Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traitement de l'eau'
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Roux-de, Balmann Hélène. "Utilisation de l'ultrafiltration dans le traitement de l'eau." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30106.
Full textBalmann, Hélène de. "Utilisation de l'ultrafiltration dans le traitement de l'eau." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611555g.
Full textIndermuhle, Chloé. "Textile lumineux pour le traitement de l'eau par photocatalyse." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10157.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to test luminous textiles in terms of photocatalytic performances in aqueous medium. The durability of textile under long-time UVA irradiation was tested. Results showed the aging of luminous textile coated by TiO2, involving an inhomogeneity of light emission on the overall surface of the textile. A mathematical model was developed to express and predict the aging depending on the time of exposure to UVA. Also, a protective layer of silica allows avoiding the optical fiber aging. In parallel, luminous textiles coated by TiO2 were characterized. The location of SiO2 and TiO2 by ESEM and EDX analysis was shown to be uniform over the surface of optical fibers textiles, except for TiO2 P25 coating, located in clusters. The amount of photocatalyst deposited on the textiles, and the absorbance of the coatings were determined. Moreover, the study of coating adhesion demonstrated excellent adhesion and stability of the photocatalyst layer. Finally, the photocatalytic performances of the different TiO2 coatings were tested for degradation of two model pollutants, formic acid and phenol, in batch reactor. The study of the evolution of the degradation rate with the mass of photocatalyst was used to determine the optimum mass of TiO2 (about 2mg cm-2). Photonic yields ranging from 30 to 55% in the case of formic acid and 6 to 8% in the case of phenol were obtained. A continuous plan pilot reactor confirmed the results and opens the way for a multi-layer configuration, for industrial application
Meyer, Isabelle. "Suivi des sous-produits de la chloration et de leurs précurseurs de l'eau brute à l'eau distribuée." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10431.
Full textHeng, Samuel. "Réacteur catalytique membranaire pour le traitement de l'eau par ozonation." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20128.
Full textA novel double membrane reactor was constructed and tested for continuous water and wastewater treatment by ozonation. The coupling of membrane separation and ozonation in the same reactor was found to significantly enhance the degradation of the selected model organic pollutant, while preventing fouling of the zeolite membrane. In parallel, an original ozonation method has been developed for removing the organic template from the zeolite membrane pores. This low temperature activation method results in higher quality membranes compared to traditional activation methods. Additionally, catalysts commonly reported in the literature to be active for ozonation were prepared and tested. The results demonstrated that gamma alumina and alumina supported catalysts do not have a real catalytic activity. The observed enhancement of organic removal during catalytic ozonation is mainly due to the contribution of adsorption and possibly to metal leaching from the catalyst
Legay, Cécile. "Ozonation catalytique des polluants organiques pour le traitement de l'eau." Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT100G.
Full textBadoil, Laurent. "Caractérisation de la matière organique dédiée au traitement de l'eau." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066334.
Full textPabst, Jean-Yves. "Traitement de l'eau et approvisionnement des populations en situation de catastrophe." Strasbourg 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR15069.
Full textRaymond, Pierre. "Amélioration d'un traitement électrolytique de l'eau par une commande automatique : réalisation industrielle." Mulhouse, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MULH0033.
Full textRaymond, Pierre. "Amélioration d'un traitement électrolytique de l'eau par une commande automatique réalisation industrielle /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376092154.
Full textOrta, de Velasquez Maria Teresa. "Élimination des micropolluants dans les filières d'ozonation du traitement de l'eau potable." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN10088.
Full textWlodarczyk, Damien. "Elaboration contrôlée de membranes à base de chitosane pour le traitement de l'eau." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS271/document.
Full textThe Ph-D work presented in this manuscript aims to develop a new process for elaborate chitosan membranes for treatment of acidic media containing metal ions. Soluble In acidic aqueous media, gelation occurs when the pH becomes basic, allowing elaboration of membrane without the use of organic solvents unlike classical synthetic polymers. Moreover, this Ph-D work has focused on an original process enzymatic gelation which the in-situ gelation of chitosan solution allows a controlled structuration of the membrane unlike conventional processes which leads to a front gelling.A study of gelation time as a function of the elaboration parameters (temperature and urea concentration) highlighted that only the temperature is a main parameter on gelation time since the urea concentration is not limiting. A model was developed to describe the chitosan enzymatic gelation in order to understand mechanisms of reaction kinetics and transfers during the gel formation.Chitosan membranes have been prepared by enzymatic process, the porosity of such membranes have been generated with a blowing agent (PEG 6000) and an acetylation of chitosan having yielded insoluble membranes in acid medium. The resulting membranes were characterized by their morphology and functional properties (filtration, sorption of Cu (II) as model metal element)
Ho, van Son. "Cristallisation d'hydrates de cyclopentane en présence de l'eau salée et de dioxyde de carbone pour le traitement et le dessalement de l'eau." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02949575.
