 0.10) or TMT-B (No prior concussion: 42.1 + 13.2 sec and concussion history: 38.1 + 11.3, t = 1.17, p = 0.25).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that while still in college, a history of one or more prior concussions, did not adversely affect neurocognitive performance on either the TMT-A or B test. As concussion history is sometimes associated with later life neurocognitive performance, future studies should assess TMT-A and B across the lifespan.
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ELKLIT, ASK. "Om anvendelsen af Trail Making Test (TMT)." Nordisk Psykologi 44, no. 3 (1992): 234–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00291463.1992.10637067.
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Zeng, Zhiwei, Chunyan Miao, Cyril Leung, and Zhiqi Shen. "Computerizing Trail Making Test for long-term cognitive self-assessment." International Journal of Crowd Science 1, no. 1 (2017): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcs-12-2016-0002.
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Purpose This paper aims to adapt and computerize the Trail Making Test (TMT) to support long-term self-assessment of cognitive abilities. Design/methodology/approach The authors propose a divide-and-combine (DAC) approach for generating different instances of TMT that can be used in repeated assessments with nearly no discernible practice effects. In the DAC approach, partial trails are generated separately in different layers and then combined to form a complete TMT trail. Findings The proposed approach was implemented in a computerized test application called iTMT. A pilot study was conducted to evaluate iTMT. The results show that the instances of TMT generated by the DAC approach had an adequate level of difficulty. iTMT also achieved a stronger construct validity, higher test–retest reliability and significantly reduced practice effects than existing computerized tests. Originality/value The preliminary results suggest that iTMT is suitable for long-term monitoring of cognitive abilities. By supporting self-assessment, iTMT also can help to crowdsource the assessment processes, which need to be administered by healthcare professionals conventionally, to the patients themselves.
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McKeown, Kate, Emma Richards, Jessica Richardson, and Andrea Tales. "The Trails Making Test. Does a Single Trial Reflect Performance Capability?" OBM Neurobiology 05, no. 02 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2102100.
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Information processing speed (Reaction time, RT) to a single administration of the Trails A and Trails B components of the Trail Making Test (TMT) is used in the assessment of brain and behavioural functional integrity across the lifespan in both clinical and research contexts. Although the clinical utility of such single trial-related and thus rapidly gained results, is recognised, it is possible that its administration as a single trial only, precludes its ability to provide a more in-depth and thus relevant representation of functional integrity per se, and it does not allow a range of ability to be examined. Because outcome from a single trial can be susceptible to the influence of spurious and extraneous effects we examined how, within a single testing session, RT varied with respect to the administration of four trials of both Trails A and B of the TMT, and how the effects may be associated with anxiety and self-consciousness. We examined how RT varied with respect to the administration of four trials of the Trail making test and compared the performance over each of these trials with that of the first trial. Between the third and fourth trial, questionnaires on anxiety and self-consciousness were administered. This paradigm was tested with fifty five younger adults (age range eighteen - thirty years). Our results indicated that repeating both Trails A and B of the TMT, administering the tests over four trials, revealed a significantly disproportionately slowed information processing speed (RT) to the first compared to consecutive trials, with the effect greatest for the more difficult or resource-demanding Trails B test. There were no significant correlations between change in information processing speed and anxiety or self-consciousness. The first of the four trials represents the only trial typically performed in the clinical application of this test. Our finding that the time to complete one single trial can be significantly slower compared to the response to additional trials, indicates that an individuals’ information processing speed can appear much slower than their actual ability. Such findings can be expected to be of particular relevance to the future use of this test clinically when an individual’s performance is measured and judged with respect to possible diagnosis, and in future research when group-level TMT performance is compared between younger and older adults for example.
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IWASE, HIROAKI, SHIN MURATA, YOSHIHARU HIOKI, et al. "The relationship between the TMT-A and MMSE." Japanese Journal of Health Promotion and Physical Therapy 3, no. 1 (2013): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.9759/hppt.3.1.
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Lopez-Hernandez, Daniel W., Bethany A. Nordberg, Alexis Bueno, et al. "A-104 Examining Methods of Executive Ability from Trail Making Test Part B in Retired Football Players." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 36, no. 6 (2021): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab062.122.
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Abstract Introduction Repeated sports-related concussions have been associated with cognitive deficits, similar to other forms of traumatic brain injury. We investigated three different measures of executive ability derived from the Trail Making Test part B (TMT-B) in healthy comparison (HC) adults and retired football players. Methods The sample consisted of 32 HC, 15 retired football speed players (FSP; e.g., quarterbacks), and 53 retired football non-speed players (FNP) participants. Participants were administered both TMT part A (TMT-A) and TMT-B, and total time for completion was recorded. A series of ANCOVAs, controlling for age and education were conducted to evaluate group differences in executive abilities. Executive measures included the TMT-B raw score (i.e., seconds to complete TMT-B), the raw score difference (in seconds) between TMT-A and TMT-B (TMT-BA), and the difference between a predicted TMT-B score (TMT-BP) and the obtained TMT-B score (TMT-BBP). Correlations between TMT-B, TMT-BA, and TMT-BBP and other executive functioning tests (i.e., letter fluency and animal naming) were evaluated. Results Results revealed that the HC group outperformed both retired football player groups on all measures of executive ability derived from TMT-B, p’s &lt; 0.05, ηps2 = 0.18–0.45. Furthermore, the retired FNP TMT-B and TMT-BA were significantly correlated with both letter fluency and animal naming, r’s = −0.40 to −0.36, p’s &lt; 0.05. Discussion We found that the HC group outperformed both retired football player groups on all three TMT variables. In our retired FNP sample, more TMT variables correlated with executive functioning measures which suggests that TMT-B and TMT-BA are likely better measures of executive ability than TMT-BBP.
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Osuka, Yosuke, Hunkyung Kim, Yutaka Watanabe, et al. "A Stepping Trail Making Test as an Indicator of Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9 (2020): 2835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092835.
