Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trains – Aérodynamique'
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Paradot, Nicolas. "Etude numérique et expérimentale de la résistance à l'avancement d'un train à grande vitesse." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2315.
Full textLorriaux, Etienne. "Etude de méthodes métaheuristiques appliquées à l'optimisation aérodynamique ferroviaire." Valenciennes, 2007. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ec593272-c953-4cfa-8769-3eb3b82c3fa7.
Full textImproving the quality of railway transport requires higher operational speeds with equivalent security and comfort levels. Under these conditions aerodynamic effects play an important role and can imply conflicting design constraints. This work lays the basis of a global optimization method. This work is based on numerical simulations of trains aerodynamics, demanding substantial computing resources. The complexity of the search space to be explored imposes the use of a flexible and highly efficient optimization process. The study concerns metaheuristic methods and particularly a genetic algorithm relying on a fully automatic process for the flow simulations. The hybrid method, consisting in using a local search method with the general algorithm, are advantageous but are difficult to set up. An original solution is proposed, consisting in incorporating the simplex method in the generation process of a genetic algorithm. This method, called Targeted Generation Simplex, combines the genetic algorithm advantages with the accuracy of the local search and does not need any transitions between each method. The Targeted Generation Simplex has been first validated on classical examples. Therefore, it has been applied to two dimensional profiles representative of railway shapes. Sensitivity with respect to the genetic algorithm characteristics and to the estimator has been studied. The method has been successfully applied to a three dimensional single objective application to demonstrate its feasibility
Saintagne, Thierry. "Etude des effets aérodynamiques liés au passage, avec ou sans croisement, de trains dans un tunnel." Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0090.
Full textRapid pressure fluctuations generated inside tunnels when high speed trains pass through, may cause problems both for passengers comfort and for train structure's fatigue. In this study, first we propose to modelize aerodynamics phenomena related to movements of trains in tunnel with or without crossing. Based on this model, a program, that computes the evolution of aerodynamic parameters outside and inside of the coaches through a unidimensional or bidimensional calculation, has been developed. The validation of the theoretical analysis and of the software is then validated using experimental results obtained in different tunnels. Lastly, a parametric study is carried out in order to determine the influence of certain parameters such as train speed, tunnel geometry or equivalent leaking surface of t he coaches, specially on passengers comfort
Letourneaux, Fabien. "Comportement vibroacoustique de systèmes de grandes dimensions excités par des sources aéroacoustiques : application aux Trains Grandes Vitesses." Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0112.
Full textThe noise transmission through moving structures is of high interest in transport industries which have to conform more and more severe acoustic standards. Development of researches on acoustic behaviour of large and complex structures moving in a light fluid becomes then very topical. Our work concerns especially low frequency range and high speeds where loadings are mainly due to aeroacoustic sources. The purpose is to propound for this kind of problems a new approach, based on the understanding of the principal physical phenomena producing high internal sound levels and which places as an alternative of discretization methods for preliminary draft studies. We carry out a simplified method combining theoretical and experimental aspects: Being supported on experimental knowledge in order to decrease the complexity level of the system, our model lies on an analytical modal description associated with a RAYLEIGH-RITZ technique. First developed in the case of general thin heterogeneous structures, the model is then written for a parallelipipedic structure made up of orthotropic plane plates. One of the best originalities of our study is to analyze the acoustic transmission through heterogeneous structures excited by aeroacoustic sources. It has led us to define a flexible numerical tool which allows the preferential ways of noise transmission to be identified and which increases our knowledge on such systems. Solutions for reducing internal acoustic levels embarrassing passengers are defined. A specific application is done on the double deck T. G. V. In the context of a collaboration with the French Rail Ways Society (S. N. C. F. ) on an acoustic comfort improvement project for the 0-500 Hertz range
Deliancourt, Frédéric. "Etude de l'aérodynamique des trains en situation de vents traversiers : impact de la présence d'appendices." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0013/document.
