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Journal articles on the topic 'Train journeys'
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Kroes, Eric, and Fons Savelberg. "Substitution from Air to High-Speed Rail: The Case of Amsterdam Airport." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (April 3, 2019): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119839952.
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In this paper we present the results of a study that aims to establish the potential for high-speed train travel as a substitute for short distance air travel at Amsterdam Airport. We investigated the 13 most important destinations that offer direct flights to and from Amsterdam Airport. Almost 40% of the air passengers travelling to/from these destinations are transfer passengers. Empirical evidence reveals that high-speed trains dominate the market for journeys of 2 hours or less, such as between Paris and Brussels. However, trains claim only a tiny market share of journeys longer than 5 to 6 hours; air travel dominates that market segment. Using these findings, we developed a model to estimate the substitution of air travel with high-speed train travel. The explanatory variables in this model are travel time, daily departure options, fares, and the inconvenience associated with transferring at airports. In a “minimum” scenario, we predict that in 2030 high-speed trains could replace approximately 1.9 million air journeys. This calculation is based on feasible reductions of train travel times and increased train frequencies for part of the rail network. In this scenario, Amsterdam–London accounts for more than three-quarters of the predicted substitution. In a “maximum” scenario, substitution could increase up to 3.7 million air journeys per year, provided that inconveniences for passengers when transferring at airports from plane to train are resolved and train ticket fares are reduced by 20%. These two scenarios imply a reduction of 2.5 to 5% of all flights to/from Amsterdam Airport in 2030.
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HOWLETT, PHIL. "THE TWO-TRAIN SEPARATION PROBLEM ON LEVEL TRACK WITH DISCRETE CONTROL." ANZIAM Journal 60, no. 2 (October 2018): 137–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181118000214.
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When two trains travel along the same track in the same direction, it is a common safety requirement that the trains must be separated by at least two signals. This means that there will always be at least one clear section of track between the two trains. If the safe-separation condition is violated, then the driver of the following train must adopt a revised strategy that will enable the train to stop at the next signal if necessary. One simple way to ensure safe separation is to define a prescribed set of latest allowed section exit times for the leading train and a corresponding prescribed set of earliest allowed section entry times for the following train. We will find strategies that minimize the total tractive energy required for both trains to complete their respective journeys within the overall allowed journey times and subject to the additional prescribed section clearance times. We assume that the drivers use a discrete control mechanism and show that the optimal driving strategy for each train is defined by a sequence of approximate speedholding phases at a uniquely defined optimal driving speed on each section and that the sequence of optimal driving speeds is a decreasing sequence for the leading train and an increasing sequence for the following train. We illustrate our results by finding optimal strategies and associated speed profiles for both trains in some elementary but realistic examples.
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Koutny, Maciej. "The Merlin-Randell problem of train journeys." Acta Informatica 23, no. 4 (July 1986): 429–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00267866.
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Gündling, Felix, Florian Hopp, and Karsten Weihe. "Efficient monitoring of public transport journeys." Public Transport 12, no. 3 (September 12, 2020): 631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12469-020-00248-8.
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Abstract Many things can go wrong on a journey. From minor disturbances like a track change to major problems like train cancellations, everything can happen. The broad availability of smartphones enables us to keep the traveler up-to-date with information relevant for the journey. This way, the traveler can react to changes as early as possible and make well-informed decisions. Naive approaches are too inefficient to monitor a large number of journeys in real-time. This paper presents an efficient way to monitor millions of journeys in parallel. In our approach, the selection of change notices to be communicated to a traveler may be flexibly adapted to the travelers individual needs.
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ALBRECHT, AMIE, PHIL HOWLETT, and PETER PUDNEY. "THE COST–TIME CURVE FOR AN OPTIMAL TRAIN JOURNEY ON LEVEL TRACK." ANZIAM Journal 58, no. 1 (July 2016): 10–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181116000092.
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In this paper, we show that the cost of an optimal train journey on level track over a fixed distance is a strictly decreasing and strictly convex function of journey time. The precise structure of the cost–time curves for individual trains is an important consideration in the design of energy-efficient timetables on complex rail networks. The development of optimal timetables for busy metropolitan lines can be considered as a two-stage process. The first stage seeks to find optimal transit times for each individual journey segment subject to the usual trip-time, dwell-time, headway and connection constraints in such a way that the total energy consumption over all proposed journeys is minimized. The second stage adjusts the arrival and departure times for each journey while preserving the individual segment times and the overall journey times, in order to best synchronize the collective movement of trains through the network and thereby maximize recovery of energy from regenerative braking. The precise nature of the cost–time curve is a critical component in the first stage of the optimization.
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Wang, Pu, and Qing-peng Zhang. "Train delay analysis and prediction based on big data fusion." Transportation Safety and Environment 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdy001.
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Abstract Despite the fact that punctuality is an advantage of rail travel compared with other long-distance transport, train delays often occur. For this study, a three-month dataset of weather, train delay and train schedule records was collected and analysed in order to understand the patterns of train delays and to predict train delay time. We found that in severe weather train delays are determined mainly by the type of bad weather, while in ordinary weather the delays are determined mainly by the historical delay time and delay frequency of trains. Identifying the factors closely correlated with train delays, we developed a machine-learning model to predict the delay time of each train at each station. The prediction model is useful not only for passengers wishing to plan their journeys more reliably, but also for railway operators developing more efficient train schedules and more reasonable pricing plans.
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Vardy, A. E. "Aerodynamic Drag on Trains in Tunnels Part 1: Synthesis and Definitions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 210, no. 1 (January 1996): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_324_02.
