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Journal articles on the topic 'Train speed restrictions'
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Černiauskaitė, Laura, and Kazys Sakalauskas. "TECHNICAL AND ECONOMICAL PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION OF IX B AND XI D INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY TRANSPORT CORRIDORS INTO EUROPEAN RAILWAY TRANSPORT NETWORK." TRANSPORT 18, no. 4 (June 30, 2003): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2003.10414086.
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Technical and economical problems of train speed increment up to 160 km/h in existing IX B and IX D international railway transport corridors are analysed. Train speed restriction reasons, values of restrictions and their locations are estimated according to technical parameter characteristics of existing railway line infrastructure and according to the requirements for high-speed trains. The concept railway lines technical shape includes: plan, longitudinal profile, road upper construction and subgrade, besides quantitative and qualitative indices of elements. The most important indicator of railway lines technical shape is the permissible speed of trains. The radius oflying curves is taken as the most important investigation object in the analysis of geometry of railway lines plan. Computer programme „Trauka“ („Traction“) is used for the solution of problems of train speed increase. The programme is intended to calculate train speed and train driving time by evaluating the technical level of existing railway lines infrastructure. Great attention is paid to a complex analysis of road plan, longitudinal profile and upper road structure elements when railway lines infrastructure reconstruction is carried out. The application of these methods in practice allows the exact estimation of train speed increment possibilities when speed restriction reasons are eliminated.
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Dorrian, Jillian, Gregory D. Roach, Adam Fletcher, and Drew Dawson. "The effects of fatigue on train handling during speed restrictions." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 9, no. 4 (July 2006): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2006.01.003.
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Shang, Hui, Christophe Bérenguer, and John Andrews. "Delayed maintenance modelling considering speed restriction for a railway section." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 231, no. 4 (June 22, 2017): 411–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748006x17709200.
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The deterioration of track geometry depends on several factors of which the speed of the train is one. Imposing a speed restriction can slow down the track deterioration and allows a longer survival time before a serious condition is achieved. Preventive maintenance delays can be authorized during the survival time. However, speed restrictions also reduce the system throughput. On the other hand, a longer interval between preventive maintenance activities has a lower maintenance action cost and it also enables grouping the maintenance activities to save set-up costs as well as system downtime. If the repair delay is too long, it may cause unacceptable conditions on the track and lead to higher maintenance costs and accidents. Therefore, it is interesting to assess the effect of a speed restriction on the delayed maintenance strategies for a railway track section. We want to solve a maintenance optimization problem to find the optimal tuning of the maintenance delay time and imposition of a speed restriction. To this aim, a delayed maintenance model is developed, in which track deterioration depends on the train speed and the number of passing trains. The model is used to determine an optimal speed restriction strategy and a preventive repair delay for the optimization of the system benefit and unavailability. Coloured Petri Nets are adopted to model the maintenance and operation of the railway track section. The Coloured Petri Net model describes the gradual track deterioration as a stochastic process. Different speed restriction policies and maintenance delay strategies are modelled and activated by the observed component states. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to estimate the maintenance cost, the system benefit and the system downtime under different policies. Numerical results show the maintenance decision variable trade-off.
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Yin, Hao, Yu Qian, J. Riley Edwards, and Kaijun Zhu. "Investigation of Relationship between Train Speed and Bolted Rail Joint Fatigue Life using Finite Element Analysis." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (July 1, 2018): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118784382.
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Reducing the allowable operating speed or imposing temporary speed restrictions are common practices to prevent further damage to rail track when defects are detected related to certain track components. However, the speeds chosen for restricted operation are typically based on past experience without considering the magnitude of the impact load around the rail joints. Due to the discontinuity of geometry and track stiffness at the bolted rail joints, an impact load always exists. Thus, slower speeds may not necessarily reduce the stresses at the critical locations around the rail joint area to a safe level. Previously, the relationship between speed and the impact load around the rail joints has not been thoroughly investigated. Recent research performed at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) has focused on investigating the rail response to load at the joint area. A finite element model (FEM) with the capability of simulating a moving wheel load has been developed to better understand the stress propagation at the joint area under different loading scenarios and track structures. This study investigated the relationship between train speed and impact load and corresponding stress propagation around the rail joints to better understand the effectiveness of speed restrictions for bolted joint track. Preliminary results from this study indicate that the contact force at the wheel–rail interface would not change monotonically with the changing train speed. In other words, when train speed is reduced, the maximum contact force at the wheel–rail interface may not necessarily reduce commensurately.
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Haahr, Jørgen Thorlund, David Pisinger, and Mohammad Sabbaghian. "A dynamic programming approach for optimizing train speed profiles with speed restrictions and passage points." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 99 (May 2017): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2016.12.016.
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Malvezzi, M., P. Presciani, B. Allotta, and P. Toni. "Probabilistic analysis of braking performance in railways." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 217, no. 3 (May 1, 2003): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440903769012867.
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To increase safety and efficiency in the management of railway traffic, a new speed control system, named SCMT, is currently being developed by RFI and Trenitalia for the Italian Railways. Other innovative speed supervision systems are being developed in Europe, such as the ETCS/ERTMS, which will also be installed on the new high-speed line Roma-Napoli. All traffic management systems are generally based on a set of supervision curves relating the allowed velocity of the train to the running distance, in order to ensure the respect of speed restrictions on the line by ‘soft’ or ‘hard’ intervention such as an acoustic and visual warning to the driver (soft) and/or service or emergency braking (hard) in the case of train velocity exceeding the permitted one. To elaborate this set of supervision curves, the on-board unit requires train deceleration depending on time and speed as basic information about the braking behaviour of the train. The implementation of a speed supervision system requires a preliminary definition of braking models that allow the conversion of the general parameters affecting the braking performances of trains (such as a braked weight percentage, goods/passenger brake position, brake equipment, train length, etc.) into a basic deceleration profile as a function of time, during the deceleration rise phase, and of speed, during fully developed braking. The deceleration used to evaluate braking curves is obtained by applying a proper safety margin to the nominal deceleration value (which depends on train characteristics). In this paper a probabilistic analysis of train deceleration is carried out, starting from probability distributions of parameters affecting the braking. For the major parameters, the probability distribution was determined on the basis of technical knowledge and experimental results. The aim of this work is to determine the probability that the real deceleration is lower than the nominal value multiplied by a given safety margin.
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van der Kooij, Rimmert B. K., Andreas D. Landmark, Andreas A. Seim, and Nils O. E. Olsson. "The effect of temporary speed restrictions, analyzed by using real train traffic data." Transportation Research Procedia 22 (2017): 580–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.03.047.
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Karasev, S. V., and A. D. Kalidova. "Modeling of train flow handling through a limiting single-track section of the route at the organization of high-speed operation using the existing infrastructure." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 77, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2018-77-1-34-43.