Full textWhen expoecd to strong crosswinds, railway trains experience aerodynamic loads which tend to overturn them. The evaluation of the risk of overturning can be done with a dynamic calculation based on the aerodynamic loads and more precisely on the rolling moment. The aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicles can be evaluated in windtunnels. The Reynolds number of a full scale train is not applicable in these tests. Experimental tests showed that a reproduction of the train surface details at the same scale as the model would not necessarily lead to a correct estimation of the real aerodynamic loads.The topic of this work is to investigate the effect of roof mounted cables on the aerodynamic characteristics of railway vehicles. The aim is to determine the influence of the reproduction scale of these appendices on the aerodynamic coefficients. Two train models are employed. The first one is an extensively-studied simplified train model. The second one is more similar to a real train, modelled after a regional train. Visualisation tools are employed to investigate the flow topology. Global aerodynamic loads (lift, lateral force and rolling moment) are evaluated with a dynamometric force balance and surface pressure distribution is evaluated with pressure sensors. Additional RANS numerical simulations are performed to improve understanding of the flow topology.We demonstrated an increase of the risk of overtum for the two train models when cables are added on the roof. We also showed that this increase strongly depends on the cable's size.To understand this increase, we identified pressure modifications which are involved in the global load modifications. Then, we linked these pressure changes to flow topology. We finally showed that the incrcase of the risk of overtun is both due to local and global pressure modifications
Giret, Jean-Christophe. "Simulations aux grandes échelles des écoulements instationnaires turbulents autour des trains d'atterrissage pour la prédiction du bruit aérodynamique." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11919/1/giret.pdf.
Full textMassenzio, Michel. "Caracterisation des sources aeroacoustiques sur trains grande vitesse en vue de la prevision de la pression acoustique interne." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0028.
Full textIn transport industries, the increase of the velocity, and the lightning of the structures is responsible for the deterioration of acoustic comfort. In order to take into account this fact since the beginning of the design (draft studies), it is necessary to characterize acoustic sources. Within the framework of railways our study concerns especially low frequency range (0-500 Hertz) and high speeds (Mach t umber < 0,35). Hence, the source are mainly due to aerodynamic interactions. Our approach is based on the understanding of principal physical phenomena connected to a grazing turbulent t1ow over an opened cavity. Thanks to a critical bibliography analysis and to an experimental study held in a wind tunnel with scale models, we have identified and located major aeroacoustics sources. The main parameters of both flow and cavity which control those phenomena have been identified. A sturdy model is proposed and compared with the results concerning the scale models and a real configuration, the TGV. The model enable us to calculate the critical parameters that is to say the mean flow velocity and the aeroacoustics’ frequency leading to the maximum sound pressure level. As the aeroacoustics sources are identified, we develop a numerical tool RAMCES, for the prediction of the wall acoustic pressure over the whole structure. Radiating models are developed: the image sources model for the internal problem and an integral formulation with a convective media for the external problem. The implementation required the knowledge of the amplitude of equivalent monopolar source. These data are estimated from u mean value of the flow: The turbulent kinetic energy. Thanks to the granted knowledge, we propose a strategy for the reduction of aeroacoustics’ sources. Two practical solutions are presented and validated experimentally. A global cool for draft studies is developed. In the framework of a collaboration with the SNCF on a Low frequency field acoustic comfort improvement project
Ammam, Tarek. "Development of innovative solutions for the control of the aerodynamic drag induced by cavity flows : Application to the reduction of railway energy consumtion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPHF0011.
Full textThis work concerns the analysis and control of the flow over cavities, which have the particularity of being laterally open and near a wall, with the aim of developing drag control solutions induced by bogie cavities of high-speed trains. To study this configuration, representative of railway cavities and known to be less sensitive to acoustic noise than cavities with smaller aspect ratios, experimental tests and numerical simulations (IDDES) were conducted. The motivations of our research focus on identifying the relationships between the flow and the aerodynamic loads applied on the cavity on one hand, and on the control of induced drag on the other hand. In this context, synchronized PIV-wall pressure tests were specifically conducted in addition to force measurements aimed at quantifying the contribution to drag (and thus to resistance to motion) of the cavity. These recent developments also allowed us to identify and parameterize a continuous blowing active control solution, based on reducing momentum at the cavity interface and underbody flow rate. The maximum associated drag reductions are around 20% for an empty cavity geometry and around 15% for a cavity including the bogie
Poisson, Franck. "Localisation et caractérisation de sources acoustiques en mouvement rapide." Le Mans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LEMAA001.
