Journal articles: 'Trait development'

1

Zhang, Qing, and Meifang Wang. "The Development of Spontaneous Trait Inferences: Evidence from Chinese Children." Psychological Reports 112, no. 3 (June 2013): 887–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/21.07.pr0.112.3.887-899.

Full text

Abstract:

Spontaneous trait inferences are trait inferences that are made without intention or conscious awareness on exposure to trait-implying behaviors. Most studies in the area of spontaneous trait inferences have been undertaken with adults, but little attention has been paid to the developmental course. Using a recognition probe paradigm, the current study was performed to examine the development of Chinese children's spontaneous trait inferences, comparing 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, and 12-year-olds. Results indicated that children could infer traits from trait-implying behaviors spontaneously from the age of 8 years. Moreover, the strength of spontaneous trait inferences peaked at age 10 years, and decreased steadily from ages 10 through 12. These results suggest developmental changes in the tendency to engage in spontaneous trait inferences.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

SHIMIZU, YUKI. "Development of Trait Inference." Japanese Journal of Educational Psychology 48, no. 3 (2000): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5926/jjep1953.48.3_255.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Zainal Badri, Khairul Nizam Bin. "Hadith Scholars Personality Development Review: Relevance in the development of psychological behavior." Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar 13, no. 2 (September 22, 2021): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/dinamika.v13i2.9950.

Full text

Abstract:

One of the definitions of personality involves character patterns that include feelings, thoughts and actions. Based on this definition it turns out that personality can not run away from the field of psychology. Personality traits are biological while personality values are environmental products influenced by culture, education and life. In the study of modern psychology, thought-based traits that are in the cognitive domain are higher than emotional traits in relation to values. In the tradition of Islamic science, there is a special traits, which is the yardstick of superior personality; that is, Al-‘Adalah or is called adil (fairness). Related to the trait of adil is the trait of dhabit (strong memory). A qualitative study using this library approach seeks to trace the properties possessed by hadith scholars, who once inspired the West to apply those attributes in their intellectual work. Studies have found that these properties have unique characteristics because of their ability to integrate ontological, epistemological and axiological dimensions and also balance the role of cognitive and affective domains in human beings that direct human physiological and psychological behavior in a positive direction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Sun, Wu. "On Hair Follicle Development and Wool Production Traits in Sheep: A Review." International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 25, no. 02 (February 1, 2021): 450–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17957/ijab/15.1687.

Full text

Abstract:

Hair follicle and skin development is a complex biological process involving many regulatory molecules. Wool trait is a complex quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes and affected by environment. In this paper, the histomorphology of hair follicle development in sheep and the molecular mechanism of hair follicle and wool traits formation were reviewed in order to provide theoretical basis for breeding and selection of sheep wool traits. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Di Fabio, Annamaria, and Donald Saklofske. "Positive Relational Management for Sustainable Development: Beyond Personality Traits—The Contribution of Emotional Intelligence." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020330.

Full text

Abstract:

Positive relationships are of major importance in our personal and working lives for promoting well-being, and fostering healthy and sustainable organizations. The research literature suggests that emotional intelligence is a key factor in promoting and maintaining positive relationships. We examined the association between trait emotional intelligence and positive relational management in Italian workers, controlling for the effects of personality traits. Participants were administered the Big Five Questionnaire (BFQ), the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF) and the Positive Relational Management Scale (PRMS). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that trait emotional intelligence explained an additional 14–16% of the variance beyond personality traits in relation to positive relational management in workers. These results underscore the relationship between trait emotional intelligence and positive relational management, offering new opportunities for promoting both personal well-being and healthy and sustainable organizations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Lease, Loren R. "A descriptive study of African American deciduous dentition." Dental Anthropology Journal 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v26i3.51.

Full text

Abstract:

Descriptive studies of the deciduous dentition morphology have been presented as an inclusion in permanent dentition studies, the focus of archaeological populations or on specific traits within modern populations.The present study describes 25 morphological traits of deciduous dentition in two African American samples from Memphis, TN and Dallas, TX (N= 218), and a European American sample (N=100) from Cleveland, OH. These traits represent the most commonly used traits in population microevolution studies, describing various ancestral groups.Results indicate trait frequency variation between the two African American samples, as well as in comparison to European American samples. Traits varying in frequency between the two sample populations include maxillary lateral incisor shovel shape trait (69% vs. 46%), canine tuberculum dentale (40% vs. 22%), canine mesial ridge (3% vs. 7%), and maxillary posterior molar hypocone development (76% vs. 92%). Trait frequencies higher than found in previous studies include maxillary central incisor shovel shape trait (38%) and maxillary lateral incisor shovel shape trait (68%), canine tuberculum dentale (40%), maxillary molar complexity (20%), cusp six (33%) and seven (68%), and the Y-groove on the mandibular posterior molar (69%). Trait frequencies seen lower in previous studies include tuberculum dentale trait on both maxillary incisors (8% and 3%) and the hypocone development of the maxillary posterior molar (76%). The level of trait expression is informative when comparing populations, especially the molar traits. For example, Carabelli’s pit/fissure is the most common trait expression in African American samples, unlike European American samples.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Castillo-Figueroa, Dennis, and Jairo Pérez-Torres. "On the development of a trait-based approach for studying Neotropical bats." Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 61 (February 18, 2021): e20216124. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2021.61.24.

Full text

Abstract:

New World bats are involved in key ecological processes and are good indicators of environmental changes. Recently, trait-based approaches have been used in several taxa to better understand mechanisms underlying species assemblages, biotic interactions, environmental relationships and ecosystem functions. However, despite the relevance of bats on ecosystem dynamics, so far, there is no conceptual framework that relies on the measurement of bat traits to address functional studies. Here, we present a set of 50 bat biological traits, which are suitable to assess environmental stressors and can potentially affect ecological processes. Several examples were provided to show the applicability of this framework in the study of Neotropical bat ecology. We suggest some considerations regarding trait-based approach including the importance of intraspecific variation, correlations between traits, response-effect framework, global dataset, and future directions to assess the reliability of functional relations across species and Neotropical regions by using traits. This could be helpful in tackling ecological questions associated with community assembly and habitat filtering, species diversity patterns along environmental gradients, and ecological processes. We envision this paper as a first step toward an integrative bat functional trait protocol held up with solid evidence.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Hennecke, Marie, Wiebke Bleidorn, Jaap J. A. Denissen, and Dustin Wood. "A Three–Part Framework for Self–Regulated Personality Development across Adulthood." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 3 (May 2014): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1945.