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The article examines the problem of studying the process of handling the opposing train flows through a single track section of the route by modeling for the conditions of organizing high-speed operation while minimizing capital investments in infrastructure. The issue of saving capital investments in infrastructure is especially urgent with the small size of high-speed traffic on non-main lines, including feeder lines for high-speed routes. Significant savings can be ensured by using single-track fixed structures, as well as single-track distances in conditions where the construction of the second main track is associated with a significant increase in cost. However, in this case, an important question arises about the effect of high-speed traffic on the capacity of single-track sections and on the line as a whole. When operating a one-track or two-track section of the route, the issue arises on the adequacy of the capacity level of the junction points from two to one track (one-track section of the route, then the limiting element), and also the possible delays of trains. To investigate the conditions for passing trains through such sections of the route, the Barrier-1 program was developed, which makes it possible to estimate the capacity of the limiting element on the basis of the methods of queuing theory. The model implements an algorithm that does not impose any restrictions on the characteristics of the incoming train flow, which makes it possible to investigate the various conditions for trains to pass through the limiting element (in particular, the regularity or irregularity of the flow, the intervals between trains, the occupation times of the limiting element). The results of modeling the passing of counter traffic flows are displayed in numerical form, as well as in the form of the train traffic schedule, taking into account the increase in time on approaches to the limiting element. The model takes into account the peculiarities of passing the opposing train traffic and allows determining optimal way of passing high-speed and other trains through the limiting element of the route. The calculation is provided using the model and analysis of the capacity of a limiting element of the route for various options of the high-speed trains handling organization, as well as the conditions under which the maximum capacity with the minimum number and delay time (decrease) of trains on approaches to the limiting element.
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Popov, A. F., and M. Fratu. "Calculation algorithm and method for optimizing electricity consumption for the railway traction system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1242/1/012030.
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Abstract This article presents a calculation algorithm for establishing the electricity demand consumed by the railway electric traction system on a railway section, as well as methods for lowering power consumption and cost. In order to conceive the calculation algorithm, the following variables are taken into account: the number of trains in circulation on the section, the slope of the section, the train speed and the speed restrictions. For factors that substantially increase electricity consumption, but can be controlled, optimal values are computed using specific equations in the MATLAB program. The optimal values are implemented using the train’s timetable or a railway control system (SCADA). A decrease in power consumption of 5% can be expected with this method.
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Murray-Smith, DJ. "Development of an inverse simulation method for the analysis of train performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 5 (July 14, 2017): 1295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409717720349.
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Conventional methods of computer-based simulation allow prediction of output variables, often as a function of time, for a given model of a physical system for a given set of initial conditions and input variables. In the case of train performance simulation models, the possible output variables include train speed or distance travelled, both expressed as functions of time. The corresponding input variables, also expressed as functions of time, are the tractive force or power levels for given train characteristics and route information such as gradients, track curvature and speed restrictions. Inverse simulation methods, on the other hand, allow selected model variables (such as the tractive force at any time instant) to be found from other specified model variables applied as input (such as the train speed or distance travelled versus time) for a given set of route conditions and train characteristics. The specific inverse simulation method presented in the paper is based on feedback principles. Illustrative results are used to verify this inverse simulation approach for train performance applications, and further cases are used to show that the inverse formulation provides an insight that is different from that obtained using more conventional forward simulation techniques.
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Kurhan, M. B., D. M. Kurhan, S. Y. Baidak, N. P. Khmelevska, and R. B. Novik. "Reduction of Railway Disorders Intensity Due to Improvement of Line Plan Parameters During Pasportization of Curves." Science and Transport Progress, no. 6(96) (December 20, 2021): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2021/257933.
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Purpose. The work is aimed to reduce the intensity of the track disorder by improving the line plan parameters, ultimately ensuring the safety, smoothness and comfort of driving in the directions of high-speed train traffic. Methodology. To obtain initial data on the parameters of the plan of existing railways, the authors reviewed the world literature on the topic of the study, as well as monitored the railway track operation on the basis of technical passports of track distances. It is known that the accepted mathematical models of the existing plan use the assumption that three adjacent points of the curve lie on a circle. On this principle, the work of flattener machine for switches is based. As a result of corrective works to reduce the amount of shifts, the curve does not correspond to the initial passport data. The methodology involves the analysis and systematization of data to establish appropriate dependencies and build graphs. Findings. Inaccurate determination of the curve parameters results in unjustified speed restrictions on or large volumes of flattening works. Therefore, the proposals have been developed to reduce the intensity of track disorders by bringing the curve parameters to the regulatory requirements in force in Ukraine in the areas of high-speed train traffic. They follow from the analysis of the method of shooting curves used in track distances. The influence of accuracy of the obtained data on the establishment of the curve parameters and the permissible train speeds is identified. The recommendations received in the work will contribute to the effectiveness of design decisions, will determine the quality of the railway reconstruction project. Originality. Scientific approaches to estimating the state of curves, determining their rational parameters and permissible speed in the areas of high-speed train traffic in Ukraine have been further developed. Practical value. The obtained results will be useful for measures to improve the smoothness of train movement, increasing the speed and comfort of driving in the curved track sections, especially in the areas of high-speed train traffic.
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Shynkarenko, V. I., and L. I. Zhuchyi. "Constructive-Synthesizing Modelling of Ontological Document Management Support for the Railway Train Speed Restrictions." Science and Transport Progress, no. 2(98) (June 20, 2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2022/268001.
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Purpose. During the development of railway ontologies, it is necessary to take into account both the data of information systems and regulatory support to check their consistency. To do this, data integration is performed. The purpose of the work is to formalize the methods for integrating heterogeneous sources of information and ontology formation. Methodology. Constructive-synthesizing modelling of ontology formation and its resources was developed. Findings. Ontology formation formalization has been performed, which allows expanding the possibilities of automating the integration and coordination of data using ontologies. In the future, it is planned to expand the structural system for the formation of ontologies based on textual sources of railway regulatory documentation and information systems. Originality. The authors laid the foundations of using constructive-synthesizing modelling in the railway transport ontological domain to form the structure and data of the railway train speed restriction warning tables (database and csv format), their transformation into a common tabular format, vocabulary, rules and ontology individuals, as well as ontology population. Ontology learning methods have been developed to integrate data from heterogeneous sources. Practical value. The developed methods make it possible to integrate heterogeneous data sources (the structure of the table of the railway train management rules, the form and application for issuing a warning), which are railway domain-specific. It allows forming an ontology from its data sources (database and csv formats) to schema and individuals. Integration and consistency of information system data and regulatory documentation is one of the aspects of increasing the level of train traffic safety.
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ZHDANOVICH, Cheslav I., and Nikita V. KALININ. "REALIZATION OF TRACTION CAPABILITIES OF A TRACTOR WITH AN ELECTROMECHANICAL POWER TRAIN." Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 1, no. 54 (March 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2020-1-54-5-14.
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A method has been developed to assess the traction capabilities of a tractor with an electromechanical power train and determine the actual speed taking into account three restrictions: on the permissible slip of the tractor, the maximum power of the used internal combustion engine (ICE) and the permissible mode of operation of the traction induction motor (TIM). The developed mathematical model makes it possible to determine the drawbar pull and the actual speed of the tractor when regulating the TIM in the entire operating frequency range of the voltage supplied to the TIM for a comparative assessment of the traction capabilities of the tractor when using different gear ratios of the mechanical part of the power train (MPPT), as well as determine the slip and other parameters of the TIM when it works as a part of the electromechanical power train of the tractor. Calculations show that: 1) if the MPPT ratio is too high, the whole range of tractor operating speeds on the plowing will not be provided, and if the MPPT ratio is too low, the tractor will not be able to develop the maximum possible drawbar pull based on the permissible slip at any voltage frequency from the TIM control range without exceeding the nominal mode of operation of the TIM; 2) the higher the TIM gear ratio, the larger the section of the TIM frequency control range will be, in which the TIM will not be able to develop even the nominal slip due to the restriction on the permissible slip of the tractor, and for the same frequencies in this section, the TIM slip will be more limited at a higher MPPT gear ratio; the lower the transmission ratio of the MPPT, the more the nominal slip of the TIM will be exceeded during acceleration of the tractor with maintaining the maximum possible based on the permissible slip of the thrust force from the minimum speed to the speeds corresponding to plowing.
