Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Traits robustes'
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Adda, Gilles. "Reconnaissance de grands vocabulaires : une étude syntaxique et lexicale." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112386.
Full textChatillon, Marie-Maud. "Méthodologie de conception robuste appliquée aux trains de véhicules de tourisme." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECDL0032.
Full textThe design methodology "frist design" for mechanical systems is presented. It is based on a hierarchical organization of the design taken into account the notion of robustness at an early phase of the design. The aim is to improve the quality of the system in order that il became robust, less sensitive to the variability of the exterior parameters and the design parameters. The performances and the design variables are introduced all along the design cycle. As an example, the methodology will be applied to the optimization of a vehicle suspension system design parameters. First of all the functional parameters will be optimized in order to improve the vehicle road behavior. These parameters will be then used as target for the material parameters optimization which define the detailed characterics of each part ensuring an optimal behavior whatever the external conditions
Genthial, Damien. "Contribution à la construction d'un système robuste d'analyse du français." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339501.
Full textWu, Song. "A robust approach for genetic mapping of complex traits." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0022399.
Full textTzamourani, Panagiota. "Robustness, semiparametric estimation and goodness-of-fit of latent trait models." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1623/.
Full textLi, Xiongya. "Robust multivariate mixture regression models." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38427.
Full textDepartment of Statistics
Weixing Song
In this dissertation, we proposed a new robust estimation procedure for two multivariate mixture regression models and applied this novel method to functional mapping of dynamic traits. In the first part, a robust estimation procedure for the mixture of classical multivariate linear regression models is discussed by assuming that the error terms follow a multivariate Laplace distribution. An EM algorithm is developed based on the fact that the multivariate Laplace distribution is a scale mixture of the multivariate standard normal distribution. The performance of the proposed algorithm is thoroughly evaluated by some simulation and comparison studies. In the second part, the similar idea is extended to the mixture of linear mixed regression models by assuming that the random effect and the regression error jointly follow a multivariate Laplace distribution. Compared with the existing robust t procedure in the literature, simulation studies indicate that the finite sample performance of the proposed estimation procedure outperforms or is at least comparable to the robust t procedure. Comparing to t procedure, there is no need to determine the degrees of freedom, so the new robust estimation procedure is computationally more efficient than the robust t procedure. The ascent property for both EM algorithms are also proved. In the third part, the proposed robust method is applied to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying a functional mapping framework with dynamic traits of agricultural or biomedical interest. A robust multivariate Laplace mapping framework was proposed to replace the normality assumption. Simulation studies show the proposed method is comparable to the robust multivariate t-distribution developed in literature and outperforms the normal procedure. As an illustration, the proposed method is also applied to a real data set.
Zhang, Liming, and Yang Han. "Detecting Major Genes Controlling Robustness of Chicken Body Weight Using Double Generalized Linear Models." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Statistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4838.
Full textHindson, Danny. "A robust procedure for alignment of the ATLAS inner detector using tracks." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414147.
Full textXie, Fuchun. "Tatouage sûr et robuste appliqué au traçage de documents multimédia." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592126.
Full textCharoen, Pimphen. "Robust approaches for performing meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations associated with complex traits." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/30165.
Full textParmidge, Amelia J. "NEPIC, a Semi-Automated Tool with a Robust and Extensible Framework that Identifies and Tracks Fluorescent Image Features." Thesis, Mills College, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1556025.
Full textAs fluorescent imaging techniques for biological systems have advanced in recent years, scientists have used fluorescent imaging more and more to capture the state of biological systems at different moments in time. For many researchers, analysis of the fluorescent image data has become the limiting factor of this new technique. Although identification of fluorescing neurons in an image is (seemingly) easily done by the human visual system, manual delineation of the exact pixels comprising these fluorescing regions of interest (or fROIs) in digital images does not scale up well, being time-consuming, reiterative, and error-prone. This thesis introduces NEPIC, the Neuron-to- Environment Pixel Intensity Calculator, which seeks to help resolve this issue. NEPIC is a semi-automated tool for finding and tracking the cell body of a single neuron over an entire movie of grayscale calcium image data. NEPIC also provides a highly extensible, open source framework that could easily support finding and tracking other kinds of fROIs. When tested on calcium image movies of the AWC neuron in C. elegans under highly variant conditions, NEPIC correctly identified the neuronal cell body in 95.48% of the movie frames, and successfully tracked this cell body feature across 98.60% of the frame transitions in the movies. Although support for finding and tracking multiple fROIs has yet to be implemented, NEPIC displays promise as a tool for assisting researchers in the bulk analysis of fluorescent imaging data.
Jacquin, Laval. "Optimisation des méthodes statistiques d'analyse de la variabilité des caractères à l'aide d'informations génomiques." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014INPT0073/document.