Full textDe, La Puente Cerezo Fernando. "Aeroacoustic simulations of landing gears with unstructured grids and a ZDES turbulence model." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066212/document.
Full textIn a globalized world, air transportation of goods and persons has become an important pillar of our societies. However, the growth of this sector has raised an important issue, the high noise associated. In the framework of reducing the noise emitted by aircraft at approach and landing, and more precisely the noise emitted by the landing gear, this thesis aims to provide an accurate and efficient numerical methodology enabling to predict such noise. It is based on the use of ONERA’s in house Navier-Stokes code CEDRE coupled with the use of high quality unstructured meshes and a Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation turbulence model. This procedure has been developed thanks to the LAGOON test case, of which two simulations were performed during this thesis, obtaining very accurate results (less than 1dB of error in the OASPL results compared to the experimental measurements) at a moderated cost. In the following, it was applied to a more complex case, the PDCC, representative of a realistic landing gear. Once again, the results obtained were very accurate as was the case for LAGOON, even if an important difference existed between the two cases: for the PDCC, wall functions were used for several geometrical parts, aiming to decrease even more the cost of the simulation while all the boundary layers developing over the LAGOON case were completely solved with a devoted grid. Finally, the nature of the acoustic sources present in the LAGOON landing gear was also addressed. At this end, a simulation was carried out over an isolated wheel, aiming to identify the mechanisms underlying the tonal response of these cavities observed during the LAGOON experimental campaign. This study can be considered as the study of an installed cavity submitted to a non uniform grazing flow, and its analysis relied on comparisons with the results obtained on common cavities from literature
Reinhardt-Piechowiak, Anne. "Contribution à l'étude aérodynamique des croisements de train à grande vitesse." Valenciennes, 1996. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d9b33546-811f-4e7a-b04e-709bca3fc7af.
Full textAuvity, Bruno. "Phénomènes aérodynamiques instationnaires générés par l'entrée d'un train dans un tunnel." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2336.
Full textBouzouane, Chabane. "Aérodynamique stationnaire des sphères alvéolées : application à la balle de golf." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066727.
Full textMariette, Kevin. "Contrôle en boucle fermée pour la réduction active de traînée aérodynamique des véhicules." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI088.
Full textActive flow control techniques can decrease the aerodynamic drag acting on a vehicle moving at high velocity. Instead of exclusively passive techniques, active control can reduce the pressure drag on a vehicle under a wider range of operating conditions without requiring large modifications of the functional shape of the vehicles. However, active control devices require an additional source of energy, which may decrease the global efficiency of the control. Our work aims to reduce significantly the drag of ground vehicles with efficiency and robustness thanks to high frequency pulsed jet control. We present experimental studies on a simplified bluff body mock-up of a ground vehicle and we seek to understand the phenomena linked to the pressure drag on a vehicle. In this thesis, we propose a modelling methodology of the vehicle’s turbulent wake adapted for control purposes. Finally, we design and test experimentally different closed-loop control methods of the wake with high frequency pulsed air jets. The experimental studies performed in a wind tunnel show the efficient application of sliding mode control and extremum seeking techniques for a robust drag control with energy cost considerations. This thesis was financed by the French National Research Agency (ANR) and contributes to the project ActivRoad involving three French laboratories: Ampère (INSA, Lyon), Pprime Institute (ENSMA, Poitiers), and the LMFA (Centrale, Lyon); and two automotive companies: PSA group and Volvo Trucks
Ghazlane, Imane. "Adjoint-based aerostructural sensitivity analysis for wing design." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925210.
Full textGhazlane, Imane. "Adjoint-based aerostructural sensitivity analysis for wing design." Phd thesis, Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE4110.
Full textLabbe, Romain. "Quelques problèmes d’optimisation de trainée : De la propulsion par rame à la collecte d’aérosol." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLX080/document.