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Alnuman, Hammad, Daniel Gladwin, and Martin Foster. "Electrical Modelling of a DC Railway System with Multiple Trains." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 19, 2018): 3211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113211.
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Electrical modelling of rail tracks with multiple running trains is complex due to the difficulties in solving the power flow. The train positions, speed and acceleration are constantly varying resulting in a nonlinear system. In this work, a method is proposed for modelling DC electric railways to support power flow analysis of a simulated metro train service. The method exploits the MathWorks simulation tool Simscape, using it to model the mechanical and electrical characteristics of the rail track system. The model can be simulated to provide voltages at any position in the track and additionally, the voltages seen by any train. The model includes regenerative braking on trains, this is demonstrated to cause overvoltage in the feeding line if it is higher than the power demand of the other trains at that time. Braking resistors are used to protect the network from overvoltage by burning the excess energy. Through the implementation of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), it will be possible to improve the energy efficiency and remove timetabling restrictions of electric railways by effectively controlling the rail track voltage. The paper proposes several methods to validate the model.
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Fu, Huiling, Benjamin R. Sperry, and Lei Nie. "Operational Impacts of Using Restricted Passenger Flow Assignment in High-Speed Train Stop Scheduling Problem." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/902562.
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One key decision basis to the train stop scheduling process is the passenger flow assignment, that is, the estimated passengers’ travel path choices from origins to destinations. Many existing assignment approaches are stochastic in nature, which causes unbalanced problems such as low efficiency in train capacity occupancy or an irrational distribution of transfer passengers among stations. The purpose of this paper is to propose a train stop scheduling approach. It combines a passenger flow assignment procedure that routes passenger travel paths freely within a train network and is particularly capable of incorporating additional restrictions on generating travel paths that better resemble the rail planner’s purpose of utilizing capacity resources by introducing four criteria to define the feasibility of travel path used by a traveler. Our approach also aims at ensuring connectivity and rapidity, the two essential characteristics of train service increasingly required by modern high-speed rails. The effectiveness of our approach is tested using the Chinese high-speed rail network as a real-world example. It works well in finding a train stop schedule of good quality whose operational indicators dominate those of an existing stochastic approach. The paper concludes with a comprehensive operational impact analysis, further demonstrating the value of our proposed approach.
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Hong, Sunguk, Cheoljeong Park, and Seongjin Cho. "A Rail-Temperature-Prediction Model Based on Machine Learning: Warning of Train-Speed Restrictions Using Weather Forecasting." Sensors 21, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 4606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134606.
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Predicting the rail temperature of a railway system is important for establishing a rail management plan against railway derailment caused by orbital buckling. The rail temperature, which is directly responsible for track buckling, is closely related to air temperature, which continuously increases due to global warming effects. Moreover, railway systems are increasingly installed with continuous welded rails (CWRs) to reduce train vibration and noise. Unfortunately, CWRs are prone to buckling. This study develops a reliable and highly accurate novel model that can predict rail temperature using a machine learning method. To predict rail temperature over the entire network with high-prediction performance, the weather effect and solar effect features are used. These features originate from the analysis of the thermal environment around the rail. Precisely, the presented model has a higher performance for predicting high rail temperature than other models. As a convenient structural health-monitoring application, the train-speed-limit alarm-map (TSLAM) was also proposed, which visually maps the predicted rail-temperature deviations over the entire network for railway safety officers. Combined with TSLAM, our rail-temperature prediction model is expected to improve track safety and train timeliness.
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Lesov, Altynbek, and Valeriy Ivaschenko. "Optimization of Train Speed Profile for Minimum Energy Consumption on the Basis of Uzbekistan Railway." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2022-1-68-79.
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Objective: Analysis of existing methods for finding optimal modes of driving electric locomotives on the Pap — Kokand — Andijan section, which is part of the Uzbek Railways landfill, in order to minimize the electrical energy used for traction, taking into account such restrictions as the travel time on the stretch, the maximum permissible driving speeds, available traction power, etc. Methods: The method of selecting the train motion curve provides for three approaches to solving the problem and takes into account two tasks for solving the equation of train motion. Results: Compared with the data obtained from the service of the “Locomotive Operation Management” of Uzbek Railways, the results show that energy efficiency ranges from 4 to 30 %. The resulting maintenance regime is qualitatively different from the regime maps currently used on the Pap-Kokand-Andijan section for energy-optimal train management. Practical importance: The described calculation method using three approaches to solving the task makes it possible to simplify significantly and speed up traction calculations, ensure high accuracy of the results and present them in a convenient and visual form.
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Li, Jian, Boliang Lin, Zhongkai Wang, Lei Chen, and Jiaxi Wang. "A Pragmatic Optimization Method for Motor Train Set Assignment and Maintenance Scheduling Problem." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4540503.
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With the rapid development of high-speed railway in China, the problem of motor train set assignment and maintenance scheduling is becoming more and more important for transportation organization. This paper focuses on considering the special maintenance items of motor train set and mainly meets the two maintenance cycle limits on aspects of mileage and time for each item. And then, a 0-1 integer programming model for motor train set assignment and maintenance scheduling is proposed, which aims at maximizing the accumulated mileage before each maintenance and minimizing the number of motor train sets. Restrictions of the model include the matching relation between motor train sets and routes as well as that between motor train sets and maintenance items and maintenance capacity of motor train set depot. A heuristic solution strategy based on particle swarm optimization is also proposed to solve the model. In the end, a case study is designed based on the background of Beijing south depot in China, and the result indicates that the model and algorithm proposed in this paper could solve the problem of motor train set assignment and maintenance scheduling effectively.
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Ricardianto, Prasadja, Eko Purnomo, Erna Widodo, and Masjraul Hidayat. "ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CAUSING JABODETABEK COMMUTER TRAIN DELAY." Journal of Economics, Management, Entrepreneurship, and Business (JEMEB) 1, no. 2 (November 26, 2021): 170–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.52909/jemeb.v1i2.47.
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The goal to be achieved through this research is to identify the factors that cause delays in the commuter train journey across Bogor-Manggarai Jakarta. The research question is why there is a delay in the journey of the Jakarta Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi Commuter Train crossing Bogor-Manggarai. This study uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process to analyze timeliness. With the number of informants taken as many as 12 informants consisting of five people from regulators, five people from operators, one expert in the field of railways and users of commuter train of Jakarta Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi. From the measurement results, it was found that the Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi Commuter Train was still experiencing delays, due to follow-ups and cross-changes in the operation pattern of the Jakarta Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi Commuter Train which was still mixed with long-distance and freight trains, the construction of the Manggarai station as part of the Double Double Track project, the signaling system at the station. Manggarai also underwent changes and there were speed restrictions at Manggarai Station. Recommendations are to complete the construction of the Manggarai and Jatinegara stations which are useful for separating inter-city and urban rail travel, updating the signaling system on the crossing between Bogor Station-Manggarai Station and City Station which is now 30 years old, handling and improving level crossings with coordinate with related units.