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This study aimed to examine the concurrent validity of a novel motor-cognitive dual-task test, the Stepping Trail Making Test (S-TMT), as an indicator of cognitive impairment (CI), and compare its screening performance to that of motor or cognitive tests alone. This was a population-based cross-sectional study including 965 Japanese adults aged ≥ 70 years. To measure the time taken to perform the S-TMT, the participants were instructed to step on 16 numbers in sequence as quickly and accurately as possible. Motor and cognitive functions were assessed by gait speed and TMT part A (TMT-A), respectively. Participants were classified into CI (< 24 points), mild CI (MCI, 24–27 points), and intact cognition (> 27 points) categories based on their Mini-Mental State Examination score. Binary logistic regression models showed that the addition of the S-TMT to the covariates model gave the highest discrimination index (c-statistics), and significantly improved reclassification indices (net reclassification improvement and integrated discrimination improvement) for screening both CI and MCI compared to those of gait speed or TMT-A alone. These results show that S-TMT has a concurrent validity as a dual-task test for screening CI and MCI and better discrimination and reclassification performance than motor or cognitive tests alone in older adults.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Trail Making Test A (TMT-A)"
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Renfrow, Stephanie Lei. "Trail Making Test Quotient (Trails B/ Trails A): A comparison with measures of executive functioning." NSUWorks, 2010. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/60.
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This study examined the utility of the Trail Making Test Quotient (Trails B/ Trails A) in assessing executive functioning relative to that of common tests of executive function such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Category Test, and the Stroop Test. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship of the Trail Making Test Quotient (Trails B/ Trails A) with other common tests of executive functioning (i.e., Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop, Category Test) to determine whether these tests are measuring similar domains of functioning or whether Trail Making Test Quotient (Trails B/ Trails A) offers a more pure measure of executive functioning over and beyond that of Trail Making Test B alone or the difference score, Trail Making Test (Trails B- Trails A).
A series of partial correlations were conducted involving the Trail Making Test scores (Quotient, Difference, and B [Raw]), and the scores of the executive functioning measures (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Category Test, and Stroop), controlling for age, education, and gender. Trails Quotient, Trails B Raw, and Trails Difference were found to significantly negatively correlate with WCST Total # of Categories. Only Trails B Raw and Trails Difference were found to significantly positively correlate with WCST Perseverative Responses and Category Error. None of the Trail Making Test measures used in this study were found to significantly correlate Stroop Interference. Correlation coefficients were compared to determine the strength of Trails Quotient's relationship with
the aforementioned executive functioning measures relative to that of Trails Difference and Trails B Raw.
Contrary to the hypotheses of the current study, the Trails Quotient demonstrated a significantly weaker correlation with WCST Total # of Categories, WCST Perseverative Responses, and Category Error than that of Trails Difference and Trails B Raw. Additionally, there were no significant differences in the correlation coefficients of Trails Quotient, Trails Difference, and Trails B Raw with Stroop Interference. However, upon further investigation using exploratory factor analyses, it was discovered that Trails Quotient may have represented a particular component of executive functioning more so than the Trails Difference and Trails B Raw. The results suggest that Trails Quotient offers a unique estimate of executive skill specific to cognitive organization, whereas Trails B Raw and Trails Difference represent multiple executive domains including regulatory and organizational abilities.
Clinical practice will benefit from the current study's findings in that assessment of complex executive functioning will be more precise. Future research is needed to determine the utility of the Trails Quotient in identifying specific types and locations of brain injury. Assessment of specific impaired frontal skills common to degenerative dementias and traumatic brain injury may be possible with the use of Trails Quotient contingent upon further research. Future research into the domains of executive functioning and the Trail Making Test should focus on specific skills within regulatory and organizational components, and the development of normative data for Trails Quotient.
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Friberg, Marc. "Executive function, working memory and speech-in-noise recognition – Comparing a non-semantic black and white version of the Trail Making Test to the original Trail Making Test." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141836.
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In this thesis, the relationship between cognition and speech-in-noise recognition, in normally-hearing Swedish students, is examined. The Trail Making Test, hypothesized to measure a wide range of cognitive functions, including executive function and working memory, has been criticized for being a culturally biased measure, hence the need for a culturally unbiased version. A between-group experiment was conducted in which a non-semantically dependent version of the Trail Making Test was compared to the original Trail Making Test in order to test for psychometric equivalence. A total of 21 young normally-hearing Swedish students were given three tests: TMT or TMT (non-semantically dependent version), a Swedish Reading Span Task and a Swedish speech-in-noise recognition task. The B parts of the two Trail Making Test versions differed significantly and both were moderately to highly correlated to speech-in-noise and reading span performance. The results indicates that the original Trail Making Test is a more plausible index for executive function and strengthens the relationship between executive function, working memory and speech-in-noise recognition.
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Gontier, Jorge J. "The relationship between age and performance on the Trail Making test in a Chilean population." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/gontierj/jorgegontier.html.
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Santos, Juliano dos. "Validação do teste de trilhas - B (trail making test - B) para uso em pacientes brasileiros com câncer em cuidados paliativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7139/tde-18082011-074222/.