Full text

Abstract:

Recently, researchers interested in personality development have begun to acknowledge the roles of motivation and self–regulation for why traits change across adulthood. We propose three preconditions under which individuals may change their own levels of a personality trait through self–directed efforts. Firstly, individuals need to desire changing their trait–related behaviours either as an end in itself or in order to achieve other goals. Secondly, they need to consider behavioural changes feasible and be able to implement the desired changes. Thirdly, behavioural changes need to become habitual in order to constitute a stable trait. After elaborating on these three conditions, we review evidence attesting to the importance of motivation and self–regulation for trait development. We conclude with a discussion of the mutual interdependence of traits and goals, as well as the limits of self–regulated personality change. From our framework, we derive why personality changes across adulthood tend to be small to medium only, namely because they may require that all three preconditions for self–regulated personality change are fulfilled. We provide reasons for why people might not view change as desirable, feasible or fail to maintain it over time. Finally, we propose ideas for potential study designs to research self–regulated personality change. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Costa, Paul T., Robert R. McCrae, and Corinna E. Löckenhoff. "Personality Across the Life Span." Annual Review of Psychology 70, no. 1 (January 4, 2019): 423–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103244.

Full text

Abstract:

Trait stability and maturation are fundamental principles of contemporary personality psychology and have been shown to hold across many cultures. However, it has proven difficult to move beyond these general findings to a detailed account of trait development. There are pervasive and unexplained inconsistencies across studies that may be due to ( a) insufficient attention to measurement error, ( b) subtle but age-sensitive differences in alternative measures of the same trait, or ( c) different perspectives reflected in self-reports and observer ratings. Multiscale, multimethod—and ideally multinational—studies are needed. Several hypotheses have been proposed to account for trait stability and change, but supporting evidence is currently weak or indirect; trait development is a fertile if sometimes frustrating field for theory and research. Beyond traits, there are approaches to personality development that are of interest to students of adult development, and these may be fruitfully addressed from a trait perspective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Xu, Liguo, Dalong Pang, Jing Ge, and Youmin Xi. "Understanding the categories of leader traits in socialization: the case of Haier group’s CEO in China." Nankai Business Review International 8, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 344–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-11-2016-0039.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the categories of leader traits, their generation and their relationships in leaders’ socialization. Design/methodology/approach The authors take the case study method, which is the most suitable method to answer research questions on why and how to fulfill the study purpose on the basis of the case of Ruimin Zhang. Findings Leader traits are classified into four categories with respect to socialization, namely, root trait, driving trait, thinking trait and affair trait. The root trait and the driving trait form from the leader’s insight with the impact of key events, mutually promote and consolidate each other, and together derive the thinking trait and the affair trait on the basis of critical events, culture, family, education, etc. The thinking trait is the premise of the affair trait to be expressed in leadership behavior. The root trait and the driving trait together determine a leader’s growth direction and efficiency and can distinguish leaders from non-leaders. The thinking trait and the affair trait together determine the pattern and effectiveness of leadership behavior and can distinguish effective leadership from ineffective leadership. Research limitations/implications This study transcends prior integral leader trait research by categorizing leader traits from the socialization perspective, makes a clear delineation on the interrelationships among categories of leader traits, analyzes their holistic functions on the leaders, reveals the formation and relationship mechanism of leader traits and identifies the types of leader traits that can work as the standards for distinguishing effective leaders from ineffective leaders or non-leaders. Originality/value This study promotes the development of the leader trait theory in the classification, formations, relationships and overall effect of leader traits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Brown, Jill A., and Frank Bernieri. "Trait Perception Accuracy and Acquaintance Within Groups: Tracking Accuracy Development." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 5 (April 9, 2017): 716–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217695557.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous work on trait perception has evaluated accuracy at discrete stages of relationships (e.g., strangers, best friends). A relatively limited body of literature has investigated changes in accuracy as acquaintance within a dyad or group increases. Small groups of initially unacquainted individuals spent more than 30 hr participating in a wide range of activities designed to represent common interpersonal contexts (e.g., eating, traveling). We calculated how accurately each participant judged others in their group on the big five traits across three distinct points within the acquaintance process: zero acquaintance, after a getting-to-know-you conversation, and after 10 weeks of interaction and activity. Judgments of all five traits exhibited accuracy above chance levels after 10 weeks. An examination of the trait rating stability revealed that much of the revision in judgments occurred not over the course of the 10-week relationship as suspected, but between zero acquaintance and the getting-to-know-you conversation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Heggestad, Eric D., and Ruth Kanfer. "Individual differences in trait motivation: development of the Motivational Trait Questionnaire." International Journal of Educational Research 33, no. 7-8 (January 2000): 751–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0883-0355(00)00049-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Ungerer, Mark C., Solveig S. Halldorsdottir, Jennifer L. Modliszewski, Trudy F. C. Mackay, and Michael D. Purugganan. "Quantitative Trait Loci for Inflorescence Development in Arabidopsis thaliana." Genetics 160, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 1133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.3.1133.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Variation in inflorescence development patterns is a central factor in the evolutionary ecology of plants. The genetic architectures of 13 traits associated with inflorescence developmental timing, architecture, rosette morphology, and fitness were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant system. There is substantial naturally occurring genetic variation for inflorescence development traits, with broad sense heritabilities computed from 21 Arabidopsis ecotypes ranging from 0.134 to 0.772. Genetic correlations are significant for most (64/78) pairs of traits, suggesting either pleiotropy or tight linkage among loci. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping indicates 47 and 63 QTL for inflorescence developmental traits in Ler × Col and Cvi × Ler recombinant inbred mapping populations, respectively. Several QTL associated with different developmental traits map to the same Arabidopsis chromosomal regions, in agreement with the strong genetic correlations observed. Epistasis among QTL was observed only in the Cvi × Ler population, and only between regions on chromosomes 1 and 5. Examination of the completed Arabidopsis genome sequence in three QTL regions revealed between 375 and 783 genes per region. Previously identified flowering time, inflorescence architecture, floral meristem identity, and hormone signaling genes represent some of the many candidate genes in these regions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

