Academic literature on the topic 'Traits morphologiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Traits morphologiques"
Heap, David, and Yves Roberge. "Cliticisation et théorie syntaxique, 1971-2001*." Revue québécoise de linguistique 30, no. 1 (June 19, 2003): 63–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/000514ar.
Full textAlajne, Fateh, and Ali Ferchichi. "Caractérisation Pomologique de 21 Cultivars Locaux de Figuier (Ficus carica L.) Cultivés dans les Oasis Tunisiennes." JOURNAL OF OASIS AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.56027/joasd.052019.
Full textDorais, Louis-Jacques. "Notes sur l’inuktitut parlé à Iqaluit (Nunavut)." Études/Inuit/Studies 26, no. 1 (October 19, 2004): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/009280ar.
Full textErjavec, Grozdana, Geoffrey Ventalon, and Charles Tijus. "Facial impressions of dominance: Exploring the construct’s factor structure in young French adults." L’Année psychologique Vol. 123, no. 4 (November 17, 2023): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/anpsy1.234.0543.
Full textAlexandra Heathcote, Paulson Des Brisay, Christopher De Ruyck, Paula Grieef, and Nicola Koper. "Morphological traits of four land bird species in Grenada." Journal of Caribbean Ornithology 34 (May 17, 2021): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.55431/jco.2021.34.41-52.
Full textDurand, J., and J. Surprenant. "Relations entre les caractères morphologiques et la qualité chez la fléole des prés (Phleum pratense L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 803–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-103.
Full textDe Koninck, Hélène Legendre. "Les villes du patrimoine mondial : capitales du temps." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 35, no. 94 (April 12, 2005): 9–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022157ar.
Full textDe Koninck, Hélène Legendre. "Les villes du Patrimoine mondial (2e partie)." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 40, no. 111 (April 12, 2005): 365–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022587ar.
Full textCychnerski, Tomasz. "Les marques des traits morphosyntaxiques et les contraintes morphonologiques dans la flexion substantivale roumaine." Linguistica Copernicana 18 (January 25, 2022): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/lincop.2021.017.
Full textBelkadi, Bouchra, Nourredine Assali, and Ouafae Benlhabib. "Variation of specific morphological traits and ploidy level of five Aegilops L. species in Morocco." Acta Botanica Malacitana 28 (January 1, 2003): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/abm.v28i0.7265.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Traits morphologiques"
Ibanez, Sébastien. "Traits morphologiques et biochimiques impliqués dans la spécialisation de Trollius europaeus sur les pollinisateurs de graines Chiastocheta spp." Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10071.
Full textInteractions between species are a major driving force in evolution. We show here which morphological and biochemical traits evolved during the specialisation of the European globeflower (Trollius europaeus) on seed-eating pollinator flies (Chiastocheta spp). The globular shape is a key factor in the specific attraction of chiastochetes. Globular flowers produce more seeds (4%, they suffer higher predation but are better pollinated) and moreover export more pollen (85%) than artificially open flowers. An adaptive dynamics model shows that the evolution of the globular shape requires a minimal pollination efficiency by chiastochetes relatively to alternative pollinators that do not eat seeds, but also a maximal efficiency: if the chiastochetes are “too” efficient, to attract a lot of them rather than a few confers no advantage. The attraction of pollinators is also mediated by olfactive signals. Several volatile compounds emitted by the globeflower trigger an electrophysiological response in chiastochetes (methyl salicylate, Z-jasmone, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, E,E-α-farnesene, linalool). Field behavioural observations of chiastochetes visits have shown that the variability of the volatile compounds inside the flowers explains a part of the variability of the visits, together with morphological and pigmentation traits. Interactions between plants and seed predators are conflictual: the plants tend to reduce predation costs. A flavonoid close to luteolin, adonivernith, accumulates in the carpel walls when the damages caused by the larvae increase, leading to a reduction of predation intensity. The six Chiastocheta studied species have different exploitation patterns in the fruit, they induce and are affected by adonivernith in specific ways : this chemical defence could be involved in the sympatric speciation of the genus. The traits involved in the globeflower specialisation on chiastochetes are simultaneously mutualistic (globular floral morphology, floral colour and volatile compounds) and antagonistic (chemical defence against the larvae). The contradictions of this trait mosaic are a factor of evolution
Boubakar, Leila. "Rôle des Septines dans la transmission de traits morphologiques au cours de la neurogenèse des ganglions des racines dorsales." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1139.
Full textNeurite formation is a crucial step of neuronal differentiation. However, the mechanisms that determine how and at which position neurites emerge in the soma are still poorly understood. We postulated that a molecular polarity could prefigure the morphological differentiation, with some molecules that could accumulate at the future site of axon initiation. Interestingly, such molecular polarity has been evidenced in the contest of yeast budding, with bud forming at specific position relatively to the previous bud site. Genome-wide screen identified hundreds of proteins that control bud site location. Among the vertebrate molecules homologous to those involved in budding site selection, we selected the Septins as promising candidates. These GTP-ases form filaments that act as diffusion barriers and molecular scaffolds. We investigated the contribution of Septins to axon initiation using the chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons as a model. Monitoring of cell morphology in nascent ganglia indicates that DRG neurons form a single axon at the ventral pole and a second one at the dorsal pole and that these axons seem to emerge directly after their last division. This suggests that two initiation sites are selected at opposite pole of the soma.We found that Septins homologous with those controlling budding are expressed in the early DRG developmental stages. My analyses by time-lapse video-microscopy showed that Septin7 accumulate at the site of axon emergence, just before or during its formation.We observed that a pharmacological inhibitor and a dominant-negative construct block axon formation both in vitro and in vivo respectively. Furthermore, blocking Septin function leads to the appearance of uncommon round or sea urchin-like neurons. Thus, Septins appear to regulate early step of morphological differentiation of DRG neurons, possibly by controlling axon initiation site selection
García, Ibarra Fátima Abigail. "Résistance des fourmis à l'augmentation de température : approche comparative des effets de la précipitation, des traits morphologiques et de l'activité de bioturbation dans les sols." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS066.pdf.
Full textClimate change is one of the most relevant phenomena for biodiversity today. Although it is a complex phenomenon that affects practically all aspects of the climate, the increase in temperature stands out as one of the most important aspects due to its direct impact on all levels of organism organization. Despite virtually all forms of life already experiencing the consequences of this temperature increase, invertebrates, especially insects such as ants, are particularly susceptible. Since they cannot directly regulate their body temperature, they depend on ambient temperature to regulate their metabolism.Ants, being one of the most important groups of insects, are present in almost all terrestrial environments, occupying various ecological niches and playing a fundamental role in generating ecosystem services. Understanding how the increase in global temperatures affects ant populations is crucial to comprehend the strategies they use to cope with climate change.One of the most significant activities of ants is bioturbation, involving the mobilization of soil particles and the modification of its properties. This activity gives ants the role of ecosystem engineers, as their actions modify, maintain, and even generate habitats for themselves and other organisms.Although the classical approach to analysing temperature resistance in ants relies on the analysis of the Critical Thermal Maximum (CTmax), this method focuses solely on physiological adaptations without considering other important factors in determining resistance. This thesis aimed to analyse the response of ants to temperature increase in different environments, observing crucial aspects of their biology at various levels of organization.At the organism level, I explored the relationship between CTmax and some morphological functional traits in populations from diverse environments. I investigated whether polymorphism conferred any advantage in terms of temperature resistance. At the colony scale, I examined the effects of different temperatures on the surface and their impacts on the architecture of underground nests and colony development in a species from a temperate environment. Finally, at the community level, I focused on how abiotic conditions, including humidity, modify the abundance, richness, and structure of an ant community in a temperate environment, and how this affects their bioturbation activity.This comprehensive approach allowed for the development of a model for analysing temperature resistance that, to the best of my knowledge, has not been proposed before. In this model, I suggest that temperature resistance, assessed by CTmax and/or morphological traits as indicators, depends on bioturbation capacity of ants and habitat resilience. According to this model, ants may maintain their current resistance by increasing their bioturbation activity, adapting nests to temperatures when the environment allows it. However, this capacity is limited by habitat resilience, as temperate environments are expected to offer more potential niches for ants, while in xeric environments, niches could be even scarcer than they are currently under increased temperatures
Mony, Cendrine. "Plasticité phénotypique et compétitivité chez les hydrophytes : étude expérimentale et de modélisation de Ranunculus peltatus Schrank." Metz, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2003/Garbey.Cendrine.SMZ0330.pdf.