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Introdução: Prejuízos na atenção, concentração e execução de tarefas, entre outras funções cognitivas, parecem ser frequentes em doentes com câncer e em cuidados paliativos e podem comprometer o cotidiano desses pacientes. No entanto, há poucos estudos sobre o tema e desconhecem-se testes validados para essa população no Brasil. Objetivo: Validar o Teste de Trilhas B (TT-B) para uso em pacientes com câncer em cuidados paliativos. Método: Trata-se de estudo metodológico, de validação de instrumento, que envolveu pacientes (n=94) em tratamento paliativo no Ambulatório de Quimioterapia do Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo e seus acompanhantes (n=39). Os avaliados realizaram o TT-B e responderam dados sócio-demográficos, sobre a presença e intensidade de dor, de fadiga, sobre a qualidade do sono, ansiedade e depressão, em dois momentos, com intervalo máximo de sete dias. Os doentes também foram caracterizados quanto à doença e tratamento. As validades convergente e divergente foram testadas pela correlação entre o desempenho no TT-B, mensurado pelo tempo para a realização do teste e o número de erros cometidos, com a intensidade da dor, da fadiga, da ansiedade, da depressão e do repouso atribuído ao sono da noite anterior às avaliações. A validade discriminante foi testada pela comparação do TT-B entre doentes e sadios. A estabilidade do TT-B, em doentes e sadios, foi avaliada por meio de teste e reteste. Resultados: Os doentes tinham câncer colo-retal (47,8%), câncer de mama (15,9%), a totalidade apresentava metástase, foram homens (52,1%), com idade média de 53 anos. Para os doentes, o tempo médio de realização do TT-B foi de 147,5 segundos na primeira e 132 segundos na segunda avaliação e o número de erros médio foi de 1 na primeira e 0,8 na segunda avaliação. Para os acompanhantes o tempo de realização do TT-B foi de 127,3 e 110,7 segundos na primeira e segunda avaliação respectivamente e o número de erros foi 0,9 na primeira e 0,6 na segunda avaliação. O instrumento discriminou doentes de sadios em relação ao tempo utilizado para a realização do teste na primeira (p=0,014) e na segunda (p=0,035) avaliação, indicando melhor desempenho para os sadios, mas não em relação ao número de erros. O teste foi estável entre os sadios nas duas avaliações, tanto em relação ao tempo (p=0,071) quanto em relação ao número de erros (p=0,352) e entre os doentes o instrumento foi estável apenas em relação ao número de erros (p=0,913). O TT-B não demonstrou correlações significativas com dor, fadiga, depressão, ansiedade e descanso, o que causou estranheza. Conclusão: O TT-B está em processo de validação. Mostrou-se capaz de discriminar doentes de sadios e foi estável entre os saudáveis. Recomenda-se a continuidade de estudos com amostras maiores e a utilização do TT-B em paralelo a outro instrumento que avalie a função executiva.<br>Introduction: Impairments in attention, concentration and execution of tasks, among other cognitive functions, seem to be frequent in patients with cancer in palliative care and they can affect patients daily life. However, there are few studies about the theme and to our knowledge there are no validated tests for this population in Brazil. Objective: To validate Trial Making TestB (TMT-B) for assessment of patients with cancer in palliative care. Methods: Methodological study to validate an instrument that involved patients (n=94) in palliative treatment at the Clinic of Chemotherapy of the Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo and their healthy accompanying person (n=39). Patients were tested on TMT-B and answered demographic data, questions about the presence of pain and intensity, fatigue, quality of sleep, anxiety and depression, in two moments, with maximum interval of seven days. The patients were also characterized according to disease and treatment. The convergent and divergent validities were tested by the correlation between the performance on TMT-B, measured by the amount of time required to complete the task and the number of mistakes, and pain intensity, fatigue, anxiety, depression and the rest attributed to sleep in the previous night before assessments. The discriminate validity was tested by the comparison of TMT-B between patients and healthy accompany persons. The stability of TMT-B, in patients and healthy companions was evaluated through test and re-test. Results: The patients had colorectal cancer (47.8%), followed by breast cancer (15.9%), the totality presented metastasis, most patients were men (52.1%), mean age was 53 years. For patients, mean time required to complete TMT-B was 147.5 seconds in the first and 132 seconds in the second assessments and the mean number of mistakes was 1 in the first and 0.8 in the second assessments. For the healthy accompany person, the time required to complete TMT-B was respectively 127.3 and 110.7 seconds in the first and second assessments and the number of mistakes was 0.9 in the first and 0.6 in the second assessments. The instrument discriminated patients from healthy accompany persons regarding time required to complete the test in the first (p=0.014) and second (p=0.035) assessments, indicating better performance for the healthy ones, but not in relation to the number of mistakes. The test was stable among healthy people in the two assessments regarding time (p=0.071) and number of mistakes (p=0.352); for patients, the instrument was stable only in relation to the number of mistakes (p=0.913). TMT-B did not demonstrate significant correlations with pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety and rest. Conclusion: TMT-B is in validation process. It was able to discriminate between patients and healthy accompany persons and was stable for the healthy ones. Further studies are recommended with larger samples as well as the use of TMT-B in parallel to other instrument that evaluates the executive function.
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Siriyala, Kodhanda Karthik. "Determining Level of Cognitive Impairment via Computing Fractals using a Computer." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7364.
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Mild Cognitive Impairment is a condition that affects an individual's thinking and decision making capabilities. Specifically, it is one where an individual's capabilities of memorizing, thinking and decision making are less efficient when compared to others. In order to diagnose this condition, a conventional method is to provide the subject with a small challenge they should be completed using pen and paper. This thesis focuses on how this method can be converted to a computer based test. A data visualization tool named Processing has been used to develop a system that runs a game-like test, which is completed by individuals using a mouse. The system then saves the individual's mouse movements in the form of a CSV file. This files are used for further analyzed using JMP Pro on how this data can be used for determining cognitive abilities via computing a metric called Fractal, and what conclusions can be drawn. In order to achieve comparable results, readings from two diverse age groups have been collected. The results using a total of 12 subjects are convincing in that the tool can be used to as a marker for detecting cognitive impairment.
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Matoso, Juliana Magalhães Duarte. "Desempenho cognitivo em idosos hipertensos e normotensos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6174.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>A população de idosos cresce rapidamente no Brasil. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e distúrbios cognitivos é elevada nesta população. Testamos a hipótese de que a HAS reduz o desempenho cognitivos em idosos. Foram selecionamos idosos hipertensos e normotensos com idade ≥ 60 < 80. O desempenho cognitivo foi avaliado pelo Cambridge Cognitive Examination Revised (CAMCOG-R), por subtestes do Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale v.3 (WAIS III), além do Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), e o dos Trail Making Tests A/B (TMT-A/B). O desempenho cognitivo avaliado pelo escore global do CAMCOG-R e do QI estimado do WAIS III está reduzido nos idosos hipertensos mesmo quando controlado pela escolaridade, depressão, estado geral de saúde e qualidade de vida. O desempenho cognitivo em diversos domínios específicos controlados para a escolaridade, depressão, estado geral de saúde e qualidade de vida, e avaliados pelo CAMCOG-R, WAIS III, TMT-A e RAVLT também está reduzido nos idosos hipertensos. O presente estudo sugere que a HAS está associada ao declínio do desempenho cognitivo global em idosos. Notadamente, o desempenho das funções executivas está reduzido nos idosos hipertensos. Especula-se que a HAS seja um fator de risco para o declínio progressivo do desempenho cognitivo e, portanto, para o desenvolvimento de demência.<br>The elderly population is growing rapidly in Brazil. The prevalence of hypertension and cognitive disorders is high in this population. We tested the hypothesis that hypertension is associated with decreased cognitive performance in the elderly. We selected normotensive and hypertensive subjects aged ≥ 60 <80 years old. Cognition was assessed through Cambridge Cognitive Examination Revised (CAMCOG-R), subtests of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale v.3 (WAIS III), the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and the Trail Making Tests A/B (TMT-A/B). The cognitive performance assessed by the CAMCOG-R global score and the estimated WAIS III. QI is reduced in elderly hypertensives even when controlled for education, depression, health status and quality of life. The cognitive performance in diverse cognitive domains assessed through CAMCOG-R, WAIS III, TMT-A e RAVLT is also reduced in elderly hypertensives when contolled for education, depression, health status and quality of life. These results suggest that hypertension is associated with reduced global cognitive performance in eldely hypertensives. Notably, executive functions are reduced in eldely hypertensives. We speculate that hypertension might be a risk factor for the progressive decline in cognitive function and, therefore, for the development of dementia.
