Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traitement de la couche applicative'
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Foussekis, Dimitri. "Traitement du décollement en régime instationnaire : application aux éoliennes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22080.
Full textTrabé, Patrick. "Infrastructure réseau coopérative et flexible de défense contre les attaques de déni de service distribué." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30288.
Full textThe goal of Distributed Denial of Service attacks (DDoS) is to prevent legitimate users from using a service. The availability of the service is attacked by sending altered packets to the victim. These packets either consume a large part of networks bandwidth, or create an artificial consumption of victim’s key resources such as memory or CPU. DDoS’ filtering is still an important problem for network operators since illegitimate traffics look like legitimate traffics. The discrimination of both classes of traffics is a hard task. Moreover DDoS victims are not limited to end users (e. G. Web server). The network is likely to be attacked itself. The approach presented in this thesis is pragmatic. Firstly it seeks to control dynamic and distributed aspects of DDoS. Secondly it looks for protecting legitimate traffics and the network against collateral damages. Thus we propose a distributed infrastructure of defense based on nodes dedicated to the analysis and the filtering of the illegitimate traffic. Each node is associated with one POP router or interconnection router in order to facilitate its integration into the network. These nodes introduce the required programmability through open interfaces. The programmability offers applicative level packets processing, and thus treatments without collateral damages. A prototype has been developed. It validates our concepts
Guerch, Kévin. "Etude des propriétés physiques et électriques de matériaux céramiques utilisés en application spatiale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30174.
Full textDielectric materials used on satellites are subject to radiative and thermal extreme stresses which may lead to disturbances on board instrumentation. The application efficiency can then decrease significantly due to charging and aging effects of used ceramics. With the aim to understand and predict these phenomena, the mechanisms investigation of charges transport and electrical aging on these ceramics is of high importance. The scientific approach of this study was to define a protocol and an experimental method which allows characterising the electrical and physico-chemical behaviours of raw boron nitride and coated with a thin coating of alumina. For this purpose, a parametric study was performed in the irradiation chamber, named CEDRE (at ONERA Toulouse) in order to assess the influence of some parameters such as, incident energy, primary electron flux, temperature, ionising dose, on charging, relaxation and electrical aging kinetics of these industrial ceramics. This study demonstrated that it is possible to greatly limit the dielectrics charging thanks to the use of a ceramic coating and suitable annealing thermal treatment. Indeed, the high secondary electron emission of alumina and the increase of surface conductivity generated by the annealing thermal treatment partly govern the low surface potential of coated boron nitride. Some alumina coating were subsequently elaborated through PVD-RF and then characterised in the irradiation chamber in order to identify the preparation parameters which allow optimising the electrical properties of system. It was shown that the optimisation of the roughness and the coating thickness limits the surface potential of ceramics. An experimental study was conducted in the frame of an international collaboration with the Materials Physics Group of the Utah State University (Logan, USA), in order to investigate the influence of nature and densities of electron defects on the electrical properties of different ceramics. The cathodoluminescence method was used and brought to light the origin of total conductivity difference between materials, raw, coated and annealed. A new method to measure the surface potential under continuous electron irradiation was developed and then validated. A partial discharges mechanism was identified on surface of annealed samples with this optimised device. Ageing processes of the irradiated materials was also studied in the irradiation chamber to reproduce the observed degradation in orbit over the long time. It was demonstrated that the charging of annealed coated materials is noticeable when the sample receive a critical ionising dose. Several physico-chemical characterisations were thus performed at CIRIMAT in order to study the evolution of structural and chemical properties of ceramics. This evolution was correlated with that of electrical properties after deterioration under critical electron irradiation. The contamination and deterioration mechanisms of coated ceramics are responsible of the electrical aging observed experimentally. Finally, these thorough experimental characterisations allowed the development of physical model for the description of the different mechanisms involved on irradiated ceramics and coating
Pak, Alexander. "Automatic, adaptive, and applicative sentiment analysis." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00717329.
Full textIacob, Constantin. "Transfert thermique et transfert de masse en lit fluidise. Application à la nitruration d'aciers." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES020.
Full textBelec, Yves. "Des règles expertes pour une méthode applicative d'analyse ou de génération du langage naturel." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30136.
Full textCarlinet, Yannick. "Supervision de trac au niveau applicatif : application à la sécurit é et à l'ingénierie des réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536850.
Full textPacquentin, Wilfried. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés physico-chimiques des surfaces modifiées par traitement laser : application à l'amélioration de la résistance à la corrosion localisée des aciers inoxydables." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676332.
Full textCozzolino, Raphaël. "Étude de couches minces organométalliques déposées par procédé plasma basse pression à partir de zirconium tert butoxide : application aux traitements antireflets." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1896/.