Full textPhenotypic plasticity is an important aspect of how plants develop, function and evolve in their environments. This thesis aimed at investigating the ecological significance of plasticity in hydrophytes and analysing its influence on plant competitiveness. We selected, as a study model, Ranunculus peltatus Schrank, well-known for its high plasticity. Its adaptations to nutrient or light stress and to disturbances were analysed through in situ, laboratory and semi-controlled experiments and a modelling approach. The following results were highlighted: R. Peltatus adapted its biological traits according to stress and disturbance via different resource allocation patterns. R. Peltatus rapidly adjusted its morphology in response to variations in shade and water depth following classical adaptive patterns. Adaptations developed in response to nutrient stress were essentially physiological and consisted mainly in the increase of nutrient uptake and nutrient-use efficiency in stressful conditions. With respect to disturbance, R. Peltatus regeneration types were plastic. Mechanistic modelisation was used to simulate and improve the understanding of adaptative patterns highlighted experimentally. This approach constituted a first step in the evaluation of costs and benefits of a physiological adaptation in response to environmental stress. Hence, adaptive plasticity favours R. Peltatus competitiveness and its ability to colonise and adapt to new sites. A large number of hydrophytes possesses this capacity. Its competitive interests is therefore essentially dependent on the plant combination of traits and on the amplitude and dynamic of their plastic adjustments
Rioux-Paquette, Élise. "Effets de la consanguinite sur les traits d'histoire de vie, les caracteristiques morphologiques et le choix de partenaire du mouflon d'amerique (Ovis canadensis)." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4839.
Full textAchard, Raphaël. "Etude du fonctionnement d'associations entre le bananier et une couverture vivante ; évaluation des potentialités et stratégies d'utilisation de plantes de service pour contrôler les adventices." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLA036/document.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis was to provide an approach to identify suitable cover crops (Pds) for weed control use in banana plantations. Firstly, we quantified the reciprocal effects between the banana crop and a grass cover controlled by mowing, for Brachiaria decumbens or Cynodon dactylon. These cover crops have had similar depressive effects on the nitrogen nutrition and on the productivity of the first cycle, but not afterward during the second cycle. Second step, we carried out a field characterization of eight legume cover crops, on isolated plants, under a range of light intensity. In non-limited light growth conditions, the biomass growth corresponded to an exponential dynamic, mathematically defined for each species by the biomass 14 days after sowing, and the relative growth rate (RGR). When affected by the shade, the RGR was reduced and the ratio between Leaf area and aerial plant biomass increased. We defined four adaptive strategies of the cover crops to the shade, what constitute criteria guidelines for cover crop use in banana cropping systems. For three of these species, on the basis of the response of the radiation use efficiency, we are proposing a plant growth model without any limiting factor other than light resource. In stands with the presence of weeds, neither of this cover crops was able to control the tall gramineous, but Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema pascuorum reduced the biomass of other weeds by 60%. Finally, in banana plantations, the two evaluated species provided a control of the weeds but reduced the productivity of the first cycle. Our results are comforting for the use of cover crops in banana plantation as a mean for weed control
Minot, Marceau. "Traits biologiques et facteurs environnementaux structurant les mouvements locaux et la dispersion des libellules( Insecta, Odonata) dans les réseaux de mares. Pond creation and restoration:: patterns of odonate colonisation and community dynamics Biometry of the large dragonfly Anax imperator (Odonata, Aeshnidae):: A study of traits from larval development to adults Effects of water pollution on the larval development and condition of the adults at emergence in Aeshna cyanea (Odonata: Aeshnidae) Habitat use and movements of a large dragonfly (Odonata: Anax imperator) in a pond network. Diversity and genetic structure of Anax imperator populations at the European scale." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR031.
Full textDuring the last decades, the number of ponds decreased by more than 50 % in European countries, occasionally reaching up to 90 % in some regions. Their decline in number has led to a strong loss of connectivity between waterbodies. Yet, these small and scattered ecosystems are essential for the life cycle of a high diversity of freshwater species. Land use policies like the creation of Greenways and Blueways in France aim to improve ecological continuities to allow maintenance of existent biological populations and exchanges between them. However, the connectivity between ponds must be considered according to the dispersal abilities of freshwater species and this information often lacks to guide restoration measures. In the present work, we studied the dispersal abilities of dragonflies on several spatial scales and investigated the biological traits and environmental factors that shaped their movements. In the first part, we evaluated the colonization of 20 ponds in Normandy by dragonflies during three years after pond restoration or pond creation. The results highlight high colonization rates during the first year and no difference in species richness was found between newly created or restored ponds. This suggests that restoration of ponds after complete drought should not always be prioritized over pond creation in management strategies. We found that generalist species were more present in the first year after pond creation or restoration, whereas the occurrence of forest specialists increased with the age of the pond. The results also highlighted that the landscape context around ponds (i.e. forest vs. open lands) had an effect on the composition of dragonfly communities. Finally, the total abundance of odonate species was related to the density of other ponds in the surroundings. This result emphasizes that highly connected ponds can support larger populations than isolated ones and thus, be more resilient to perturbations. The second part provides insights into the larval development of Anax imperator and the relationship between morphological traits of larvae and adults. The results suggest that the survival of this species might depend on its body length during the maturation period. We also tried to study the natal dispersal by marking 87 individuals at emergence, but only two males were resighted after the maturation period. Finally, the effect of two water pollutants (i.e. Round-up and DEET) at different concentrations was also investigated on the larval development and adults of Aeshna cyanea. Larvae were reared under laboratory conditions and exposed to concentrations up to 30 mg.L-1 of the two pollutants. No effect of the pollutants was detected on the morphological conditions of larvae or tenerals, suggesting that A. cyanea is tolerant to potential water pollution of ponds. The level of HSP70 stress protein was also similar according to the different treatments, but teneral adults presented higher levels of stress than larvae, suggesting that emergence induced a high stress in the individuals. The third part focuses on the dispersal of A. imperator. We first assessed the local movements within a pond network in the Normandy region
Su, Guohuan. "Cartographie de la biodiversité mondiale, profilage des espèces envahissantes et élaboration d'un indice global du changement de la biodiversité basé sur les facettes taxonomiques, fonctionnelles et phylogénétiques de la biodiversité des poissons d'eau douce." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30292.