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Aerodynamic drag on trains in tunnels includes friction drag and pressure drag, which are respectively the algebraic sums of the longitudinal components of all shear and normal forces on the train surfaces. The first of these is broadly similar to its counterpart in the open. The second is shown to include two effects that are usually negligible in the open. It is shown that the overall drag force must be regarded as the sum of individual components, each of which behaves differently from the others. The components can be represented by non-dimensional coefficients whose numerical values are nearly constant for a wide range of train journeys. In contrast, the overall drag coefficient is shown to vary significantly, even during any particular journey. The principal causes of aerodynamic drag in tunnels are also the principal causes of pressure waves that give rise to potential aural discomfort for passengers. It is argued that a common method of analysis is appropriate for the prediction of both of these effects. Ill-defined train areas are shown to be a potentially serious source of confusion in the estimation and interpretation of drag coefficients. The relevant train area is shown to be its aerodynamic area, the definition of which is explained.
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Knees, Peter, Tim Pohle, and Gerhard Widmer. "Sound/tracks: artistic real-time sonification of train journeys." Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces 6, no. 1-2 (January 24, 2012): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12193-011-0089-x.
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Bonner, Withold. "Von Utopie zu Dystopie. Eisenbahnreisen in der Sowjetunion in Texten aus der DDR." Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Germanistik 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zig-2016-0206.
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Abstract Train journeys to the USSR were a popular topic in GDR literature. This article explores the images of the Soviet Union, of its inhabitants and of the travellers themselves in texts by GDR authors written and published between 1962 and 2010. In these texts the train becomes an important symbol for what the authors see on their journey. This also includes what remains hidden from them and, in particular, how they understand what they are seeing and what not. The train therefore turns into a symbolic transit space, a heterotopia capable of juxtaposing several spaces - that are in themselves incompatible - in a single real place (Foucault). The train, its engine, windows and compartments in the texts discussed encompass surprisingly different perceptions of the Soviet Union, ranging from those informed by a strong faith in the imminent implementation of the socialist utopia to those informed by the perception of a Stalinist dystopia - and the ongoing repression of this insight on the part of the authors.
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Kiciński, Marcin, Dariusz Przybylski, and Agnieszka Merkisz-Guranowska. "The evaluation of variants arrival of the employees to work – the case study of 31st Tactical Air Force Bas." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 1085–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.555.
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Paper presents an example of using a multi-criterial method of decision support (AHP) to choose a route variant different types of individual and collective transport (car, bus, train and tram). Authors analyzed 2 different journeys from two cities: Poznan and Gniezno to 31st Tactical Air Force Base in Poznan (Krzesiny). Compilation of variants was evaluated by group of criteria: time and cost of a journey, accessibility and number of transfers. A model of preferences was adopted that decision about a journey take two several persons (stakeholders) – professional soldiers.
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Valdivia, Leonardo Jesus, Gonzalo Solas, Javier Añorga, Saioa Arrizabalaga, Iñigo Adin, and Jaizki Mendizabal. "ETCS On-board Unit Safety Testing: Saboteurs, Testing Strategy and Results." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 29, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v29i2.2171.
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It is necessary to verify the faults tolerance of the European Train Control System (ETCS) on-board unit even if these faults are uncommon. Traditional test methods defined and used in ETCS do not allow to check this, so it is necessary to develop a new mechanism of tests. This paper presents the design and implementation of a saboteur applied to the railway sector. The main purpose of the saboteur is the fault injection in the communication interfaces. By means of a virtual laboratory it is possible to simulate actual train journeys to test the ETCS on-board unit. Making use of the saboteurs and the virtual laboratory it is possible to analyse the behaviour of the train in the presence of unexpected faults, and to verify that the decisions taken are correct to ensure the required safety level. Therefore, this work shows a testing strategy based on different kinds of train journeys when faults are injected, and the analysis of the results.
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Welté, Jean-Baptiste. "Identity negotiation of older people in a mobility context: The case of train journeys." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 34, no. 4 (June 20, 2019): 74–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051570719845302.
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This research sets out to understand the process of identity negotiation undertaken by older people. The limitations associated with the ageing process are increasing. Older people must also negotiate with regard to the social image of ageing. They encounter this identity negotiation in an emblematic manner in mobility contexts. The research, conducted on the basis of an ethnographic methodology of train journeys, identifies four identity-negotiation strategies for older people, based on stoic fatalism, opportunistic acceptance, empowering appropriation and similar adequacy. These four strategies may be adopted by a single person during the same journey. They are then discussed in relation to the concept of successful ageing.
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Dwyer, Anne. "Of Hats and Trains: Cultural Traffic in Leskov‘s and Dostoevski‘s Westward Journeys." Slavic Review 70, no. 1 (2011): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.70.1.0067.
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The first train line connecting St. Petersburg with western Europe opened in 1862, providing the occasion for Fedor Dostoevskii and Nikolai Leskov to take positions in regard to train travel, cultural traffic, and Russia's insertion into modernity. Anne Dwyer's analysis of Dostoevskii'sWinterNotes on Summer Impressionsand Leskov's “From a Travel Diary” reveals an essential paradox. While Leskov is eager to foster the railroad, he switches hats with ease and offers pragmatic performances of an imperial identity based on his competency in the languages of the borderlands. In contrast, the nationalist Dostoevskii fulminates against train travel yet explores the ways in which modernity's onset changes human experience and literary possibilities. Their bifurcated yet equally ambivalent responses to modernity as emblematized by the railroad illuminate the diversity of attempts to articulate a Russian identity in relationship both to Russia's own people(s) and to western Europe in the modern age.
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Patterson, R., E. Webb, C. Millett, and A. A. Laverty. "Physical activity accrued as part of public transport use in England." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 2 (June 8, 2018): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy099.
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Abstract Background Walking and cycling for transport (active travel) is an important source of physical activity with established health benefits. However, levels of physical activity accrued during public transport journeys in England are unknown. Methods Using the English National Travel Survey 2010–14 we quantified active travel as part of public transport journeys. Linear regression models compared levels of physical activity across public transport modes, and logistic regression models compared the odds of undertaking 30 min a day of physical activity. Results Public transport users accumulated 20.5 min (95% confidence interval=19.8, 21.2) a day of physical activity as part of public transport journeys. Train users accumulated 28.1 min (26.3, 30.0) with bus users 16.0 min (15.3, 16.8). Overall, 34% (32%, 36%) of public transport users achieved 30 min a day of physical activity in the course of their journeys; 21% (19%, 24%) of bus users and 52% (47%, 56%) of train users. Conclusion Public transport use is an effective way to incorporate physical activity into daily life. One in three public transport users meet physical activity guidelines suggesting that shifts from sedentary travel modes to public transport could dramatically raise the proportion of populations achieving recommended levels of physical activity.