Full textThis thesis is an effort to fulfill the gap in the literature on cyclopentane (CP) hydrates for desalination and water treatment applications. Accordingly, it begins with a comprehensive review on Cyclopentane hydrates for hydrate-based treatment processes. This literature work covers all aspects of thermodynamics, kinetics, morphology, hydrate phase properties, and the recent use of Cyclopentane hydrates in desalting process that require to develop an advanced and sustainable technique via hydrate crystallization. Some challenges to overcome in the long term, and critical perspective suggestions are also addressed. A short conclusion is that cyclopentane hydrates, with additives, could be a candidate for desalination. Then, new thermodynamic equilibrium of cyclopentane hydrates are provided, in pure water and in presence of different electrolyte systems including NaCl, KCl, NaCl-KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, MgCl2-NaCl, MgCl2-NaCl-KCl, or Na2SO4. Results have been modelled with four approaches. The first is based on the standard freezing point depression (SFPD) equation. The second is based on Hu-Lee-Sum (HLS) correlation. The two others are based on van de Waals and Platteeuw model: either with the use of Kihara potential, or a simple correlation between water activity and the hydrate stoichiometry. The last one simulates the experimental results within 0.2°C uncertainty. Moreover, salt crystallization has been achieved, opening the possibility for product recovery with hydrate crystallization.Besides, the crystallization mechanisms, crystals growth rates, and morphology of cyclopentane hydrates crystals in pure water and in the presence of various salts (NaCl, NaCl-MgCl2, NaCl-KCl-MgCl2, or Na2SO4) have also been studied. A non-agitated reactor cell, connected to a microscope, has been employed, as well as different experimental conditions (subcooling and salinity).Finally, equilibrium data of binary CP+CO2 hydrates in pure water and in the presence of three electrolyte solutions (KCl, NaCl, and NaCl-KCl) are provided. Such results are interesting in the development of combined hydrate-based desalination and CO2 capture. Accordingly, an isochoric method is applied in a batch-mode reactor. A thermodynamic simulation tool based on van der Waals and Platteeuw approach and Kihara potential approach is utilized to reproduce equilibrium
Belkacem, Mohamed. "Nouvelle méthodologie dans le traitement des huiles de coupe par ultrafiltration." Toulouse, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAT0012.
Full textBouland, Sandrine. "Etude et suivi des ions bromate au cours du traitement de potabilisation de l'eau." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112181.
Full textThe object of this study is to evaluate the impact of drinking water treatment under usual exploitation conditions, on bromate and bromide concentrations in three waterworks upstream Paris. An analytical method based on ionic chromatography coupled with a conductivity detector was developed. The quantification limit of bromate and bromide is 2 and 5 æg/L respectively. The results obtained show that preozonation doesn't play a role in bromate formation. Bromate ions are formed during post-ozonation and are introduced during the chlorination step. Bromate concentrations encountered in drinking water produced by these three waterworks exceed the quality parameters fixed by French regulation, especially in summer. Studies were therefore realised in the plants to minimize bromate formation. The results show the difficulty or even the impossibility to reach the objective. The last part of the study is dedicated to the impact of amino acids (glycine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and isoleucine) on bromate formation. The first results show that the impact of amino acid seems to depend on amino acid/bromide molar ratio, pH and on the nature of the amino acid
Costache, Mongrand Corina. "Etude d'un système lampe à décharge-alimentation -réacteur : application au traitement tertiaire de l'eau." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30209.
Full textBoursiac, Yann. "Mécanismes de régulation du transport d'eau dans la racine d'Arabidopsis thaliana : effets d'un traitement par le sel et le péroxyde d'hydrogène sur la fonction des aquaporines." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20194.