James, Jeffrey. "Trait-taking versus trait-making in technical choice: the case of Africa." Journal of International Development 11, no. 6 (September 1999): 797–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1328(199909/10)11:6<797::aid-jid596>3.0.co;2-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Jackson, Joshua J., Felix Thoemmes, Kathrin Jonkmann, Oliver Lüdtke, and Ulrich Trautwein. "Military Training and Personality Trait Development." Psychological Science 23, no. 3 (January 24, 2012): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611423545.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Petolino, Joseph F., and John P. Davies. "Designed transcriptional regulators for trait development." Plant Science 201-202 (March 2013): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.12.006.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Harrigan, George G. "Metabolomics and trait development in crops." Metabolomics 3, no. 3 (August 29, 2007): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11306-007-0083-1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

McCrae, Robert R., and Paul T. Costa. "Trait explanations in personality psychology." European Journal of Personality 9, no. 4 (November 1995): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410090402.

Full text

Abstract:

Recent debates on the status of contemporary trait psychology (Pervin, 1994) have revived old questions about the role of traits in the explanation of behavior: are traits mere descriptions of behavior, or do they offer one legitimate and useful form of explanation? We review the logic of trait explanation and present a general model of the person in which personality traits are hypothetical constructs regarded as basic dispositions. In interaction with external influences—notably shared meaning systems—traits contribute causally to the development of habits, attitudes, skills, and other characteristic adaptations. In this model, action and experience can be explained directly or proximally in terms of the interaction of the immediate situation with the individual's characteristic adaptations, and indirectly or distally in terms of underlying personality traits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Chang, Chen-Lin, Tai-Ling Liu, Ray C. Hsiao, Pinchen Yang, Yi-Lung Chen, and Cheng-Fang Yen. "Callous–Unemotional Traits among Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or Typical Development: Differences between Adolescents’ and Parents’ Views." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 3972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083972.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examined parent–adolescent agreement on the callous, uncaring, and unemotional dimensions of callous–unemotional (CU) traits and the differences in adolescent-reported and parent-reported CU traits among 126 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 207 adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 203 typically developing (TD) adolescents. Adolescent-reported and parent-reported CU traits on the three dimensions of the Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits were obtained. The strength of CU traits and the differences between adolescent-reported and parent-reported traits were compared among the three groups using analysis of covariance. Parent–adolescent agreement was examined using intraclass correlation. The results reveal that both adolescent-reported and parent-reported callousness and uncaring traits in the ASD and ADHD groups were significantly stronger than those in the TD group. Parent–adolescent agreement on the uncaring trait was fair across the three groups, whereas that on callousness was poor across all three groups. Parent–adolescent agreement on unemotionality was fair in the TD group but poor in the ADHD and ASD groups. ASD and ADHD groups had significantly greater differences in scores reported by parents and adolescents on the callousness trait than the TD group. The parent–adolescent score differences in the uncaring trait were also larger in the ASD group than in the TD group. Thus, these results support the application of a multi-informant approach in CU trait assessment, especially for adolescents with ASD or ADHD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Robinson, Shani N., Mary B. Curtis, and Jesse C. Robertson. "Disentangling the Trait and State Components of Professional Skepticism: Specifying a Process for State Scale Development." AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory 37, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 215–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-51738.

Full text

Abstract:

SUMMARY In recent years, professional skepticism (PS) has drawn extensive attention from both regulators and academics. While prior research theorizes that both stable personality traits and temporary states influence PS (e.g., Hurtt 2010; Nelson 2009), this literature tends to focus on either trait PS or contextual factors that influence judgments and behavior without disentangling the trait and state components of PS. We propose that state PS is a distinct construct from trait PS and provide the first measure of state PS. We validate our process for measuring state PS using rigorous analyses, demonstrating convergent and divergent validity with data collected from both professional and student samples. Furthermore, we replicate the Hurtt (2010) trait PS scale, which forms the basis for our state PS measure. Future researchers can employ our measure or, alternatively, replicate our process for measuring state PS in various experimental contexts. Data Availability: Contact the corresponding author.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Yue, Chengyan, Jingjing Wang, Eric Watkins, Stacy A. Bonos, Kristen C. Nelson, James A. Murphy, William A. Meyer, and Brian P. Horgan. "An Investigation of Trait Prioritization in Turfgrass Breeding Programs." HortScience 52, no. 11 (November 2017): 1544–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12027-17.

Full text

Abstract:

The development and evaluation of new turfgrass cultivars require considerable resources. A systematic understanding of the breeders’ and distributors’ trait selection behavior can provide a basis for making adjustments and improvements based on industry needs and thus accelerate the breeding process and make it more efficient. The objective of this study is to investigate the selection priorities for turfgrass traits and identify the most influential factors affecting turfgrass breeders’ and distributors’ likelihood of selecting turfgrass traits. Results show that the most important trait clusters for both breeders and distributors were abiotic stress resistance and growth characteristics. Breeders were more likely than distributors to select appearance traits when setting trait priorities. Program characteristics such as program size, education level, and being a male respondent had positive effects on the reported likelihood of selecting studied turfgrass traits, and these effects varied for different trait clusters.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Louarn, Gaëtan, Romain Barillot, Didier Combes, and Abraham Escobar-Gutiérrez. "Towards intercrop ideotypes: non-random trait assembly can promote overyielding and stability of species proportion in simulated legume-based mixtures." Annals of Botany 126, no. 4 (January 31, 2020): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa014.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Backgrounds and Aims A major challenge when supporting the development of intercropping systems remains the design of efficient species mixtures. The ecological processes that sustain overyielding of legume-based mixtures compared to pure crops are well known, but their links to plant traits remain to be unravelled. A common assumption is that enhancing trait divergence among species for resource acquisition when assembling plant mixtures should increase species complementarity and improve community performance. Methods The Virtual Grassland model was used to assess how divergence in trait values between species on four physiological functions (namely light and mineral N acquisition, temporal development, and C–N use efficiency) affected overyielding and mixture stability in legume-based binary mixtures. A first step allowed us to identify the model parameters that were most important to interspecies competition. A second step involved testing the impact of convergent and divergent parameter (or trait) values between species on virtual mixture performance. Results Maximal overyielding was achieved in cases where trait values were divergent for the physiological functions controlling N acquisition and temporal development but convergent for light interception. It was also found that trait divergence should not affect competitive abilities of legume and non-legumes at random. Indeed, random trait combinations frequently led to reduced mixture yields when compared to a perfectly convergent neutral model. Combinations with the highest overyielding also tended to be associated with mixture instability and decreasing legume biomass proportion. Achieving both high overyielding and mixture stability was only found to be possible under low or moderate N levels, using combinations of traits adapted to each environment. Conclusions No simple assembly rule based on trait divergence could be confirmed. Plant models able to infer plant–plant interactions can be helpful for the identification of major interaction traits and the definition of ideotypes adapted to a targeted intercropping system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Barisic-Klisaric, Natasa, Danijela Miljkovic, S. Avramov, U. Zivkovic, and A. Tarasjev. "Stages of flower bud development in Iris pumila and between-habitat morphological differences." Archives of Biological Sciences 64, no. 1 (2012): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1201077l.