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Leurent, Fabien, and Xiaoyan Xie. "On Individual Repositioning Distance along Platform during Train Waiting." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (June 21, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4264528.
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Out of waiting times spent in rail stations on boarding platforms, some part can be reinvested by the trip-makers to optimize their positions of boarding and save on travel time for the rest of their trips. This paper provides a stochastic model, in which user’s journey is decomposed into phases of, successively, walking in the access station, platform positioning, waiting for boarding, train riding, and walking in the egress station. Walking speed and target position are modeled as individual factors, and in-station distances as random variables. Service timetable is exogenous. This makes egress times and exit instants random variables that are characterized by distribution and mass probability functions under closed-forms, for both single and distributed walking speeds. Specific statistical distributions are shown to ease computation. The resulting PDF formulae make likelihood functions of the model parameters. Maximum likelihood estimation is proposed and applied to a case study of commuter rail line in Paris: journeys between stations Vincennes and La Défense along line A of the Regional Express Railways. Based on data from Automated Fare Collection and Automatic Vehicle Location systems and pertaining to an individual user, satisfactory results were obtained.
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Tischer, Erik, Petr Nachtigall, and Jaromír Široký. "The use of simulation modelling for determining the capacity of railway lines in the Czech conditions." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0026.
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AbstractSimulation modelling is one way to determine the capacity of railway lines. The specialized software tool OpenTrack was used for simulation. The aim of this paper was to find out whether the OpenTrack simulation software can be used for the calculation of headway, and to compare the results with the methodology of the Railway Infrastructure Administration (SŽDC). Using the software tool, a detailed transport network model can be created including all its important characteristics. The simulation follows the movements and behaviour of trains with predefined parameters on the modelled railway line. OpenTrack allows for monitoring a range of parameters including not only train delays, train conflicts and train traffic flow, but also for instance train energy performance and headways. During the first stage of work with OpenTrack, a simulation model was created, not reflecting any existing infrastructure but including parameters typical of railway lines in the Czech Republic, such as the configuration of gridirons, length of station tracks, size of block sections, etc. This model was subsequently used for the simulation of type train set journeys, and a headway calculator was used for the calculation of headway values. These values were compared with the methodology used by the Railway Infrastructure Administration. The paper is concluded by the comparison of the above mentioned approaches.
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Ruksakulpiwat, Suebsarn, Wendie Zhou, Chantira Chiaranai, and Jane E. Vonck. "Human Travelling and COVID-19 Pandemic." Siriraj Medical Journal 73, no. 9 (September 1, 2021): 562–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33192/smj.2021.73.
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Objective: To determine whether there is a relationship between the extent of human travel and the number of COVID-19 cases in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The data set on monthly COVID-19 in Thailand between January and July 2020 were retrieved from the Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. Data regarding people’s travel in Thailand during the COVID-19 pandemic and for the same period of 2019 were retrieved from Open Government Data of Thailand. A paired t-test was used to compare the differences between the number of journeys made in each mode of transport in 2019 (January - July) and 2020 (January - July). Pearson’s product-moment correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationships among studied variables. Results: A Paired Samples t-test showed that from January until July 2020, the number of journeys made by public buses, ships, and airplanes declined by more than 50% from the previous year (p < 0.05). Pearson correlation coefficients showed that the mean monthly number of COVID-19 cases was significantly and inversely correlated with the number of public bus journeys made (r = -0.897, p < 0.01), the number of train journeys (r = -0.834, p < 0.05), ship journeys (r = -0.890, p < 0.01), and airplane journeys (r = -0.911, p < 0.01). There was no significant relationship between the number of COVID-19 cases and private car journeys (r = -0.405, p = 0.367). Conclusion: During the pandemic, the number of journeys has been decreased. Moreover, the correlation between the number of journeys and COVID-19 cases has been shown in our analysis.
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Seferi, Yljon, Steven M. Blair, Christian Mester, and Brian G. Stewart. "Power Quality Measurement and Active Harmonic Power in 25 kV 50 Hz AC Railway Systems." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 5698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215698.
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Railway electrical networks rated at 25 kV 50 Hz are characterised by significant levels of voltage and current harmonics. These frequency components are also time varying in nature due to the movement of trains and changing operational modes. Processing techniques used to evaluate harmonic results, although standardised, are not explicitly designed for railway applications, and the smoothing effect that the standard aggregation algorithms have on the measured results is significant. This paper analyses the application accuracy of standardised power quality (PQ) measurement algorithms, when used to measure and evaluate harmonics in railway electrical networks. A shorter aggregation time interval is proposed for railway power quality measurement instruments, which offers more accurate estimated results and improved tracking of time varying phenomena. Harmonic active power present in railway electrical networks is also evaluated in order to quantify the impact it has on the energy accumulated by electrical energy meters installed on-board trains. Analysis performed on 12 train journeys shows significant levels of non-fundamental active power developed for short periods of time. As an energy meter will inadvertently absorb the financial cost of non-fundamental energy produced by other trains or other external power flows, results are provided to support recommendations for future standards to measure only fundamental frequency energy within train energy measurement meters.
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Brage-Ardao, Ruben, Daniel J. Graham, and Richard J. Anderson. "Determinants of Train Service Costs in Metro Operations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2534, no. 1 (January 2015): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2534-05.
