Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traitement par froid'
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Šipoldová, Zuzana. "Etude de traitement par plasma froid de surfaces contaminés par biofilms." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC054/document.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, applications of lowtemperature plasmas at atmospheric pressure are discussed. In particular, bio-decontamination of planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilms on flat and complex surfaces by air corona discharges and argon plasma. In this work, we characterize three plasma sources which are used for decontamination of Escherichia coli. DC corona discharges in air - positive streamer corona and negative Trichel pulses were used for decontamination of planktonic bacteria and bacterial biofilms. In some experiments water was electrosprayed onto samples from high voltage electrode. Bio-decontamination of bacterial biofilms was carried out on glass cover slides, within 15 min plasma treatment most of the bacteria were rendered uncultivable. Part from these uncultivable bacteria remained viable only top layers of the biofilm were killed, according to confocal laser scanning microscopy of biofilms stained by live/dead viability kit. The secondplasma source was pulsed corona discharge propagated inside the long narrow quartz tube in which dry argon or argon with water vapor was flowing at atmospheric pressure. This type of discharge has a potential application in decontamination of inner surfaces of catheters or other long tubular devices or could able to deliver low-temperature plasma on longer distances inside the human body. Firstly, this low-temperature plasma source was characterized by its electrical parameters, then, an optical emission spectroscopy of plasma identified UV B emission form excited hydroxyl radical especially with humid argon working gas. The effect of this UV B was tested on planktonic bacteria and was found out to cause up to a substantial damage even further downstream the tube. The last plasma source has argon jet which used dry, humid or water saturated argon as a working gas. This discharge was predominantly used for biofilm decontamination, where we received similar results as with DC corona discharges
Bielousova, Oleksandra. "Etude de la structure et des propriétés de revêtements composites obtenus par la projection gazodynamique à froid." Ecole nationale d'ingénieurs (Saint-Etienne), 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENISE019.
Full textIntensive development of the industry in the direction of design and optimisation of novel materials and coatings leads to invention and elaboration of new powder coating technologies. One of these technologies is Cold Spray of various materials and composites. The properties of composites materials depend on their phase composition and structure of various phases. For this reason, it seems to be reasonable to manage the cold sprayed material structure by following heat treatment. Such a combined technology opens the new opportunities to control the phase comporition, dislocation and gain structure of materials. In this case, the new opportunities to obtain various phase composition and properties of materials are opened. The main goal of the work is to examine the specific features of cold spraying process of composite coatings obtained by deposition of powder mixtures or separate layers of soft and hard materials, and to define their influence on composite structure and properties in order to obtain and to develop the new composite coating applications. Three main groups of coating are studied : Al-SS coating for possible application as a thermal barrier coating, Ti-Al intermetallic coating and naw anti-frictional SS-SiC coating. Thermal tratment of the coatings is performed to favour the formation of intermetallic components and stainless steel matrix graphitisation in case of SS-SiC coatings. Mechanical properties of the coatings such as microhardness and elastic modulus are evaluated on the base of straingradient plasticity theory and the parameters of the depth dependence of the materials are calculated. Possible applications of the deposited coatings are developed and discussed
Célini, Natacha Poncin-Epaillard Fabienne. "Traitement des argiles par plasma froid pour leur utilisation comme charges de nanocomposites argile-polymère." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2004/2004LEMA1014.pdf.
Full textCélini, Natacha. "Traitement des argiles par plasma froid pour leur utilisation comme charges de nanocomposites argile-polymère." Le Mans, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LEMA1014.
Full textFor weak treatment conditions, on model surface, the polar surface energy of the plasmapolyacetylene coating is the lowest. This coating is constituted mainly of alkyl groups, simple and double carbon-carbon bounds. CH, one of the species of the plasma phase identified by OES spectroscopy is one of the precursors of this coating. Two smectites, the montmorillonite and the Laponite, have been treated by plasma in these conditions to modify their polar surface energies and to improve their compatibilization with polyethylene. Their plasma treatments allow the coating on their external surfaces and also an alteration of their structures, lesser effect for the Laponite. Defects in the structure of the montmorillonite are observed. A beforehand lyophilised Laponite permits a grafting of the coating between the layers of this smectite. The addition of these charges modified by plasma in the molten polyethylene allows a diminution of the peak Heat Release Rate
Limam, Soukayna. "La bio décontamination de surface par plasma froid : Contribution par l’étude de procédés de traitement de surface à pression atmosphérique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC106.