Full text

Abstract:

Previous studies revealed significant phenotypic plasticity and between-population differentiation in flower morphometric traits of Iris pumila in response to environmental variability between natural shade and exposed habitats. Since these habitats differed in flowering times as well, in this work we investigated at which stages of flower bud development differences between open and shaded habitats start to appear. Our analysis detected several groups of trait development patterns through the I. pumila bud development in two contrasting habitats, with stem length being the most suitable trait for application in further analyses of so-called ?shade avoidance syndrome?.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Rowland, Lisa J., Elizabeth L. Ogden, and Bryan T. Vinyard. "Phenotypic Evaluation of a Hybrid Diploid Blueberry Population for Plant Development and Fruit Quality Traits." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081067.

Full text

Abstract:

A diploid blueberry mapping population, used previously to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for chilling requirement and cold hardiness, was evaluated for several plant development and fruit quality traits. Specifically, the population was phenotyped in a greenhouse for timing of various stages of flower bud, leaf bud and fruit development and for fruit quality traits including weight, diameter, color, scar, firmness, flavor and soluble solids. Phenotypic data was analyzed statistically by analysis of variance, correlation tests, to examine associations of traits, and heritability. Results indicated that the traits were segregating and most were distributed normally in the population. Many of the development traits were correlated, and timing of shoot expansion, early bloom and full bloom was also correlated with the previously evaluated trait of chilling requirement. Some correlations were found among the fruit quality traits as well. For example, weight was highly correlated with diameter, and subjectively measured firmness was moderately correlated with one of the objectively measured firmness traits. In addition, most of the traits showed significant variation across genotypes and across years, and most had moderate to high heritability. Therefore, we conclude that the diploid population should be useful for identifying QTL for many of these traits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Depue, Richard A. "Genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors in the development of personality disturbance." Development and Psychopathology 21, no. 4 (October 14, 2009): 1031–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409990034.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractA dimensional model of personality disturbance is presented that is defined by extreme values on interacting subsets of seven major personality traits. Being at the extreme has marked effects on the threshold for eliciting those traits under stimulus conditions: that is, the extent to which the environment affects the neurobiological functioning underlying the traits. To explore the nature of development of extreme values on these traits, each trait is discussed in terms of three major issues: (a) the neurobiological variables associated with the trait, (b) individual variation in this neurobiology as a function of genetic polymorphisms, and (c) the effects of environmental adversity on these neurobiological variables through the action of epigenetic processes. It is noted that gene–environment interaction appears to be dependent on two main factors: (a) both genetic and environmental variables appear to have the most profound and enduring effects when they exert their effects during early postnatal periods, times when the forebrain is undergoing exuberant experience–expectant dendritic and axonal growth; and (b) environmental effects on neurobiology are strongly modified by individual differences in “traitlike” functioning of neurobiological variables. A model of the nature of the interaction between environmental and neurobiological variables in the development of personality disturbance is presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Soren, Khela Ram, Aravind Kumar Konda, Priyanka Gangwar, Vijay A. Tiwari, P. S. Shanmugavadivel, Ashok Kumar Parihar, Girish Prasad Dixit, and Narendra Pratap Singh. "Development of SSR markers and association studies of markers with phenology and yield-related traits in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus)." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 8 (2020): 768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19557.

Full text

Abstract:

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is an important food crop cultivated in dryland agricultural ecosystem. It is an important source of dietary protein to millions of people living in low-income countries in South-east Asia and Africa. The present study emphasises the development of genomic resources and their application in marker–trait association for plant phenology and yield-related traits in lathyrus. In silico mining of nucleotide sequences identified 203 simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs, of which trimer repeats (62%) were most abundant followed by tetramer (19%), hexamer (10%), pentamer (6%) and dimer (3%) nucleotide repeats. Of 150 SSR markers screened, 60 markers were amplified 75 alleles from 50 germplasm lines with 2–3 alleles per locus and the polymorphic information content of 0.45 was observed. We report 6 significant marker–trait associations using the developed SSR markers for plant phenology and yield-related traits following mixed linear model (Q+K) analysis. Gene ontology search of trait linked markers revealed marker regions encoding genes related to homeobox-leucine zipper protein ATHB-6-like, rubredoxin family protein, and cationic peroxidise. Understanding the association of novel alleles in trait expression will play a significant role in future lathyrus crop improvement programmes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Hölker, Armin C., Manfred Mayer, Thomas Presterl, Therese Bolduan, Eva Bauer, Bernardo Ordas, Pedro C. Brauner, Milena Ouzunova, Albrecht E. Melchinger, and Chris-Carolin Schön. "European maize landraces made accessible for plant breeding and genome-based studies." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 132, no. 12 (September 26, 2019): 3333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03428-8.