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Research about service operation costs in the rail sector has usually focused on freight, high-speed, or national passenger rail, but has seldom included the study of the cost of urban rail (metro) rapid transit. This study analyzed the determinants of train service costs for a panel of 24 metro systems worldwide. The study used econometric modeling to assess the relative weight of each factor. Wages and electricity prices and consumption were found to have statistically significant elasticities and evidence of potential substitution effects between factors. Other factors, such as driver productivity, network length, percentage of rolling stock with air conditioning, and rolling stock age, also showed statistically significant elasticities. The study found evidence of strong returns to density and returns to scale in the provision of train service outputs (for example, car kilometers, passenger journeys, and train hours).
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Rahmatputra, Muhammad Abi. "Utilization of GPS System (Global Positioning System) in Automatic Announcer for Train Stops and Speed Monitoring." Jurnal Jartel: Jurnal Jaringan Telekomunikasi 3, no. 2 (November 7, 2016): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v3i2.218.
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Trains are one of the most popular public transportations for consumers in Indonesia when they travel. For the service of providing information on the announcement of the next station stop, it has begun to be implemented in almost all train journeys, but in terms of delivery it is still manually using loudspeakers with sound system devices. This system uses a tablet with Android OS as the main control. The communication system utilizes the GPS system when the tracking process with additional data access is more accurate. For the input data, namely the voice recording data of the announcer for each station to be visited and the parameter data of the coordinate points before entering the stopping station. The system created will track the train route and issue an announcer sound on the sound system and the speed feature will be displayed in real time on this application. From the test results 10 times the implementation on the announcer train has sounded automatically according to the plan range area of ??± 2 km before entering the station. For data records, the highest delay time for data reception is 3 seconds. In the average difference from the calculation of the sample data record distance with the Euclidean theorem is 19 meters while the Haversine theorem is 22 meters.
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Venediktov, G. L., and V. M. Kochetkov. "Comprehensive optimization of passenger trains operation based on an automated system for managing the profitability of passenger traffic." VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 79, no. 6 (February 27, 2021): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2020-79-6-343-350.
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The article is devoted to solving the problem of optimizing the tariff policy, which is relevant for the passenger complex, with the most rational use of the rolling stock. Principles of economic and mathematical modeling are presented in order to determine the optimal number of cars in passenger trains and prices for travel in a single calculation process called complex optimization. Developed models make it possible to form optimal train schemes in accordance with the predicted demand, balancing supply and demand for transportation, which, in turn, radically increases its economic efficiency. Simultaneously with finding the optimal schemes by the method of complex optimization, such fares are determined at which the balance of supply and demand is achieved with the maximum possible economic effect. The article discusses the analytical models of passenger demand, the principles of implementation of the complex optimization procedure, the problems of forecasting passenger demand and the features of calculating the forecast of demand for the example of train No. 17/18 “Karelia” on the Petrozavodsk—Moscow route, and also offers a solution to the problem of determining the optimal prices and train schemes. On the example of real data of the operation of this train, the effectiveness of the automated system for managing the profitability of passenger traffic, created on the basis of complex optimization algorithms, was evaluated. It is shown that the developed analytical models of passenger demand allow solving optimization problems that increase the efficiency of automated control systems for the economic indicators of the transportation process, and the multi-model forecasting system provides satisfactory accuracy with a high level of forecast detail. Due to the fact that the level of expenses for train journeys radically affects the result of optimization of the transportation process with variable train schemes, the adopted optimization criterion takes into account both income and transportation costs. The results of calculations are presented showing that the complex optimization procedure for the “Karelia” train could give a significant additional financial result.
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Crestani, Valentina. "Planen, fahren, travel...: Die Sprache der Reisenden in Foren über Zugreisen." Sociolinguistica 32, no. 1 (November 1, 2018): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soci-2018-0017.
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Abstract The present paper analyses language used in forums about journeys by train, in particular focusing on their thematic and linguistic-functional characteristics. The choice of this type of forum is due to the fact that travelers are more and more interested in travelling by train because of various factors such as economy, environmental protection and the desire for a comfortable means of transport. The paper focuses on the forum https://rail.cc/de/forum and it examines 100 German and 100 English postings, offering a contrastive analysis. The main questions of the investigation are as follows: 1) How are German and English postings structured according to their topics? 2) What kind of relationship exists between the language used and linguistic functions of the postings?
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Cole, Rupert. "A Tale of Two Train Journeys: Lawrence Bragg, C. P. Snow and The ‘Two Cultures’." Interdisciplinary Science Reviews 41, no. 2-3 (July 2, 2016): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03080188.2016.1223647.
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Canavan, Shane, Alexander Barron, Judith Cohen, Daniel J. Graham, and Richard J. Anderson. "Best Practices in Operating High Frequency Metro Services." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 9 (May 9, 2019): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119845356.
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Most metro rail systems worldwide are facing increasing demand and the need to deliver additional capacity in key corridors. Although total capacity reflects the combination of train capacity and frequency, increasing frequency is the primary strategy to increase capacity on existing lines where infrastructure is fixed. Higher frequencies also increase efficiency, by attracting more passengers and making existing journeys faster, thereby making better use of expensive rail infrastructure and increasing both metro revenues and wider economics benefits to the cities they serve. This paper is based on a study conducted for the Community of Metros, a worldwide group of metro systems, which surveyed 17 high frequency lines. The paper first documents the characteristics of high frequency lines [with 25 trains per hour (tph) or more defined as “high frequency” and 30 tph or more as “very high frequency”] and presents the various constraints to higher frequency operations, including how they interact and the various possible solutions. Five main categories of constraints were identified, relating to signaling and train control, station and train crowding, fleet, terminal turnarounds, and service complexity. To achieve the highest frequencies, it is essential for metro systems to take a holistic approach and identify not only the immediate constraints but also secondary and tertiary constraints that may prevent the full benefits of improvements from being realized. This paper provides guidance to those operating, funding, planning, and designing metro systems in how to maximize frequency and thereby deliver greater benefits to riders, transit agencies, and stakeholders.
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van Kampen, Jullian, Eric Pauwels, Rob van der Mei, and Elenna R. Dugundji. "Understanding the relation between travel duration and station choice behavior of cyclists in the metropolitan region of Amsterdam." Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12652-020-02856-5.
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AbstractWith 35,000 km of bicycle pathways, cycling is common among persons of all ages less than 65 years in the Netherlands. Bicycle is often seen as a standalone travel mode but when integrated as part of a multimodal trip with train, it can be an important solution for long distance journeys, offering increased flexibility and faster access time compared to other travel modes. In this paper we investigate which factors influence departure station choice on combined bicycle–train and bicycle-metro trips in the metropolitan region of Amsterdam. Data from a mobile app was used to track an individual’s travel behavior over the years 2018 and 2019. A discrete choice model was estimated to see whether people prefer to park their bicycle at the station with the shortest travel duration or one of the stations with a longer travel duration. The final results show that level of education and age negatively influence the choice for cycling to the second closest station. Furthermore, the results show that people with an origin inside Amsterdam prefer to travel to a train station regardless of their destination.
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HARRIS, TONY. "Editorial Integrating CALL into Study Programmes Selected Papers from EUROCALL 2006." ReCALL 19, no. 2 (May 2007): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0958344007000122.
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Like a good deal of change in education, the integration of digital technologies into language teaching and learning has a tendency to be a slow moving, often uncertain, process, whose advance is punctuated by a series of political, administrative and educational filters. These operate at both a global (i.e. international and/or national) and local (i.e. regional and/or institutional) level. Like a train setting off from its departure point travelling towards a final destination – the “normalisation” of CALL perhaps, where computer technology becomes “an integral part of every lesson, like a pen or a book” (Bax 2003: 23) – we all see this process from the unique standpoint of our own institution, though in fact our journey takes place simultaneously within regional, national and international boundaries. Departure and arrival points will inevitably differ: delays may vary, but are to be expected. And although the view from the window, including the stations we stop off at, might look very similar, even identical at times, we will invariably recount different experiences at the end of our journeys – assuming, of course, we ever arrive!
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Junker, Susanne. "Vanitas Reloaded: a Remote Tableau Composition from the Corona "Home Wunderkammer"." INSAM Journal of Contemporary Music, Art and Technology, no. 5 (December 15, 2020): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51191/issn.2637-1898.2020.3.5.74.
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Visuals – images – are a globally understandable exchange and copyable transmission of information. “O God, I could be bounded in a nutshell and count myself a king of infinite space,” Hamlet noticed. We also use our Coronavirus home office for experimental journeys in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. As in the 15th / 16th / 17th Century, worlds far away from us were discovered, and we embark on digital adventures that are temporary, simultaneous, synchronous, asynchronous, independent of location. We decided to work with digital photography as a visual method for mainly two reasons. First, taking photos can be done relatively easy during a shut down in the home office. We can train creativity and visual perception without being in a university's studio. Second, photographs can be analyzed and compared with paintings and therefore criticized by their motifs, aesthetic representation, and within their time frame. Our visual souvenirs are photographs and videos in the mirror of illusion, immersion, and imagination
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Egger, Sabine. "‘THE EAST’ AS A TRANSIT SPACE IN THE NEW EUROPE? TRANSNATIONAL TRAIN JOURNEYS IN PROSE POEMS BY KURT DRAWERT, LUTZ SEILER AND ILMA RAKUSA." German Life and Letters 68, no. 2 (March 26, 2015): 245–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/glal.12079.
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Lamperd, W., D. Clarke, I. Wolframm, and J. Williams. "What makes an elite equestrian rider?" Comparative Exercise Physiology 12, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep160011.
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Eight international riders from Olympic equestrian disciplines, participated in semi-structured interviews investigating developmental factors which they felt had helped them achieve and retain elite status. Key factors were present across the variable rider journeys to elite status. Riders demonstrated a natural aptitude for horse sports, a desire to learn combined with exposure to environments which fostered confidence and skill development: access to elite and developmental horses, observing elite riders, access to coaches and parental support. Riders consistently questioned the status quo of their practice: through partnerships with multiple horses, self-development and horse-development, and were motivated and driven, with a clear belief that they would achieve success; attributes that remain once elite status was achieved. Success appears initially motivated by participation in equine sports for fun and as rider investment was rewarded by winning, with associated financial benefits. When elite status is attained, motivation and definitions of success become focused more upon the relationship with their horse and the constant challenge of developing their own and their horses’ skills. Elite status appears associated with a successful philosophy that underpins rider’ practice: the way riders’ think, ride, train and run their business, underpinned by distinct individual philosophies. These factors combined help riders remain successful at the highest level of their sport.
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Horňák, Marcel, Peter Struhár, and Tomáš Pšenka. "Evaluation of high-standard public transport centres in the Slovak Republic." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 30, no. 30 (December 1, 2015): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0035.
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Abstract Despite of increasing volumes of individual passenger transport and growing dependence of the post-socialist societies on the passenger car, public transport is still inevitable for certain communities. Its social and environmental aspects are obvious reasons why public transport remains within the scope of state and regional policies as a mixture of public and commercial services. Long-distance and international overground public transport represents a higher standard of travelling of considerably commercial nature. An important feature of this segment of the public transport is its capability to compete with individual transportation for long-distance journeys. The commercial character of the long-distance public transport should motivate operators to run territorially effective links covering adequately populated communites and regions with high demand for this segment of public-transport services. This study deals with several territorial aspects of the network of long-distance and international bus and train links of public transport in the Slovak Republic. The network of communities having direct access to the high-standard modes of public transport has been identified, revealing some of their spatial patterns and focusing on categorization of urban settlements by selected parameters of high-standard public transport services. The relationship with the population size of the urban settlements is assessed in the study, too.
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Wilhelm, Dagmar, Stephen Palmer, and Peter Koopman. "Sex Determination and Gonadal Development in Mammals." Physiological Reviews 87, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00009.2006.
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Arguably the most defining moment in our lives is fertilization, the point at which we inherit either an X or a Y chromosome from our father. The profoundly different journeys of male and female life are thus decided by a genetic coin toss. These differences begin to unfold during fetal development, when the Y-chromosomal Sry (“sex-determining region Y”) gene is activated in males and acts as a switch that diverts the fate of the undifferentiated gonadal primordia, the genital ridges, towards testis development. This sex-determining event sets in train a cascade of morphological changes, gene regulation, and molecular interactions that directs the differentiation of male characteristics. If this does not occur, alternative molecular cascades and cellular events drive the genital ridges toward ovary development. Once testis or ovary differentiation has occurred, our sexual fate is further sealed through the action of sex-specific gonadal hormones. We review here the molecular and cellular events (differentiation, migration, proliferation, and communication) that distinguish testis and ovary during fetal development, and the changes in gene regulation that underpin these two alternate pathways. The growing body of knowledge relating to testis development, and the beginnings of a picture of ovary development, together illustrate the complex mechanisms by which these organ systems develop, inform the etiology, diagnosis, and management of disorders of sexual development, and help define what it is to be male or female.
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Egger, Sabine. "Der Raum des Fremden als »fahrender Zug« in Herta Müllers Reisende auf einem Bein." Zeitschrift für interkulturelle Germanistik 7, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/zig-2016-0205.
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Abstract Irene, the protagonist in Herta Müller’s Reisende auf einem Bein, experiences the transit between two political systems as a continuous journey which does not end with her arrival, but extends into everyday life in the destination country, a life marked by Otherness, foreignness and placelessness. The political oppression suffered in her country of origin, an unnamed Eastern bloc state representing Nicolae Ceauşescu’s Romania, influences Irene’s perception of her Western destination country. While Irene suffers from the Otherness and placelessness experienced on her journey, this experience also constitutes her identity as a »vagabond« (Brittnacher / Klaue), making it impossible for her to stop. Irene makes this experience as a train passenger, as well as in train and metro stations where the movement of passing trains makes her feel disconnected, but also allows her to see the fractures in other relationships around her. The article shows how the train journey becomes a central metaphor of Irene’s transit experience, similar to Kristeva’s image of foreignness as a moving train, and describes Irene’s movement by means of the ›vagabond‹, the ›flâneur‹ (Benjamin), the ›nomad‹ (Deleuze / Guattari) and the ›system migrant‹ (Sorko).
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Hjelm, Eva, Kerstin Hartwig, and Carina Berter?? "An Inevitable Journey by Train." Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing 9, no. 4 (July 2007): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.njh.0000280233.48912.40.
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Sivilevičius, Henrikas, Lijana Maskeliūnaitė, Birutė Petkevičienė, and Kazys Petkevičius. "THE MODEL OF EVALUATING THE CRITERIA, DESCRIBING THE QUALITY OF ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF TRAVEL BY INTERNATIONAL TRAIN." TRANSPORT 27, no. 3 (September 19, 2012): 307–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2012.724448.
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The significance of the criteria describing various aspects of travel by train, e.g. passenger transportation comfort, safety, travel time, price of a journey, etc., differs considerably. The quality of particular trains, track sections and staff performance can be successfully evaluated by a single number, using the comprehensive quality index (CQI). The paper offers an additive model to calculate the normalized weight coefficients of particular criteria for CQI calculation. A multi-criteria mathematical model, which may be used for evaluating the significance of the criteria describing organization and technology of travel by train for determining its quality, is also presented. Based on the nineteen adopted criteria (the criteria of group B), reflecting the organization and technology of travel by train, the quantitative estimate KB is obtained. Case studies of calculating the comprehensive quality index KB , describing the organization and technology of travel by the train ‘Vilnius–Moscow’, which show the real quality of these processes, are presented. Finally, the conclusions based on the research results are provided.
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Liu, Wentao, Tao Tang, Shuai Su, Jiateng Yin, Yuan Cao, and Cheng Wang. "Energy-Efficient Train Driving Strategy with Considering the Steep Downhill Segment." Processes 7, no. 2 (February 3, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7020077.
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Implementation of energy-efficient train driving strategy is an effective method to save train traction energy consumption, which has attracted much attention from both researchers and practitioners in recent years. Reducing the unnecessary braking during the journey and increasing the coasting distance are efficient to save energy in urban rail transit systems. In the steep downhill segment, the train speed will continue to increase without applying traction due to the ramp force. A high initial speed before stepping into the steep downhill segment will bring partial braking to prevent trains from overspeeding. Optimization of the driving strategy of urban rail trains can avoid the partial braking such that the potential energy is efficiently used and the traction energy is reduced. This paper presents an energy-efficient driving strategy optimization model for the segment with the steep downhill slopes. A numerical method is proposed to calculate the corresponding energy-efficient driving strategy of trains. Specifically, the steep downhill segment in the line is identified firstly for a given line and the solution space with different scenarios is analyzed. With the given cruising speed, a primary driving strategy is obtained, based on which the local driving strategy in the steep slope segment is optimized by replacing the cruising regime with coasting regime. Then, the adaptive gradient descent method is adopted to solve the optimal cruising speed corresponding to the minimum traction energy consumption of the train. Some case studies were conducted and the effectiveness of the algorithm was verified by comparing the energy-saving performance with the classical energy-efficient driving strategy of “Maximum traction–Cruising–Coasting–Maximum braking”.
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Tołłoczko, Barbara. "“Train Sociology”– An Introduction to Researching the Interactions between Passengers." Folia Turistica 40 (September 30, 2016): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.4020.