Full textWater uptake by roots plays a central role in the regulation of plant water status. The root water permeability (root hydraulic conductivity; Lpr) is regulated by many environmental conditions such as drought or nutrient deficiency. At the molecular level, water channels named aquaporins contribute to a large part of the overall Lpr (> 70% in Arabidopsis thaliana). However, the mechanisms for aquaporin regulation in plants and their role in the modulation of Lpr by environmental stresses are still poorly understood. The aim of this thesis was to unravel novel molecular and cellular mechanisms of aquaporin regulation in the context of water transport modulation in the root of Arabidopsis. For this, Lpr regulation was studied in two distinct physiological situations, salt stress (NaCl) and exposure of roots to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here we show that a salt treatment (100 mM NaCl) can inhibit Lpr by 35% in 40 min and by up to 70% after 3 h. Aquaporins expression was regulated in parallel to this at, at least, three levels : the abundance of transcripts and proteins and the subcellular localisation of the latter. Whereas these mechanisms may explain the long term (> 4 h) regulation of Lpr by salt, other types of regulation, by post-translational modifications for instance, might be involved in the early response (< 2 h) of the root. In another study, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other ROS were identified as powerful inhibitors of Lpr by up to 80% in a few minutes. Unexpectedly, the action of ROS on the aquaporin activity was not mediated by a direct oxidation gating mechanism, but rather involved the activation of signalling pathways in which external calcium and protein kinases played an important role. From this and other works, we conclude that, as central molecules in the response of plants to environmental stresses, H2O2 and other ROS could be major regulators of Lpr. In conclusion, this work uncovered signalisation pathways and multiple levels for regulation of aquaporin expression which contribute to a chain of events from the perception of environmental stress to the molecular regulation of root water transport
Durbec, Jean-Pierre. "Traitement statistique des données en océanologie biologique : modèles adaptés à l' "in situ" et à l'expérimentation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX22012.
Full textSoubsol, David. "Diffusion acoustique vers l'avant d'objets élastiques immergés dans l'eau." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMLH17/document.
Full textForward acoustic scattering for solid spherical and LINE (limited cylinder bounded by hemispherical endcaps) objects immersed in water in bistatic configuration is the topic of this study. First, bistatic configuration analysis is carried out for a spherical object whose analytical theory has already been developped. Experimental and theoretical angular diagrams show, for differents frequencies, a peak of strong amplitude located in the shadow area. After the temporal analysis for a solid sphere in the shadow area, two important echoes revealing at least two different kind of waves are isolated. Then, the waves mainly responsible for these echoes are then identified comparing experimental results and theretical calculations. These are the Franz wave F0 and the whispering gallery wave l=2. Their propagation velocities on the object are calculated experimentally. Considering a solid LINE excited axially, on its spherical part, it is interesting to note that the physical mechanisms responsible for the wave generation are the same than for a solid sphere. It is then possible to find for a axially excited solid LINE the same kind of waves than for a solid sphere. Others waves are then identified (mainly caused by parasite difraction and by the cylinder/hemispherical discontinuity of the LINE). At last, the caracterization of the LINE as an acoustic target by the mean of a numerical simulation is performed, first with the target strenght standard, and then with the Rsn criterion. This last number allow us to assess the resonating contributions of the object and then to establish a map of resonance contributions
Guionet, Alexis. "La décontamination bactérienne de l'eau par impulsions électriques ultracourtes." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2519/.
Full textSince Sale and Hamilton, many effects of electric field pulse on microorganisms have been described. One of the first applications that has been performed was cell electroporation to allow plasmid transfection through the plasma membrane. This is the main method for gene transfer. Another application field leads in liquid food decontamination. However, the technology able to give these results in terms of decontamination needs, for low electric field amplitude, the use of pulses with a long duration period inducing higher energy consumption. This had been shown for milk, fruit juice and wine decontamination. The mechanisms by which pulsed electric field (PEF) with duration at the level of the millisecond (ms) or the microsecond (µs) acts, are well described and affect the lipid bilayer. The goal of the thesis is to study the possibility of using nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) to decontaminate water in industrial processes. A high voltage generator able to provide nanosecond pulses has been associated with an applicator which consists in 2 flat electrodes to generate an homogeneous electric field in water. These devices were tested first in batch and then flow on bacterial suspensions (Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1) grown in the laboratory. The use of more efficient generators and optimization of flow requirements helped to drastically improve the decontamination efficiency and the overall processing speed. It has also been shown that it is possible to determine by calculation, the speed of decontamination of such a system, based on characteristics of generators and the parameters of fluidics. If this work did not bring the development of an industrial scale prototype, the guidelines allowing the passage of the method for laboratory scale to industrial scale have been given
Tibi, Laurence. "L'hémodialyse en pédiatrie et le traitement de l'eau pour hémodialyse à l'hôpital Robert Debré AP-HP." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P205.
Full textHADJ, SADOK MOHAMED ZAKARIA. "Modelisation et estimation dans les bioeacteurs ; prise en compte des incertitudes : application au traitement de l'eau." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5354.
Full textDreux, Frédéric. "Modification des propriétés barrière à l'eau et au toluène d'un polyamide 12 par traitement plasma froid." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES022.
Full textHelmi, Karim. "Application de la cytométrie en flux pour le contrôle microbiologique de l'efficacité de traitement de l'eau." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0822/document.