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Bondavalli, Barbara. "Analisi delle associazioni tra prestazioni cognitive ed indici avanzati di neuroimaging in pazienti con declino cognitivo lieve di origine vascolare." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
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L'obiettivo del presente elaborato di tesi è lo studio dell'associazione tra variabili di neuroimaging e variabili neuropsicologiche, tramite analisi statistiche, con particolare attenzione agli indici strutturali in grado di interpretare i punteggi di test neuropsicologici ottenuti da pazienti affetti da deterioramento cognitivo lieve di origine vascolare e patologia dei piccoli vasi cerebrali. I metodi statistici impiegati consistono in analisi di regressione lineare multipla, sviluppati ed automatizzati nel pacchetto SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) e classificazione grazie ad algoritmi di machine learning, implementati in ambiente R. Le analisi sono state applicate ad un dataset costituito da 64 pazienti inclusi nel progetto VMCI-Tuscany. Le analisi di regressione e classificazione sono state applicate a tre modelli diversi, in funzione delle variabili esplicative considerate: il primo modello è costituito da variabili volumetriche, mentre gli altri due modelli includono anche indici di diffusione cerebrale, quali Mean Diffusivity (MD) e Fractional Anisotropy (FA). I risultati evidenziano l'importanza dell'indice di diffusione MD della sostanza bianca come predittore significativo del deterioramento cognitivo: in particolar modo la sostanza bianca apparentemente normale e la sostanza bianca totale presentano MD simili, mostrando, come, in questa coorte di pazienti, la segmentazione semi-automatica delle lesioni non sia necessaria. L'applicazione di tecniche di machine learning al test MoCA permette di ottenere un coefficiente di correlazione di Pearson tra i punteggi osservati e quelli stimati dall'algoritmo di Support Vector Machine pari a 0.62. I risultati migliori delle analisi di classificazione, invece, corrispondono a valori di sensibilità e di specificità pari al 71.44% e al 80.56% per il test MoCA e valori di sensibilità e di specificità pari al 71.79% e al 72% per il test TMT-A.
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Biermann, Jeanette S. "Improving Cognition in Normally Aging Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness Meditation (Samatha) as a Treatment for Attentional Inhibitory Deficits." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1310147941.
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Wiberg, Bernice. "Risk factors for stroke in adult men a population-based study /." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120542.
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Wahlberg, Linnea. "Eyes on the Road! : Off-Road Glance Durations when Performing Tasks on In-Vehicle Systems while Driving in a Simulator." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-94622.
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The 85th percentile off-road glances while performing three tasks on an in-vehicle system while driving in a simulator was investigated. The tasks were a radio task, a telephone task and a sound settings task which were performed at three occasions each. The distribution of 85th percentile off-road glance durations for each subject and task showed that durations differed between individuals rather than between tasks. It also turned out that durations longer than 2.00 seconds were not rare and 2 of 16 subjects had durations longer than 2.00 seconds in the radio task. Even though the distribution showed small differences between tasks on an individual level, differences on a group level were found between the tasks. A tendency of a learning effect was found, which implied a decrease in 85th percentile off-road glance durations as the tasks were performed at several occasions. A tendency of a floor effect in 85th percentile off-road glance durations, when the subjects are familiarized with tasks, was also found. Performance on a computerized trail-making test, measuring ability of visual search, motor speed and mental flexibility, was found not to be related with 85th percentile off-road glance durations.
Books on the topic "Trail Making Test A (TMT-A)"
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Proops, Ian. The Fiery Test of Critique. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199656042.001.0001.
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The book aims to provide a comprehensive study of the ‘Transcendental Dialectic’ of Kant’s first Critique. It argues that Kant conceives of ‘critique’ as a kind of winnowing exercise, aimed to separate the wheat of good metaphysics from the chaff of bad. However, he uses a less familiar metaphor to make this point, namely, that of ‘the fiery test of critique’. This turns out to be, not a medieval ordeal (a trial by fire), but rather a metallurgical assay: so-called ‘cupellation’—a procedure in which ore samples are tested for their precious-metal content. The upshot is that critique has a positive, investigatory side: it seeks not merely to eliminate the dross of bad ‘dogmatic’ metaphysics but also to uncover any hidden nuggets of value that might be contained in traditional speculative metaphysics. There are both gold and silver to be found. The gold is the indirect proof of Transcendental Idealism afforded by the resolution of the Antinomies, the silver Kant’s defence of theoretically grounded ‘doctrinal beliefs’ in a wise and great originator and in an afterlife. In the course of making these points, the book engages with Kant’s views on a number of central problems in philosophy and meta-philosophy, including: the explanation of the enduring human impulse towards metaphysics, correct philosophical method, the limits of self-knowledge, the possibility of human freedom, the resolution of metaphysical paradox (‘Antinomy’), the justification of faith, the nature of scepticism, and the role of ‘as if’ reasoning in natural science.
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van der Spek, Nadia, and Irma Verdonck-de Leeuw. Meaning-Centered Group Psychotherapy for Cancer Survivors. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199837229.003.0005.
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Meaning-focused coping is important in cancer survivorship because it is strongly related to successful adjustment and psychological well-being after cancer diagnosis. This chapter provides background information on meaning-making processes in cancer survivors and describes a four-step adaptation process of meaning-centered group psychotherapy for cancer survivors (MCGP-CS). Step 1 was a focus group study on meaning-making issues in Dutch cancer survivors. In step 2, expert meetings on meaning-making in cancer survivorship were conducted. Step 3 comprised the adaptation of the MCGP manual, and step 4 was a pilot study to test the feasibility of the adapted manual. Finally, the results of a randomized controlled trial on the efficacy of MCGP-CS and a client satisfaction evaluation are provided, and some recommendations for future adaptations to implement MDCG-CS in clinical practice are proposed.