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Aflatooni, Mehran, Tommy H. T. Chan, and David P. Thambiratnam. "A new look at the restrictions on the speed and magnitude of train loads for bridge management." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 53, no. 1 (January 10, 2015): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2015.53.1.089.
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Hou, Zhiqiang, Lena Jingen Liang, Bo Meng, and HwanSuk Chris Choi. "The Role of Perceived Quality on High-Speed Railway Tourists’ Behavioral Intention: An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 10, 2021): 12386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212386.
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Since the COVID-19 pandemic, airlines worldwide have enforced strict travel restrictions, driving passengers to seek alternative transportations such as High-Speed Railway (HSR). Nevertheless, the current understanding of HSR travelers’ behavior is scarce. Moreover, despite the extensive application of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explain and predict patrons and tourists’ behavior in the tourism and hospitality context, little research has employed this theory to examine HSR travelers’ processes in making travelling decisions. This study developed a research model by integrating perceived quality into the TPB and examined the relation between HSR passengers’ service quality and intention to travel in the future and the mediating effect of TPB attributes. It is found that perceived train service quality and perceived travel quality have a significant influence on the TPB attributes, which further influence HSR travelers’ travel intention. This study contributes practical implications to destinations and the travel industry that they might attract visitors by marketing the corresponding HSR train service quality and travel experience quality. This also provides recovery guidelines for the transportation and travel industry after the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Pucci, Paola. ""Megastrutture": geografie localizzative e forme in evoluzione." TERRITORIO, no. 48 (May 2009): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2009-048007.
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- High land use megastructures are specialist places, enclosed and/or built-on with highly specific functions. However, they can also be public spaces, a sequence of places used for a wide variety of purposes. The suffix ‘mega' is a good introduction to the complex nature of these multifunctional and multimodal phenomena. Their design requires an effective combination of planning restrictions and land use with measures to improve the context in which they are set. The article discusses a densification programme for the area around the new Mediopadana high-speed train station in Reggio Emilia and the need to ensure its flexibility, multifunctionality and generalised interconnection.
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Zhelieznov, Konstantyn I., Artem S. Akulov, Oleksandr M. Zabolotniy, Lyudmila V. Ursulyak, Evgenij V. Chabanuk, Angela O. Shvets, Valeriy G. Kuznetsov, and Anatolii V. Radkevych. "The revised method for calculating of the optimal train control mode." Archives of Transport 51, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6160.
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Development of a method for calculating the optimal mode of conducting a train in terms of energy saving meet the safety requirements and schedules. The method of calculation must solve the assigned tasks without significant time spent on the calculation. To implement this method of calculation was used a simplified model of the train as a controlled system. The existing mathematical and algorithmic methods for solving isoperimetric problems of finding the optimal solution in the presence of restrictions on resources were the information base for methodology development. Scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, professional periodicals, materials of scientific and practical conferences, methodical and normative materials, currently in force on Ukrainian Railways. The results of these studies were used to create simulators on the basis of computer technology for the training of locomotive drivers. The scientific novelty of the proposed calculation method consists in applying the simplified calculations of the status of the train as a controlled system, without the use of differential equations of motion that allows to significantly increase the speed of the calculations. This, in turn, will solve the problems of finding optimal control in real time, taking into account changing conditions during the movement of the train. The practical significance of the obtained results is the use of such a calculation method that does not require significant time for its implementation and can be used as a subsystem of the on-board train control system capable of per-forming calculations taking into account changes in the current train situation.
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Simson, Scott A., Luis Ferreira, and Martin H. Murray. "Rail Track Maintenance Planning: An Assessment Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1713, no. 1 (January 2000): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1713-05.
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In Australian rail freight operations, railway track maintenance makes up between 25 and 35 percent of total train operating costs. Models have shown that track maintenance costs can be reduced by 5 to 10 percent through improved planning. The Track Maintenance Planning Model (TMPM) has been developed to deal with the track maintenance planning function in the medium to long term. In contrast to traditional models, which mainly use expert systems, TMPM simulates the impacts of railway track conditions and related maintenance work by using an existing track degradation model. Track condition data from that model are used to determine whether safety-related speed restrictions are needed and what immediate maintenance work may be required for safe train operation. TMPM outputs the net present value of the financial benefits of undertaking a given maintenance strategy compared with a base-case maintenance scenario. This approach has an advantage over current models in investigating what-if scenarios. The track engineer can assess the possible benefits of reduced operating costs from upgrading track infrastructure or from improving maintenance equipment. Track maintenance and train operating costs also can be simulated over time. The results of applying the model to a test track section using several different maintenance strategies are presented.
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LIN, CHIN-TENG, MING-CHIH KAN, and I.-FANG CHUNG. "A NEURAL NETWORK THAT LEARNS FROM FUZZY DATA FOR LANGUAGE ACQUISITION." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 04, no. 06 (December 1996): 581–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488596000330.
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This paper proposes a four-layered fuzzy language acquisition network (FLAN) for acquiring fuzzy language. It can catch the intended information from a sentence (command) spoken in natural language with fuzzy terms. The intended information includes a meaningful semantic action and the fuzzy linguistic information of that action (for example, the phrase “move forward” represents the meaningful semantic action and the phrase “very high speed” represents the linguistic information in the fuzzy command “Move forward in a very high speed.”). The proposed FLAN has two important features. First, we can make no restrictions whatever on the fuzzy language input which is used to specify the desired information, and the network requires no acoustic, prosodic, grammar and syntactic structure. Second, the linguistic information of an action is learned automatically and it is represented by fuzzy numbers based on α-level sets. A supervised learning scheme is proposed to train the FLAN on fuzzy training data. This learning scheme consists of the mutual-information (MI) supervised learning algorithm for learning meaningful semantic actions, and the fuzzy backpropagation (FBP) learning algorithm for learning linguistic information. An experimental system is constructed to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed FLAN.
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Darmawan, Arief, and Fathurozzi Winjaya. "Anti-Collision Device (ACD) Electric Diesel Locomotive CC201 Series With Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) Induction." Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia 2, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v2i2.51.
Full textAbstract:
Railroad transportation has characteristics in the pattern of operation that a block block is only allowed to be passed by a train facility whose safety is guaranteed by the railroad signaling system. The existing signaling system in Indonesia currently uses a wayide signal aspect indicator and has not been equipped with a warning and protection system against violations of the unsafe signal aspect / SPAD (Signal Pass At Danger) or speed limit violations. To improve travel safety absolutely requires warning equipment for drivers about violations of signal aspects and violations of speed restrictions. This study discusses the calculation of the braking profile on the CC201 series electric locomotive and the Anti-Collition Device (ACD) prototype design using the Audio Frequency (AF) induction system using Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) coding as well as the Atmel AT89S52 type Microcontroller control system. Based on the analysis of the braking distance at a speed of 120 Km / h using the minden method, the AF sensor is installed at a distance of 1,168.79 meters before the incoming signal. Based on the measurement results of the signal intensity received by the DTMF locomotive sensor, the biggest signal is at the gap gap between the AF sensors with a distance of 80 mm, while for the lowest reading level at a distance of 120mm.