Full textThis thesis is a part of PIXCELL project, collaboration between Essilor Company and three academic laboratories: LAAS, LAPLACE and CIRIMAT. The project's goal is to design an optical pixelated system. This system is composed by a pixel matrix sandwiched between several polymeric films. Low pressure plasma process has been chosen as a solution to treat several system parts to improve their properties. First study has shown that organosilicon thin film allows to encapsulate this system in order to improve his life time. The goal of this thesis is to give more functionality to the system thanks to plasma process: antireflection treatment. This treatment permits to improve optical system transparency. Generally, it is composed by thin film multilayer with different thickness and refractive index (low/high refractive index alternatively). By plasma process, refractive indexes of organosilicon thin films are low (1. 43 à 1. 56). Thus, to obtain an antireflection treatment, it's necessary to find another material with high refractive index value. The Zirconium Tert-Butoxide (ZTB) molecule appears to be the right choice to this goal. Thus, we have studied deposition from ZTB in function of process parameters: microwave-power, oxidant gas rate (O2), substrate bias and temperature. Thin film properties have been studied to choose the good materials to build an antireflection multilayer. We have shown that refractive index is controlled between 1. 58 and 2. 05 mainly by O2 rate. This variation has been correlated to chemical composition. Thin film morphology has also been studied. A drastic morphology change has been observed from a certain O2 rate in ZTB+O2 mixture. At 80% of O2 film structure becomes columnar. Substrate bias and temperature parameters have been investigated to control the film structure (i. E. Removal of columnar structure). This shows the surface mobility influence on film growth. In addition to phenomena description and comprehension, quite good antireflection treatment have been built (reflection rate around 1. 5% of incident light)
Morales, Mago Simon José. "Commande adaptative multivariable : application à un procédé de traitement thermique rapide." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30235.
Full textKouadri, Mostefa Soumia. "CVD sur poudres en couche fluidisée, traitement de poudres microporeuses." Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT015G.
Full textNguyen, Giap. "Courbes remplissant l'espace et leur application en traitement d'images." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS423/document.
Full textThe space-filling curves are known for the ability to order the multidimensional points on a line while preserving the locality, i.e. the close points are closely ordered on the line. The locality preserving is wished in many applications. Hilbert curve is the best locality preserving space-filling curve. This curve is originally proposed in 2D, i.e. it is only applied to points in a 2D space. For application in the multidimensional case, we propose in this thesis a generalization of Hilbert curve. Generalized curve is based on the essential property of Hilbert curve that creates its level of locality preserving: the adjacency. Thus, it avoids the dependence on the pattern RBG, which is the only pattern of the curve extended by previous researches. The result is a family of curves preserving well the locality. The optimization of the locality preserving is also addressed to find out the best locality preserving curve. For this purpose, we propose a measure of the locality preserving. Based on the parameters, this measure can adapt to different application situations such as the change of metric or locality size. The curve construction is an important part of the thesis. It is the basis of the index calculation used in application. For a rapid index calculation, the self-similar Hilbert curves is used. They are Hilbert curves satisfying the self-similar conditions specified in chapitre 4. The generalized curve is finally applied in image search. It is the question of the content-based image search (CBIR) where each image is characterized by a multidimensionalvector. Images are ordered by the curve of a line, and the search is simplified to the search on an ordered list. By giving an input image, similar images are those corresponding to neighbors of the index of the input. The locality preserving ensures that these indexes correspond to similar images
Viry, Laurence. "Traitement de couche limite et méthodes Pic : algorithmes et approche objet." Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0015_VIRY.pdf.
Full textThe work exposed in this document is made up of two relatively independant parts. _ The first part deals with mathematical and numerical simulations for a model of high frequency electromagnetic shaping of liquid metals. The asymptotic analysis gives prominence to the existence of singular perturbation problems with a weak layer closeness of the conductor surface. From our numerical model simplified formulation emerge two kinds of singular perturbation problems, classical elliptic problem and elliptic problem with electromagnetic transmission. We study in details a domain decomposition without recovering based on finite difference framework in one dimensional space to solve the transmission problem. We show that, for a good choice of the domain decomposition and boundary conditions at the artificial interface, we obtain a uniform approximation of the solution and the iterative procedure convergence rate which is superlinear. Then, we generalize these results into a two dimensional space for the radial case and we apply our results to enhanced finite element computations. We obtained rigorous convergence and accuracy estimates which seems to indicate that these schemes could be extended to more general geometries. _ The second part deals with a problem in computer science from - a computer science point of view: underlining opportunities of the objectoriented paradigm for advanced P. LC (Particle-In-Cell in plasma physic) modelling, with these known advantages : increased fiexibility, extensibility, robustness and so on. A two-dimensional relativistic electromagnetic PIC code implementation has been made. - a numerical point of view : a comparative study about electrical field correction in electromagnetic PIC plasma simulations is done. We analyze two techniques for reducing electric field error: the first one consists in using a charge conservating method to compute charge and current density onto the Maxwell discretization mesh, the second one is to use one divergence correction of electric fields based on the reformulated Maxwell system
Chartier, Céline. "Propriétés physiques et radiatives du luminophore vert SrGa2S4 : eu2+ en couche mince." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066417.