Full text

Abstract:

Key message Doubled-haploid libraries from landraces capture native genetic diversity for a multitude of quantitative traits and make it accessible for breeding and genome-based studies. Abstract Maize landraces comprise large allelic diversity. We created doubled-haploid (DH) libraries from three European flint maize landraces and characterized them with respect to their molecular diversity, population structure, trait means, variances, and trait correlations. In total, 899 DH lines were evaluated using high-quality genotypic and multi-environment phenotypic data from up to 11 environments. The DH lines covered 95% of the molecular variation present in 35 landraces of an earlier study and represent the original three landrace populations in an unbiased manner. A comprehensive analysis of the target trait plant development at early growth stages as well as other important agronomic traits revealed large genetic variation for line per se and testcross performance. The majority of the 378 DH lines evaluated as testcrosses outperformed the commercial hybrids for early development. For total biomass yield, we observed a yield gap of 15% between mean testcross yield of the commercial hybrids and mean testcross yield of the DH lines. The DH lines also exhibited genetic variation for undesirable traits like root lodging and tillering, but correlations with target traits early development and yield were low or nonsignificant. The presented diversity atlas is a valuable, publicly available resource for genome-based studies to identify novel trait variation and evaluate the prospects of genomic prediction in landrace-derived material.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Hopkins, Melanie J. "Development, Trait Evolution, and the Evolution of Development in Trilobites." Integrative and Comparative Biology 57, no. 3 (June 5, 2017): 488–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icx033.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Costa, Paul T., and Robert R. McCrae. "Ego Development and Trait Models of Personality." Psychological Inquiry 4, no. 1 (January 1993): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0401_3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Furnham, Adrian. "The development of single trait personality theories." Personality and Individual Differences 11, no. 9 (January 1990): 923–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(90)90273-t.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Sack, Lawren, and Thomas N. Buckley. "Trait Multi-Functionality in Plant Stress Response." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 1 (December 11, 2019): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icz152.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Plants often experience multiple stresses in a given day or season, and it is self-evident that given functional traits can provide tolerances of multiple stresses. Yet, the multiple functions of individual traits are rarely explicitly considered in ecology and evolution due to a lack of a quantitative framework. We present a theory for considering the combined importance of the several functions that a single trait can contribute to alleviating multiple stresses. We derive five inter-related general predictions: (1) that trait multifunctionality is overall highly beneficial to fitness; (2) that species possessing multifunctional traits should increase in abundance and in niche breadth; (3) that traits are typically optimized for multiple functions and thus can be far from optimal for individual functions; (4) that the relative importance of each function of a multifunctional trait depends on the environment; and (5) that traits will be often “co-opted” for additional functions during evolution and community assembly. We demonstrate how the theory can be applied quantitatively by examining the multiple functions of leaf trichomes (hairs) using heuristic model simulations, substantiating the general principles. We identify avenues for further development and applications of the theory of trait multifunctionality in ecology and evolution.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Turnbull, Matthew H., Kevin L. Griffin, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Jon Lloyd, Patrick Meir, and Owen K. Atkin. "Separating species and environmental determinants of leaf functional traits in temperate rainforest plants along a soil-development chronosequence." Functional Plant Biology 43, no. 8 (2016): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp16035.

Full text

Abstract:

We measured a diverse range of foliar characteristics in shrub and tree species in temperate rainforest communities along a soil chronosequence (six sites from 8 to 120 000 years) and used multilevel model analysis to attribute the proportion of variance for each trait into genetic (G, here meaning species-level), environmental (E) and residual error components. We hypothesised that differences in leaf traits would be driven primarily by changes in soil nutrient availability during ecosystem progression and retrogression. Several leaf structural, chemical and gas-exchange traits were more strongly driven by G than E effects. For leaf mass per unit area (MA), foliar [N], net CO2 assimilation and dark respiration rates and foliar carbohydrate concentration, the G component accounted for 60–87% of the total variance, with the variability associated with plot, the E effect, much less important. Other traits, such as foliar [P] and N : P, displayed strong E and residual effects. Analyses revealed significant reductions in the slopes of G-only bivariate relationships when compared with raw relationships, indicating that a large proportion of trait–trait relationships is species based, and not a response to environment per se. This should be accounted for when assessing the mechanistic basis for using such relationships in order to make predictions of responses of plants to short-term environmental change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Ntloko, Phindiwe, Carolyn G. Palmer, Frank C. Akamagwuna, and Oghenekaro N. Odume. "Exploring Macroinvertebrates Ecological Preferences and Trait-Based Indicators of Suspended Fine Sediment Effects in the Tsitsa River and Its Tributaries, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Water 13, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060798.

Full text

Abstract:

The taxonomy-based response pattern of macroinvertebrates to sediment stress is well established, with tolerant taxa increasing in impacted conditions, while sensitive taxa decrease along a deteriorating water quality gradient. However, the distribution patterns of traits in response to environmental stress gradient, including suspended sediments, remain unclear, particularly in Africa, where trait-based studies are under-explored. We examined the distribution patterns of macroinvertebrate traits along a suspended sediment stress gradient and identified tolerant and sensitive traits for suspended sediment stress. We sampled macroinvertebrates and environmental variables seasonally in winter, spring, summer and autumn of 2016 to 2018 in eight selected sites in the Tsitsa River and its tributaries. We selected 12 traits and ecological preferences, resolved them into 47 trait attributes, and analysed them using the RLQ and fourth-corner analyses. Our results revealed that macroinvertebrate traits and ecological preferences were differentially influenced by fine suspended sediments in the Tsitsa River and its tributaries. Traits such as a preference for CPOM, collector-filtering, and a high sensitivity to oxygen depletion, were deemed sensitive to suspended sediments stress, exhibiting positive associations with the control sites, and negatively associated with any of the environmental parameters (sediment grain sizes, turbidity, TSS and EC). Tolerant indicator traits included a high tolerance of oxygen depletion, skating and a preference for FPOM. The fourth-corner analysis results indicated that suspended fine sediment grain sizes, (including coarse sand, fine silt and clay) were the most important variables influencing macroinvertebrate trait distribution patterns during the dry season, while gravel, mud and medium sand were more important during the wet season. Overall, our study provided critical insights towards trait-based responses of macroinvertebrates communities to suspended sediment stress, key information that could stimulate the development of macroinvertebrate trait-based biomonitoring tools for the assessment of suspended sediment stress in the Afrotropical region.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Bradshaw, H. D., and R. F. Stettler. "Molecular genetics of growth and development in populus. IV. Mapping QTLs with large effects on growth, form, and phenology traits in a forest tree." Genetics 139, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 963–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/139.2.963.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract We have mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for commercially important traits (stem growth and form) and an adaptive trait (spring leaf flush) in a Populus F2 generation derived from a cross between interspecific F1 hybrids (P. trichocarpa x P. deltoides). Phenotypic data were collected over a 2-year period from a replicated clonal trial containing ramets of the parental, F1, and F2 trees. Contrary to the assumptions of simple polygenic models of quantitative trait inheritance, 1-5 QTLs of large effect are responsible for a large portion of the genetic variance in each of the traits measured. For example, 44.7% of the genetic variance in stem volume after 2 years of growth is controlled by just two QTLs. QTLs governing stem basal area were found clustered with QTLs for sylleptic branch leaf area, sharing similar chromosomal position and mode of action and suggesting a pleiotropic effect of QTLs ultimately responsible for stem diameter growth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Roselló, Martina, Conxita Royo, Miguel Sanchez-Garcia, and Jose Miguel Soriano. "Genetic Dissection of the Seminal Root System Architecture in Mediterranean Durum Wheat Landraces by Genome-Wide Association Study." Agronomy 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2019): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9070364.