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Mackay, Ronnie, and Warren Brookbanks. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788478.003.0014.
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This concluding chapter offers a synthesis of the law around fitness to stand trial drawn from the different jurisdictions surveyed in the book. While individual jurisdictions have crafted their own solutions to questions of definition, procedure, and disposition, a range of specific issues have come to the fore requiring further analysis and resolution. These include the permissibility or otherwise of compulsorily medicating incapacitated defendants to restore competence, the desirability of disaggregating the unitary test for fitness, the movement from cognition to decision-making capacity as the focus of unfitness, the utility of the decisional competence construct, and the parameters of effective participation. While no single jurisdiction offers an entirely satisfactory way of dealing with the unfit to plead, what the differing approaches show is how important it is to endeavour to find approaches to the problems in the law and procedure in this complex area.
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Schabas, William A. The Council of Virgins. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833857.003.0012.
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All of the serious decision-making at the Peace Conference fell to four leaders, Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau, and Orlando. Known semi-officially as the Council of Four, they were sometimes called the ‘Council of Virgins’. Meeting in April 1919, they essentially discarded the recommendations of the Commission on Responsibilities. Lloyd George and Clemenceau returned to the idea of prosecuting the Kaiser for starting the war. After lengthy debate, Wilson abandoned US opposition to trial and on his own drafted a paragraph for the treaty. The new text that he prepared provided for an international tribunal that would be authorised to try Kaiser Wilhelm for a ‘supreme offence against international morality and the sanctity of treaties’, although it insisted that this was not to be viewed as a criminal offence.
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Smith, Rhona K. M. International Human Rights Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198805212.001.0001.
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International Human Rights Law provides a concise introduction for students new to the subject. Clearly written and broad in scope, this popular text gives a concise introduction to international human rights, including regional systems of protection and the key substantive rights. The author skillfully guides you through the complexities of the subject, making it accessible to those with little or no prior legal and/or international knowledge. Key cases and areas of debate are highlighted throughout, and a wealth of references to cases and further readings are provided at the end of each chapter. The book continues to be relied upon by students worldwide as the first book to turn to for clear and accurate coverage. It discusses the United Nations; the International Bill of Human Rights; the United Nations’ organizational structure; regional protection of human rights; Europe; the Americas; Africa; monitoring, implementing, and enforcing human rights; substantive rights; equality and non-discrimination; the right to life; freedom from torture; cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment; the rights to liberty of person; equality before the law; the right to a fair trial; the right to self-determination; freedom of expression; the right to work; the right to education and human rights education; minority rights; and group rights.
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Smith, Rhona K. M. International Human Rights Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198843672.001.0001.
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International Human Rights Law provides a concise introduction for students new to the subject. Clearly written and broad in scope, this popular text gives a concise introduction to international human rights, including regional systems of protection and the key substantive rights. The author skillfully guides you through the complexities of the subject, making it accessible to those with little or no prior legal and/or international knowledge. Key cases and areas of debate are highlighted throughout, and a wealth of references to cases and further readings are provided at the end of each chapter. The book continues to be relied upon by students worldwide as the first book to turn to for clear and accurate coverage. It discusses the United Nations; the United Nations’ organizational structure; regional protection of human rights; Europe; the Americas; Africa; key treaties and mechanisms for monitoring, implementing, and enforcing human rights; substantive rights; equality and non-discrimination; the right to life; freedom from torture; cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment or punishment; the rights to liberty of person; equality before the law; the right to a fair trial; the right to self-determination; freedom of expression; the right to work; the right to education and human rights education; minority rights; and group rights.
Book chapters on the topic "Trail Making Test A (TMT-A)"
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Lancia, Stefania, Jongkwan Choi, Jiyeong Baek, et al. "Trail Making Test Induces Prefrontal Cortex Activation as Revealed by a cw Wearable-Wireless fNIRS/DOT Imager." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_22.
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Huang, Jun, Duc Truong Pham, Ruiya Li, Kaiwen Jiang, Dalong Lyu, and Chunqian Ji. "Strategies for Dealing with Problems in Robotised Unscrewing Operations." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72632-4_7.
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AbstractDisassembly is the first step in a remanufacturing process chain with unscrewing being usually the most frequent task. In previously reported research in the authors’ laboratory, a new method has been developed for using robots to unfasten screws. Uncertainties and variability in the physical condition of screws induced by dirt, rust, or mechanical damage pose difficulties for such robotised unscrewing systems. There are three common failure modes: screwdriver missing screw head, screwdriver slipping on screw head and screw too tight to remove. This paper presents strategies to handle these failure modes, making the developed robotised method more robust and reliable. The strategies include conducting a second search and second unfastening trial as well as involving collaboration with a human operator. Tests were carried out to validate the proposed strategies. The results show that the strategies could deal with the failure modes, enabling 100% successful operation.
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Frers, Lars. "Conclusions: Touching and Being Touched – Experience and Ethical Relations." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67608-7_5.
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AbstractSometimes, research can hit you in the stomach, making you angry and upset, possibly sick. With a bit of luck, this can be fine, as discontentment can be a force that propels you to become active and engage yourself. Sometimes, research can resonate in your heart, making you aware and empathetic. Not much luck is needed in these cases, as this will hopefully also stimulate you to get new ideas, a better understanding or hopefully even give you a better foothold for whatever you do in practice. Most of the time, research just passes you by, not leaving much of an impression. We do know that words can make a difference, that words can touch you. They evoke many different thoughts and emotions. It is not a single word alone that does this, it is the flow and rhythm of a text, how it takes the reader along, cognitively but also in space and time and in an embodied manner. To achieve different effects, we place words differently, we craft sentences that appeal to different senses and sensibilities, we use terms or jargon, we write complex sentences that juxtapose hosts of different qualities, as Michel Serres does in in The Five Senses (2008). We present a clear definition, we unfold arguments or put something to the point. Most of the word work we do, we do on our keyboards, sitting at a desk, in a train carriage or lying on a sofa. Thus, this word work happens remote from the site where our study took place, it is definitely not the same as the field work that we do, it is not the same as the numbers and algorithms that make up our data. But done well, it can still evoke the sense of what happens or happened “out there” in the field, the phenomena that the numbers point to, be they the numbers of people crossing a border or the feeling of someone who is lost or maybe even hunted (Guttorm, 2016).