Full textRouabhi, Miloud. "Analyse sémantico-cognitive de prépositions en vue d'un traitement automatique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL032.
Full textThis study aims to unify in a single approach the descriptions given by cognitive semantics and associated representations, studied by formal semantics. Cognitive semantics consists to associate the meanings of the analyzed with schemes. Formal semantics consists in studying the modes of representation of these schemes and the relations to the observables. Our study is based on the general model developed at the Paris-Sorbonne University in the LaLIC group, using the GAC model (Applicative and Cognitive Grammar) and GRACE (GRammar Applicative Cognitive and Enunciative), these two models use the one hand to the topology and on the other hand to the combinatory logic in order to an automatic processing of meanings. We have chosen to study the problem of the three prepositions: dans, sous and à of French and their equivalences in Arabic, this leads us to search for invariants associated with these three prepositions or relators, the preposition dans refers to the interiority of a place, be it spatial, temporal, spatial-temporal, notional or activity and the preposition sous refers to a specific place or generated by another place whose closing is taken. The preposition à refers to the closing of a place, here the place is cognitive or abstract place, sufficiently general that according to the context can take more particular values
Scherer, Karin. "Nouveaux matériaux pour des couches minces diélectriques à bas indice de réfraction : application aux traitements antireflet sur verres ophtalmiques." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066574.
Full textSediri, Amal. "Etude de revêtements à forte émissivité pour application au traitement thermique par infrarouge." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4005/document.
Full textRare earth nickelate oxides Ln2NiO4+δ (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd) have attracted considerable interest for both theoretical and experimental studies especially due to their pseudo-high black body behavior. Advanced industry takes a particular interest in applications based on infrared radiation heater, which tend to replace the classical heating convection. Thermal radiative properties of materials are intimately related to their intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. Intrinsic properties concern chemical composition, thickness layer and complex refractive index, while extrinsic properties refer to the texture (roughness, porosity, grain and pore sizes and grain boundaries) and the presence of impurities. Pr2NiO4+δ coatings have been obtained on both polycrystalline and monocrystalline substrates by combining RF magnetron co-sputtering with an appropriate heat treatment at 1100◦C. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analysis revealed a biphasic Pr2NiO4+δ compound, with an oxygen over-stoichiometry. The surface analysis was probed by SEM, AFM and profilometry, and showed a rough and porous granular aspect for all the deposited layers. Thermal radiative properties were studied by infrared optical spectroscopy. The normal spectral emissivity from 300 K up to 1400 K confirmed the high emissive properties of the Pr2NiO4+δ coatings, even for thicknesses down to 1,5 μm. A total normal emissivity of 0,87 in the mid-infrared range is obtained for the 2,8 μm coating thickness
Sitbon, Serge. "Analyse du couple optimal modélisation paramétrique - classification automatique : application à l'aide au diagnostic en électromyographie." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT101H.
Full textLelong, Anthony. "Élaboration et caractérisation de couches minces nanocomposites cuivre/carbone : application à la dégradation de colorant en solution aqueuse." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0007/document.
Full textThe treatment of industrial wastewater is an issue for the society. For instance, used dyes in manufactured products are pollutants for our waters sources. The thesis work focuses on dye degradation by thin films of copper/carbon nanocomposite. Our nanocomposites have been elaborated through a plasma method by a cathodic sputtering in reactive atmosphere of cyclohexane (hybrid process of PVD/PECVD). Studies by optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy have been carried out in order to analyze the plasma during the deposition. After elaboration, our thin films have been characterized from a structural (morphology and microstructure), electrical and optical point of view as a function of deposit parameters. In this work, we used indigo carmine as a pollutant. The dye belongs to the indigoid family and is commonly used for the blue color of jeans. The degradation of this dye in aqueous solutions has been monitored by UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Our nanocomposites have been able to discolour solutions by halogen lamp illumination or during moderate heating. The investigation focused on the thermal aspects of this phenomenon as a function of several parameters (temperature, initial concentration,…) with the help of thermodynamic models such as Arrhenius and Eyring. To justify the degradation of the dye, an electrospray ionization mass spectrometer has been used. It revealed that the molecule of indigo carmine underwent a loss of mass and that our materials perform as catalysts
Branci, Samy. "Traitement d'un signal acoustique : application au mécanisme d'abrasion de la meule." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20077.
Full textPéraud, Sandrine. "Etude des propriétés mécaniques de films minces de NiTi et de SiC réalisés par mixage ionique dynamique - application à la tenue en fatigue d'alliages de titane." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2376.
Full textCornu, Benoit. "Automatic analysis and repair of exception bugs for java programs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10212/document.