Full textNon thermal plasma technologies have recently been receiving attention as an alternative technology for surface decontamination of thermally sensitive medical materials. This work focuses on two atmospheric pressure discharges. Bacteria exposure (contaminated samples with Escherichia coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus ) and spectroscopic measurements were made simultaneously
Dreux, Frédéric. "Modification des propriétés barrière à l'eau et au toluène d'un polyamide 12 par traitement plasma froid." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES022.
Full textQuensierre, Jean-Denis. "Modification de l'energie libre de surface de corps poreux par traitement plasma froid : applications industrielles aux articles d'ecriture." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-455.pdf.
Full textBerthout, Guillaume. "DEVELOPPEMENT INDUSTRIEL D'UNE PLATE-FORME PROTOTYPE : APPLICATIONS AU TRAITEMENT DE SURFACES ET A LA STERILISATION PAR PLASMAS FROIDS." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00512414.
Full textBockel-Macal, Savine. "Étude d'un procède de nitruration assistée par une post-décharge micro-ondes Ar-N₂-H₂ en écoulement : diagnostics de la phase gazeuse et modélisation du réacteur." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPL018N.
Full textHardy, Jean-Michel, and Jean-Michel Hardy. "Modifications chimiques de la surface de l'épinette noire à la suite d'un traitement par plasma froid d'azote et d'oxygène à la pression atmosphérique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26496.
Full textL’utilisation des plasmas dans le domaine du traitement de surface est de plus en plus répandue, en particulier pour améliorer l’adhérence d’un système revêtement-substrat. Après s’être retrouvés chez les polymères synthétiques, les traitements assistés par plasma ont fait progressivement leur apparition dans le domaine du bois afin de répondre aux besoins de l’industrie forestière qui utilise les revêtements et les adhésifs. Bien que plusieurs travaux de recherche ont pu démontrer le potentiel des plasmas pour ces industries, la physique et la chimie gouvernant l’interaction plasma-bois ainsi que son rôle sur les propriétés d’adhérence demeure embryonnaire. Ce projet de maîtrise démontre que les traitements plasmas DBD à la pression atmosphérique modifient la surface du bois selon divers mécanismes tels que le mouvement d’extractibles en surface, la fonctionnalisation chimique ainsi le greffage de radicaux libre.
Viez, Céline. "Traitements de surface d'alliages d'aluminium : dépôts d'AIN par pulvérisation réactive magnétron." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30272.
Full textBecause of their poor tribological properties, aluminum alloys can't be used in a lot of applications. To meet interesting properties, surface treatments are widely used. In this study, AlN coatings were prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering from Al target. OES and thickness of the coatings are used to analyse the influence of the different parameters on growth rate. The sputter yield and the growth rate increase with the increase of the power. First, the deposition rate increases with the pressure, but due to an amount of collisions, it decreases with an increase of pressure. The N2 concentration in the discharge has a drastic effect on the deposition rate. When the N2 concentration increases, the deposition rate strongly decreases. This is a result of the nitriding of the target. But, if the N2 concentration is too low the AlN films are not stoichiometric. A substrate bias of -30V optimize the growth rate. To perform the adhesion of the coatings, different plasma pre-treatments have been made
Bunel, Margaux. "Influence du traitement thermique des poudres sur le dépôt sur projection dynamique par gaz froid (« cold spray ») d’alliage d’aluminium 2024 pour la fabrication additive." Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM051.
Full textCold spray is a process where powder particles are sprayed at a high speed onto a substrate. From deformation the powder particles adhere to the substrate, which result in deposition build-up. The cold sprayed coatings show high mechanical properties, are very dense, can be thick and have a high deposition efficiency, which makes cold spray an ideal process for additive manufacturing. However, deposition efficiency for aluminum alloys such as those commonly used in different industrial sectors, are insufficient for additive manufacturing to be economically viable. In this study, a heat treatment of the powder is carried out in order to modify the properties of the powder particles to improve the deposition efficiency. The influence of the type of cold spray facilities and of spraying parameters was studied from the measurement of the particle velocity (DPV2000) and from assessing the properties of the various coatings. The coatings made of the heat treated powders compared with those made of untreated powders using similar conditions for both were used to show the influence of the modification of the particles. Additive manufacturing requires the understanding of how powder particle build-up to achieve given shapes. A model of deposition, at a macroscopic scale, based on experimental data was developed to predict the shape of the deposit. The results of these simulations were compared to experimental deposits to check thickness, shape and the surface state
Hoyez, Christophe. "Traitement de surface par plasma froid différé d'azote : contribution à l'étude comparée de l'adhésion et des taux de greffage, réalisation de réacteurs pour l'industrie automobile." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10033.
Full textDuch, Abelardo. "Etude du métabolisme intermédiaire chez le rat : influence de l'entraînement à l'exercice musculaire, de l'exposition intermittente au froid et au froid couplé à l'hypoxie et du diabète induit par la streptozotocine associé à un traitement à la metformine." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10084.