Full text

Abstract:

Roots are crucial for adaptation to drought stress. However, phenotyping root systems is a difficult and time-consuming task due to the special feature of the traits in the process of being analyzed. Correlations between root system architecture (RSA) at the early stages of development and in adult plants have been reported. In this study, the seminal RSA was analysed on a collection of 160 durum wheat landraces from 21 Mediterranean countries and 18 modern cultivars. The landraces showed large variability in RSA, and differences in root traits were found between previously identified genetic subpopulations. Landraces from the eastern Mediterranean region, which is the driest and warmest within the Mediterranean Basin, showed the largest seminal root size in terms of root length, surface, and volume and the widest root angle, whereas landraces from eastern Balkan countries showed the lowest values. Correlations were found between RSA and yield-related traits in a very dry environment. The identification of molecular markers linked to the traits of interest detected 233 marker-trait associations for 10 RSA traits and grouped them in 82 genome regions named marker-train association quantitative trait loci (MTA-QTLs). Our results support the use of ancient local germplasm to widen the genetic background for root traits in breeding programs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Glass, Jordan R., and Zachary R. Stahlschmidt. "Should I stay or should I go? Complex environments influence the developmental plasticity of flight capacity and flight-related trade-offs." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 128, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz073.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Complex environments, characterized by co-varying factors (e.g. temperature and food availability) may cause animals to invest resources differentially into fitness-related traits. Thus, experiments manipulating multiple environmental factors concurrently provide valuable insight into the role of the environment in shaping not only important traits (e.g. dispersal capacity or reproduction), but also trait–trait interactions (e.g. trade-offs between traits). We used a multi-factorial design to manipulate variation in temperature (constant 28 °C vs. 28 ± 5 °C daily cycle) and food availability (unlimited vs. intermittent access) throughout development in the sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus). Using a univariate approach, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food availability promoted survival, development, growth, body size and/or reproductive investment. Using principal components as indices of resource allocation strategy, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food reduced investment into flight capacity in females. Thus, we detected a sex-specific trade-off between flight and other life-history traits that was developmentally plastic in response to variation in temperature and food availability. We develop an experimental and statistical framework to reveal shifts in correlative patterns of investment into different life-history traits. This approach can be applied to a range of biological systems to investigate how environmental complexity influences traits and trait trade-offs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Odom, Marcus, and Hamid Pourjalali. "Effects of Personality and Expert System Instruction on Knowledge Development in Managerial Accounting." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (August 1994): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.267.

Full text

Abstract:

This study extended prior research in examining the effects of expert system use on 88 students' learning when their personality traits were considered. The results were based on measurements of the students' declarative and procedural knowledge after being taught a subject domain using one of three teaching methods, instruction, expert system, or a combination of the two. Both expert system and instruction, as well as one personality trait, SN, had a significant effect on the development of declarative and procedural knowledge. In addition, the personality trait EI had a significant effect on the development of procedural (but not declarative) knowledge. Two of the interactive variables were also significant. Accordingly, the results of this study provide some insight for instructors of managerial accounting courses as to the role of personality in learning managerial topics.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Wang, Xingyi, Hui Liu, Md Sultan Mia, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, and Guijun Yan. "Development of near-isogenic lines targeting a major QTL on 3AL for pre-harvest sprouting resistance in bread wheat." Crop and Pasture Science 69, no. 9 (2018): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp17423.

Full text

Abstract:

Resistance to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most valuable traits in many breeding programs. However, the quantitative nature of inheritance of PHS resistance challenges the study of this trait. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) can turn a complicated quantitative trait into a Mendelian factor (qualitative) and are, therefore, valuable materials for identification of the gene(s) responsible for a specific phenotypic trait and for functional studies of specific loci. Five pairs of NILs were developed and confirmed for a major quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on the long arm of chromosome 3A contributing to PHS resistance in wheat. These NILs were generated by using the heterogeneous inbred family method and a fast generation-cycling system. Significant differences in PHS resistance between the isolines were detected in the NILs. The presence of the PHS-resistance allele from the resistant parent increased resistance to sprouting on spikes by 26.7–96.8%, with an average of 73.8%, and increased seed dormancy by 36.9–87.2%, with an average of 59.9% across the NILs. These NILs are being used for the identification of candidate genes responsible for this major PHS-resistance locus on wheat chromosome arm 3AL.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Asendorpf, Jens B. "Causal Unity of Broader Traits is an Illusion." European Journal of Personality 30, no. 4 (July 2016): 304–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2060.