Full textThe world is day by day more computerized. There is more and more software running everywhere, from personal computers to data servers, and inside most of the new popularized inventions such as connected watches or intelligent washing machines. All of those technologies use software applications to perform the services they are designed for. Unfortunately, the number of software errors grows with the number of software applications. In isolation, software errors are often annoyances, perhaps costing one person a few hours of work when their accounting application crashes.Multiply this loss across millions of people and consider that even scientific progress is delayed or derailed by software error: in aggregate, these errors are now costly to society as a whole.We specifically target two problems:Problem #1: There is a lack of debug information for the bugs related to exceptions.This hinders the bug fixing process.To make bug fixing of exceptions easier, we will propose techniques to enrich the debug information.Those techniques are fully automated and provide information about the cause and the handling possibilities of exceptions.Problem #2: There are unexpected exceptions at runtime for which there is no error-handling code.In other words, the resilience mechanisms against exceptions in the currently existing (and running) applications is insufficient.We propose resilience capabilities which correctly handle exceptions that were never foreseen at specification time neither encountered during development or testing. In this thesis, we aim at finding solutions to those problems. We present four contributions to address the two presented problems
Boucheron, Romuald. "Propagation acoustique en présence d'écoulement : développement de techniques laser, traitement du signal et étude analytique." Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT2282.
Full textAcoustic propagation in the presence of mean flow is studied from different points of view : development of Laser techniques, of the signal processing and analytical modeling. Before considering acoustic velocity measurements in mean flow, the adaptation of Particle Image Velocimetry parameters to acoustic velocity field is conducted, allowing the measurement of acoustic velocity profiles in Stokes boundary layers. On the other hand, a new method of signal processing for Laser Doppler Velocimetry bursts is proposed for extraction of acoustic features in the presence of mean flow. Results of this method are satisfactorily compared with results obtained by microphonic antenna and those of other signal processing methods. Finally, the analytical solution of multi-modal acoustic propagation in circular duct in the presence of a laminar mean flow is developed. It generalizes solutions of more particular cases and allows a study of the influence of shear on acoustic propagation
Jandin, Guillaume. "Etude d'un procédé de projection thermique à l'arc-fil en vue d'une application pour l'outillage rapide." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA2044.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop and study a twin wire-arc spray process to manufacture directly prototypes and tooling. It allows to build directly shells onto models of any kind of materials. Therefore fabrication times can be shortened. Twin wire arc spray technology has been chosen because it enables rapid amount of material (up to 15 kg/h) and because of its low cost. This study is mainly directed toward steel sprayerd material, with good mechanical and wear properties. But the necessity of not damaging the models (generally, SLA resin) requires to work near the ambient temperature wich generally leads to high proportions of porosity and oxides. Only one spray gun and one type of material have been studied and are described in chapter one. Second chapter presents in-flight characteristics of spray particles. Their size, velocity and temperature have been linked to spray conditions. It has been shown that gas flow rate has a main influence on particles behaviour. Third chapter show the problem of low adherence of formed particles on based on polymer substrates. It is linked to flatenning and solidifying steps. Identified phenomena are surface thermal exchanges between the substrate and the particle. Experimentations coupled to a mathematical model have shown the role of these phenomenon and helped to find technological solutions. In the fourth chapter, coatings have been characterized with varying spray conditions. Their influence has been tested on microstructure and mechanical properties (micro hardness and Young modulus) of coatings. Results show that gas flow rate mainly influences size and velocity of particles that are influencing themselves the build-up mechanisms of coatings, so their mechanical properties. In the fifth chapter, informations got in the previous parts of the report are used to define procedure to realise shells. This definition has been completed by the realisation of some demonstration pieces
Billard, Valérie. "Elaboration d'une couche sensible incorporant des anticorps : Appplication aux immunocapteurs pour la détection directe de toxine bactérienne." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECDL0038.
Full textCoste, Jean-François. "Détermination non destructive de l'épaisseur de revetements projetés plasma au moyen d'ondes de surface rayonnantes." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG4202.
Full textLamy, Francis. "Mesure par méthodes optiques de l'épaisseur et de la rugosité d'une couche de DT solide conformée dans un microballon." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOS056.
Full textThe inertial confinement fusion experiments require cryogenics targets fabrication, which is mainly a smooth uniform solid hydrogen isotopes (DT) layer at 20K. This layer is modelled in a plastic microshell that is placed in a gold cavity. One of the challenges of this program is to guarantee roughness and uniformity of the layer. Similar objects does not exist at ambient temperature. This report presents three methods convenient to characterise this layer in cryogenic conditions, with only one observation direction. The first one, shadowgraphy consists of the observation of the microshell thank to an optical system. The analyse of shadowgraph allows the DT layer characterisation in an equatorial plan. The two others techniques are the optical coherent tomography and the wide band interferometry. These methods provide the measurement of the layer thickness at the poles of microshell. The interference patterns are formed by the interference on two waves. The first one is reflected on a reference mirror, the second one is reflected on the interfaces of the microshell. The performances and uncertainties of the methods are analysed
Panaitopol, Dorin. "Réseaux de capteurs ad-hoc Ultra Wide Band : une analyse multi couche." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840023.