Full textDubois-Declercq, Sarah. "Étude de l'impact de la congélation sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des substituts cutanés et caractérisation d'un nouveau modèle de substituts cutanés psoriasiques enrichis en cellules immunitaires produit par génie tissulaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30684/30684.pdf.
Full textThe current challenge for researchers is to develop new models for more advanced skin substitutes and optimize their production methods to improve reproducibility. This study evaluates the impact of the freezing of skin substitutes at -20°C for 2 months via their physicochemical properties and functionality. The ATR-FTIR analysis show that the cryopreservation did not affect the lipid organization of the stratum corneum while percutaneous absorption analysis show that the freezing of the permeability affects skin substitutes. In addition, the skin model was optimized by incorporating T lymphocytes and to study the role of lymphocytes in cell differentiation of keratinocytes and better understand the role of fractalkine in the development of psoriasis. These results lead us to believe that fractalkine differs from other inflammatory cytokines in the development of psoriasis and should be investigated.
Gay, Guillaume. "Application du froid artificiel au traitement des boues et des sols pollués par des métaux lourds : théorie et expériences à petite échelle sur des milieux modèles." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENPC0016.
Full textMondière, Aurélien. "Contrôle des propriétés mécaniques de l’acier Ferrium® M54® par la maîtrise de sa microstructure au cours du traitement thermique dans l’optique d’applications aéronautiques." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0006/document.
Full textFerrium® M54® steel presents an optimized composition, based on 40 years of research and development on secondary hardening steels. This alloy exhibits an excellent Rm/KIC/KISCC balance that allows considering its use in landing gears applications of wide-body aircrafts in the future. However, initial mechanical tests performed by the end-user have shown variability in mechanical properties depending on the applied heat treatment. The main goal of this work is to describe the microstructural evolutions of the alloy M54® during heat treatment and their impact on the resulting mechanical properties with a specific focus on the effect of the cryogenic treatment.The different austenitizing and tempering conditions investigated have shown a stability of the tempering precipitation and mechanical properties. This precipitation has been characterized at different scales and compared with other grades of the same family. On the other hand, depending on cryogenic treatment conditions, a significant variation of the mechanical properties and in particular of the yield strength is observed without any modification in the precipitation distribution and volume fraction or size. Austenite content is critical for the yield strength and is very sensitive to the cryogenic treatment conditions: time and temperature before cryogenic treatment and temperature of cryogenic treatment. An improved heat treatment to obtain reduced and constant austenite content is proposed
Moussa, David. "Destruction du tributylphosphate par effluvage électrique. Utilisation d'un réacteur à décharges glissantes." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES045.
Full textJaaba, Hassan. "Traitement de surfaces polymères à base de copolyester par plasma froid de gaz polymérisables et non polymérisables : Application à la biocompatibilité, la biodégradabilité et à la pervaporation." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20202.
Full textJudée, Florian. "Liquides activés par jet de plasma froid pour le traitement sélectif du cancer colorectal : synthèse, caractérisation et essais thérapeutiques sur modèles cellulaires 3D in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30344/document.
Full textPlasma devices at atmospheric pressure (AP) generate many physical active species (photons, charged particles, electric field, etc.) and chemical (free radicals, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, etc...). This species are well known for their direct or indirect biological effects thus biomedical treatment by low temperature plasma jets at AP is currently a hot research topic. The upsurge of radioresistance and chemoresistance of microorganisms and cancer cells requires the development of new biomedical treatment. In this general context, the present work is a step towards the understanding of the effect induced by low temperature plasma jets at atmospheric pressure on colorectal cancer (second leading cause of death by cancer in France). This thesis focuses on the implementation of an in vitro biological model (multicellular tumor spheroid of colorectal cancer HCT116) in 3 dimensions which allows to take into account key parameters in tumor proliferation. This model is also well suited for the prediction of in vivo results in the aim of a subsequent clinical study. Further research about kinetic reactions of active species has been studied from the plasma device up to intracellular interactions through physical, biological and chemical analyses. Indirect treatment of tumors was carried out through helium plasma jet activated liquids. This solution was chosen for its relevance for endoscopic treatment of colorectal cancer. Interaction between plasma activated liquid and multicellular tumor spheroids has shown two distinct pathways. The first one is the genotoxicity of activated medium induced by the occurrence of hydrogen peroxide which induced DNA damages once penetrated in intracellular medium and leading to cell death by apoptosis. A direct interaction between free radicals generated in liquid medium and the latter components (amino acids, glucose, etc.) associated with the occurrence of nitrites and nitrates induces a long-term antiproliferative effect of plasma activated liquid. Chemical pathways of the formation of these active species were identified by using different analysis techniques such as electron paramagnetic resonance and optical emission spectroscopy. Therapeutic analysis have also demonstrated that plasma activated liquid damage preferentially colon cancer cells rather than healthy cells making it a particularly promising selective treatment method. The design and the characterization of a second plasma jet using argon as a carrier gas was carried out with the aim to improve the antiproliferative effect of plasmas on tumors while taking into account the requirement for the use of such device for colorectal cancer treatment
Raimbault, Astride-Kim. "Le brunissement interne de l’ananas (Ananas comosus. (L). M) induit par un traitement au froid en post-récolte : physiopathie, mise au point d’outils moléculaires, expression de gènes et activités enzymatiques impliquées dans le catabolisme protéique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1114.