Full text

Abstract:

Mõttus alerts us to the widespread predictive heterogeneity of different indicators of the same trait. This heterogeneity violates the assumption that traits have causal unity in their developmental antecedents and effects on outcomes. I would go a step further: broader traits are useful units for description and prediction but not for explaining personality development and personality effects. In most cases, the measured trait indicators are closer to relevant causal mechanisms, and within a network perspective on personality, broader traits as entities with causal potential can be dismissed completely. Copyright © 2016 European Association of Personality Psychology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Storz, Brian L., and Joseph Travis. "Temporally Dissociated, Trait-Specific Modifications Underlie Phenotypic Polyphenism inSpea multiplicataTadpoles, Which Suggests Modularity." Scientific World JOURNAL 7 (2007): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2007.159.

Full text

Abstract:

Many organisms that develop in a variable environment show correlated patterns of phenotypic plasticity in several traits. Any individual trait modification can be beneficial, neutral, or deleterious in any particular environment; the organism's total fitness, which determines if the plasticity is adaptive, is the sum of these changes. Although much is known about how plastic traits contribute to fitness, less is known about the extent to which the various trait changes involved in the plastic responses share their developmental control. Shared control suggests that the various responses evolved in unison, but independent control suggests independent evolution of many components. Spadefoot toads have evolved adaptive polyphenism to cope with developing in rapidly drying ephemeral ponds. Larvae hatch as omnivores, but on exposure to an environmental cue, may develop into carnivores. We compared trait development in the two morphs and found that differences in jaw musculature, head dimensions, and intestines emerged early in development, whereas differences in shape of the tail emerged later. In omnivores, all traits except intestine length and hind-limb length were negatively allometric with body length; in carnivores, two of three jaw muscles displayed positive allometry and, among those that were negatively allometric, all except head width showed larger allometric coefficients in carnivores. Hind-limb length was positively allometric in both forms, but the allometric coefficients did not differ significantly. Intestine length was positively allometric to body length in both forms, but in this case, omnivores exhibited the higher coefficient. These results suggest that spadefoot plasticity is trait specific and the responses are suggestive of the existence of at least two modules: a suite of trophic traits that responds early in development and a suite of tail traits that responds later. The developmental control of these suites is the subject of further investigation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Vitousek, Maren N., Rosemary A. Stewart, and Rebecca J. Safran. "Female plumage colour influences seasonal oxidative damage and testosterone profiles in a songbird." Biology Letters 9, no. 5 (October 23, 2013): 20130539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0539.

Full text

Abstract:

Across diverse taxa, morphological traits mediate social interactions and mate selection. Physiological constraints on signal elaboration have been widely documented, but the potential for trait display to influence physiological state remains poorly understood. We tested for the presence of causal links between ventral plumage colour—a trait known to covary with reproductive performance—and physiological measures in female North American barn swallows, Hirundo rustica erythrogaster . Naturally darker swallows have lower levels of plasma oxidative damage. Females manipulated to display darker ventral plumage during reproduction rapidly decreased oxidative damage, adopting the physiological state of naturally darker individuals. These results support the presence of a social mechanism that links static plumage traits with the physiological state of their bearer during trait advertisement, long after the completion of signal development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Ladyka, V. I., L. M. Hmelnychyi, and S. L. Hmelnychyi. "INFLUENCE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LINEAR CONFORMATION TRAITS CHARACTERIZING THE BODY STATE, ON THE VIABILITY OF COWS UKRAINIAN BROWN DAIRY BREED." Animal Breeding and Genetics 58 (November 29, 2019): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.58.16.

Full text

Abstract:

In the aspect of the search for predictors of longevity of dairy cattle animals, the dependence of longevity of Ukrainian brown dairy cows on indicators of descriptive conformation type traits has been investigated. We studied the linear type traits of the exterior of first-calf cows in the leading farms of the Sumy region, characterizing the state of the body development. According to the results of this research was determined, a reliable dependence of the cows longevity on the level of assessment of the descriptive conformation type traits: chest width, body depth, angularity, rump angle and width, and body condition score. The correlative variability of the relationship between cow’s longevity and these features was depending on the level of assessment of specific type trait of body structure of the animal. Dependence of the cows longevity on the development of chest width was different by curvilinear variability. The longer life of cows was found in animals with an estimate for the development of this type trait at 4–6 scores that averaged 2.726–2.895 days with the best 5 scores. When comparing the group of animals with an average 5 scores with the groups having 6–9 scores, a significant difference was found in favor of the first, ranging from 169 (P < 0.01) to 561 days (P < 0.001). Studies on the dependence of the longevity of brown cattle cows on the value of body depth assessment have shown that the most longevity was inherent in animals estimated by type trait development at 7–9 scores, with the highest rate in 2.856 days and estimate – 7 scores. The type trait of angularity similar to deep-chested and was also directly related to the cow's longevity. Cows with excessive angularity and the highest lifetime (2.713–2.855 days) were estimated by the higher scores (7–9) with the best evaluation results in 8 scores. A significant decrease in cows longevity was observed with a decrease in the assessment for this trait starting from 6 scores (-244 days; P < 0.05) to 1 (-701 days; P < 0.001) compared with the best result of 8 scores. The desired state of the linear trait development, the rump angle, was within the average assessment level of 5 scores, which similar to the optimal sacrum slope between the extreme points on the conditionally drawn line at the level of the top point of hip bones and the ischial hump, which was 2–4 cm. Deviations towards the assessment of the rump angle to 1 score (raised) or 9 scores (sloped) are the disadvantages of the body structure. The study of this trait has shown the curvilinear nature of the relationship between estimates for the state of rump angle and longevity of cows. Cows with an optimal 5 scores rating had the highest longevity of 2.796 days, while with increasing and decreasing estimates, the number of days of life of cows decreased. The longevity of cows of brown cattle was determined on the level of assessment for the trait of the rear width. Cows with a maximum estimate for the state of this descriptive trait in 9 scores were used for 575 days longer compared to animals rated at 1 score (P < 0.001). According to the results of research of animals by the trait of body condition, it was found that the degree of fatness was associated with the longevity of brown cattle in the opposite direction. That is, a thinner animals, which are valued lower scores, and used to live much longer. The influence of body condition score on the longevity of animals was confirmed by the highly reliable difference between the maximum (9 scores) and the minimum (1 score) estimates, which was 457 days (P < 0.001). A significant decrease of the longevity was observed in cows with an assessment of body condition in 6–9 scores. Thus, the existence of a correlative variability between estimates of descriptive traits of conformation type and the longevity of cows of Ukrainian brown breeds was determined. Each of the estimated type traits of the body structure correlates with the longevity of cows with varying variability within the classification scores in accordance with their desired development. Thus, the selection of animals for the desired development of linear traits at the age of the first lactation allows them to be used as indirect predictors to increase the duration of use of cows.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Biron, Michal, Hilla Peretz, and Keren Turgeman-Lupo. "Trait Optimism and Work from Home Adjustment in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considering the Mediating Role of Situational Optimism and the Moderating Role of Cultural Optimism." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 23, 2020): 9773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229773.