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Borodin, A. F., V. V. Panin, M. A. Ageeva, A. Yu Sokolov, S. Yu Kirillova, E. O. Dmitriev, and A. A. Kravchenko. "Assessment of transportation capacity balance of railway network polygons." Russian Railway Science 81, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 158–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2022-81-2-158-169.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Traffic and transportation capacities of railway polygons and traffic flows are not constant throughout the year. Permissible capacity levels are determined by the condition of unhindered reception of trains by stations. It is necessary to calculate the balance of transportation capacity, making it possible to combine growing traffic with high rates with infrastructure development and repair works. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological solutions for assessing the balance of the railway transportation capacity and substantiating the procedure for implementing infrastructure measures in the context of the growing dynamics of the originating traffic and the tight deadlines for repairing and reconstructing the infrastructure.Materials and methods. The developed solutions are based on the data of the Russian Railways information systems, automated forecasting of the infrastructure and transportation resources of the railway network, and hybrid mathematical models.Results. The article presented the results of the substantiation of the normative restrictions on the daily time budget for the passage of trains, depending on the classification and specialisation of railway lines. The procedure for calculating the traffic capacity of sections with automatic locomotive signalling is determined as an independent means of interval control of train traffic with movable boundaries of block sections that change depending on the speed and mass of the train. The characteristics of the available, estimated, planned and required traffic and transportation capacities were determined with a distinction between measures for the development of traffic and transportation capacities and programs for improvement of infrastructure facilities. The authors put forward the problem of compromise management to ensure the required volumes of freight and passenger traffic, a given volume of reconstruction work on the development of infrastructure and repair work to maintain the required degree of its readiness. A classification of reconstructive, technological, organisational, technical and complex measures of influence on the unevenness of transport processes in the conditions of depletion of infrastructure and scheduling resources was presented.Discussion and conclusion. The developed solutions enable to increase the feasibility and efficiency of complex projects for the development of traffic and transportation capacities and measures to improve the operation of railway network polygons.
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Brabie, D., and E. Andersson. "On minimizing derailment risks and consequences for passenger trains at higher speeds." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 223, no. 6 (June 17, 2009): 543–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt271.
Full textAbstract:
The first part of this article deals with the possibility of preventing wheel climbing derailments after an axle journal failure by implementing mechanical restrictions between the wheelsets and the bogie. A multi-body system (MBS) computer model is developed to account for such an axle failure condition, which is successfully validated by comparing the pre-derailment sequence of events with two authentic cases. An extensive parameter analysis on the maximum vertical and longitudinal play between the wheelset and the bogie, required to prevent a high-speed power or trailer car to derail, is performed for various combinations of running conditions in curves. Once an actual derailment has occurred on conventional passenger trains at 200 km/h, extensive MBS simulations are performed on the feasibility of utilizing alternative substitute guidance mechanisms, such as low-reaching parts of bogie frame, axle box, or brake disc, as means of minimizing the lateral deviation. Results are presented in terms of geometrical parameters that lead to a successful engagement with the rail for a total of 12 different derailment scenarios. These are caused by an axle journal failure, an impact with a small object on the track, or a high rail failure. Minimizing the lateral deviation is also investigated by means of restraining the maximum coupler yaw angle and altering the bogie yaw stiffness. Time-domain simulations are also performed in terms of lateral track forces and derailment ratio when negotiating a tight horizontal ‘ S-curve’. Further, the articulated train concept is investigated in terms of the post-derailment vehicle behaviour after derailments on tangent and curved track at a speed of 200 km/h. In this respect, a trainset consisting of one power car and four articulated passenger trailer cars is modelled in the MBS software. Results in terms of lateral deviation and maximum carbody roll angle are presented as a function of different inter-carbody damper characteristics and running gear features. The feasibility of these damper characteristics is also tested in terms of lateral track forces and derailment ratio when negotiating a tight horizontal S-curve.
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Shynkarenko, Viktor, Larysa Zhuchyi, and Oleksandr Ivanov. "Ontology-Based Semantic Checking of Data in Railway Infrastructure Information Systems." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 47, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 291–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fcds-2022-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Semantic checking of railway infrastructure information support data is one of the ways to improve the consistency of information system data and, as a result, increase the safety of train traffic. Existing ontological developments have demonstrated the applicability of description logic for modelling railway transport, but have not paid enough attention to the data resources structure and the railway regulatory support. In this work, the formalization of the tabular presentation of data and the rules of railway transport regulations is carried out using the example of a connection track passport and temporary speed restrictions using ontological means, data wrangling and extraction tools. Ontologies of the various formats data resources and railway station infrastructure, tools for converting and extracting data have been developed. The semantic checking of the compliance of railway information system data with regulatory documents in terms of the connection track passport is carried out on the basis of a multi-level concretization model and integration of ontologies. The mechanisms for implementing the constituent ontologies and their integration are demonstrated by an example. Further research includes ontological checking of natural language normative documents of railway transport.
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Guo, Ce, Pengming Zhu, Zhiqian Zhou, Lin Lang, Zhiwen Zeng, and Huimin Lu. "Imitation Learning with Graph Neural Networks for Improving Swarm Robustness under Restricted Communications." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 28, 2021): 9055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199055.
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This paper focuses on generating distributed flocking strategies via imitation learning. The primary motivation is to improve the swarm robustness and achieve better consistency while respecting the communication constraints. This paper first proposes a quantitative metric of swarm robustness based on entropy evaluation. Then, the graph importance consistency is also proposed, which is one of the critical goals of the flocking task. Moreover, the importance-correlated directed graph convolutional networks (IDGCNs) are constructed for multidimensional feature extraction and structure-related aggregation of graph data. Next, by employing IDGCNs-based imitation learning, a distributed and scalable flocking strategy is obtained, and its performance is very close to the centralized strategy template while considering communication constraints. To speed up and simplify the training process, we train the flocking strategy with a small number of agents and set restrictions on communication. Finally, various simulation experiments are executed to verify the advantages of the obtained strategy in terms of realizing the swarm consistency and improving the swarm robustness. The results also show that the performance is well maintained while the scale of agents expands (tested with 20, 30, 40 robots).
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Chen, Yingju, and Jeongkyu Lee. "A Review of Machine-Vision-Based Analysis of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy Video." Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy 2012 (November 13, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/418037.
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Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) enables a physician to diagnose a patient's digestive system without surgical procedures. However, it takes 1-2 hours for a gastroenterologist to examine the video. To speed up the review process, a number of analysis techniques based on machine vision have been proposed by computer science researchers. In order to train a machine to understand the semantics of an image, the image contents need to be translated into numerical form first. The numerical form of the image is known as image abstraction. The process of selecting relevant image features is often determined by the modality of medical images and the nature of the diagnoses. For example, there are radiographic projection-based images (e.g., X-rays and PET scans), tomography-based images (e.g., MRT and CT scans), and photography-based images (e.g., endoscopy, dermatology, and microscopic histology). Each modality imposes unique image-dependent restrictions for automatic and medically meaningful image abstraction processes. In this paper, we review the current development of machine-vision-based analysis of WCE video, focusing on the research that identifies specific gastrointestinal (GI) pathology and methods of shot boundary detection.
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Wang, Li, Wenting Mo, Yong Qin, Fei Dou, and Limin Jia. "Optimization Based High-Speed Railway Train Rescheduling with Speed Restriction." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/934369.