Full textThe water microbiological quality control is a major issue in health and economic terms. The effectiveness of treatments applied is currently tested using culture-based standard methods. However, their application leads to a partial view of the microbial population present in a sample and within a period that is not compatible with the required responsiveness concerning water management.The present work aims to demonstrate that the application of flow cytometry for microbiological monitoring of drinking water treatment plants and cooling tower circuits represents an alternative approach to regulatory and conventional methods used in this field. Particular attention was paid to being able to quantify total and viable cells and be able to identify the impact of different chemical and/or physical treatment (ozone, UV, oxidizing biocides) on a microbial cell. The calibration process and the joint use of various fluorescent dyes including SYBR Green II, propidium iodide and ChemChrome V6 have achieved this double objective. Furthermore, three different flow cytometric systems have been used according to the studies comprising the FACSCaliburTM, FACSCantoTM and ACCURITM C6.Given the results, flow cytometry appears as an asset in the field of rapid diagnostic for treatment efficiency due to its ease of use, short time to result (1 hour) and the information provided related to the microbial population (impact on membrane, genetic material or metabolism)
Esmilaire, Roseline. "Matériaux membranaires en TiO₂ sous-stœchiométrique pour le traitement de l'eau par procédé électrochimique d'oxydation avancée." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT182.
Full textThis project aims to contribute to the sustainable management of water as an essential natural resource, through the development of an innovative technology based on the coupling of a baromembranar filtration process and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOP) in order to mineralize very stable organic molecules.Since these bio-refractory pollutants cannot be totally degraded by common oxidants (biological, O3, Cl2, H2O2), advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are thus considered. In electrochemistry, these hydroxyl radicals can be generated by water oxidation on carbon cathodes by the electro-Fenton process or on anode showing high oxygen evolution overvoltage like sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide and Boron Doped Diamond (BDD).This work deals with the development and characterization of tubular filtration membranes composed of the most conductive Magnéli phases: Ti4O7 and Ti5O9. These materials can be used in anodic oxidation process with lower manufacturing cost compared to BDD. Microfiltration tubular membranes composed of these phases were prepared with the support of CREE (Research Group of Saint-Gobain). They were elaborated by carbothermal reduction of TiO2, which is very innovative compared to dihydrogen reduction. TinO2n-1 powders (with 3 ≤ n ≤ 5) of controlled grain size were elaborated by electrofusion of TiO2 powder and coke followed by grinding. These powders were further used at the European Institute of Membranes to formulate stable suspensions of particles to prepare thin solid films of low microfiltration, by dip-coating or slip-casting. We also propose an original method for the production of thin layers of TinO2n-1 (n to be defined) by sol-gel route followed by a thermal treatment to obtain ultra or nanofiltration active layers. After optimization, those materials have shown their efficiency towards the degradation of bio-refractory compounds such as pharmaceutics (Paracetamol) when used as electrochemical reactive membranes either in static (beaker) or in dynamic mode (filtration pilot). The next step will focus on the coupling of the anodic oxidation and the baromembranar filtration processes using the reactive developed membranes. From first results, this technology appears really promising for the treatment of bio-refractory pollutants in water. This thesis was financially supported by the National Research Agency (NRA) within the framework of the ECO-TS program, the CElectrON project
Castillo, Rivera Luis Antonio (1970. "Etude d'effluents difficilement biodégradables : caractérisation et traitement par procédés d'oxydation avancée (POA)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11060.
Full textBoulfani-Cuisinaud, Yasmine. "Compression au fil de l'eau de séquences de maillages 3D par analyse multirésolution." Nice, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NICE4080.
Full textWe propose in this thesis two approaches for geometric compression of 3D dynamic meshes computing on the fly multiresolution analysis. As a first compression approach, the encoder TWC (Temporal wavelet Coding) is proposed, including a temporal wavelet transforms implemented by several lifting schemes. The subbands of the wavelet transforms are encoded thanks to a bit allocation giving the optimal quantization steps, by optimizing the rate-distorstion trade-off. A second compression approach is proposed, called MCTWC (Motion Compensated Temporal Wavelet Coding). It is based on the motion compensated wavelet transform. An automatic motion-based segmentation technique is proposed using z region growing approach : the vertices that follow the same affine motion belong to a same cluster. A motion estimation / compensation is then applied to each cluster of the partition to obtain a cluster-based motion compensation sequence. Then, a wavelet-based lifting scheme is applied. Experimentally, the encoder MCTWC including motion compensation improves significantly the compression performances compared to the encoder TWC which does not include this feature. Also, compared to some state of the art encoders, the proposed coders do not depend on the geometric characteristics of the mesh sequences, permit a low computational complexity multiresolution analysis, and offer features like temporal scalability and streaming
Bonnin, Christophe. "Les sources de nuisances olfactives dans les stations de traitement des eaux residuaires et leur traitement par lavage à l'eau chlorée en milieu basique." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN10152.
Full textTacla, César Augusto. "De l'utilité des systèmes multi-agents pour l'acquisition des connaissances au fil de l'eau." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1473.