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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to sketch an introduction to train sociology by presenting historical changes which – along with the development of railway infrastructure – occurred regarding trains in the matter of interpersonal interactions and the perception of time and space. The secondary goal is to introduce possible research directions within train sociology. Method. The analysis of available sociological and anthropological literature on train journey, the history of the railway and its implications for the social world. Findings. The analysis of available literature allowed to reconstruct the influence of railway development on the perception of time and space from the perspective of a moving means of transport. The area that occurred to be particularly affected with the changes was human imagination, which was expressed in the belles-lettres. Contemporary social researchers may find the interpersonal relations that occur within train compartments interesting. In the article, I recommend investigating passengers’ behaviour and the ways of implementing interactions by inducing the dramaturgical perspective of Erving Goffman. Research and conclusions limitations. The scope of proposed research is limited to Polish trains that have wagons with compartments, which are less and less popular nowadays. Practical implications. The results of the proposed research may be used in the process of designing the train space so that it would fully meet the travellers’ requirements and provide them comfort. Originality. Multidimensional description of influence of the railway development on the human “condition”. Suggestion for new research directions in sociology and anthropology. Type of paper: An overview article.
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van Hagen, Mark, Menno de Bruyn, and Evelien ten Elsen. "The Power of a Pleasant Train Journey." Transportation Research Procedia 26 (2017): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.07.018.
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Maitra, S. N. "A train journey between two terminating stations." Resonance 17, no. 4 (April 2012): 378–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-012-0039-2.
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Bădău, Florin, Borna Abramović, Angel Ciprian Cormoș, and Valentin Iordache. "Management of Urban and Regional Rail: Case Study Bucharest." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 11, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 120–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2020-0021.
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AbstractThe capital of Romania is the main railway hub of the country. As such, the railway network around the capital is quite extensive, with main cities around it being directly connected by rail. Despite this, there are no regular train services for commuters, similar to other large European cities. This paper aims to analyze the current state of railway passenger transport in the region surrounding Bucharest, to highlight the weaknesses of the network and to present a guideline for the implementation of an efficient commuter service. 100 stations in and around the city were evaluated with regard to their degree of accessibility (DoA), defined as the location of the station relative to the nearest settlement. Train frequency, travel times and journey costs were determined for each line originating in Bucharest. These variables were compared to their road equivalents to highlight the differences between these two modes of transport. Low train frequency and the remoteness of many stations were determined to be the main obstacles in establishing an appropriate commuter service. Reworking future timetables to prioritize commuter trains is proposed as a short-term solution, while line improvements and better integration with existing public transport are set as priorities.
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Gunter, Michael M. "Erdogan’s Train to Authoritarianism." Sociology of Islam 8, no. 1 (February 24, 2020): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00801004.
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Recep Tayyip Erdogan — Turkey’s current president (elected 2014) and former prime minister (2003–2014) — infamously once declared that “democracy is like a train; you get off once you have reached your [real] destination.” In other words, one can use democratic means to achieve authoritarian goals. Analyzing Erdogan’s imaginary train journey, one must conclude that the Turkish leader never had the intention of reaching democracy. Indeed, now that he has achieved his actual authoritarian goal, he has jumped off the train. However, his journey did not always seem to be destined for such a terminus. Indeed, in his first decade in power, Erdogan won three parliamentary elections by ever-larger shares of the popular vote because he had helped to build Turkey into a burgeoning economic powerhouse and a moderate Islamic democracy. In the past decade, however, despite winning Turkey’s first popular election for president in August 2014, presiding over another great parliamentary victory in November 2015, and then winning re-election as president as well as retaining control of parliament in June 2018, Erdogan’s increasing authoritarianism has helped precipitate an accelerating crisis both domestically and externally for Turkey. His actions have also negatively affected the Kurds. Although his partial setback in the local elections held in March and June 2019 did seem to affect his hold on power, his seemingly successful creation of a Turkish safety zone in Northern (Syrian) Kurdistan in October 2019 revived his flailing domestic fortunes.
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Chidebe, Runcie C. W. "Patient Navigation: Breaking the Barriers of Care While Empowering Patients to Fight Cancer." Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 3 (October 2018): 10s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.10090.
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Purpose Through the Union for International Cancer Control and Pfizer Oncology SPARC MBC grant, Project PINK BLUE–Health & Psychological Trust Centre implemented the Breast Cancer Navigation and Palliative Program with strategic activities focused on metastatic breast cancer with the goal of “empower[ing] women at risk of, or living with advanced breast cancer and to reduce [the] incidence of stage III or IV breast cancer.” The project established Nigeria's first patient navigation program, which trained 138 health workers and social workers across the six area councils of Abuja and connected 116 breast health facilities, 58 in Abuja and another 58 across Nigeria—diagnostic centers and hospitals—in a Web-based navigation map application. The program was designed to train only 18 patient navigators for Abuja only; however, we trained 44 patient navigators from National Hospital Abuja, Enugu, and Kebbi states who are currently working on establishing Breast Cancer Navigation and Palliative Programs in their respective states. Trained oncology nurse navigators are providing optimum palliative care and navigation to patients across the mapped health facilities in Abuja. Whereas 72 institutions have been engaged through diverse partnerships, 27 resources were produced, including videos, documents, and a palliative/navigation book for health care workers. Ten ECHO palliative care trainings were organized for nurses and pain doctors, with an additional eight in-person workshops on palliative care and patient navigation and five patient support group meetings. Seventy-two news articles were published, including for TV, radio, and in interviews. Methods The program used training of nurses, cancer survivors and nurses to become patient navigators at National Hospital Abuja and across the six area councils of Abuja. Currently, navigators in Niger State and Enugu state have also received training on patient navigation, and more patients with cancer have been tracked and observed during their cancer journeys in Nigeria. Results The program has transited to lead national advocacy at Nigeria’s parliament for the establishment of the National Institute on Cancer Research and Treatment and has also establish such initiatives as Abuja’s first cancer support group and patient-led advocacy and campaign. Several patients with metastatic breast cancer were navigated through their journey with cancer. Conclusion Patients with metastatic breast cancer need more support to live a quality life; more than just pain medication. They need someone to listen to them and caregivers who show their care and love. Patient navigation is an emerging area of oncology and there is a need to support the patient navigators so that they may devote more time to its effects. AUTHOR’S DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Runcie C.W. Chidebe Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Jansen and Jansen Consulting or Advisory Role: Novartis Pharmaceuticals
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Pudney, Peter, and Phil Howlett. "Optimal driving strategies for a train journey with speed limits." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 36, no. 1 (July 1994): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000010225.
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AbstractHow should a vehicle he driven to minimise fuel consumption? In this paper we consider the case where a train is to be driven along a straight, level track, but where speed limits may apply over parts of the track. The journey is to be completed within a specified time using as little fuel as possible.For a journey without speed limits, the optimal driving strategy typically requires full power, speed holding, coasting and full braking, in that order. The holding speed and braking speed can be determined from the vehicle characteristics and the time available to complete the journey. If the vehicle has discrete control settings, the holding phase should be approximated by alternate coast and power phases between two critical speeds.For a journey with speed limits, a similar strategy applies. For each given journey time there is a unique holding speed. On intervals of track where the speed limit is below the desired holding speed, the speed must be held at the limit. If braking is necessary on an interval, the speed at which braking commences is determined in part by the holding speed for the interval. For vehicles with discrete control, speed-holding is approximated by alternate coast and power phases between two critical speeds, or between a lower critical speed and the speed limit.
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Harris, H. R., E. Schmid, and R. A. Smith. "Introduction: Theory of tilting train behaviour." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530634.
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This paper is intended as a general introduction to the concept of tilt and its value to the railways. Relevant railway curve design concepts are discussed, paving the way for a discussion of limits to tilt application. The performance advantages of tilting systems, including passenger comfort and reduced journey time, are discussed. Second-order effects such as increased track forces and fuel savings are also included.
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Fernández-Rodríguez, Adrián, Asunción P. Cucala, and Antonio Fernández-Cardador. "An Eco-Driving Algorithm for Interoperable Automatic Train Operation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 7705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217705.
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The new Automatic Train Operation (ATO) system over the standard European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) will specify the requirements that an automatic train driving system must fulfil in order to be interoperable. The driving is defined by target times located along the journey that are received from the trackside system. Then, the on-board equipment drives the train with the objective of meeting all of the target times. The use of eco-driving methods to calculate the train driving is necessary, as one of the main goals of modern train driving systems is to increase the energy efficiency. This paper presents a simulation-based optimisation algorithm to solve the eco-driving problem constrained by multiple target times. This problem aims to minimize the energy consumption subject to a commercial running time, as the classical eco-driving problem, and also to meet intermediate target times during the journey between stations to enable automatic traffic regulation, especially at junctions. The algorithm proposed combines a Differential Evolution procedure to generate possible solutions with a detailed train simulation model to evaluate them. The use of this algorithm makes possible to find accurate speed profiles that meet the requirements of multiple time objectives. The proposed Differential Evolution algorithm is capable of finding the feasible speed profile with the minimum energy consumption, obtaining a 7.7% of energy variation in the case of a journey with one intermediate target time and 3.1% in the case of two intermediate targets.
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Kolbuszewska, Ewa. "Cepry w górach. Turystyka masowa w krzywym zwierciadle do lat siedemdziesiątych XX wieku." Góry, Literatura, Kultura 12 (August 1, 2019): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4107.12.13.
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Lowlanders in the mountains: A satirising view of mass tourism until the 1970sThe sense of tourism lies in disinterested move from place to place for purposes relating to entertainment and exploration. In 1841 Thomas Cook organised a train excursion for 570 people in England and thus began the era of collective tourism. In the 20th century mass tourism became passive tourism. Such tourism does not require a lot of physical effort and the only thing tourists expect is appropriate transport, access to interesting sights and infrastructure that will satisfy their basic needs. Another characteristic of this type of tourism is the fact that participants do not have to organise their journeys themselves. It should be stressed, however, that in the 20th century tourism became a substantial social movement of great economic significance. Its essence can be defined in a concise formula: “maximum satisfaction with minimum personal effort”. As a result of economic changes in the interwar period, tourism became increasingly democratic, popular and accessible to the masses. The development of passive tourism, which as time goes by transforms itself into largescale mass tourism, can best be followed in the case of tourism in the Tatras. The Tatras, which were “discovered” quite late, became a tourist destination for an increasing number of people already at the turn of the 20th century. The number of tourists grew rapidly in the second half of the 19th century. However, the first visitors to the Podhale region and Zakopane were not very well prepared for excursions in the mountains. Such visitors were referred by the term “ceper” or lowlander, from the beginning having negative and, if not contemptuous then certainly disrespectful connotations. Its etymology is not known. The ignorance of non-highlanders, i.e. their naivety and inexperience, was quite irritating for the simple and intellectually uncomplicated, but “sharp” and cunning local inhabitants of the Podhale region. That is why lowlanders were often laughed at and ridiculed by them. Throughout the 20th century interesting sociological and cultural changes happened consistently and systematically in tourism. Initially tourists were representatives of the wealthier classes, but owing to the development of collective tourism tourists began to come from many other groups in society. As a result there emerged the problem of anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, which in turn increased the signifi cance of the problem of nature protection.
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Al-Haddad, Mo. "Report on the Intensive Care Society, Trainee Division Annual Meeting in Liverpool 14th & 15th August 2003." Journal of the Intensive Care Society 4, no. 3 (October 2003): 88–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175114370300400313.
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After an eight hour journey from Dundee including two scheduled train changes and one unscheduled (the train broke down!), I arrived at the Liverpool Crown Plaza just in time for the first lecture of the Intensive Care Society, Trainee Division Annual Meeting.
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Bambra, Clare, and Chris Orton. "A train journey through the English health divide: Topological map." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 48, no. 5 (December 9, 2015): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x15621633.
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Vitaliev, V. "After All: Diary of a twice-disrupted dream train journey." Engineering & Technology 10, no. 9 (October 1, 2015): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2015.0941.
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Bowstead, Janet Christine. "Forced migration in the United Kingdom: women's journeys to escape domestic violence." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 40, no. 3 (June 25, 2015): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tran.12085.
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Bowstead, Janet Christine. "Forced migration in the United Kingdom: women's journeys to escape domestic violence." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 40, no. 4 (September 15, 2015): 603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/tran.12096.
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