Full textThe advent of high-throughput genotyping nowadays allows better exploitation of the association phenomenon, called linkage disequilibrium (LD), between alleles of different loci on the genome. In this context, the usefulness of some models to fine map quantitative trait locus (QTL) is questioned. The aims of this work were to discriminate between models routinely used for QTL mapping and to provide enlightenment on the best way to exploit LD, when using haplotypes, in order to optimize haplotype-based models. We show that single-marker linkage models, developed twenty years ago, have little interest today with the advent of high-throughput genotyping. In this context, we show that single-marker association models are more advantageous than single-marker linkage models, especially for QTL with a small or moderate effect on the phenotype. The statistical powers and robustness of these models have been studied both theoretically and by simulations, in order to validate the comparison of single-marker association models with single-marker linkage models. However, single-marker models are less efficient than haplotype-based models for making better use of LD in fine mapping of QTL. Mathematical properties related to the multiallelic LD captured by haplotype-based models have been shown, and studied, by the use of a matrix distance defined between two loci on the genome. This distance has been expressed algebraically as a function of the multiallelic LD coefficients. The mathematical properties related to this function show that it is difficult to exploit well multiallelic LD, for a high-throughput genotyping, if one takes into account the partial and total similarity between haplotypes instead of the total similarity only. Studies on real and simulated data illustrate these properties and show a correlation above 0.9 between a statistic based on the matrix distance and mapping results. Hence a new method, based on the matrix distance, which helps to discriminate between models used for mapping is proposed
Silalahi, Parsaoran. "Evaluation expérimentale des effets de la sélection sur des caractères de reproduction et de robustesse dans une population de porcs Large White." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLA009/document.
Full textLarge improvements have been obtained in major pig populations for traits included in the breeding goal, i.e. growth, feed efficiency, carcass composition and, in maternal lines, sow prolificacy. Animals selected for high production efficiency may in particular be more sensitive to behavioral, physiological, or immunological problems, I.e., be less robust. These adverse effects of selection are often difficult to reveal, as corresponding traits are not routinely recorded in breeding programs. The use of stored frozen semen has been shown to be an elegant method to estimate genetic trends for a large number of (usually not recorded) traits. Two experimental groups (L77 and L98) were produced by inseminating French Large White (LW) sows born in 1997-1998 with either stored frozen semen from the above-mentioned 1977 LW boars or with fresh semen from LW boars born in 1998. This study has shown that 2 decades of selection have resulted in large gains for major traits of interest, but have also adversely affected traits such as longevity, risk of mortality, trait variability, which tend to indicate an unfavorable effect of selection on pig robustness. Our results stress the necessity to integrate robustness related traits in the breeding goal of pig populations. Thus, further research is needed to better characterize the different components of robustness and their impact on pig efficiency, welfare and health to be able to define the most relevant breeding objectives for the future
Pham, The Anh. "Détection robuste de jonctions et points d'intérêt dans les images et indexation rapide de caractéristiques dans un espace de grande dimension." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR4023/document.
Full textLocal features are of central importance to deal with many different problems in image analysis and understanding including image registration, object detection and recognition, image retrieval, etc. Over the years, many local detectors have been presented to detect such features. Such a local detector usually works well for some particular applications but not all. Taking an application of image retrieval in large database as an example, an efficient method for detecting binary features should be preferred to other real-valued feature detection methods. The reason is easily seen: it is expected to have a reasonable precision of retrieval results but the time response must be as fast as possible. Generally, local features are used in combination with an indexing scheme. This is highly needed for the case where the dataset is composed of billions of data points, each of which is in a high-dimensional feature vector space
Zou, Fei. "Efficient and robust statistical methodologies for quantitative trait loci analysis /." 2001. http://www.library.wisc.edu/databases/connect/dissertations.html.
Full textWang, Jiun-Yi, and 王俊毅. "Likelihood-based robust association tests for mapping quantitative trait loci using parent-offspring triad data." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97433965508154518035.
Full text國立臺灣大學
流行病學研究所
93
Family-based association study is a useful approach for detecting linkage and linkage disequilibrium between a disease gene and a marker in genetic analysis. Using case-parent data the transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) method tests the equality of the transmission and non-transmission probabilities of a particular maker allele from a heterozygous parent. If the null hypothesis is rejected, it indicates that there is linkage and linkage disequilibrium between the studied disease and the marker loci. Though TDT has been shown as an applicable method in linkage study, its test performance is affected by some nuisances such as gene frequencies, mode of inheritance (MOI) of a disease and linkage disequilibrium between loci. For instance, when the disease allele frequency is low and the disease is recessivity inherited , the power performance of TDT is poor. Theoretically, if we know the actual MOI, the MOI can be involved in the analysis. However, in practice we usually have no idea about the disease mode, and that causes a problem that needs to be addressed. Using robust methods in resoling this problem for a binary trait had been studied. In this paper, we are interested in developing robust methods for handling MOI problem for quantitative traits. By means of conditional likelihoods, we constructed score tests for four modes of inheritance. We then developed two robust procedures to cope with the MOI problem in analysis of quantitative traits. Simulation results showed that our methods truly express robustness property when the actual MOI is unknown.