Full textLavigne, Olivier. "Caractérisation des films passifs pour la définition de nouveaux matériaux : application aux plaques bipolaires métalliques des systèmes PEMFCs." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0047/these.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is the determination of materials solutions for stamped bipolar plates used in PEMFCs systems. The 316L SS was chosen as the reference material. However, the conductivity of its passive layer remains low, and leads to a diminution of the fuel cell performances. Surface modifications of this material are thus essential. The first way developed in this work was the physical vapour deposition of chromium nitrides onto the stainless steel. Structure, as well as corrosion resistance and physical properties, of formed passive layers onto these samples, depend on the nitrogen content of the coating and the nature of the substrate. Ex-situ characterisations of ‘high nitrogen’ coating on 316L suggest its suitability for use in the bipolar plates of PEMFCs. However, the coated materials induce supplementary costs (process) and need good mechanical properties for stamping. The second way of surface modification was thus the modification of the existent passive layer formed onto the 316L. Cerium was added within the oxide layer by an electrochemical treatment. This treatment preserves the corrosion resistance of the material, and allows a decrease of the interfacial contact resistance value of 78%. Based on the above treatment, new steels compositions was proposed, including some % in weight of doping elements (Ce, Ta) in order to modify the passive film. Physical and chemical characterisations of these new materials showed their suitability for the targeted application. Indeed, these alloys display good corrosion resistance properties, as well as a great decrease of the interfacial contact resistance. In spite of the fact that these values do not reach the wanted goal, this work validates an original method of material choice
Stock, François. "Traitements laser UV de couches de carbone amorphe adamantin (DLC) obtenues par ablation laser pulsée (PLD) : application à la synthèse d'électrodes transparentes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAD035.
Full textOne of the biggest challenge that optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices will have to face is the necessity to provide a reliable alternative to transparent conducting oxide (TCO) and especially to Indium Thin Oxide (ITO) widely used in display technologies. This thesis presents an alternative solution based on laser processes and carbon materials only. In a first step, Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) is grown with a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process. DLC is an amorphous form of carbon sharing many properties with diamond like very high transparency in the visible range and being a perfect electrical insulator. Therefore, in a second step, DLC thin films are annealed with UV laser. These surface treatments lead to the modification of the first DLC atomic layers. With this step, dominating diamond bindings (sp3) responsible of insulating properties of DLC are broken and atoms will be reorganized in graphitic bindings (sp2) leading to surface conductivity appearance. Within only surface modifications (over a few atomic layers), the interesting property of transparency is conserved with an additional attractive surface conductivity. Obtained performances clearly approach and reach ITO values. This only laser-based process offers very interesting perspectives with keeping an important compatibility with standard microelectronics technical steps
Boutouili, Mohieddine. "Etude statistique expérimentale d'une combustion turbulente en couche limite." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2336.
Full textAtyaoui, Atef. "ELABORATION DE TiO2 SOUS FORME DE COUCHE MINCE DOPÉE ET NANOTUBULAIRE : CARACTÉRISATION ÉLECTROCHIMIQUE ET PERFORMANCE PHOTOCATALYTIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00864900.
Full textEtienne, Pascal. "Etude et caractérisation de couches organosiliciées déposées par le procédé sol-gel : application à la protection des verres organiques." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20005.
Full textDalloz, Alexandre. "Etude de l’endommagement par la découpe des aciers dual phase pour application automobile." Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1502.
Full textIn order to optimize the metallurgical quality of future dual phase steels, the present study aims at a better understanding of the formation of the cut edge damage induced by shearing. Observations and characterizations revealed the existence of a highly deformed area in the vicinity of the cut edges. This region of 200 µm is defined as the cutting affected zone. In addition to deformation, its microstructure presents voids, initiated at ferrite-martensite boundaries. The formation of this zone during the cutting process was studied through two complementary approaches: first, the use of an especially designed testing device that allows precise interruption of the cutting process, then, the simulation of the process by finite elements methods. The damage and the fracture of the sheets appeared to be controlled by the voids formation at the phases boundaries and thus by the stress triaxiality ratio. The study of the cut edge behaviour under loading showed the rapid initiation of small cracks in the cutting affected zone. The direct impact of these cracks on the sheets ductility was also highlighted. Finally, two heat treatments that limit the ductility loss induced by cutting were proposed: one by the formation of a third phase during cooling and the other by offering better mechanical properties around phases boundaries
Dorian, Fabre. "Mécanismes de coupe induits par le brochage d'un acier inoxydable ferrito-martensitique : application aux plaques entretoises de générateurs de vapeur." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2016. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01494019.
Full textThis document presents the results of a PhD work initialized to improve the understanding of physical phenomena occuring in broaching process. To this end, an extensive state of the art dealing with technological and scientific issues is presented. This thesis report continues with a presentation of elementary study of the cutting in broaching. In this section, many parameters were varied on a wide range, focusing in one hand on the surface quality, and on another hand on the chip morphology. The next section deals with the setup of industrial applications resulting of this PhD work. A force prediction method as well as an innovative chip-breaker enumerating strategy is for example presented. This document ends with several numerical studies, dealing with the influence of the tooth or workpiece stiffness, or aiming to improve the understanding of the chip formation mechanisms. About this last point, a new numerical simulation method of cutting based on an iterative strategy has been set-up, allowing a substantial decreasing in CPU Times
Boilley, Alexandre. "Modélisation de cisaillements de vent et assimilation de données dans la couche limite atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638822.