Full textPineapple fruits (Ananas comosus. (L). M) require postharvest chilling treatment (PCT) in order to extend the postharvest fruit quality during shipping exportation. However PCT induces an injury known as blackheart (BH), or fruit browning, which is characterized by the appearance of brown spots in the flesh. This work has focused on the study of the development of BH physiopathy in the context of postharvest treatment in 4 pineapple varieties differing in their resistance to BH. Results showed that BH was associated with high membrane tolerance, low activity of polyphenol oxidase and absence of the related isoforms. Under chilling stress, the activities of both phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and ascorbate peroxidase were enhanced in the BH susceptible variety. Various genes involved in protein catabolism under abiotic stress were also studied. BH resistance was shown to be linked to the down-regulation of a major cystein protease and to the up-regulation of cystatin, the natural inhibitor of cystein protease. An aspartic acid protease, isolated and sequenced for the first time in pineapple, was also studied. Opposed to cystein protease, the expression and activity of the aspartic acid protease was directly related to BH resistance. Taken together, the results gathered by this work suggest that these genes could provide useful molecular markers for PCR variety screening in breeding programs aimed at improving pineapple BH resistance
Lecoq, Elodie. "Traitement préventif antifongique du pin maritime par post-décharge DBD à la pression atmosphérique et étude de l'action directe des post-déchargess sur les champignons de bleuissement du bois." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00465403.
Full textGrebenshchykova, Zhanna. "Optimisation de la filière de filtres plantés pour l'épuration d'eaux usées municipales en climat continental nordique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0189.
Full textA treatment wetland (TW) system represents a promising solution for wastewater treatment for small-scale communities and allows meeting the discharge criteria in many countries with a temperate or tropical climate. In Quebec province (Canada), almost 49% of municipalities are small-scale communities (< 1000 people-equivalent (PE)) with nonexistent or partial equipment of sewage facilities. This situation demonstrates a serious need of alternative solutions of wastewater treatment. However, the most interesting systems as a vertical flow TW can’t be used as such in cold climate, and so need to be adapted. Therefore this manuscript proposes an innovative study allowing an implementation of a TW solution appropriate to specific features of a cold continental climate. In this thesis research the compact version of a vertical flow TWs was studied through three principal axes: 1) a study focused on an overall functioning taken in account a treatment performances, 2) a thermal properties study focused on a winter-period and 3) a study of woody species using on TWs. This research validates a proposed TW design forcold climate application highlighting a high level of treatment performances as well as a great frost resistance of filtering bed. It was confirmed that woody species is an appropriate solution for this kind of treatment system
Htira, Thouaiba. "Traitement d’eaux usées industrielles par congélation sur paroi froide." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1155/document.
Full textThis work aims to study a process of industrial wastewater treatment by melt crystallization on a cold wall. Two effluent model solutions are chosen: water/acetone and water/propionic acid binary mixtures. First, the solid liquid phase diagrams are determined experimentally in order to delimit the operating range of temperature and concentration. Then, a parametric study of the wastewater treatment process by freezing is performed, by means of an experimental design, for two working modes, static mode and dynamic mode by adding a recirculation loop, respectively. The impurity concentration in the ice is analyzed after each freezing cycle. The process requires applying very precise conditions and the ice concentration mainly depends on the initial solution concentration and on the applied cooling rate. The ice microstructure is also characterized by optical microscopy in a cold chamber and gives insights into the mechanism of impurity incorporation: the liquid inclusions are localized under the form of solution pockets at low growth rate or between the polycrystals at higher growth rate. Lastly, 2D axisymmetric modelling of the process in static mode, based on finite elements and taking into account the moving boundary, shows the presence of buoyancy loops in relation with the density dependence of the solution with temperature. In dynamic mode, the hydrodynamics in the annular space is described by a 3D model to account for the positions of the inlet and outlet pipes. All the results demonstrate the process feasibility and allow better understanding of the occurring phenomena
Jama, Charafeddine. "Dépôts en couches minces et traitements de surface assistés par plasma froid différé d'azote." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10105.