Full textThe rowing propulsion results from the compensation between water resistance on the hull and the attachment of the oars in the water. For fog collection using nets, the dynamics of water harvesting results from the effects of air resistance on the droplets combined with flow disturbances at the net level. In this thesis, - centered on the fluid / structure interactions - we sought to optimize the efficiency (propulsion and collection) from the hydro and aerodynamic point of view. For this, we relied on model experiments (Robot rowing boats, mist wind tunnel) to be placed in controllable laboratory conditions and to overcome human and climatic bias.In the first part on rowing, we showed what was the optimal oars length for propulsion. Then we were interested in the effect of the phase shift between the rowers and showed that a perfect synchronization makes it possible to obtain a maximum speed. Finally, we carried out an empirical and experimental study on the shapes (aspect ratio and symmetry) of optimal hulls. The second part deals with the collection of water using mist nets, which began with a study of the impact of the drops on a mesh (fiber) of the net and then within a complete net. Finally, we studied the effect of fiber elasticity and drainage on collection. This study has highlighted the importance of fiber wetting properties on net collection and design
Edwige, Stéphie. "Modal analysis and flow control for drag reduction on a Sport Utility Vehicle." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1233/document.
Full textThe automotive industry dedicates a lot of effort to improve the aerodynamical performances of road vehicles in order to reduce its carbon footprint. In this context, the target of the present work is to analyze the origin of aerodynamic losses on a reduced scale generic Sport Utility Vehicle and to achieve a drag reduction using an active flow control strategy. After an experimental characterization of the flow past the POSUV, a cross-modal DMD analysis is used to identify the correlated periodical features responsible for the tailgate pressure loss. Thanks to a genetic algorithm procedure, 20% gain on the tailgate pressure is obtained with optimal pulsed blowing jets on the rear bumper. The same cross-modal methodology allows to improve our understanding of the actuation mechanism. After a preliminary study of the 25° inclined ramp and of the Ahmed Body computations, the numerical simulation of the POSUV is corroborated with experiments using the cross-modal method. Deeper investigations on the three-dimensional flow characteristics explain more accurately the wake flow behavior. Finally, the controlled flow simulations propose additional insights on the actuation mechanisms allowing to reduce the aerodynamic losses
Pamiès, Mathieu. "Contrôle d'une couche limite turbulente au moyen d'un micro-sytème distribué." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10081/document.
Full textThe rising cost of oil leads most of transportation firms to work towards reducing the fuel consumption of their vehicles. ln aeronautical applications, they mainly focus on viscous drag reduction. which gives hope to considerable power savings. The approach followed in the present work aims at manipulating the turbulent features responsible for the friction force. Located in the turbulent part of boundary layers. they consist in coherent vortices. whose characteristic time and space scales are costly to reach experimentally and numerically. This work postulates that only a high level of realism could help to predict accurately the performance of coherent vortices-based drag control methods. It is therefore taken into account at three stages of the design of our flow control simulation. which are the choice of the Reynolds number, the control algorithm and the actuating system. First of all, the simulation of high Reynolds number spatial boundary layers is often limited by computing capacities. Thanks to an optimization of existing inflow boundary conditions, current work helps to reduce CPU cost and widens the field of reachable flow conditions. Secondly, two improvements of the well-known oppositiol control have been proposed to allow its experimental adaptation. They are assessed using large-eddy simulation (LES) at a reasonable cost. Finally, a realistic MEMS is mode lied and used to manipulate the fine turbulent structures in the vicinity of the wall. Real influence on drag as well as precise interaction mechanisms are described using direct numerical simulation (DNS). Efficiency parameters are identified and possible ways of improvement are indicated
Moulin, Aimie. "Air-sea interaction at the synoptic- and the meso-scale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAU026/document.
Full textThis thesis considers air-sea interaction, due to momentum exchange, in an idealized but consistent model. Two superposed one-layer fine-resolution shallow-water models are numerically integrated. The upper layer represents the atmosphere and the lower layer the ocean. The interaction is only due to the shear between the two layers. The shear applied to the ocean is calculated using the velocity difference between the ocean and the atmosphere.The frictional force between the two-layers is implemented using the quadratic drag law. Three idealized configurations are explored.First, a new mechanism that induces barotropic instability in the ocean is discussed. It is due to air-sea interaction with a quadratic drag law and horizontal viscous dissipation in the atmosphere. I show that the instability spreads to the atmosphere. The preferred spatial scale of the instability is that of the oceanic baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation.It can only be represented in numerical models, when the dynamics at this scale is resolved in the atmosphere and the ocean.In one-way interaction the shear applied to the atmosphere neglectsthe ocean dynamics, it is calculated using the atmospheric wind, only. In two-way interaction it is opposite to the shear applied to the ocean.In the one-way interaction the atmospheric shear leads to a barotropic instability in the ocean. The instability in the ocean is amplified, in amplitude and scale, in two-way interaction and also triggers an instability in the atmosphere.Second, the air-sea interaction at the atmospheric synoptic and mesoscale due to momentum transfer, only, is considered. Experiments with different values of the surface friction drag coefficient are performed, with a different atmospheric forcing from the first configuration, that leads to a turbulent dynamics in the atmosphere and the ocean. The actual energy loss of the atmosphere and the energy gain by the ocean, due to the inter-facial shear,is determined and compared to the estimates based on average speeds.The correlation between the vorticity in the atmosphere and the ocean is determined. Results differ from previous investigations where the exchange of momentum was considered at basin scale. It is shown that the ocean has a passive role, absorbing kinetic energy at nearly all times and locations.Due to the feeble velocities in the ocean, the energy transfer depends only weakly on the ocean velocity. The ocean dynamics leaves nevertheless its imprint in the atmospheric dynamics leading to a quenched disordered state of the atmosphere-ocean system, for the highest value of the friction coefficient considered. This finding questions the ergodic hypothesis, which is at the basis of a large number of experimental, observational and numericalresults in ocean, atmosphere and climate dynamics.The last configuration considers the air-sea interaction, due to momentum exchange, around a circular island. In todays simulations of the ocean dynamics, the atmospheric forcing fields are usually too coarse to include the presence of smaller islands (typically $<$ 100km).In the calculations presented here, the island is represented in the atmospheric layer by a hundred fold increased drag coefficient above the island as compared to the ocean. It leads to an increased atmospheric vorticity in the vicinity and in the wake of the island. The influence of the atmospheric vorticity on the ocean vorticity, upwelling, turbulence and energy transfer is considered by performing fully coupled simulations of the atmosphere-oceandynamics. The results are compared to simulations with a constant, in space and time, atmospheric forcing (no wake) and simulations with one-waycoupling only (where the ocean velocity has no influence on the atmosphere).Results of our simulations agree with previous published work and observations, and confirm that the wind-wake is the main process leading to mesoscale oceanic eddies in the lee of an island
Lestang, Thibault. "Numerical simulation and rare events algorithms for the study of extreme fluctuations of the drag force acting on an obstacle immersed in a turbulent flow." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN049/document.
Full textThis thesis discusses the numerical simulation of extreme fluctuations of the drag force acting on an object immersed in a turbulent medium.Because such fluctuations are rare events, they are particularly difficult to investigate by means of direct sampling. Indeed, such approach requires to simulate the dynamics over extremely long durations.In this work an alternative route is introduced, based on rare events algorithms.The underlying idea of such algorithms is to modify the sampling statistics so as to favour rare trajectories of the dynamical system of interest.These techniques recently led to impressive results for relatively simple dynamics. However, it is not clear yet if such algorithms are useful for complex deterministic dynamics, such as turbulent flows.This thesis focuses on the study of both the dynamics and statistics of extreme fluctuations of the drag experienced by a square cylinder mounted in a two-dimensional channel flow.This simple framework allows for very long simulations of the dynamics, thus leading to the sampling of a large number of events with an amplitude large enough so as they can be considered extreme.Subsequently, the application of two different rare events algorithms is presented and discussed.In the first case, a drastic reduction of the computational cost required to sample configurations resulting in extreme fluctuations is achieved.Furthermore, several difficulties related to the flow dynamics are highlighted, paving the way to novel approaches specifically designed to turbulent flows