Full textMaudet, Florian. "Couches nanostructurées par dépôt en incidence oblique : corrélations microstructure et propriétés optiques pour application aux traitements antireflets hautes performances dans le visible étendu et l'infrarouge." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT2295/document.
Full textAnti-reflective (AR) coatings are widely used to improve the transmission of optical systems composed of window, lenses, separating filters,... In this thesis, the spectral ranges targeted are the extended visible [400-1800nm] and the mid infrared [3.7-4.8µm]. Thin film deposition nanostructuring method using oblique angle deposition (oblique angle deposition) PVD technique was chosen because it allows high performance AR to be considered over a wide wavelength range, by an industrial process. The introduction of porosity with the control of deposition angle is used to nanostructure the architecture of each layer and stack; a method for modifying and optimizing the optical properties of the constituent layers for optimal complete design. A mapping of the effective indices accessible by OAD has been identified for the three materials deposited (TiO2, SiO2 and Ge). However optical properties of these nanostructured layers differ greatly from those of dense layers due to the presence of anisotropy, index gradient, diffusion and absorption. Based on advanced microstructural, chemical and optical characterizations (AFM, SEM, TEM, FIB tomography, TEM tomography, EDX, EELS, spectrophotometry and generalized ellipsometry) a more complex analytical optical model coupled with finite element analyses (FDTD) is presented. All the work has enabled OAD to develop simple two-layer anti-reflective coatings that already demonstrate high levels of transmission, superior to existing (interferential) or work in progress (Moth-eyes) AR treatments
Boyer, Quentin. "Formulation d'un nouveau traitement de conversion chimique sans chrome pour la protection anticorrosion d'alliages d'aluminium aéronautiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30364.
Full textIn the current aeronautical context, corrosion is a major problem and this is why surface treatments are necessary. Conversion treatments are widely used but currently use hexavalent or trivalent chromium. However, an environmental regulation (REACh), which will come into effect in 2024, aims to prohibit the use of hexavalent chromium substances that are toxic. In order to develop a sustainable solution, industrial actors are working to completely avoid chromium for this kind of application. This thesis work is part of this framework and focuses on the formulation of new solutions for 2024-T3 aluminum alloy conversion treatments as well as the associated parametric study. Several corrosion inhibitors known to CIRIMAT or listed in the literature have been studied such as cerium, tungstates and molybdates. The first study consisted in discriminating these inhibitors by comparing their electrochemical properties, mainly by chronopotentiometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and their microstructure, the reference layer remaining that based on trivalent chromium. Two conversion layers (based on Ce3+ and WO4 2-) were selected and were the subject of extensive microscopic characterization as well as exhaustive analysis by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy via the use of equivalent electrical circuits. The results demonstrated that there is a good correlation between the conversion coating structure (interfacial layer, inner layer and outer layer) and its electrochemical properties. Thus, the interfacial layer gives the system the best resistance to corrosion with a very pronounced barrier effect. The inner layer protects this interfacial layer from the electrolyte by forming a passivating layer. Finally, the outer layer acts as a reservoir of corrosion inhibitor that can heal the system during a local defect. Finally, for reasons of implementation on an industrial scale, the tungstate-based conversion layer has been privileged. In order to optimize its anticorrosion performance, the influence of parameters such as inhibitor concentration, conversion time, pH and storage time was evaluated. The optimized solution was then completed with post-treatment and demonstrated good anticorrosion properties after electrochemical analysis. These results led to a second step, which is the transfer to pilot scale at the industrial company, Mécaprotec Industries, the coordinator of the NEPAL FUI project in which several manufacturers are partners
Taifour, Mahmoud. "Améliorations de la couche MAC IEEE 802. 11 pour la qualité de service dans les réseaux ad hoc." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10136.
Full textHenaut, Julien. "Architecture de traitement du signal pour les couches physiques très haut débit pour les réseaux de capteur : Application à la métrologie dans un contexte aéronautique et spatial." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849338.
Full textBeneteau, Clément. "Modèles homogénéisés enrichis en présence de bords : Analyse et traitement numérique." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAE001.