Full textFalher, Thierry. "Post-greffage de la n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone sur un film de polypropylene modifie par un plasma froid d'azote." Le Mans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LEMA1005.
Full textMagga, Youssef. "Traitement de surface du polycarbonate par décharge électrique pulsée basse pression : Application de la technique de mesure de la pégosité à la caractérisation du traitement." Pau, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PAUU3028.
Full textThis study is devoted to the surface modification of the polycarbonate using a non-equilibrium AC - pulsed plasma treatment in a 2 mbar-nitrogen atmosphere. During the pulse inside which the plasma is on, a 50 kHz-sinusoïdal voltage is applied between parallel plate electrodes separated by a 1,5 cm gap. We have explored the effect of different electrical parameters (duty factor, treatment time, electrical power,…) on the properties of the surface. The surface characterization is made with the well-known contact angle method and, in addition, we show that a lab-made probe-tack test, less common for this kind of experiments, can be used to analyse the surface. The links between the results of the two methods are discussed. As regards to the plasma process, it is shown that for the treatment time, the power and the energy remaining at constant values, the wettability can still be improved by acting on the temporal distribution of the energy into the discharge, i. E. Without further energy consumption. Some results on the chemical characterization of the treated surfaces are given
Berthout, Guillaume. "Développement industriel d'une plate-forme prototype : applications au traitement de surfaces et à la stérilisation par plasmas froids." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE2062.
Full textGuézénoc, Hervé. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adhérence acier/polymère par la mise en oeuvre de traitements de surfaces par plasma froid basse fréquence (2. 5kHz)." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30278.
Full textCosimi, Julien. "Caractérisations d'un jet de plasma froid d'hélium à pression atmosphérique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30136.
Full textCold atmospheric pressure plasma jets are a subject of great interest in many biomedical fields for the past decade. In the various applications of these jets, the plasma generated can interact with many types of surfaces. Plasma jets influence the treated surfaces, but it is now well known that the treated surface also influences the plasma according to their characteristics. The work carried out in this thesis therefore aims to characterize a cold helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet in contact with three surfaces (dielectric, metallic and ultrapure water) by means of different electrical and optical diagnostics in order to understand the influence of the nature of the surfaces on the physical properties of the plasma and the chemical species generated. The first part of this thesis is focused on the study of the influence of surfaces on the plasma jet. Different parameters are studied, such as the nature of treated surfaces, the gas flow, the distance between the outlet of the device and the surface or the composition of the injected gas. For this purpose, helium flow at the outlet of the device is followed by Schlieren imagery with and without the discharge. Emission spectroscopy is used to determine the emissive species generated by the plasma. ICCD imagery is employed to follow the generation and the propagation of the discharge and the distribution of several excited species in the jet by using band-pass interference filters. A dielectric target causes the ionization wave to spread over its surface and a conductive target leads to the formation of a conduction channel. The evolution of excited species densities (OH*, N2*, He* and O*) increases with the relative permittivity of the treated surface. As well known, active species generated by plasma jets play a fundamental role in the kinetics and the chemistry of the mechanisms linked to plasma processes. The second part of the present work therefore relates to the spatial and temporal evaluation of the densities of the hydroxyl radical OH which plays a major role in many cellular mechanisms. The spatial mapping and the temporal evolution of the absolute and relative densities of OH are obtained by LIF and PLIF laser diagnostics. The density of OH generated increases with the electrical conductivity of the treated surface. It can be noted that the OH molecules remain present in the helium channel between two consecutive discharges (several tens of microseconds). Finally, we focus on the production of chemical species in ultrapure water treated with plasma. The influence of different parameters on the concentration of species in the treated water has been studied to optimize the production of chemical species. In experimental conditions, grounding the ultrapure water during treatment increases the concentration of H2O2. Furthermore, the grounding induces a decrease in the NO2- concentration
Tenn, Nadine. "Amélioration des propriétés barrière à l’eau et au dioxygène des films EVOH et PLA par traitements de surface par plasma froid et incorporation de nanocharges." Rouen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ROUES027.
Full textThe aim of the present work was to study the water and oxygen transport properties of EVOH and PLA films destinated for packaging application. Unfortunately, their structural characteristics limit their practical application. In order to overcome this drawback two different types of modification were proposed: surface modification by plasma treatment and bulk modification by incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles. The surface modification of the polymer film was performed by hydrophobic plasma treatment using CF4, CF4/H2 and CF4/C2H2 gases and tetramethyl silane. It was shown that such treatments improved the water barrier properties by decreasing the water solubility in the treated polymer films. The influence of different plasma treatments on the film properties was found to be a function of the polymer nature. Also, the elaboration of nanocomposites based on PLA matrix and Cloisite® 30B nanoparticles were elaborated. The incorporation of impermeable nanoparticles into PLA matrix increased the diffusion pathway due to the tortuous effect. An improvement of the water and oxygen barrier properties was observed due to the decreasing of the permeant molecule diffusion through the nanocomposites. In the case of both modifications, the presence of the plasticization effect was noticed. Finally, the correlation between the transport mechanism and the physical and structural properties of the polymer films was determined
Hugon, Robert. "Diagnostics d'un plasma pulse d'azote pour l'étude de sa réactivité : comparaison des résultats expérimentaux avec un modèle numérique." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10427.
Full textGuo, Xueping. "Etude des procédés d'élaboration et caractérisation des revêtements de bronze et de ses composites préparés par projection à froid." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603634.
Full textMichel, Valérie. "Modifications de surface de membranes polymères par greffage de nouveaux récepteurs induit par plasma : application au transport de métaux." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20127.
Full textGillet, Vincent. "Revêtement de cuivre par projection à froid basse pression sur substrats d'aluminium texturés et composites PEEK/Carbone. Approche expérimentale et numérique. : approche expérimentale et numérique." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4002/document.
Full textLow Pressure Cold Spray is an emerging thermal spraying process increasingly appreciated in the industry for its simplicity, low cost and versatility. In order to enhance coatings characteristics, aluminum substrates were laser-textured with holes of varying dimensions distributed in a regular pattern before being coated with copper. An optimization of the holes dimensions led to an increase of the adhesion for Cu/Al2O3 coatings by +81% compared to a raw substrate. These results were analyzed using a mathematical model developed during the thesis allowing to calculate the surface increase induced by the laser texturing. Moreover a characterization of the residual stresses by XRD through the thickness revealed the uniformity of compressive stresses in the deposit. In a second time copper deposits were made on PEEK/Carbon composites. The need to have an organic matrix layer on the composite surface has been highlighted in order to avoid substrate erosion and allow the coating construction. A spraying strategy based on a variation of the powders granulometry being sprayed has therefore been developed in order to reduce the porosity and obtain electrically conductive coatings. In addition to this experimental aspect, a 3D dynamic model has been developed on Abaqus/Explicit. This model allowed to study the influence of the projection parameters and the substrate surface state on the particles deformation during the impact and the induced residual stresses
Gallou, Hélène. "Amélioration du comportement au feu du polyamide 6,6 par traitement de surface et en masse." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10186/document.
Full textThe main objective of this study concerns the development of fire retardant PA66 formulations, reinforced or not with glass fibers, uses for electrical material. The experimental approaches studies the influence of non-halogenous organophosphorous flame retardant, such as melamine polyphosphate, phosphinate, or melamine cyanurate on the fire performance of the PA66 in order to understand the fireproofing mechanisms. The efficiency in terms of fire protection defines the OP1230 as optimal flame retardant. The attention was related more particularly to the formulation with the minimal amount of additive so that the product present to the fire conditions for electric applications. The thermal degradation study shows that no new species are identified during the degradation which indicates that no chemical reaction appears. This means that only physical interactions could explain the improved fire behavior of the heated formulation. The evolution of the intermediate structures has been investigated and mechanisms have been proposed according to the conclusions made. The second axis of the study concerns the use of surface treatments to fireproof the polymer surface. Thin layer deposits using cold plasma assisted polymerization technique or thicker layer by intumescent coating applications were carried out on the PA66-25 % FV after surface activation. Both processes allows to preserve the mechanical and physical properties of the polymer. The last step of the work was to apply the surface treatment on PA66 containing 5 % OP1230 which gives very satisfying results in terms of fire protection, the OP1230 showed the best efficiency in terms of fire protection
Lecoq, Elodie. "Traitement préventif antifongique du pin maritime par post-décharge DBD à la pression atmosphérique et étude de l'action directe des post-décharges sur les champignons de bleuissement du bois." Pau, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PAUU3034.