Full textBiodiversity is a multifaceted concept that includes three main components, namely taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity. Biogeographical studies have paid more attention to the first two facets while the patterns and drivers of functional diversity and their changes because of global change remains largely unknown at the global scale. These knowledge gaps are especially large for freshwater fishes, because they not only account for a quarter of vertebrates and support the functioning and stability of ecosystems, but are also one the most threatened vertebrates groups in the world. Thus this thesis aims to improve the understanding of the functional diversity of global freshwater fishes and bridge the gap between taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic facets to evaluate the impacts of human activities on the multifaceted biodiversity of global fishes. Towards this aim, we first built a trait database describing the morphology of 10 600 species occurring in over 2 400 river basins all over the six terrestrial realms. First, we assessed the distributions of the morphological traits within the fauna of each realm. We revealed that fish morphological traits are different between realms and that morphologically extreme species are distributed in all realms. Second, using a multi-traits approach at the basin scale we found that the historical functional diversities have been shaped by habitat, energy and history-related variables. Third, we demonstrated that morphology differs between species that have never been introduced species and those that were introduced and those that were even established. Last, using a novel cumulative index combining changes in six facets of biodiversity we found that human activities have markedly affected fish biodiversity in more than half of the world river (52.8%, 1 297 rivers). Those biodiversity changes were primarily due to alterations of water connectivity and introductions of non-native species. This work underlined the potential of morphological features in the study of global freshwater fish functional diversity, and the combination of functional phylogenetic and taxonomic features in a novel multifaceted biodiversity change index will constitute a useful tool for biological conservation
Morin, Soizic. "Bioindication des effets des pollutions métalliques sur les communautés de diatomées benthiques : approches in situ et expérimentales." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164971.
Full textLiu, Yongbo. "Conséquences écologiques et évolutives du flux de gènes entre Brassica napus transgénique et ses apparentés sauvages." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00584017.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Traits morphologiques"
FAILLE, Arnaud. "Faune souterraine et biogéographie." In La biogéographie, 159–80. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9060.ch6.
Full textREUTNER, Ursula. "Variation régionale et norme endogène dans la littérature africaine francophone." In L’expansion de la norme endogène du français en francophonie, 227–44. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.7149.
Full textde la Sayette, Vincent. "Chapitre 14. Imagerie morphologique et neuropsychologie." In Traité de neuropsychologie clinique, 183–93. De Boeck Supérieur, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/dbu.eusta.2008.01.0183.
Full textGil, Roger, and Michel Wager. "Neuro-anatomie morphologique et fonctionnelle." In Traité Pratique de Neuropsychologie Clinique de L'adulte, e1-e168. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-76689-3.00030-9.
Full textGil, Roger, and Michel Wager. "Neuro-anatomie morphologique et fonctionnelle." In Traité Pratique de Neuropsychologie Clinique de L'adulte, 13–26. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-76689-3.00001-2.
Full textLIU, Sicong, Francesca BOVOLO, Lorenzo BRUZZONE, Qian DU, and Xiaohua TONG. "Détection non supervisée des changements dans des images multitemporelles." In Détection de changements et analyse des séries temporelles d’images 1, 5–40. ISTE Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51926/iste.9056.ch1.
Full textRousset, Marie-Odile, and Marie Rochette. "Chapitre 6 – Observations morphologiques et traces matérielles de Chalcis/Qinnasrin." In Chalcis/Qinnasrin (Syrie), 101–59. MOM Éditions, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.momeditions.13512.
Full textReports on the topic "Traits morphologiques"
Dufour, Quentin, David Pontille, and Didier Torny. Contracter à l’heure de la publication en accès ouvert. Une analyse systématique des accords transformants. Ministère de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52949/2.
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