Full textWhen we are interested in the propagation of waves in a periodic medium at low frequency (i.e. wavelength large compared to the period length), it is possible to model the periodic medium by an equivalent or effective homogeneous medium which has the same macroscopic properties. It is the homogenization theory that mathematically justifies this process. This process is very attractive because numerical calculations are then much less expensive (the small periodic structure has disappeared) and analytical calculations are again possible in certain configurations. The waves in the periodic medium and in the effective medium are very close from a macroscopic point of view except in the presence of boundaries or interfaces.Indeed, it is well known that the homogenized model is obtained by neglecting the boundary effects and consequently, it is much less precise at the boundaries of the periodic medium. When interesting phenomena appear at the edges of the middle (such as the propagation of plasmonic waves on the surface of metamaterials for example), it therefore seems difficult to trust the effective model.Returning to the homogenization process, we propose a homogenized model which is richer at the boundaries. The enriched homogenized model is as simple as the classical homogenized model far from the interfaces, only the boundary conditions change and take better account of the phenomena. We apply this model to an elliptical equation in the case of the simple geometry of the half-plane with Dirichlet or Neumann type conditions. From a numerical point of view, in addition to classic cell problems that appear in homogenization, periodic band problems must also be solved. Finally, we apply these results to the long time wave equation
Gouton, Lucille. "Formation par traitement de surface par laser d’une couche de chromine sur un alliage base nickel pour limiter le relâchement des cations en circuit primaire." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENAM0034/document.
Full textAlloy 690 (60%Ni, 30%Cr, 10%Fe) is mainly used in primary circuit pipes fornuclear power plants.The aim of this thesis is to form a Cr2O3 layer, using laser surface melting, with the objective ofcreating a chromium-rich oxide layer. In order to optimize the treatment, it was first important todetermine parameters influence on the layer oxide properties then, with the objective of adeeper understanding of mechanisms involved, to address thermo-physical phenomenaoccurring during and after the laser pulse striking the upper surface.A deep parametric study first enabled to find an optimized laser surface treatment whichproduces chromium enrichment of the upper surface and a dense and continuous oxide layer.This treatment has been applied on samples, set in a primary medium simulation loop.Experiments and calculations were carried out to provide understanding of surface chromiumenrichment by laser process. The results were shown to explain chromium enrichment until meltpool solidification occurred on the upper surface, assumingly just before chromium oxideformation. This was also promoted by a high affinity with oxygen and a higher stability of Cr2O3oxide compared with other potential oxide formation
Pelcat, Maxime. "Prototypage Rapide et Génération de Code pour DSP Multi-Coeurs Appliqués à la Couche Physique des Stations de Base 3GPP LTE." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578043.
Full textCarbillet, Thomas. "Monitoring en temps réel de la vitesse de déplacement sur dispositif connecté : modélisation mathématique sur plateforme mobile interfacée avec une base de données d'entraînement et d'audit physiologique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM013/document.
Full textThe improvement running performance has become a major topic lately. We are getting closer to running a marathon in under 2 hours. However, there are not so many professionals working transversally regarding pre-race and in-race preparation concerning the general public. Training plans are based on trainers' experience and are often not custom-made. This exposes the runners to injury risk and motivation loss. It seems that the current analysis of training plans has reached a limit. The aim for BillaTraining® is to go beyond this limit by connecting the research with the general public of runners.This PhD has two main goals. The first one is trying to contribute to the research about running. After gathering and formatting trainings and races data from different origins, we tried to isolate and describe how humans run marathons including 2.5 to 4-hour performances. We studied acceleration, speed and heart rate time series among other things, with the idea of understanding the different running strategies.The second one is the development of a web application embracing the three steps of the BillaTraining® method. The first step is an energetic audit which is a 30-minute running session guided by the runner's sensations. The second step is the energetic radar which is the results of the audit. The last step is a tailor-made training plan built depending on the runner's objectives.In order to come up with a solution, we had to bring together Physiology, Mathematics and Computer Science.The knowledge we had in Physiology was based on professor Véronique Billat's past and current researches. These researches are now part of BillaTraining® and are central for the growth of the company.We used Mathematics to try to describe physiological phenomenons thanks to Statistics. By applying the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model, we found that humans are able to run at an even acceleration. By using the PELT (Pruned Exact Linear Time) method we automated changepoints detection in time series.Finally, Computer Science allowed a communication between Physiology and Mathematics for research, as well as marketing training tools at the forefront of innovation
Bonnan, Audrey. "Pathophysiologie du traitement de l’information dans les dendrites néocorticales dans le Syndrome de l’X Fragile." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR22016/document.