Full textThe aim of this work was to study the potentialities of cold plasma treatments for preventive and curative fungicidal applications on Pinus Pinaster. Treatments were realized by exposing samples to afterglows, generated in Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) reactors. For preventive application, the aim is to define if DBD afterglow treatment could be used to avoid leachability of fungicidal products used in wood industry. A fungicidal molecule containing a reactive group and a quaternary ammonium was synthesized. It can be fixed on wood by a covalent bond and its leaching can that way be avoided. It was shown that an afterglow treatment could improve the kinetics of grafting reaction in comparison with treatment by heating. An afterglow assisted fixation of this molecule on wood can consequently protect it durably against blue-stain fungi attacks. For Curative application, direct effect of afterglows on fungi spores was studied. It was shown that afterglow exposure of Aureabasidium pullulans, Ceratocystis Sp. , Penicillium Sp. And Gliocladium Sp. Spores could lead to a quasi-total inhibition of their growth, even for less than 10 minutes treatment duration. Consequently, this PhD work has shown that DBD afterglow treatments could provide solutions in wood industry, for fungicidal preventive and curative applications
Liu, Bo. "Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma interacting with water for biological applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX049/document.
Full textNon-Thermal-Plasmas (NTP) produced by electric discharges are weakly ionized gases, which keeps the gas temperature at near room temperature contrary to the electron temperature which can reach several electron-Volts. Applications of NTP to medicine and agriculture are new multidisciplinary research fields based on interactions of the Non-Thermal-Plasmas with living organisms. Electric field as well as Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species produced by NTP may inactivate bacteria, stimulate skin regeneration (dermatology), tumor reduction (oncology) and seeds germination (agriculture). These new fields of research are based on the plasma-liquid chemistry. The objective of this work is to study the NTP interacting with water for biological applications including on one hand, the promotion of the germination of seeds using a Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) and on the other hand, the effect of a plasma jet treatment ex vivo on skinThis manuscript is divided in five chapters: i) First a literature review is presented showing the state of the art of the plasma-liquid interaction, and the main advances of the application of non thermal plasmas to seed germination. Ii) Second, experimental set ups are described, in particular the manufacturing of plasma reactors using 3D printing. Iii) then , the production of gaseous and aqueous reactive species formed by DBD plasmas was measured quantitatively and plasma-liquid interaction was analyzed. Iv) Next, different varieties of seeds were selected to evaluate the effect of a DBD plasma treatment and the study of the mechanisms of plasma germination promotion was specifically investigated by treating mung bean seeds in different discharge conditions, in different mediums, in electric field alone and in different hydration levels of seeds.v) Finally, Muller parametric imaging (MPI) was applied to study the modification of ex vivo mice skin treated by a helium jet plasma
Nguyen, Vinh Xuan. "Mecanismes de la resistance au gel de l'embryon de pommier (pyrus malus l. Cv. Golden delicious)." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066554.
Full textAndrieux, Aurore. "Traitements thermochimiques basse température assistés par plasmas d’un acier inoxydable austénitique pour la micro-structuration de surface d’un contact lubrifié." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0095/document.
Full textSurface patterning can improve friction properties of a lubricated contact by the generation of hydrodynamic pressure. The objective of the ANR project MicroGaMe was to pattern the surface of a mechanical seal in austenitic stainless steel. We developed a process based on the use of low-temperature plasma-assisted thermochemical treatments (nitriding and carburizing). The study of the treated layers leads to a better understanding of its nature and of the formation mechanisms and also reveals the presence of nanoprecipitates. During the treatments, a deformation occurs in a direction perpendicular to the surface (called “swelling”) as a consequence of high internal stresses, which can be used as an original patterning driving force. To obtain a “positive” pattern, we treated samples through laser-cut steel plates. A “negative” motif (cavitie) requires the use of a discontinuous mask so we tested different deposition techniques. As the specific shape and dimensions needed for the application to a mechanical seal cannot be obtained with this approach, we also develop an ion etching process, which has been successfully applied to real size piece
Faider, Wilfrid. "Traitement de l’acétaldéhyde par décharges électriques impulsionnelles dans les mélanges de gaz atmosphériques : cinétique et efficacité énergétique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112023/document.