Full textStavrakakis, Christophe. "Analyse et évolution de perturbateurs endocriniens en épuration et traitement des eaux." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2105.
Full textIn this study, two chemical families are studied: steroid hormones and alkylphenolic compounds. For each one, a LC-MS/MS protocol preceded by a solid phase extraction is developed. Steroid concentrations in the environment being often close to the method limitations, a fine statistical validation of the method is performed in a water with constant proprieties, allowing the analysis in a complex matrix. An additional purification step is developed for these compounds leading to Limits of Detection (LOD) lower than 0. 3 ng. L-1. In the case of phenolic compounds, no additional purification step was developed and the LOD in complex matrixes are lower than 11 ng. L-1. Concentration measurements indicate the presence of some phenolic compounds at the trace level in drinking water which is lower than the minimum toxic concentration. Investigation in a WWTP (Nantes) show the overall removal rate are higher than 90 % for steroid hormones but lower than 55 % for the phenolic compounds. Then the removal of 17 ‑estradiol (E2) and bisphenol A (BPA) in an activated sludge tank is studied. The results show an easy biodegradation for both compounds. However, the time to begin the assimilation of BPA is twice longer than the time to begin the assimilation of E2. Then, three Granular Activated Carbons (GACs) are tested by performing kinetics and isotherms, showing the efficiency of the process (adsorption capacities between 77 µg. Mg-1 and 223 µg. Mg-1 are obtained)
Mai, Zhaohuan. "Procédés membranaires pour le traitement de l'eau, étude et modélisation des interctions entre membranes et composés organiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00969165.
Full textBourrel, Sylvie. "Estimation et commande d'un procédé à paramètres répartis utilisé pour le traitement biologique de l'eau à potabiliser." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30191.
Full textPsaume, Rémi. "Application de la pervaporation au traitement de l'eau potable : elimination de derives halogenes a l'etat de traces." Toulouse, INSA, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ISAT0044.
Full textPsaume, Rémi. "Application de la pervaporation au traitement de l'eau potable élimination de dérivés halogènes à l'état de traces /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376090921.
Full textPellet, Victor. "Télédétection satellite du cycle de l'eau. De l'optimisation du traitement des observations à l'intégration des produits restitués." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS277.
Full textSatellite observation offers the unique opportunity for global coverage and continuous temporal monitoring in meteorology and climatology. However, there are many difficulties in their exploitation, which requires the use of optimization techniques at the different steps of their processing. This thesis will deal with two questions: (1) the processing of satellite data before the restitution, and (2) the integration of the multiple satellite products available. A new approach for channel compression/selection (Bottlenecks Channels) is proposed to reduce the dimension of hyperspectral data (in the infrared with the IASI instrument and in microwaves for a new sounder concept). A new scheme is also developed to integrate multiple satellite products for the study of the water cycle (surface, ocean and atmosphere). This integration approach makes the components of the water cycle more coherent to each other. It is presented here in the context of the Mediterranean water cycle
Parada, Robert. "Étalonnage en vol des capteurs couleur de l'eau sur des cibles sombres." Littoral, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DUNK0013.
Full textThe ability to conduct in-flight absolute radiometric calibrations of ocean color sensors will determine their usefulness in the decade to come. On-board calibration systems are often integrated into the overall design of such sensors and have claimed uncertainty levels below 5%. Independent means of system calibration are needed to confirm that the sensor is accurately calibrated Vicarious (i. E. Ground-referencing) methods are an attractive way to conduct this verification. This research describes the development of in-flight absoluteradiometric calibration methods which reference dark (i. E. Low-reflectance) sites. The high sensitivity of ocean color sensors results in saturation over bright surfaces. Low-reflectance targets, such as water bodies, are therefore required for their vicarious calibration. Sensitivity analyses of the reflectance-based and radiance-based techniques, when applied to a water target, are performed. Uncertainties in atmospheric parameters, surface reflectance measurements, and instrument characterization are evaluated for calibrations of a representative ocean color sensor. Reflectance-based uncertainties range between 8. 4% at 0. 412 micrometers and 4. 0% at 0. 865 micrometers ; corresponding radiance-based uncertainties range between 12. 3% and 23. 9%. These studies indicate that better characterization of aerosol parameters is required and that radiometer pointing accuracy must be improved to make the radiance-based method useful. The uncertainty estimates are evaluated using data from a field campaign at Lake Tahoe in June, 1995. This lake is located on the California-Nevada border and has optical characteristics similar to oceanic waters. Aircraft-based radiance data and surface measurements of water reflectance are used to calibrate visible and near infrared bands of the Airbone Visible/InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). The vicariously-derived calibration coefficients are compared to those obtained from a laboratory-based calibration of AVIRIS. The results agree at the 2-6% level for the reflectance-based method indicating that the believed reflectance-based method uncertainties may be overestimated. Finally, as a consequence of this research, the testing and refinement of radiative transfer codes applicable to oceanic environments is accomplished. These modifications lead to an improvement in the prediction of top-of-atmosphere radiances over water targets
Mohamed, Ali Antoissi. "Etude d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée couplé plasma non thermique/carbone activé fonctionnalisé pour le traitement d'herbicides dans l'eau." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ORLE1004.
Full textHerbicides are among the most common and dangerous contaminants found in aquatic environments. These pollutants can have carcinogenic and mutagenic effects on humans. They also pose potential dangers to the environment. It is therefore necessary to develop innovative treatment processes. Among these, Non-Thermal Plasmas (NTP) can be used effectively. NTP are capable to generate oxidizing species (HO°, O3, O°, H2O2, etc.), with high oxidation potentials, which can react with organic molecules in water. However, these treatments are not always sufficient. One of the solutions being studied is to couple plasma with activated carbons (AC). This work presents the study of targeted herbicide treatment (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and glyphosate) and the main glyphosate metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) by non-thermal plasma (NTP) coupled with AC. Initially, the study focused on the treatment of 2,4-D in order to implement the processes on a pollutant that has already been studied with other treatment processes. The obtained results shows a strong synergistic effect of the NTP/AC coupling. The best coupling was obtained by associating NTP with Fe-L27 AC, allowing a complete degradation and a high mineralization of 65% for a 2,4-D solution (with a concentration of 50 ppm) for a treatment time of 120 minutes. During alone NTP treatments, for the same treatment time, the degradation rate was 79% with no mineralization. The various analyses carried out confirmed that the observed degradation and mineralization were actually linked to a catalytic effect of the AC and not due to adsorption. After validating of the synergistic effects of the coupled process, the thesis work continued by studing the NTP/Fe-AC coupling for the treatment of glyphosate and AMPA to assess the process's ability to be generalized to treat other herbicides in natural matrices. Complete degradation was achieved after 120 minutes of treatment for glyphosate and 180 minutes of treatment for AMPA and a complete mineralization of the treated solution after 240 minutes for the treatment of a glyphosate/AMPA mixture (20 ppm/10 ppm)
Rodriguez, Garcia Adrian. "Etude de la congélation comme technique de traitement des eaux : applications spécifiques." Toulouse, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAT0022.
Full textThis manuscript is about the wastewater treatment by freezing. This study aims to propose a new process of wastewater treatment, which is simple and adapted to all effluent types. The first part of this research concerns the development of the new process of treatment. A treatment method based on the principle of freezing has been studied and optimized. This method is based on the fact that when an aqueous solution is frozen, the formed ice crystals consist of pure water and the pollutant concentrates in the residual liquid phase. The products of separation by freezing are thus, a solid phase of pure ice, which can be recycled according to its purity and a concentrated liquid phase which can either be incinerated or re-used according to its composition. Results show that the proposed method is perfectly adapted to the elimination of the soluble and insoluble pollutants. It also allows obtaining very high efficiencies of purification, most of the cases higher than 80%. The second part of the study shows the interest of this new treatment process in seawater desalination, as well as in the treatment of complex industrial wastewater, particularly of oil industry and textile industry. The proposed treatment method presents advantages of being an applicable process in a general way to the diverse wastewater types. In addition, it can be easily adapted in the logic of treatment of these industries. In the same way, some ground tests in a winter sports resort showed the interest of the natural cold to purify urban wastewater by freezing with very high efficiencies, higher than 80%. The last part of this research made it possible to simulate the use of the continuous crystallization Bremband process for an industrial application of the freezing process in wastewater treatment by using the natural cold like a source of energy
Ghauch, Antoine. "Nouvelles techniques analytiques spectrométriques et traitement de polluants spécifiques présents dans l'environnement." Chambéry, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CHAMS015.
Full textPizay-Parenty, Marie-Dominique. "Bassins de lagunage d'Aniche-Auberchicourt (Nord) : cinétiques saisonnières et spatiales du zooplancton et des descripteurs de la qualité de l'eau." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10004.
Full textDe, Boutray Marie-Laure. "Les cyanobactéries et leurs toxines dans les sources d’eau potable." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1069/document.