Full textAbstract:
A decision support framework with four components is proposed for high-speed railway timetable rescheduling in case of speed restriction. The first module provides the speed restriction information. The capacity evaluation module is used to evaluate whether the capacity can fulfill the demand before rescheduling timetable based on deduction factor method. The bilayer rescheduling module is the key of the decision support framework. In the bilayer rescheduling module, the upper-layer objective is to make an optimal rerouting plan with selected rerouting actions. Given a specific rerouting plan, the lower-layer focuses on minimizing the total delay as well as the number of seriously impacted trains. The result assessment module is designed to invoke the rescheduling model iteratively with different settings. There are three prominent features of the framework, such as realized interaction with dispatchers, emphasized passengers’ satisfaction, and reduced computation complexity with a bilayer modeling approach. The proposed rescheduling model is simulated on the busiest part of Beijing to Shanghai high-speed railway in China. The case study shows the significance of rerouting strategy and utilization of the railway network capacity in case of speed restriction.
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Long, Sihui, Lingyun Meng, Yihui Wang, Jianrui Miao, and Xuan Li. "A Discrete-Space Train Movement Model for a High-Speed Train under Temporary Speed Restriction." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (May 19, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5386406.
Full textAbstract:
This paper constructs a discrete-space train movement model to evaluate the impact of a temporary speed restriction (TSR) for a high-speed railway train. The established model can demonstrate train movement under different TSR conditions. The proposed model can reveal whether a train is affected by the block section influenced by the TSR within a time duration. Moreover, the model can output detailed train trajectories and the minimal train running time between two adjacent stations to analyse the impact of the TSR. Based on the experimental results, we carry out a comprehensive analysis of the impact of several factors on the running time and train trajectories, including the length of the affected area (i.e., number of affected block sections), the location of the TSR, the limited speed value, and the stopping patterns of the train at two adjacent stations. The experiments show that the proposed discrete-space train movement model can be used to analyse the impact of the TSR on a high-speed railway train under various considered TSR conditions.
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Yang, Ying, Jiangmin Deng, Laisheng Tong, Xiaoсhun Li, Qibiao Peng, and Wenhui Zhang. "Study on the optimization of linear induction motor traction system for fast-speed maglev train." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 suppl. 1 (November 19, 2018): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201843s1156-164.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The short stator linear induction motor (LIM) is normally used in medium-low speed maglev train.
The restriction by mounting space on bogie and motor input voltage from the third power supply rail lead that the maximum speed of medium-low speed maglev train can reach no more than 120 km/h.
Aim: In this paper, by means of the LIM design optimization, improvement of the LIM force characteristic in high speed range, the maximum speed of medium-low speed maglev train can reach 160 km/h.
Methods: After comparing the LIM theoretical calculation and actual test data, it shows that the new designed LIM is effective.
Conclusion: Afterwards, by installing the new designed LIMs, the traditional medium-low speed maglev train becomes a fast-speed maglev train, and it has a bright future in transportation applications.
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Ivanov, Viktor, Svitlana Ivanova, Georgi Tonkov, and Galyna Urum. "Perspective directions of mechanical power transmission research." MATEC Web of Conferences 366 (2022): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202236601005.
Full textAbstract:
A lot of publications are devoted to the study of gear transmission, which cover all the features of their design, operation and repair. An in-depth analysis of factors that were not taken into account a decade ago was carried out. The efficiency of the drive, taking into account air resistance, and the stress-strain state of the tooth, taking into account centrifugal deformations, were determined. Thus, there are constant complication of the tasks that researchers set themselves. At the same time, recent achievements in the natural sciences have led to a narrowing of the field of use of gears. Thus, the electric motor replaced the internal combustion engine, which was an important object of research for mechanical engineers. The widespread use DC motors with speed control has led to the abandonment of gearboxes in electric vehicles and metalworking machines. Application of mechanical gears in devices. starting with ordinary watches, and ending with the mechanisms of computer disk drives, is a thing of the past. Further in-depth studies of gears, in some cases, don’t make sense, since the object of research disappears. It is important to identify areas of research that remain relevant in the 21st century. First of all, these are transmission studies that use the latest achievements in other areas of science. These include: the use of new materials in gears; use of new forms of tooth profiles and longitudinal forms of the tooth, without technological restrictions; analysis of the operation of the gear drive based on indirect indicators - the spectrum of noise and thermal fields of housings. Also, the study of gears in which the tooth is a working body, such as chain conveyors and pumps, will never lose relevance. Or, in which the gear train combines a number of functions, for example, the worm gears of elevators, which reduce the angular velocity and serve as a fuse.
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Mohammed Ahsan, Hasib. "Key Safety Approaches in Bangladesh Railway." Journal of Engineering Science 12, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jes.v12i1.53102.
Full textAbstract:
Bangladesh Railways (BR) is an integral part of the country's transportation system since the British era. At present it covers a length of 2,877 route kilometres. Train accident data collected from BR revealed that train accidents reduced from 590 per year for 2001-10, to 250 per year for 2010-2015 and to 166 for 2015-16. Data also shows that derailments are the major concern in railway safety. Mixed railway gauges, rail weight, battered and damaged rails, low sleeper density and damaged sleepers, lack of maintenance of fittings and fastenings, and inadequate amount of ballasts are the main reasons for such derailments. So as a safety approach against derailments BR has taken rail track rehabilitation projects as well as speed restriction programs. 2015-16 data showed benefit of such restriction program. A speed map is prepared according to the speed restriction program and speed capacity of different sections of the railway network.
Journal of Engineering Science 12(1), 2021, 57-62
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Hamarat, Mehmet, Sakdirat Kaewunruen, Mayorkinos Papaelias, and Mika Silvast. "New Insights from Multibody Dynamic Analyses of a Turnout System under Impact Loads." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (September 30, 2019): 4080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194080.
Full textAbstract:
A railway turnout is an essential infrastructure for managing railway traffic flexibility. In contrast, it imposes restrictions on train operations such as lower operational speeds through the turnout due to the complex movements of trains over the turnout. This results in the large-amplitude dynamic responses of the train-turnout interaction. Previous studies have focused on the train-turnout interactions entailing the wheel-rail contact forces and stresses. Very few of the studies considered the effects of the contact forces on the turnout structure and its components such as sleepers and bearers. Those previous studies neglected the dynamic forces and estimated the behavior of train-turnout interactions based on quasi-static calculations. In reality, turnouts are subjected to high impact forces, which can be higher than the permissible track forces. Consequently, a numerical model capable of determining impact forces was developed here, to evaluate the dynamic behaviors of a railway turnout and their effects on such turnout components as bearers, ballast, and so on. The model consists of a structured beam grillage laying on an elastic foundation with rigid wheelsets and a bogie. The model was verified by field measurements. The new insight stemmed from this study shows that neglecting the contribution of dynamic forces can result in the unsafe underestimation of train turnout behaviors.
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V, Poliakov, Yaschenko D, and Sharai S. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE CHOICE OF MOBILE COMPOSITION IN THE BRT SYSTEM." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 48 (2021): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-1-48-257-269.
Full textAbstract:
In article the question at the choice of the rolling stock of passenger motor transport in the BRT system which provides movements of buses on specially allocated and often obgorodzheny strips, that is its full isolation on the road from other means of transport is considered. For increase in passenger capacity in the BRT system use three-link buses and trolleybuses. Along with indisputable advantages of three-link buses and trolleybuses also shortcomings - the worst maneuverability and stability of the movement in comparison with two-link are inherent in them. Besides, the efficiency of operation of such cars is provided with a passenger traffic which during the day can change many times. Therefore the road train as a part of two (or three) the buses or trolleybuses working in connection, і which passenger capacity similar to the jointed buses and trolleybuses can become perspective. In rush hours the bus train, and in interpeak the period - each bus separately works (the possible parking of one bus at allocated to the platform). In view of restriction of the maximum length of the bus train at the level of 24.26 m, as buses as making road trains, we will accept the 8th meter buses MAZ 206. Passenger capacity of such bus is 72 passenger, the power of the traction engine - 160 kW. The expediency of use of three-link hook-on road train is proved by the conducted researches that MAZ 206 with a total length up to 26 m and with a passenger capacity up to 220 passengers in the BRT system consists of three same buses. It is shown that the total power of engines is necessary for the movement of such bus train with a speed of 25 m/s has to make 300 kW while for one bus at the movement with the same speed it has to be at the level of 135 kW. It demonstrates about economic feasibility of use of the bus train from three buses working in connection because for their movement in all range of speeds there is enough power of two engines, that is one of buses can be used as the passive trailer that will lead to improvement of fuel profitability of the bus train. It is established that on maneuverability indicators three links the hook-on road train considerably exceeds three links pivotally - the jointed bus. So, the dimensional lane of the hook-on bus train at execution of the most typical maneuvers by it during the work on a city route does not exceed 3.9 and 4.1 m at turns respectively on 900 and 1800 that it is much less, than for three links pivotally the jointed bus 24 m long respectively of 6.8 and 8.2 m. KEYWORDS: THREE-UNIT THE ROAD TRAIN, THE BUS, PIVOTALLY-THE JOINTED BUS, THE BRT SYSTEM, POWER, MANEUVERABILITY, A TRAJECTORY, OVERALL STRIP
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V, Poliakov, Yaschenko D, and Sharai S. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE CHOICE OF MOBILE COMPOSITION IN THE BRT SYSTEM." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 48 (2021): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-1-48-257-269.
Full textAbstract:
In article the question at the choice of the rolling stock of passenger motor transport in the BRT system which provides movements of buses on specially allocated and often obgorodzheny strips, that is its full isolation on the road from other means of transport is considered. For increase in passenger capacity in the BRT system use three-link buses and trolleybuses. Along with indisputable advantages of three-link buses and trolleybuses also shortcomings - the worst maneuverability and stability of the movement in comparison with two-link are inherent in them. Besides, the efficiency of operation of such cars is provided with a passenger traffic which during the day can change many times. Therefore the road train as a part of two (or three) the buses or trolleybuses working in connection, і which passenger capacity similar to the jointed buses and trolleybuses can become perspective. In rush hours the bus train, and in interpeak the period - each bus separately works (the possible parking of one bus at allocated to the platform). In view of restriction of the maximum length of the bus train at the level of 24.26 m, as buses as making road trains, we will accept the 8th meter buses MAZ 206. Passenger capacity of such bus is 72 passenger, the power of the traction engine - 160 kW. The expediency of use of three-link hook-on road train is proved by the conducted researches that MAZ 206 with a total length up to 26 m and with a passenger capacity up to 220 passengers in the BRT system consists of three same buses. It is shown that the total power of engines is necessary for the movement of such bus train with a speed of 25 m/s has to make 300 kW while for one bus at the movement with the same speed it has to be at the level of 135 kW. It demonstrates about economic feasibility of use of the bus train from three buses working in connection because for their movement in all range of speeds there is enough power of two engines, that is one of buses can be used as the passive trailer that will lead to improvement of fuel profitability of the bus train. It is established that on maneuverability indicators three links the hook-on road train considerably exceeds three links pivotally - the jointed bus. So, the dimensional lane of the hook-on bus train at execution of the most typical maneuvers by it during the work on a city route does not exceed 3.9 and 4.1 m at turns respectively on 900 and 1800 that it is much less, than for three links pivotally the jointed bus 24 m long respectively of 6.8 and 8.2 m. KEYWORDS: THREE-UNIT THE ROAD TRAIN, THE BUS, PIVOTALLY-THE JOINTED BUS, THE BRT SYSTEM, POWER, MANEUVERABILITY, A TRAJECTORY, OVERALL STRIP
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Chen, RuiLin, QingYuan Zeng, XinGu Zhong, Jun Xiang, XiaoGang Guo, and Gang Zhao. "Numerical study on the restriction speed of train passing curved rail in cross wind." Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences 52, no. 7 (June 9, 2009): 2037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11431-009-0202-5.
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Uzuka, Tetsuo, and Eisuke Masada. "High Speed Rail Awaits the next Breakthrough of Power Semiconductors." Materials Science Forum 778-780 (February 2014): 1071–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.778-780.1071.
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High Speed Rail (HSR) is expanding rapidly in the whole world in this decade. Almost all the high-speed trains are fed by high-voltage AC and are equipped with several large motors. In addition, High-speed trains have a strict restriction for both mass and size. Thus, HSR needs power semiconductors that can handle high-voltage and giant current. In addition, EMC problems become larger in these days, thus higher speed of switching is expected. From simple silicon diodes in 1960s, thyristors, GTO thyristors, IGBTs and until new wide gap devices such like SiC, the progress of power semiconductor and cooling system directly pulls the performance of high-speed rolling stock. In some cases, fixed installations for HSR are equipped with flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) such as static VAR compensators (SVC), also.
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Seriani, Sebastian, Jose Miguel Barriga, Alvaro Peña, Alejandra Valencia, Vicente Aprigliano, Lorena Jorquera, Hernan Pinto, Matías Valenzuela, and Taku Fujiyama. "Analyzing the Effect of Crowds on Passenger Behavior Inside Urban Trains through Laboratory Experiments—A Pilot Study." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 10, 2022): 14882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214882.
Full textAbstract:
The objective is to study the distribution of passengers inside urban trains for different levels of crowding. The study is carried out through the observation of videos made by laboratory experiments in which a mock-up of a carriage represented the boarding and alighting process. The Fruin’s Level of Service (LOS) was adopted, but with a different approach, in which the train is divided into five zones (central hall, central aisle, side aisle, central seats and side seats). The experiments are based on the behavior of passengers in the London Underground; however, this study could be expanded to any conventional rail or LRT system. For the laboratory experiments, it is proposed to build a metro carriage and a corresponding platform section, and the scenarios will include different levels of crowding of passengers boarding and alighting to produce a variation in the density on the platform. According to the crowding level, the results allow obtaining the distribution and movements generated by passengers in the five zones for different instants of time during the process of boarding and alighting. It is observed that passengers are distributed according to safety and efficiency conditions. For example, passengers tried to avoid contact with each other unless it is inevitable. In relation to comfort, the seats of the carriage are always used even if there is a low level of crowding. If the crowding level increases, the boarding and alighting time go up. In addition, passengers will spend one or two seconds more if the “let’s get off before getting on the carriage” behavior is breached. This kind of experiment can be used in further research as a way to test “what-if” scenarios using this new method of discretization of the space inside the train, which cannot be tested in existing stations due to restrictions such as the weather, variability of the train frequency, current design of the trains, among others. New experiments are necessary for future research to include other types of passengers such as people with disabilities or reduced mobility.
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Mukha, A., D. Ustymenko, R. Krasnov, and Mohammad Al Said Ahmad. "THE RESULTS OF BENCH TESTS OF THE SLIDING CONTACT OF ELECTRIC TRANSPORT TO DETERMINE THE WEAR OF THE CONTACT WIRE." Electromechanical and energy saving systems 4, no. 56 (December 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30929/2072-2052.2021.4.56.47-55.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. Electric rolling stock of railways receives power from a 25 kV AC or 3 kV DC overhead contact network using a high-current sliding contact that transfers energy to locomotive or electric train, while the current can reach values of 2500 A. Of course, the reliability of this sliding contact determines the operational reliability of the unit. electric transport in general. The pantograph of an electric locomotive or electric train is equipped with a pantograph – a pantograph with contact strip, which should damage and wear it to a minimum when sliding along the contact wire. When introducing new materials for pantograph contact strip, they must pass tests, among which there are bench tests to determine the wear of the contact wire. The purpose of the research is to determine the possibility of using various types of linings on the electric rolling stock of railways, with the determination of the value of the wear of the contact wire and its comparison with the standard. Methodology. The main research method is an experiment on a test bench with control of the main indicators, which include – contact current, clamping force, speed of rotation of the disk of the test bench, temperature in the contact zone. The method of bench tests is standardized, in accordance with DSTU GOST 32680: 2016. Results. During the experiments on the test bench, six types of pantograph contact strips were investigated, and the indicators on the amount of contact wire wear were obtained. Determination of the wear of the contact wire is carried out as the difference between the heights of the contact wire before and after the experiment. The wear values of the contact wire were recorded every 10 thousand passes of the test bench disk. The obtained values of wear are stochastic probabilistic in nature, so they were processed by methods of mathematical statistics to determine the value of the mathematical expectation of the amount of wear of the contact wire. Based on the obtained values, the relationships between the amount of wear of the contact wire and the number of revolutions of the test disk of the stand are constructed. Originality. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the obtained relationships between the number of passes and contact wire wear for different types of samples of pantograph contact strips of electric rolling stock of railways, which allows to determine the contact wire resource when implementing different types of current collector inserts. Practical value. The main purpose of bench tests is to reproduce the conditions of actual operation with certain restrictions. Test specimens in bench tests were in the same conditions, so the obtained values of wear of the contact wire for different types of contact strips allow to estimate the possible service life of the sliding high-current contact in real operating conditions. The obtained values are relative, the first type of inserts is accepted as a base sample, which allows to determine the quantitative indicators of wear of contact strips in comparison with this reference sample. The normative value of contact wire wear is 40 μm per 10 thousand passes of the test bench disk. The tests are considered successful if the wear of the contact wire does not exceed the specified standard value. According to the test results, three samples of contact strips were identified, the use of which will not lead to wear of the contact wire above the normative value. Analytical expressions are obtained for three types of contact strips, with the help of which it is possible to obtain comparative values of resource indicators of sliding high-current contact. Figures 11, tables 2, references 13.
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Wang, Zheng, Jie Dou, and Susu Qi. "Application research of piston wind and vertical axis wind turbine in the subway tunnel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2418, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2418/1/012072.
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Abstract When the above-ground space is insufficient to meet the traffic demand of people, the advantages of underground rail transit are particularly prominent. It has the advantages of short distance, unobstructed and so on, so it is imperative to develop underground rail transit. When the subway train is running, it will push the air forward. Due to the restriction of the tunnel’s inner wall on the air, a large number of piston winds are formed. Piston wind is harmful to train running and tunnel fire, but its air volume and wind speed are considerable. The vertical axis wind turbine has the advantages of small size and high power generation efficiency. It can be embedded in the inner wall of the subway tunnel, and it will not increase the resistance of the train. It can supply power for small electrical equipment in the subway tunnel.
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TANIFUJI, Katsuya, Satoshi KIKKO, and Kei SAKANOUE. "Effect of the Restriction between Vehicles in a Train on Riding Comfort at High Speeds and Sharp Curving." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 72, no. 722 (2006): 3242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.72.3242.
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Lanis, Aleksey. "Results of modeling the behavior of the subgrade with pressure injection of solidifying solutions." MATEC Web of Conferences 239 (2018): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823905006.
Full textAbstract:
Further development of railway transport is possible through increasing the traffic intensity by increasing the weight and number of trains and their speed. The growth of defects and deformations of the subgrade is inevitable, and the issues related to the reinforcement of soils of the subgrade are relevant. Measures that result in reliable operation of railway infrastructure facilities can be implemented during major repairs or new construction, which requires traffic restriction and leads to additional economic costs. Thus, one of the priority issues is the development and implementation of ways to reinforce the subgrade of railways without traffic restriction. Such methods can include pressure injection, as well as various modifications of this method based on combining known methods of reinforcement and injection.
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KIKKO, Satoshi, Katsuya TANIFUJI, and Kei SAKANOUE. "528 Effect of the Restriction between Vehicles in a Train on Ride Quality at High Speeds and Sharp Curving." Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2005 (2005): _528–1_—_528–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2005._528-1_.
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Klimova, E. V., L. E. Pilipushka, and S. V. Anisimova. "Throughput capacity of a single-track stage when designing a double-track insert." Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, no. 2 (2022): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2022-2-74-84.
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At the present stage of development of the railway transport infrastructure, the construction of double-track inserts can be considered as the first stage of strengthening the throughput and carrying capacity before the construction of the second continuous main tracks. In this study, the regulatory documentation that establishes the procedure for calculating and analyzing the capacity of double-track crossings is analyzed, dependent, conditionally independent and unaccounted factors affecting the capacity are classified. As part of the implementation of the project for the development of the Eastern Polygon, a static analysis of the linear parameters of the spans on which double-track inserts are designed is presented. In case of a conditional railway stage with characteristics close to the existing ones, the influence of the average speed of trains on the stage on the available capacity was studied. Graphs of the dependence of these parameters are plotted, and the most probable loss of throughput is determined for different lengths of runs and a given length of a two-track insert. It is established that with decrease in the average speed of trains on the single-track part of the stage, for example, due to the current long-term speed restrictions, there is a sudden decrease in the available capacity, which ultimately leads to the need to design a double-track insert of a longer length and the increase in investment to the development of the stage throughput capacity.
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Tanifuji, Katsuya, Kei Sakanoue, and Satoshi Kikko. "Modelling of aerodynamic force acting on high speed train in tunnel and a measure to improve the riding comfort utilising restriction between cars." Vehicle System Dynamics 46, sup1 (September 2008): 1065–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00423110802158747.
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Wang, Shu Shu, Xiao Meng Shen, and Xiao Jian Tu. "A Novel Energy-Harvesting Active Radial Bogie for Railway Vehicles: Design, Simulation and HIL Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 733 (February 2015): 695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.733.695.
Full textAbstract:
With the increasing development of railway transportation, the wheel-rail wearing problem is becoming more and more serious while the increasing of both the operating speed and loading weight of railway vehicles. Active radial bogie is one of the hotspots for research in the area of decreasing the wheel-rail wearing issues. Meanwhile, the energy dissipation problem has been restricting its development. This paper puts forward a novel energy-harvesting active radial bogie for rail vehicles. Making use of the hydraulic electromagnetic energy-regenerative shock absorber, the vertical vibration energy could be harvested while train is traveling. Detailed study and evaluation for this active radial bogie will be presented. The tests and simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed bogie mechanism and control.