Full textThe present study deals with the kinetics analysis of acetaldehyde (CH₃CHO) conversion in electrical discharges with different spatial qualities et at room temperature. Acetaldehyde concentrations up to 5000 ppm in nitrogen-based gas mixture containing up to 20% of oxygen have been investigated. Three different plasma reactors were used: an UV510 reactor producing a homogeneous plasma thanks to a pre-ionization by UV radiation (photo-triggered), a plane-to-plane and a rod-tube dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) reactors, In both DBDs reactors discharges were driven by high voltage pulses allowing the production of weakly inhomogeneous plasma in the plane geometry and highly filamentary discharges in the cylindrical one. A high speed imaging diagnostic (ns range) of the plane-to-plane DBD shows that the plasma can be considered quasi-homogeneous. Based on a self-consistent 0D model, the kinetics study of the N₂/CH₃CHO mixture conversion in the photo-triggered discharge shows the importance of nitrogen molecule metastable states , i.e. the triplet A³Σu⁺ and the singlets group a' ¹∑⁻u, a ¹∏g, et w ¹Δu, in the acetaldehyde dissociation process. A minimum coefficient of 6.5×10⁻¹¹ cm³.s⁻¹ has been estimated for the quenching of N₂ singlets state by acetaldehyde. For the triplet states quenching the coefficient of has been evaluated between 4.2×10⁻¹¹ cm³.s⁻¹ and 6.5×10⁻¹¹ cm³.s⁻¹. This dissociation process produces radicals as CH₃, CH₃CO, HCO, H, O, and molecules like CH₄, CH₂CO, C₂H₄, C₂H₂, H₂, CO. Thus, the major by-products detected at the end of the post-discharge time are methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and ethane; smaller amounts of acetylene, ethene, acetone and acetonitrile were also detected. In containing oxygen mixtures, the importance of the CH3CHO dissociation processes due to N₂ metastable states quenching of decreases in favor of oxidation processes promoted by the hydroxyl radical, OH, and atomic oxygen, O (³P). Time-resolved measurements of the OH radical in the photo-triggered post-discharge show a very high reactivity of this radical with the by-products of acetaldehyde conversion. A maximum density of OH radical equal to 3.5×10¹⁴ cm⁻³ was measured for 10% oxygen and 5000 ppm of acetaldehyde. The kinetic scheme adopted in the self-consistent model for the same gas mixture gives a higher density value; by the way the model is in good agreement with the acetaldehyde conversion in N₂/O₂/CH₃CHO mixtures, as well as with the methane and ethane produced concentrations. Finally, the comparison of the three studied reactors energy efficiency shows that, for low oxygen content (less than 2%), the homogeneity of the discharge promotes the acetaldehyde conversion
Couty, Magdalèna. "Etude du procédé de réalisation de micro-antennes souples implantables pour l’Imagerie médicale par Résonance Magnétique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112323/document.
Full textMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for the diagnosis and the monitoring of diseases in the frame of research models developed on small animal in neurosciences. This application requires a high spatial resolution and a high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) using a high magnetic field (7 T) and a highly sensitive miniaturized coil, implanted near the interest area. The coilmonolithic design, called Multi-turn Transmission Lines Resonator (MTLR), allows theminiaturization below the centimeter scale and the clean-room technology. To reduce the invasive aspect of implantation, the coil was fabricated on a flexible substrate: FEP Teflon® or PDMS. To overcome adhesion issues related to these polymers, specific plasma treatments were applied to FEPTeflon® while a transfer process dedicated to PDMS was developed. Besides mechanical reliability, the thickness of the PDMS coating ensuring the coil biocompatibility, was optimized to limit the dielectric coupling with tissues and thus to keep suitable electromagnetic characteristics for 7 T MRI when the coil is implanted. This work allowed the achievement of the first images of the rat brain acquired in vivo using an implanted soft coil. These images have shown a 5-fold enhanced SNRcompared with the ones acquired using a commercial quadrature coil. Other applications in the biomedical field are open by this work: sensors for the dielectric characterization of tissues, integrated microcoils and pressure sensors in microfluidic channels
Abd, Jelil Radhia. "Modélisation de la relation entre les paramètres du procédé plasma et les caractéristiques de la qualité du matériau textile par apprentissage de données physiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10017/document.
Full textAtmospheric plasma treatment seems to be a good way to treat quickly, cheaply and ecologically textile material surfaces. Despite these advantages, it is extremely difficult to understand the complex non-linear relationship between the plasma processing parameters and the final properties of materials. Therefore, the study and optimization of such process must be based on an exploitation of intelligent techniques such as fuzzy logic and neural networks. In a first part, the impact of atmospheric air Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma treatment is studied on different types of polyester and viscose woven fabrics. In order to get a better understanding on how the structure of woven fabrics influence on the results of the plasma treatment, a selection of the most relevant parameters was carried out by using a fuzzy logic based sensitivity variation criterion. This work shows that that the electric power, the treatment speed, the composition, the fibers fineness, the air permeability, the weave construction and the summit density have an influence on the wettability and the capillarity of fabrics. Lastly, a neural network approach was developed to predict the relationship between the selected input parameters and the fabric hydrophilic properties. Very satisfactory results were obtained and show a good capacity of generalization. Moreover, a quantitative analysis based on the weights of connections was conducted to analyze the relative importance of the input parameters. The results of this analysis are coherent with those obtained by using the fuzzy logic based sensitivity variation criterion. Thus, this finding confirms, on the one hand, the influence of the selected parameters and, on the other hand, it shows the efficiency of neural networks