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Merilampi, Sari, Antti Koivisto, and Andrew Sirkka. "Accessible Mobile Rehabilitation Games for Special User Groups." In Research Anthology on Rehabilitation Practices and Therapy. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3432-8.ch071.
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This chapter presents viewpoints of 104 users upon trials on four mobile games which combine cognitive stimulation and physical exercise in rehabilitation. The first game requires users to control by tilting a mobile phone embedded in a balance board; the second game can be controlled by tilting the tablet computer; the third game is a modified version of Trail Making Test A—a memory test that can be played by tapping figures on the screen of tablet computer; and the fourth game is an activation game with a special controller, dedicated for people with severe physical limitations. Users welcomed the use of games as self-rehabilitation tools that can be adjusted according to personal skills and limitations. The games not only gave them meaningful activities, but also saved time and efforts of professional care takers who might be unable to socialize frequently with clients.
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Merilampi, Sari, Antti Koivisto, and Andrew Sirkka. "Accessible Mobile Rehabilitation Games for Special User Groups." In Design, Motivation, and Frameworks in Game-Based Learning. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6026-5.ch008.
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This chapter presents viewpoints of 104 users upon trials on four mobile games which combine cognitive stimulation and physical exercise in rehabilitation. The first game requires users to control by tilting a mobile phone embedded in a balance board; the second game can be controlled by tilting the tablet computer; the third game is a modified version of Trail Making Test A—a memory test that can be played by tapping figures on the screen of tablet computer; and the fourth game is an activation game with a special controller, dedicated for people with severe physical limitations. Users welcomed the use of games as self-rehabilitation tools that can be adjusted according to personal skills and limitations. The games not only gave them meaningful activities, but also saved time and efforts of professional care takers who might be unable to socialize frequently with clients.
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Bushway, Shawn D. "Defendant Decision-Making in Plea Bargains." In A System of Pleas. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190689247.003.0003.
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Defendants who plead guilty usually receive substantially shorter sentences than observably equivalent people who are convicted at trial. One explanation for this discrepancy is that defendants receive a discount for pleading guilty. The primary theoretical model used to explain the different sizes of the discount is referred to as “bargaining in the shadow of the trial.” This model is a rational, choice-based model of defendant decision-making. The model establishes the maximum value of the potential plea or, alternatively, the minimally acceptable discount. The key parameter driving the size of the discount in this model is the probability of conviction. Although more empirical tests are sorely needed, there is some evidence supporting the basic model. However, social scientists have recently shown that actual innocence seems to matter to defendants above and beyond the probability of conviction. This chapter discusses the shadow model as a model of defendant decision-making, evaluates the current state of the evidence, and discusses some of the possible extensions and room for future research.
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Wickramasinghe, Nilmini, and Steve L. Goldberg. "Accountable Care and Evidence-Based Decision Making." In Handbook of Research on Healthcare Administration and Management. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0920-2.ch034.
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In today's cost challenged healthcare environment accountable care and evidence-based decision making have become important considerations. Contemporaneous to this is the fact that the superior management of diabetes has become a global priority especially given the exponential increase in the number of diabetes patients as well as the financial implications of treating this silent epidemic. Thus, this research focuses on trying to address these respective yet critical issues by examining the possibility of using a mobile web-based reporting system that taps into existing widely available resources to monitor and manage gestational diabetes. To test this solution, we adopted a randomized control trial with two-arm cross over applied to a not-for profit hospital in Victoria, Australia. From the perspective of practice, we have uncovered far reaching implications for hospital management's cost vs. quality care to patients. In particular, it appears that the adoption of smartphones to support many aspects of care and patient-clinician interactions is prudent.
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MacKellar, Bonnie, Christina Schweikert, and Soon Ae Chun. "Patient-Centered Clinical Trials Decision Support Using Linked Open Data." In Information Retrieval and Management. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5191-1.ch080.
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Patients often want to participate in relevant clinical trials for new or more effective alternative treatments. The clinical search system made available by the NIH is a step forward to support the patient's decision making, but, it is difficult to use and requires the patient to sift through lengthy text descriptions for relevant information. In addition, patients deciding whether to pursue a given trial often want more information, such as drug information. The authors' overall aim is to develop an intelligent patient-centered clinical trial decision support system. Their approach is to integrate Open Data sources related to clinical trials using the Semantic Web's Linked Data framework. The linked data representation, in terms of RDF triples, allows the development of a clinical trial knowledge base that includes entities from different open data sources and relationships among entities. The authors consider Open Data sources such as clinical trials provided by NIH as well as the drug side effects dataset SIDER. The authors use UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) to provide consistent semantics and ontological knowledge for clinical trial related entities and terms. The authors' semantic approach is a step toward a cognitive system that provides not only patient-centered integrated data search but also allows automated reasoning in search, analysis and decision making using the semantic relationships embedded in the Linked data. The authors present their integrated clinical trial knowledge base development and a prototype, patient-centered Clinical Trial Decision Support System that include capabilities of semantic search and query with reasoning ability, and semantic-link browsing where an exploration of one concept leads to other concepts easily via links which can provide visual search for the end users.
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Vuković, Krešimir. "The lovers and the rebel." In Constructing Authors and Readers in the Appendices Vergiliana, Tibulliana, and Ouidiana. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864417.003.0016.
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A series of six poems exchanged between lovers (known as the double Heroides) is normally placed at the end of the collection of Ovid’s single Heroides. Their attribution has been questioned in recent decades. Much of the argument has devolved on stylistic features, especially polysyllabic pentameter endings. This chapter briefly revisits the issue by analysing some exilic passages in the Fasti and the Metamorphoses. Rather than making grand claims based on supposed stylistic features, the focus is on reading Ovid as a rebellious poet, a trait that consistently appears across his work from the Amores to the Tristia. By comparing passages from the exilic works with the text of the double Heroides, it is argued that reading Ovid as the author of both fits with our perspective on the great poet of nequitia. The conclusion is subjective, but opens up possibilities in reading the double letters as an exilic text.
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Manski, Charles F. "Reasonable Care with Sample Data." In Patient Care under Uncertainty. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691194738.003.0005.