Full textThe increase of toxic cyanobacterial blooms in source waters that can lead to breakthrough into drinking water treatments plants is a worldwide concern. The use of in situ probes allows for the detection of cyanobacterial phycocyanin through fluorescence. It is an innovative technology becoming more widely used. However, to facilitate the implementation of this technology, it must be validated. Several sources of interferences can lead to biases in their application. The objectives of this research are to :1. characterize the dominant species and cyanobacterial succession in two large lakes used for drinking water production2. analyse the variability of cyanobacterial species as well as other groups of phytoplankton as a function of temperature and nutrients3. validate cyanobacterial monitoring by fluorometric probe in drinking water sources by correcting the signal for other groups of phytoplanktonThe results of this research have shown that there are many sources of interference in fluorescence probes, but that a correction factor can be used to prevent the overestimation of cyanobacteria. Following the validation of the probe, it was used to improve our understanding of the dynamics of phytoplankton succession in Missisquoi Bay in order to characterize the dominant species and succession to improve the operation of drinking water treatment at Missisquoi Bay. Among the interesting findings was the earlier apparition of cyanobacteria throughout the years, Micocystis sp. blooms and blooms co-dominated by Chroococcales and Nostocales. The development of cyanobacterial blooms dominated by Aphanizomenon sp. or Dolichospermum sp. was generally preceded by a period where the water body was limited in nitrogen, which favours the development of these species capable of fixing nitrogen
Telegang, Chekem Cedric. "Matériaux carbonés multifonctionnels à porosité contrôlée à partir des ressources végétales tropicales : application au traitement de l'eau par photocatalyse." Thesis, Perpignan, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PERP0026/document.
Full textAdsorption/photodegradation dual property of AC-TiO2 composites materials towards biorefractory pollutants is a promising issue for solar water treatment. In this work, AC-TiO2 hybrid materials have been synthesized through 03 novel routes based on the conversion of typical biomasses, abundantly found in the subsaharian African sunny areas. Biomasses pyrolysis derived activated carbon (AC) developed a porous structure which is modified differently according to the method used to fix TiO2 nanoparticules (TiO2-NPs). AC impregnated with a sol containing TiO2-NPs suspension provides the derived composite material (CAT.SX) with TiO2-NPs regularly deposited at the “external surface”, leading to a good coupling of adsorption/photodegradation activities towards phenol elimination in 100 mg.L-1 polluted water, carried out on lab scale experiments. Pore/surface area network is less developed on composites obtained after in situ fixation of TiO2-NPs on TiO2 gel impregnated AC (CAT.GX), or obtained after direct pyrolysis of TiO2-NPs impregnated biomass (CAT.SBX) – which infers lesser decontamination performances for these two latter families of catalysts. Pollutant elimination kinetics curves depicted after recycling of CAT.SX over several running water treatment was simulated with a suitable mathematical model which takes into consideration the dual functionalities of the elaborated material. The established model is a promising attempt for future dimensioning of real solar water treatment plants, operating in sunny areas with the new composite catalysts
Grégori, Thierry. "Influence de l'hydrodynamique sur les performances d'épuration d'un réacteur biologique de traitement d'effluents industriels : cas de l'eau de cokerie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL128N.
Full textThe optimisation of the performance of the industrial waste water treatment by activated sludge, requires a good knowledge of the biological processes used. The main problem of industrial waste water treatment is the influent component toxicity. The objective of this work is to present a study about, influence of aeration basin hydrodynamic on the filtering performances of coke oven waste water treatment. The two principal pollutants are phenol and thiocyanate. The comparison of the fonctionning of two different aeration basins (1 CSTR of 20 litres and 5 CSTR’s of 4 litres each in series), shows the great influence of water Residence Time Distribution on pollutant degradation. Due to the toxic character of the influent, the higher stability is obtained in single CSTR, where the toxicity is quickly diluted. So, for this kind of industrial influent, a single CSTR, for the aeration basin, is the more capable waste water treatment plant to have a good removal pollution efficiency, and, particularly to absorb the variations of pollutant concentrations in the influent. Howewer, the study in the 5 CSTR’s in series shows that, the main pollutants (phenol, and, thiocyanate) are sequentially degraded, with an inhibition of thiocyanate degradation by residual phenol concentration. All the experimental results, have permitted to determinate kinetic parameters. At last, a new type of bio-reactor, CSTR’s in series with counter-lfow feeding, is studied. It allows, to obtained in continuous, an adapted biomass for toxic influent biodegration
Gumuchian, Diane. "Développement et étude d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée de traitement de l'eau pour composés organiques résistants par couplage plasma/catalyse." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066577/document.