Full textFragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited mental retardation syndrome and most well characterized cause of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), and it is caused by a silencing mutation of the gene Fmr1 (encoding the protein FMRP). Increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli is a prominent feature of FXS and ASD, but its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We found that deletion of the Fmr1 gene results in somatosensory hyper-excitability in a mouse model for FXS. Fmr1 knockout (Fmr1KO) mice required significantly less tactile information for haptic exploration, and touch-evoked whisker representations in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) spread with increased velocity in Fmr1KO mice compared to wild-type control. At the cellular level, it has been shown that the mRNAs of several ion channel subunits (e.g. HCN1, KCNMA1) playing key roles in dendritic/neuronal information processing are regulated by FMRP (Liao et al., 2008; Darnell et al., 2011). Based on these observations, we investigated channelopathies as a prominent feature of FXS. We probed ion channel dysfunction, and its consequence for dendritic information processing in neocortical pyramidal neurons of layer 5 in Fmr1KO mice, using a combination of electrophysiological and 2-photon calcium imaging approaches. Our results showed that dendrites of S1 pyramidal neurons were hyper-excitable, facilitating the coupling of synaptic input to the generation of action potential output in these neurons. This defect was, at least in part, attributable to a dysfunction of Ih channels and BKCa channels and was partially rescued by pharmacological activation of BKCa channels. These findings argue for a novel and critical role for channelopathies in the expression of sensory hyper-excitability in FXS
Larbi, Fadila. "Traitement de couches minces et de dispositifs à base de a-Si : H par un plasma d'hydrogène : Etude in situ par ellipsométrie spectroscopique." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS010/document.
Full textThis work is a contribution to the study of the interaction between hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films and hydrogen plasma in a PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) reactor. The kinetics of silicon etching by atomic hydrogen is monitored in situ by UV - visble ellipsometry .Several plasma parameters (temperature, RF power, H2 gas pressure, the doping of the material) that may impact the kinetics were probed. An analysis of the spectroscopic ellipsometry spectra, thanks to an appropriate optical model, allowed evidencing their effects on the time constant, the thickness and the hydrogen excess of the H-modified layer.The same hydrogen plasma treatment repeated on i/p and i/n H base junctions revealed a particular behavior of the etching kinetics in the junction zone. This effect is interpreted in the frame of a simple of hydrogen diffusion model under an electric field
Traoré, Jean. "Dispositif numérique de conditionnement thermique en vue de l'étude des propriétés ohmiques et thermo-électriques d'alliage binaire en couche mince." Rouen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ROUES052.
Full textPrigent, Stephane. "Optimisation du traitement de l'azote et du phosphore des eaux usées domestiques adapté aux filtres plantés de roseaux." Phd thesis, Ecole des Mines de Nantes, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809593.
Full textRouissi, Fatma. "Optimisation de la couche PHY des systèmes de communication sur le réseau d'énergie en présence de bruit impulsif." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10042/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study and the suggestion of new solutions to improve high bit rate power line communications. A special interest is given to impulsive noise presence which is the most difficult transmission constraint to overcome. The first aim of this work is to analyze statistically measure results then to propose a simple and efficient noise model that will be used in a simulation tool to define accurately suitable noise cancellation techniques. Experimental measurements done in both Indoor and vehicle PLC channels allowed to deduce noise characteristics in the two environments, to compare these characteristics and to prove high effect of Indoor impulsive noise. ln next step, three models were studied: c1ass A of Middleton mode 1, Markov chains-based model and the stochastic approach. Then, a new hybrid model, that combines the stochastic approach and Markov chains, was proposed. This model is simple, easy to implement and allows a satisfying fitting to noise temporal characteristics. Comparisons of models to measured noise show the efficiency of the hybrid approach that will be used afterward. The second aim of this work is to defme new appropriate and cost-effective methods to compensate impulsive noise effect. The frrst solution is to add a noise canceller module in the PLC system receiver. This solution was studied by proposing techniques to cancel noise by estimating its power. The second solution is to use error correction methods. ln this case, three channel coding structures were developed and their performances were studied in the presence of different impulsive noise scenarios
Saillard, Romain. "Tenue en corrosion de l'alliage d'aluminium 2024 revêtu d'une couche de conversion au chrome trivalent - Influence de l'état microstructural." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0081/document.
Full textIn reply to REACH regulation, which stipulates that hexavalent chromium substance shall besubject to authorization in 2017, manufacturers of aeronautic industries have performed, forseveral years, research and development of new surface treatments less harmful for theenvironment and health. The work planned in NEPAL (NEw Protections for ALminium) researchprogram is part of this large program. The chromate-containing treatments, using Cr(VI)compounds, will disappear in the near future; new formulations have been developed includingtrivalent chromium conversion processes. The thesis project aims to reinforce robustness of theseprocesses by providing data useful for understanding the corrosion resistance of aluminium alloyscoated with trivalent chromium coatings, in relation to their microstructural state. The thesis workwas developed on a 2024 aluminium alloy, among those most used in the aeronautics sector.Several microstructures were considered in order to modify the distribution of major alloyselements, copper and magnesium. The fine characterization of the microstructure and theevaluation of the reactivity of the samples in the different conversion treatment baths highlight theinfluence of the copper distribution in the alloy, this alloying element being detrimental to thegrowth of the conversion coating when it is in the form of fine precipitates. Finally, the study of twosheets of aluminium alloy with different thicknesses reveals the influence of new microstructuralparameters such as grain boundaries or coarse precipitation. This work was performed in theframework of the NEPAL FUI project. CIRIMAT was financially supported by the French Ministry ofEconomy and industry (BPI-France), the Région Occitanie Pyrénées-Méditerranée and theEuropean Union (FEDER/ERDF)