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This chapter considers reasonable decision making with sample data from randomized trials. It continues discussion of reasonable patient care under uncertainty. Because of its centrality to evidence-based medicine, the chapter focuses on the use of sample trial data in treatment choice. Moreover, having already addressed identification, the chapter considers only statistical imprecision, as has been the case in the statistical literature on trials. The Wald (1950) development of statistical decision theory provides a coherent framework for use of sample data to make decisions. A body of recent research applies statistical decision theory to determine treatment choices that achieve adequate performance in all states of nature, in the sense of maximum regret. This chapter describes the basic ideas and findings, which provide an appealing practical alternative to use of hypothesis tests.
Conference papers on the topic "Trail Making Test A (TMT-A)"
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Mabuchi, Takuya, Naoyuki Kubota, Takahiro Takeda, Atsushi Manji, and Tadamitsu Matsuda. "A writing pressure analysis method for evaluation of trail making test using smart device." In 2017 6th International Conference on Informatics, Electronics and Vision & 2017 7th International Symposium in Computational Medical and Health Technology (ICIEV-ISCMHT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciev.2017.8338607.
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Flores-López, María, Nerea Requena-Ocaña, Sandra Torres-Galván, et al. "Evaluación de la memoria episódica y visual en pacientes con trastornos por uso de alcohol. Análisis según la gravedad de los criterios diagnósticos." In 22° Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Patología Dual (SEPD) 2020. SEPD, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17579/sepd2020p078.
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Descripción de los objetivos Los trastornos por uso de alcohol (TUA) alteran el desarrollo cerebral afectando a las funciones ejecutivas, a los procesos estratégicos de recuerdo y a las capacidades visoespaciales. Estas alteraciones constituyen factores predictivos de deterioro de la memoria. El objetivo consiste en examinar el funcionamiento de la memoria episódica y visual en pacientes con TUA según la gravedad de los criterios diagnósticos. Material y métodos Se llevó a cabo una evaluación psicopatológica de 35 pacientes con TUA en abstinencia utilizando criterios DSM-5 y para la evaluación neuropsicológica se aplicaron el Test de Aprendizaje Verbal España-Complutense (TAVEC), la Figura Compleja de Rey y el Trail Making test (TMT). Se seleccionaron pacientes con criterios diagnósticos leve/moderado (n=17) y se compararon con aquellos con criterios diagnósticos grave (n=18). Las diferencias sociodemográficas y clínicas se determinaron mediante Chi-cuadrado (χ²) y t de Student (t-test). El análisis de las pruebas neuropsicológicas se llevó a cabo mediante ANCOVAS univariantes controlando la variable edad. Resultado y conclusiones El 86% de la muestra eran hombres con una media de 43 años y con estudios secundarios (46%) sin diferencias sociodemográficas ni clínicas entre los dos grupos de TUA. Encontramos diferencias significativas en la ejecución de la memoria episódica a corto plazo (p=0,003) y a largo plazo (p=0,029) pero no en el recuerdo inmediato. También existen diferencias significativas en las estrategias seriales del recuerdo inmediato (p=0,008) y en la interferencia proactiva (p=0,013), con menor ejecución en el grupo TUA con mayor gravedad de criterios diagnósticos. No encontramos diferencias entre los dos grupos en memoria visual. La gravedad de los TUA se relaciona con la afectación de la memoria episódica. Existiría una relación entre un procesamiento superficial poco efectivo de la información que dificulta la entrada de nueva información a la memoria a largo plazo y los TUA.
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Tamagawa, Masaaki. "Observation of Bubble Deformation Process in a Microcapsule for Developing Drug Delivery Systems Using Shock Waves and Ultrasonic Waves." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63414.
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This paper describes development of microcapsule using underwater shock waves, especially (1) the trial of making polymer microcapsules including a bubble and disintegration tests by shock waves, (2) analysis of a bubble deformation process in a polymer capsule by pressure wave, (3) the trails of making liposome microcapsules and disintegration tests by ultrasonic waves.
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Mayer, Tobias, Elena Cabrio, and Serena Villata. "ACTA A Tool for Argumentative Clinical Trial Analysis." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/953.
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Argumentative analysis of textual documents of various nature (e.g., persuasive essays, online discussion blogs, scientific articles) allows to detect the main argumentative components (i.e., premises and claims) present in the text and to predict whether these components are connected to each other by argumentative relations (e.g., support and attack), leading to the identification of (possibly complex) argumentative structures. Given the importance of argument-based decision making in medicine, in this demo paper we introduce ACTA, a tool for automating the argumentative analysis of clinical trials. The tool is designed to support doctors and clinicians in identifying the document(s) of interest about a certain disease, and in analyzing the main argumentative content and PICO elements.
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Fountas, Nikolaos A., John Kechagias, Redha Benhadj-Djilali, Constantinos I. Stergiou, and Nikolaos M. Vaxevanidis. "Optimizing 5-Axis Sculptured Surface Finish Machining Through Design of Experiments and Neural Networks." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20210.
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Five axis machining and CAM software play key role to new manufacturing trends. Towards this direction, a series of 5 axis machining experiments were conducted in CAM environment to simulate operations and collect results for quality objectives. The experiments were designed using an L27 orthogonal array addressing four machining parameters namely tool type, stepover, lead angle and tilt angle (tool inclination angles). Resulting outputs from the experiments were used for the training and testing of a feed-forward, back-propagation neural network (FFBP-NN) towards the effort of optimizing surface deviation and machining time as quality objectives. The selected ANN inputs were the aforementioned machining parameters. The outputs were the surface deviation (SD) and machining time (tm). Experimental results were utilized to train, validate and test the ANN. Major goal is to provide results robust enough to predict optimal values for quality objectives, thus; support decision making and accurate machining modelling.
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Yin, Di, Shujian Huang, Xin-Yu Dai, and Jiajun Chen. "Utilizing Non-Parallel Text for Style Transfer by Making Partial Comparisons." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/747.
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Text style transfer aims to rephrase a given sentence into a different style without changing its original content. Since parallel corpora (i.e. sentence pairs with the same content but different styles) are usually unavailable, most previous works solely guide the transfer process with distributional information, i.e. using style-related classifiers or language models, which neglect the correspondence of instances, leading to poor transfer performance, especially for the content preservation. In this paper, we propose making partial comparisons to explicitly model the content and style correspondence of instances, respectively. To train the partial comparators, we propose methods to extract partial-parallel training instances automatically from the non-parallel data, and to further enhance the training process by using data augmentation. We perform experiments that compare our method to other existing approaches on two review datasets. Both automatic and manual evaluations show that our approach can significantly improve the performance of existing adversarial methods, and outperforms most state-of-the-art models. Our code and data will be available on Github.
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Gelman, Vitaly. "Thyristor Controlled Rectifier Testing Using Scaling Theory." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6133.
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Thyristor Controlled Rectifiers offer numerous advantages for the traction applications: capital cost savings, increased system throughput, reduced maintenance and additional energy and cost savings for reversible controlled rectifiers. Yet the controlled rectifier usage has been limited, partially because of testing difficulties. The multi-megawatt power level makes testing at the test laboratory at full power impractical. Further exasperating the issue is a presence of control systems that can’t be tested completely while running with a shorted output. The paper proposes a way out of this conundrum through the testing at reduced voltage and current (scaling). The scaling allows reducing power requirements 50 to 400 times, making it practical to test both regulating system and power circuit performance with simulated train load current. The scaled voltage/current test verifies a dynamic response under realistic train behavior, voltage regulation curve, AC and DC harmonics. The paper proposes the scaling tests to verify both forward and reverse operation of controlled rectifier.
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Ruvalcaba Velarde, Salvador A., Ruben Villegas Rodriguez, and Mohammed A. Asiri. "Data Analytics and Statistical Hypothesis Testing: Making the Difference between Passing or Failing a Wet Gas Multiphase Flow Meter in a Field Trial Test." In SPE Saudi Arabia Section Annual Technical Symposium and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/177992-ms.
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Hogg, Chris, and Peter Matthews. "Establishing the Performance Requirements of Rail Vehicle Glazed Bodyside Units: A Suppliers Perspective." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36059.
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In the last 7 significant accidents on the railways in GB there have been 60 passenger fatalities. 14 of these have been caused by ejection (passengers being thrown from the train during the course of the collision). One additional fatality was attributed to an object entering the carriage through the train window. In total there have been 26 ejections with over 50% resulting in fatality. The trend has been towards higher speed incidents involving vehicles overturning. The authority responsible for setting Safety Standards and, conducting research on behalf of the Train Operators and Stakeholders in GB’s railways is the Rail Safety and Standards Board (RSSB). They initiated a multi faceted stream of research to investigate the performance of glazed systems in train incidents. The aim of the research was to identify and establish measures which replicate the conditions to which glazed systems may be subject to in collision conditions and to formulate corresponding performance requirements designed to prevent passenger ejection. The research was phased and entailed the following: • Accident investigation and analysis, detailed vehicle examination. • Review of 600 passenger witness statements, obtained by British Transport Police. • Generation of computer models using the MADYMO code and Side Impact Dummy (SID) to model the overturning event in a variety of conditions. • Postulation of events and measures based on analysis. • Proposed test programme. • Construction of new test apparatus. • Construction of existing glazed units — benchmarking process. • Construction of glazed units of improved design utilising different glass specifications and laminations but capable of being fitted into existing frames. • Testing, reporting, stakeholder reviews and the production of a new equipment standard for glass in railway vehicles. The research team was keen to include a glazing company capable of providing the highest level of technical support. Independent Glass, a Scottish company had been making significant strides in improving the penetration performance of glazed units (especially at the extremes of ambient temperature conditions) was chosen to produce glass samples for the project. A significant amount of testing was undertaken at their premises in Glasgow. Additionally the new tests were undertaken which demonstrate improved penetration resistance by heavy objects and improved passenger containment. This research has been embedded in the proposed new RSSB standard “GM/RT 2100” [1] which has developed a new scenario based sequential testing regime for glazed laminated systems in railway vehicles. This paper will inform the audience of these new requirements and the research which led to its introduction. It will show the testing that has been undertaken from the perspective of the glazing manufacturer and will detail the equipment that is required to be able to perform these new tests. It will comment on the cost and mass implications of fitting these new glazing units to vehicles in GB and the safety benefit of doing so. Toughened windows are still being used by some train operators for emergency egress; however most operators are now converting their vehicles to having entirely laminated units in vehicles. This is not the subject of this paper.
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Petkevičiūtė-Barysienė, Dovilė. "HUMAN-AUTOMATION INTERACTION IN LAW: MAPPING LEGAL DECISIONS, COGNITIVE PROCESSES, AND AUTOMATION LEVELS." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact070.
Full textAbstract:
"Legal technologies not only create new ways for accessing and providing legal services, but also transform the roles of legal practitioners. Major area of the application of legal technologies are courts. Some courts, e.g., in Austria, are already using legal technologies, Germany, Brazil, France, Netherlands, Russia and others are developing legal technologies. Both lawyers and users of legal services expect automated solutions to outperform people with efficiency, objectivity and impartiality. Although perception of various characteristics of legal technologies is crucial to their implementation and use, research on the perceived characteristics of the automated processes in legal contexts have just begun. One of the major obstacles to this research is lack of comprehensive understanding what legal actions could be or already are meaningfully automated, and to what extent. The aim of this study is to map decision making stages, and automation levels, and information processing features of legal activities related to (pre)trial processes. Major legal decisions and judgments related to trial processes are identified during the consultations with legal practitioners (e.g., prosecutor, judge). Next, legal activities were described and arranged according to four-stage decision making process: information acquisition, information analysis, decision selection and decision implementation. A taxonomy of levels of automation (LOA) was customized to fit legal decision making and applied to describe each major legal activity. Lastly, dual-process model of information processing was used to delineate possible roles of intuitive and rational information processing taking place during (pre)trial decision making as they could be related to human-automation interaction. Automation level analysis provides systematic approach to interaction between humans and algorithms, along with some groundwork for the research of legal technology perceived fairness and acceptance. 10 legal activities which apply both to judge’s and prosecutor’s (potentially any other lawyer’s) legal work were discerned. The application of adapted LOA (5 levels) provided some insights into legal decision making as it allows to place existing technology, test the trust in technology threshold, and have more tangible view of automation in legal activities. Moreover, a modified hybrid default-interventionist model is proposed. It brings even more depth into analysis by specifying the role of “legal” and “heuristic” intuitions as well as the part rationalization plays in potential bias sources and formation."