Full textThis work enabled the development of a method of water treatment by plasma/catalysis coupling.The plasma treatments were carried out in two different reactors: a point/plane reactor and a dynamic reactor.Both reactors allow to control the gas atmosphere of the treatment. The feasibility of the degradation of aceticacid has been proven. Some processing parameters in the point/plane reactor (treatment gas, gas flow rate andfrequency of discharge) and the dynamic reactor (liquid phase flow, concentration of the pollutant and injectedpower) were studied.A modeling of the process using Comsol Multiphysics and Scilab softwares was conducted. It was possible toobserve the importance of the way active species (mainly hydroxyl radicals) are brought to the solution.A Co3O4 powder catalyst was studied in order to couple the plasma treatment with a catalytic treatment. Thus,manipulations of catalytic ozonation were conducted. They highlighted the efficiency of the catalyst for thedecomposition of pollutants.Finally, the plasma/catalysis coupling produced promising results, since it improved the decomposition ofpollutants.Possible improvements of the process could be to maximize the amount of high voltage electrodes and toredesign their shape (electrodes in parallel, plane geometry, etc.). Depositing a thin layer of catalyst on thegrounded electrode by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique has to be performed
Lelong, Anthony. "Élaboration et caractérisation de couches minces nanocomposites cuivre/carbone : application à la dégradation de colorant en solution aqueuse." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0007/document.
Full textThe treatment of industrial wastewater is an issue for the society. For instance, used dyes in manufactured products are pollutants for our waters sources. The thesis work focuses on dye degradation by thin films of copper/carbon nanocomposite. Our nanocomposites have been elaborated through a plasma method by a cathodic sputtering in reactive atmosphere of cyclohexane (hybrid process of PVD/PECVD). Studies by optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy have been carried out in order to analyze the plasma during the deposition. After elaboration, our thin films have been characterized from a structural (morphology and microstructure), electrical and optical point of view as a function of deposit parameters. In this work, we used indigo carmine as a pollutant. The dye belongs to the indigoid family and is commonly used for the blue color of jeans. The degradation of this dye in aqueous solutions has been monitored by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Our nanocomposites have been able to discolour solutions by halogen lamp illumination or during moderate heating. The investigation focused on the thermal aspects of this phenomenon as a function of several parameters (temperature, initial concentration,…) with the help of thermodynamic models such as Arrhenius and Eyring. To justify the degradation of the dye, an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer has been used. It revealed that the molecule of indigo carmine underwent a loss of mass and that our materials perform as catalysts
Suthin, Jamlong. "Contribution à l'étude des colonnes à pulvérisations : application au dégazage du CO2 dissous dans l'eau." Toulouse, INSA, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ISAT0030.
Full textBouchareb, Yassine. "Apport des méthodes de traitement de l'image pour la quantification de la perfusion myocardique à l'eau marquée en Tomographie par Emission de Positons (TEP)." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD15.
Full textEly, Abdellahi. "Synthèse et propriétés de biosorbants à base d’argiles encapsulées dans des alginates : application au traitement des eaux." Limoges, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIMO4023.
Full textThe development of low cost and eco-friendly processes in water treatment has received a worldwide interest especially in South countries. Aim of this work was the development of environmentally friendly biopolymer (alginate) microbeads including clays (industrial or Mauritanian) or activated carbon for the adsorption of cationic species and organic compounds. One of the main result was the simultaneous adsorption of Cu(II) and 4-nitrophenol by the mixed microbeads; adsorption of the organic compound is attributed to the clay or the activated carbon while the alginate is a good adsorbent for the cationic species. Additivity of the adsorption properties (alginate+clay or alginate+activated carbon) was observed when studying copper adsorption. In contrast the adsorption of nitrophenol by clays or activated carbon was diminished by the encapsulation. Nor the presence of 4-NP or copper influence the adsorption of the other pollutant except on clays or alginate/clays microbeads; in this case, adsorption of 4-NP is reduced by the presence of copper in the solution. This work confirms the interest of using eco-friendly biopolymers microbeads encapsulating low-cost adsorbents for the treatment of effluents containing different classes of pollutants
Séguret, Frédéric. "Etude de l'hydrodynamique des procédés de traitement des eaux usées à biomasse fixée - application aux lits bactériens et aux biofiltres." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080989.
Full textBen, Sghaier Rafika. "Perturbateurs endocriniens dans le milieu aquatique : développement analytique et faisabilité de traitement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10126/document.
Full textThe occurrence of endocrine-disrupting compounds in the aquatic environment has brought increasing concern due to their potential adverse impacts on ecosystems and humans. These compounds are generally present in complex water matrices, such as surface waters at trace levels (ng/L) making their analysis difficult. In this work, an analytical method for the simultaneous determination of 13 endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including 5 steroid estrogens, 1 progestogen, 1 androgen and 6 endocrine-disrupting phenols in water was developed using solid phase extraction (SPE), derivatization and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).The method was validated by spiking the 13 EDCs to the interest matrix. The limits of quantification were 1 ng/L and 5-50 ng/L for phenolic compounds and hormones respectively. The validated method was applied to assess the contamination level of the targeted EDCs in many sites in Northern France and in Tunisia. The majority of the considered compounds were detected in the different sampling sites. The last part of this work is the feasibility study for the elimination of PE by adsorption techniques on modified brick residues and bio-remediation by blue-green algae (SPIRULINA)