Full text

Abstract:

An organization’s capacity to sustain a crisis, and to benefit from work-from-home (WFH) arrangements in routine times, is dependent on its employees’ ability to successfully adjust to WFH conditions. The COVID-19 pandemic, which forced vast numbers of employees worldwide to WFH, provides an unprecedented opportunity to identify factors that facilitate WFH adjustment. Leveraging this opportunity and drawing from theories on person-environment fit and work adjustment, we consider trait optimism as a possible facilitator of WFH adjustment during the pandemic. We further investigate how situational optimism and cultural (country-level) optimism contribute to the relationship between trait optimism and WFH adjustment. Using data from 388 employees in five countries, we find that trait optimism positively relates to WFH adjustment. This relationship is partly mediated by situational expectations regarding health/financial benefits of WFH amid the pandemic. Moreover, trait optimism is more strongly related to WFH adjustment in countries with high (vs. low) cultural optimism. This study addresses the call to investigate whether and how personality traits relate to WFH adjustment. Our findings can improve organizations’ ability to select and train employees who WFH, and to enhance operational resilience to future crises. Managers in global firms can draw from our results to understand how cultural differences affect the ease with which WFH is adopted, and to develop country-specific WFH practices.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Li, Chaonan, Long Li, Matthew P. Reynolds, Jingyi Wang, Xiaoping Chang, Xinguo Mao, and Ruilian Jing. "Recognizing the hidden half in wheat: root system attributes associated with drought tolerance." Journal of Experimental Botany 72, no. 14 (March 30, 2021): 5117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab124.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Improving drought tolerance in wheat is crucial for maintaining productivity and food security. Roots are responsible for the uptake of water from soil, and a number of root traits are associated with drought tolerance. Studies have revealed many quantitative trait loci and genes controlling root development in plants. However, the genetic dissection of root traits in response to drought in wheat is still unclear. Here, we review crop root traits associated with drought, key genes governing root development in plants, and quantitative trait loci and genes regulating root system architecture under water-limited conditions in wheat. Deep roots, optimal root length density and xylem diameter, and increased root surface area are traits contributing to drought tolerance. In view of the diverse environments in which wheat is grown, the balance among root and shoot traits, as well as individual and population performance, are discussed. The known functions of key genes provide information for the genetic dissection of root development of wheat in a wide range of conditions, and will be beneficial for molecular marker development, marker-assisted selection, and genetic improvement in breeding for drought tolerance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Stefanidis, Konstantinos, and Eva Papastergiadou. "Linkages between Macrophyte Functional Traits and Water Quality: Insights from a Study in Freshwater Lakes of Greece." Water 11, no. 5 (May 20, 2019): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051047.

Full text

Abstract:

Freshwater ecologists have shown increased interest in assessing biotic responses to environmental change using functional community characteristics. With this article, we investigate the potential of using functional traits of the aquatic plants to assess eutrophication in freshwater lakes. To this end we collected macrophyte and physicochemical data from thirteen lakes in Greece and we applied a trait-based analysis to first identify discrete groups of macrophytes that share common functional traits and then to assess preliminary responses of these groups to water quality gradients. We allocated 11 traits that cover mostly growth form and morphological characteristics to a total of 33 macrophyte species. RLQ and fourth corner analysis were employed to explore potential relationships between species, trait composition and environmental gradients. In addition, a hierarchical cluster analysis was conducted to discriminate groups of plants that share common trait characteristics and then the position of the groups along the environmental gradients was assessed. The results showed total phosphorus, chlorophyll-a, conductivity, pH and Secchi disk depth as main drivers of the environmental gradients. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed a clear separation of macrophyte assemblages with discrete functional characteristics that appeared to associate with different environmental drivers. Thus, rooted submerged plants were related with higher Secchi disk depth, conductivity and alkalinity whereas rooted floating-leaved plants showed a preference for enriched waters with phosphorus and nitrogen. In addition, free-floating plants were related positively with nitrogen and increased pH. Although we did not identify specific trait patterns with environmental drivers, our findings indicate a differentiation of macrophytes based on their functional characteristics along water quality gradients. Overall, the presented results are encouraging for conducting future monitoring studies in lakes focused on the functional plant trait composition, as expanding the current approach to additional lakes and using quantifiable functional characteristics will provide more insight about the potential of trait-based approaches as ecological assessment systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Roberts, Brent W., and Yusuke Takahashi. "Personality Trait Development in Adulthood: Patterns and Implications." Japanese Journal of Personality 20, no. 1 (2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2132/personality.20.1.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Hudson, Nathan W., Brent W. Roberts, and Jennifer Lodi-Smith. "Personality trait development and social investment in work." Journal of Research in Personality 46, no. 3 (June 2012): 334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2012.03.002.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Schwaba, Ted, and Wiebke Bleidorn. "Personality trait development across the transition to retirement." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 116, no. 4 (April 2019): 651–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000179.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Roberts, Brent W., Megan O'Donnell, and Richard W. Robins. "Goal and Personality Trait Development in Emerging Adulthood." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87, no. 4 (2004): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.87.4.541.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Gordon, Michael S., Murray B. Gordon, Norman K. Hollenberg, and Gordon H. Williams. "Nonmodulating Trait May Precede the Development of Hypertension." American Journal of Hypertension 7, no. 9_Pt_1 (November 1994): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajh/7.9.789.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Trait development'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles