Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Trajectoires spatiales'
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Jabeur, Mohamed. "Méthodes géométriques en mécanique spatiale et aspects numériques." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2005DIJOS002.
Full textBellavoine, Christine. "Insertion sociale, insertion locale : trajectoires spatiales et sociales, logiques d'insertion." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT3022.
Full textThis research considers the "social space of habitat" as one of the main factors involved in social and professional insertion pricesses, and more generally in construction of social identities. The poulation is constituted by urban and rural youngs registered in six different "missions locales" for insertion, in west of france. If they all have a low level of qualification and below to the working classes, they have different school background and degree of insertion. The social space of habitat yields the combination of different independant variables such as socio-professional categories of the parents, school attentance, insertion, geographics moves. The analysis of social and geographic cursus of the families allows to distinguish six types of insertion linked to their global social trajectories. In that sence, we believe that the social space of habitat appears as one of the most important factor of socialization
Cerf, Max. "Optimisation de trajectoires spatiales : vol d’un dernier étage de lanceur, nettoyage des débris spatiaux." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066367.
Full textThe work addresses two space trajectories optimization problems : the flight of a launcher upper stage and the collecting of space debris. For these two problems the goal is to develop resolution methods and softwares usable in an industrial framework. Flight of a launcher upper stage. For the problem of a launcher upper stage flight, two continuation approaches are envisioned from models simplifications. The first approach consists in solving the flat Earth problem with uniform gravity, then to come back to the round Earth problem through a double continuation on the gravity and on the earth curvature. The second approach consists in solving the impulsive problem, corresponding to an infinite thrust level, then to come back to the continuous thrust problem through a continuation on the thrust level. The goal is to define a solving procedure as automatic as possible for various instances of the real problem : launcher configuration, targeted orbit. Space debris collecting. The selection of the debris and the visiting order is a shortest path problem in a time-dependent valuated graph. A generic strategy reduces the optimal control problem to a nonlinear programming problem of finite dimension, which can be coupled to the path problem. A local linearization around an initial solution allows to set up a Branch and Bound algorithm. The reference solution is then updated with the linearized solution. Iterating on the linearization-resolution process from the pre-optimized initialization allows converging to the solution of the global problem
Cerf, Max. "Optimisation de trajectoires spatiales. Vol d'un dernier étage de lanceur - Nettoyage des débris spatiaux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00736748.
Full textKebe, Fatoumata. "Etude de l'influence des incréments de vitesse impulsionnels sur les trajectoires de débris spatiaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066669.
Full textIn 1957, the space conquest by man began with the successful launch into orbit of the first artificial satellite; Sputnik 1. This was the beginning of the exploitation of the earth's orbit characterized by a hundred of rocket launches starting from several launchpad such as Kourou or Baikonur. Today, the Earth's orbit has a population composed mostly of space debris. These include upper rocket stages, satellites which have ended their mission and other small artificial objects whose origin is not necessarily recognizable. Their number has become so important that it question the sustainability of space activities. In this thesis we figure out the difficulties to handle the issue posed by the space debris. In the first part of the thesis, we develop a fragmentation model to generate clouds of space debris as a result of an explosion or collision in space. For this, we mainly used the fragmentation model of NASA, Evolve, and other distribution functions from diverse experiences of fragmentation. Thanks to this model, we know the geometric parameters and also in terms of speed which we will seek to determine their influence on the movement of the cloud. Thus, in the second part of the thesis, we study the motion of space debris evolving initially in low Earth orbit
Soulignac, Michaël. "Planification de trajectoire en présence de courants : application aux missions de drones." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4006.
Full textRecent advances made in the fiel of autonomous vehicles suggest that, in a near future, Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) will be more and more deployed in order to achieve various missions (such as surveillance, intelligence or search and rescue). Moreover, since UAVs may be slow, the impact of current is significant and cannot be neglected. That is why we introduce in the proposed thesis two new trajectory planning algorithms in presence of currents, which are extensions of wavefront expansion techniques. The first one, called sliding wavefront expansion, allows to handle strong currents, i. E. Currents which are faster than the UAV. We show that this approach is much more reliable than the existing one, which can return, in this particular context, physically infeasible paths. The second one, called symbolic wavefront expansion, allows to handle time-varying currents. Given some weather forecast (through current charts), this approach determine both the departure time and the trajectory minimizing the UAV’s travel time
Deaconu, Georgia Iuliana. "On the trajectory design, guidance and control for spacecraft rendezvous and proximity operations." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2105/.
Full textRecent space missions rely more and more on the cooperation between different spacecraft in order to achieve a desired objective. Among the spacecraft proximity operations, the orbital rendezvous is a classical example that has generated a large amount of studies since the beginning of the space exploration. However, the motivations and objectives for the proximity operations have considerably changed. The need for higher autonomy, better security and lower costs prompts for the development of new guidance and control algorithms. The presence of different types of constraints and physical limitations also contributes to the increased complexity of the problem. In this challenging context, this dissertation represents a contribution to the development of new spacecraft guidance and control algorithms. The works presented in this dissertation are based on a structural analysis of the spacecraft relative dynamics. Using a simplified model, a new set of parametric expressions is developed for the relative motion. This parametrization is very well suited for the analysis of the geometric properties of periodic relative trajectories and for handling different types of state constraints. A formal connection is evidenced between the set of parameters that define constrained trajectories and the cone of positive semi-definite matrices. This result is exploited in the design of spacecraft relative trajectories for proximity operations, in the impulsive control framework. The resulting guidance algorithms enable the guaranteed continuous constraints satisfaction, while still relying on semi-definite programming tools. The problem of the robustness of the computed maneuvers with respect to navigation uncertainties is also addressed
Léoty, Florent. "Vers le couplage sémantique de planifications de tâches et de trajectoires pour la validation de tâches complexes sous fortes contraintes spatiales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INPT, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023INPT0135.
Full textTo remain competitive, manufacturers need to reduce the costs and development times of their new products. Current products are increasingly integrated, smaller, lighter and more energyefficient. They are more difficult to design and have to be assembled, maintained and disassembled under very high geometric constraints. Traditionally, during the design phase, the CAD model of the product is established, then the physical parts of the product are manufactured, to discover all too often that some or all of the tasks associated with the product's life cycle are difficult or impossible to carry out. If these problems are detected too late, the product design has to be reconsidered. The aim of this thesis is to validate, at the design stage, all the tasks associated to the PLM using digital simulation before the physical prototypes are manufactured. This would make it possible to reduce development times and costs and to aim for more environmentally-friendly manufacturing processes by reducing the number of physical prototypes manufactured. A key step in the simulation-based validation of PLM tasks is to find a feasible collision-free trajectory in order to prove their feasibility. Since the 1980s, the robotics community has been using automatic path planning methods to solve this problem. However, these methods have limitations, mainly linked to the complexity of the environment models, which are traditionally purely geometric. In very complex environments, path planners can propose trajectories that are not very relevant, in times that can be very long, or even fail. To overcome these limitations, some works has considered collaborative human-planner approaches, but these rarely enable continuous interaction. On the other hand, VR techniques allow simulation with a human operator in the loop, immersed in the virtual environment and interacting with it. An original approach linking automatic path planning and VR has been developed at LGP, taking advantage of the computing power of computers and the cognitive abilities of a human operator. However, in this approach, the assistance offered to the operator is not oriented towards the task to be carried out. In order to be able to reason at the level of the task to be carried out, task planning and path planning must be considered together, and attention must be paid to the ability to model information relating to the task and to reason about these information; ontologies are a promising tool. The aim of this thesis is to develop a common framework for the semantic coupling of path and task planners for manipulation assistance in VR or robotics. Within this framework, we propose two main contributions: The first contribution of this work proposes two original ontologies. The first, ENVOn-2, concerns the modelling of the environment in which a manipulation task takes place. The second, TAMPO, is an ontology developed for jointly use path and task planning. The second contribution concerns the development of a methodology for the semantic coupling of task and trajectory planners. This methodology, through the joint use of the two ontologies, makes it possible to improve the path planning of a primitive action while proposing a task plan (or plans) that is (are) relevant to the manipulation being carried out. These developments were then validated using a variety of scenarios of increasing complexity. The results obtained demonstrate the relevance of the approach
Dougui, Nour Elhouda. "Planification de trajectoires avion : approche par analogie lumineuse." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817551.
Full textGrall, Antoine. "Contrôle de la rentrée d'une navette." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD546.
Full textAgoma, Mahikiwe-Blandine. "Les choix résidentiels à Lomé à Abidjan : entre opportunités spatiales, politiques delogement et stratégies des ménages." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100032/document.
Full textThis research sheds light on the issue of urban residential choices through social and institutional analyzers. It begins with the observation that housing characteristics (comfort, architectural quality, location, etc.) determine the choice of residence of individuals. Residential choices are also part of a complex relationship to the land and property policies, which will force households to adapt their decisions to their needs but also to the offer. The offer is a key element that will influence the profile of households to settle in one or another area of the city. Lomé and Abidjan, cities we have chosen to conduct this reflection, perfectly illustrate through their story, the ways of appropriation of space strategies derive both from voluntary and forced choices of citizens. Based on economic and social theories and by deconstructing a unique residential model, we propose a multi-faceted approach of determinants of residential choice among West African citizens.One of the challenges of this reflection is the comparison of two cities, which was very useful to understand how residential aspirations of households fit together urban policies comparison. Ivory Coast and Togo suggest different national habitat’s policies: interventionist country policy for the Ivorian and let-go policy for the Togolese. Thus, the involvement of Ivorian leaders in the production of housing has given more opportunities to Abidjan households in their residential course. However, the need for reforms in the housing sector imposed by the economic crisis that hit most of African countries will force the country to withdraw from 1982 direct production of housing. This withdrawal allowed the resurgence of traditional regulators and private real actors with divergent interests to impose a residential strategy in many households, especially in the poor households.Regarding Lome, the lack of residential opportunities due to the let-go policy of the country will lead residential choices of households to high constraints. It is therefore necessary to question the pertinent way to follow up the implementation of ascending residential stories of households through housing policies and adapted planning in an appropriate manner. It is probably on this last point that our contribution is quite original: the plurality of residential choice factors to take into account to understand, anticipate and meet households’ needs
Pulliat, Gwenn. "Vulnérabilité alimentaire et trajectoires de sécurisation des moyens d'existence à Hanoi : une lecture des pratiques quotidiennes dans une métropole émergente." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955158.
Full textNovak, Dora. "Drone(s) trajectory optimization for mapping missions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG069.
Full textUsing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in the context of Precision Agriculture (PA) can optimize farming management and increase agricultural productivity while protecting the environment. However, UAVs have certain limitations that must be considered when developing solutions. The problem framework for conducting mapping with a single or multiple UAVs can be divided into two subproblems: mapping mission planning, and UAV control. The former step defines the path for covering the area of interest in an efficient manner considering the UAV limitations, while the latter ensures that trajectory tracking of the planned path is successfully completed. In order to increase time efficiency and ensure an energy-aware mission, a novel approach for UAV battery management optimization of the mapping mission planning is proposed in this work. The developed strategy optimizes the use of batteries available for the mapping mission by minimizing the total flight distance and reducing the number of battery replacements. Removing unnecessary battery replacements reduces the overall mission time, but also avoids redundant battery recharging cycles. The resulting waypoint distribution from the mission planning represents the subpaths for a UAV with multiple batteries. In order to follow the planned path with minimal tracking error, a nonlinear predictive control approach for robust trajectory tracking is developed. This approach is finally extended to a mapping mission involving multiple cooperative UAVs, where mission safety is ensured primarily by considering collision avoidance
Rasheed, Tahir. "Collaborative Mobile Cable-Driven Parallel Robots." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0055.
Full textThis thesis presents a novel concept of Mobile Cable - Driven Parallel Robots (MCDPRs) as a new robotic system. MCDPR is composed of a classical C able - D riven P a rallel R obot (CDPR) mounted on multiple mobile bases. MCDPRs combines the autonomy of mobile robots with the advantages of CDPRs, namely, large workspace, high payload - to - weight ratio, low end - effector inertia, deployability and reconfigurability. Moreover , MCDPRs presents a new technical innovation that could help to bring more flexibility and versatility with respect to existing industrial robotic solutions. Two MCDPRs prototypes named FASTKIT and MoPICK have been developed during the course of this the sis. FASTKIT is composed of two mobile bases carrying a six degrees - of - freedom moving - platform, pulled by eight cables , with a goal to provide a low cost and versatile robotic solution for logistics. MoPICK is composed of a three degrees - of - freedom movi ng - platform pulled by four cables mounted on four mobile bases. The targeted applications of MoPICK are mobile tasks in a constrained environment, for example, a workshop or logistic operations in a warehouse. The contributions of this thesis are as follow s. Firstly, all the necessary conditions are studied that required to achieve the static equilibrium of a MCDPR . These conditions are used to develop a Tension Distribution Algorithm for the real time control of the MCDRP cables. The equilibrium conditions are also used to investigate the Wrench - Feasible - Workspace of MCDPRs. Afterwards, the kinematic performance and twist capabilities of the MCDPRs are investigated. Finally, the last part of the thesis presents multiple path planning strategies for MCDPRs i n order to reconfigure the CDPR’s geometric architecture for performing the desired task
Chen, Zheng. "Minimisation L¹ en mécanique spatiale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS229/document.
Full textIn astronautics, an important issue is to control the motion of a satellite subject to the gravitation of celestial bodies in such a way that certain performance indices are minimized (or maximized). In the thesis, we are interested in minimizing the L¹-norm of control for the circular restricted three-body problem. The necessary conditions for optimality are derived by using the Pontryagin maximum principle, revealing the existence of bang-bang and singular controls. Singular extremals are analyzed, and the Fuller phenomenon shows up according to the theories developed by Marchal [1] and Zelikin et al. [2, 3]. The controllability for the controlled two-body problem (a degenerate case of the circular restricted three-body problem) with control taking values in a Euclidean ball is addressed first (cf. Chapter 2). The controllability result is readily extended to the three-body problem since the drift vector field of the three-body problem is recurrent. As a result, if the admissible controlled trajectories remain in a fixed compact set, the existence of the solutions of the L¹-minimizaion problem can be obtained by a combination of Filippov theorem (see [4, Chapter 10], e.g.) and a suitable convexification procedure (see, e.g., [5]). In finite dimensions, the L¹-minimization problem is well-known to generate solutions where the control vanishes on some time intervals. While the Pontryagin maximum principle is a powerful tool to identify candidate solutions for L1-minimization problem, it cannot guarantee that the these candidates are at least locally optimal unless sufficient optimality conditions are satisfied. Indeed, it is a prerequisite to establish (as well as to be able to verify) the necessary and sufficient optimality conditions in order to solve the L¹-minimization problem. In this thesis, the crucial idea for establishing such conditions is to construct a parameterized family of extremals such that the reference extremal can be embedded into a field of extremals. Two no-fold conditions for the canonical projection of the parameterized family of extremals are devised. For the scenario of fixed endpoints, these no-fold conditions are sufficient to guarantee that the reference extremal is locally minimizing provided that each switching point is regular (cf. Chapter 3). If the terminal point is not fixed but varies on a smooth submanifold, an extra sufficient condition involving the geometry of the target manifold is established (cf. Chapter 4). Although various numerical methods, including the ones categorized as direct [6, 7], in- direct [5, 8, 9], and hybrid [10], in the literature are able to compute optimal solutions, one cannot expect a satellite steered by the precomputed optimal control (or nominal control) to move on the precomputed optimal trajectory (or nominal trajectory) due to unavoidable perturbations and errors. In order to avoid recomputing a new optimal trajectory once a deviation from the nominal trajectory occurs, the neighboring optimal feedback control, which is probably the most important practical application of optimal control theory [11, Chapter 5], is derived by parameterizing the neighboring extremals around the nominal one (cf. Chapter 5). Since the optimal control function is bang-bang, the neighboring optimal control consists of not only the feedback on thrust direction but also that on switching times. Moreover, a geometric analysis shows that it is impossible to construct the neighboring optimal control once a conjugate point occurs either between or at switching times
Mortelier, Alexis. "Οbservatοire de la tactique en (e-)spοrt cοllectif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMC245.
Full textThis thesis explores game dynamics and collective performance by alternating between analyses of traditional sports, such as handball, and e-sports, such as DotA2 and OverWatch. The aim is to segment the data processing process into several stages, each providing a specific understanding. By adopting a comparative approach between sport and e-sport, this work not only distinguishes the different stages of data processing, but also offers an overview of (e-)sport analysis. The first contribution is the development of techniques for representing handball matches using dynamic graphs, and the simplification of trajectories in DotA2 using geometric indices. The second contribution focuses on the definition and calculation of performance metrics, essential for machine learning. Expected goal (xG) models for handball and commitment factors in OverWatch have been developed as targets for algorithms. The third contribution is the creation of a tactical observatory dedicated to handball, and the study of geometric configurations in DotA2 that lead to key events. These analyses deepen our understanding of the tactics that influence the course of matches
Zerar, Madjid. "CONTRIBUTION À LA CARACTÉRISATION LPV D'UNE CLASSE DE SYSTÈMES NON LINÉAIRES POUR LA SYNTHÈSE DE LOIS DE POURSUITE ROBUSTE. APPLICATION À UN SYSTÈME SPATIAL." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012135.
Full textLe, Merrer Mathieu. "Optimisation de trajectoire d'avion pour la prise en compte du bruit dans la gestion du vol." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0001.
Full textForthcoming environmental challenges stimulate the development of trajectory optimization methods by aeronautical actors. This contribution consists in three parts. First, several trajectory optimization techniques are compared. The comparison is based on a simple academic problem. After that, a model is proposed for considering noise nuisance level in the framework of trajectory optimization. Finally, the optimization problem of an ascent phase of a civil aircraft is solved using a direct approach. The specific issues of the problem are tackled with a general formulation. They consist in the presence of several phases along the trajectory, running state equality constraints and tough numerical integration of the noise model
Nayet, Aymeric. "Improvement of a trajectory optimization software for future Ariane missions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS591.
Full textThis thesis work is about the improvement of an ArianeGroup in-house software dedicated to the optimization of launcher trajectories. The original version is able to find a minimum consumption trajectory for an upper stage of a three-stage launcher outside the atmosphere in one or two boosts through a fully automatic method. The goal is to build on this existing work to create a method capable of finding an upper stage trajectory for a two-stage launcher. The specificity is that the stage has a lower initial velocity, a heavier mass and it is ignited at a lower altitude. The improvements also concern the addition of a maximum thermal flux constraint, a ballistic duration constraint and a fairing jettisoning constraint on a thermal flux criterion. Moreover, the new software is now able to target different combinations of orbital parameters. We take advantage of the work done on two-stage launchers to make the software capable of jettisoning a lower stage and thus optimizing the transfer of a three-stage launcher since the ejection of boosters. All these improvements are based on subsequent mathematical developments and novelties about hybrid optimal control problems, in particular when the dynamics of the problem is that of the flight of a launcher
Losa, Damiana. "Planification de manoeuvres à poussée forte vs à poussée faible pour le maintien à poste de satellites géostationnaires." Phd thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002163/en/.
Full textBen, Saad Myriam. "Processus de complexification des systèmes productifs : de nouvelles dynamiques et trajectoires de developpement pour les MENA." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2004/document.
Full textMENA countries is today, at the center of ambitious economic stakes mainly in regional integration and structural transformation. However, the Arab States of this region have suffered great shortcomings and vulnerability in the economic and productive system in the aftermath of massive political, economic, social and popular upheavals and upheavals. These shocks present a number of new challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics of the structural transformation process in order to propose new development trajectories for these countries. In this context, we address issues related to the spatial determinants and effects of this process, the relationship between economic complexity and air pollution on the one hand, and economic complexity and inequalities on the other education. For this, we consider a dynamic panel of 133 countries covering an important and recent period (1984 to 2014). Using recent data and integrating previously little used parameters, we highlight particular characteristics of the process of complexification of productive systems. From a general point of view, the results reveal that the productivity performance of productive systems is very heterogeneous within MENA countries and that their determinants depend on the characteristics of the economies. The large disparities observed are explained, beyond the significant effect of per capita income, by a deficiency in the institutional system, particularly in terms of access to innovation, but also to the abundance of natural resources or the attractiveness of foreign direct investment. Beyond the individual characteristics of economies, spatial analysis shows that geographical factors such as urbanization rate, trade agreements, but especially spatial location play a very important role in the process of structural transformation.We also bring, thanks to the tools derived from classical mechanics, answers to the limits of traditional economic models which are difficult to demonstrate the existence of a process of accelerating economic development
Cayèré, Cécile. "Modélisation de trajectoires sémantiques et calcul de similarité intégrés à un ETL." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS042.
Full textOver the last decade, we have seen a rise in popularity of mobile applications based on phone location. These applications collect mobility tracks which describe the movement of users overtime. In the DA3T regional project, we hypothesise that the analysis of tourists’ mobility tracks can help planners in the management and enhancement of tourist areas. The objective is to design methods and tools to help analyse these tracks. This thesis focuses on the processing of mobility tracks and proposes a modular platform for creating and executing processing chains on these data. Throughout the modules of a processing chain, the raw mobility track evolves into semantic trajectories. The contributions of this thesis are: (i) a multi-level and multi-aspect semantic trajectory model and (ii) two measures that compute the similarity between two semantic trajectories along spatial, temporal and thematic dimensions. Our model (i) is used as a transition model between modules of a processing chain. We tested it by instantiating semantic trajectories from different datasets of various domains. Our two measures (ii) are integrated in our platform as processing modules. These measures present originalities: one is the combination of sub-measures, each allowing to evaluate the similarity of trajectories on the three dimensions and according to three different levels of granularity, the other is the combination of two bidimensional sub-measures centred around a particular dimension. We evaluated our two measures by comparing them to other measures and to the opinion of geographers
Pailloux, Anne-Laure. "De la planète finie aux espaces de vie : La dimension spatiale des militantismes pour la décroissance en France et au Québec." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1183.
Full textAn activist movement around the political concept ‘degrowth’ originated in France in the early 2000s. It formulates a radical critique of unsustainable contemporary development patterns and ways of life. ‘Relocalization’, which the movement puts forward as an alternative, is analyzed as degrowth’s fundamental spatial dimension. This thesis uses data gathered through multi-sited ethnography in the French degrowth political network and a political organization in Montreal, including participant observation and interviews. The analysis begins by showing a relationship between activists’ critical dispositions and national political organizations’ modes of structuration and functioning. Furthermore, it identifies several modes of action that blur the distinctions between intellectual and political fields, social movements and local alternatives. The analysis of mobilization sequences shows activists’ affiliation to the ecological and radical left. Their careers reveal how concrete alternatives are valued within degrowth militants’ collective action repertoires. Maintaining multiple commitments becomes a way of guaranteeing activist recognition and local activism a condition of individual coherence. Within the action repertoires, relocalization emerges as the collective (re)construction of appropriated living spaces, a starting point for the social change wished
Fuseiller, Guillaume. "Perception et génération de trajectoires en cobotique dans des environnements dynamiques." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0103.
Full textThe appearance in the early 2010s of collaborative robots in parallel with the development of industry 4.0 prompted manufacturers to rethink robotics. Theintegration of robots in contact with humans makes it possible to combine their strengths in terms of flexibility and adaptability to complex tasks. However, many challenges are posed to the robotics community by these new practices and in particular: howto secure the interaction between Human and Robot. We propose to address this problem by proposing a complete pipeline allowing the robot to move autonomously in the space shared with humans while guaranteeing its safety. For this we build a representation of the robot's workspace in the form of a 3D semantic occupation grid from the robot's perception of its environment. We then project in real time the obstacles and humans present in the robot's work area to the configurationsspace, a representation adapted to robotic arms. Using the medialaxis in the configurationsspace, the robot's trajectory towards the objective is calculated as far as possible from obstacles. We adapt this trajectory to the dynamic change of the environment and modulate its speed according to the distance separating the human and the robot. The interest of this method has been demonstrated in simulation and with real experiments on collaborative robots in an industrial context
Hoang, Van Duc. "Distance and geometry of the set of curves and approximation of optimal trajectories." Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/05f29d7f-d019-4ee6-8304-dcb9f95be382/blobholder:0/2020LIMO0013.pdf.
Full textOptimization problems on the set of curves appear in many fields of applications such as industry, robotic, path-planning and aerospace. This thesis is devoted to study the set of curves and propose a general method for trajectory optimization problems, autonomous ODEs and control of autonomous ODEs. In the first part, we provide a normalization of parametrized curves up to increasing diffeomorphism and use it to define a distance between curves. Then, we study topologies and differential structures on the set of curves. The second part defines a norm on spaces of piecewise cubic Bézier curves and estimates equivalence constants for this norm and some classical norms. The last part proposes a general method to approximate optimal trajectories using piecewise cubic Bézier curves. This idea is applied to autonomous ODEs and control of autonomous ODEs
Tan, My Dung Adeline. "L'expression du déplacement en chaozhou : les formes introduisant un groupe nominal locatif et l'encodage de la trajectoire." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0020.
Full textThe thesis studies path expressions within a typological and functional framework. It contributes to the description of Chaozhou, a Sinitic language belonging to the Southern Min Group, spoken in Guangdong, China, by analyzing the forms that encode path and can introduce a ground noun phrase. These forms are directional and deictic verbs, the verb gao3 遘 ‘arrive at’, which also means ‘to’ and spatial prepositions do6 □, na3 □ and baj3 放 ‘at, to, in, etc’. Through an analysis of the verbal complex and a description of the causative use of directional verbs, we account of Chaozhou’s status in Talmy’s typology of motion events. Gao3 遘 differs from dào 到 in Standard Chinese by its more restricted range of use. The locative prepositions do6 □, na3 □ and baj3 放 ‘at, to, in, etc.’ are semantically neutral as to the type of path (SOURCE, ROUTE, DIRECTION and GOAL) and to the presence or absence of translational motion. The analysis of the correlation between the semantic role of the prepositional phrase and its position in relation to the verb allows us to study the role of word order in the expression of path meaning. The study highlights a modal distinction between some of these prepositions. Our thesis also examines the distribution of spatial information between adpositions and directional and deictic verbs placed after another verb
Gaborit, Vincent. "Modèles et méthodes expérimentales qui supportent une mission spatiale : reconstruction de la trajectoire d' une sonde dans une atmosphère planétaire." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077157.
Full textBen, Saad Myriam. "Processus de complexification des systèmes productifs : de nouvelles dynamiques et trajectoires de developpement pour les MENA." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2017. http://bu.univ-tln.fr/userfiles/file/intranet/travuniv/theses/eco_gestion/2017/2017_these_Ben_Saad_Myriam.pdf.
Full textMENA countries is today, at the center of ambitious economic stakes mainly in regional integration and structural transformation. However, the Arab States of this region have suffered great shortcomings and vulnerability in the economic and productive system in the aftermath of massive political, economic, social and popular upheavals and upheavals. These shocks present a number of new challenges. The main objective of this thesis is to study the new dynamics of the structural transformation process in order to propose new development trajectories for these countries. In this context, we address issues related to the spatial determinants and effects of this process, the relationship between economic complexity and air pollution on the one hand, and economic complexity and inequalities on the other education. For this, we consider a dynamic panel of 133 countries covering an important and recent period (1984 to 2014). Using recent data and integrating previously little used parameters, we highlight particular characteristics of the process of complexification of productive systems. From a general point of view, the results reveal that the productivity performance of productive systems is very heterogeneous within MENA countries and that their determinants depend on the characteristics of the economies. The large disparities observed are explained, beyond the significant effect of per capita income, by a deficiency in the institutional system, particularly in terms of access to innovation, but also to the abundance of natural resources or the attractiveness of foreign direct investment. Beyond the individual characteristics of economies, spatial analysis shows that geographical factors such as urbanization rate, trade agreements, but especially spatial location play a very important role in the process of structural transformation.We also bring, thanks to the tools derived from classical mechanics, answers to the limits of traditional economic models which are difficult to demonstrate the existence of a process of accelerating economic development
Noel, David. "Une approche basée sur le web sémantique pour l'étude de trajectoires de vie." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM022/document.
Full textThe notion of trajectory is the subject of many works in computer science. The life trajectory has several peculiarities which distinguish it from the trajectories usually considered in these works. It is first of all its temporal hold, which is the life, the existence of the observed subject. It is then its thematic hold, this one potentially concerning multiple aspects of the life of an object or an individual. Finally, it is the metaphorical use of the term trajectory, which refers more to the meaning of the trajectory than to the description of a simple evolution in time and space. The life trajectory is used by the expert (sociologist, urban planner ...) who wishes to put in perspective the information on individuals to better understand their choices. The motivations for studying the life trajectory are depending on the application and themes considered: the relation to work and employment, family life, social life, health, residential trajectory ...We propose a Semantic Web based approach to study life trajectories, which allows their modeling, collection and analysis. This approach is embodied by a software architecture whose components are configurable for each application case. This architecture is based on a life trajectory ontology design pattern, as well as a model of explanatory factors for life events. To operationalize the proposed modeling, we designed algorithms that allow the creation of a life trajectory ontology by exploiting the previous pattern and model. For data collection, we developed APIs to facilitate i) the construction of a model-compliant data collection interface; and ii) the insertion of the collected data into a Triple Store. Our approach allows the representation, and hence the collection and exploitation of multi-granular information, whether spatial, temporal or thematic. Finally, to allow the analysis of the trajectories, we propose generic functions, which are implemented by extending the SPARQL language.The methodological approach and the proposed tools are validated on a case study on residential choices of individuals in the Grenoble metropolitan area by highlighting the characteristics of their residential trajectory and the explanatory elements of it, including from their personal and professional trajectories
Le, Cain Aurélie. "Caractéristiques spatiales et temporelles d'une tache focale LMJ." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14475/document.
Full textThe future French Laser Megajoule (LMJ) is a multiple laser beam facility built to achieve Inertial confinement Fusion (ICF). It is mainly designed for an indirect drive scheme using X-rays conversion. In this scheme, the target in the center of the hohlraum is irradiated and then compressed by the X-rays more uniformly than what it would be in a direct drive schemes. However, a high of uniformity is still needed to reach ignition since the propagation of intense laser beams in an under-critical plasma can generate laser-plasma instabilities (LPI). The control of LPI is of crucial importance for the success of ICF. By breaking both spatial and temporal coherences, the use of optical smoothing techniques, such as smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD), often dramatically reduces LPI and also ensures the reproducibility of laser conditions from one shot to another. An accurate description of the speckle pattern in the hohlraum is thus of great interest for ICF experiments.We focus our attention on the spatial and then temporal properties of the speckles pattern generated by multiple laser beams. At first, we establish equations for the 3D speckle size based on autocorrelation functions. Numerical simulations of the propagation of multiple laser beams in vacuum are then performed with the PARAX code in configurations where the paraxial approximation can be used. The case of speckle patterns in the LMJ configuration in the zone where all the beams overlap is eventually studied. We show that such speckles have an ellipsoidal shape. Finally, influence of the polarization of the beams on the shape, size and abundance of the speckles is also investigated. In a second part we study the important aspect of temporal smoothing techniques like the movement of the speckles. This work is also triggered by the development of a statistical model that describes the motion of hot spots in order to evaluate the contrast, the trajectory and the velocity of LMJ hot spots. We address these quantities in the case of a speckle pattern generated by multiple laser beams thanks to the autocorrelation function in intensity
Irisson, Jean-Olivier. "Approche comportementale de la dispersion larvaire en milieu marin = Behavioural approach to larval dispersal in marine systems." Phd thesis, Ecole pratique des hautes études - EPHE PARIS, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344625.
Full textDione, Mariama. "Executive abilities for the planning of sequential motor actions performed under time and space constraints : a visuo-spatial tapping task." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30022/document.
Full textIn a constant changing environment, executive abilities allow us to organize sensory information of multiple sources and to adapt to diverse stuations while at the same time inhibiting inappropriate behaviors. research on the executive functions (EFS) have historical roots on neuropsychology, with the description of frontal patients that were showing disruptions in organizing their daily behaviors independently of any impairment in memory, language or general intelligence. A wide range of neuropsychological tools is used today to evaluate executive abilities : tower of London for planning, go-no-go for inhibition, etc. However, the classical tasks often present methodological limitations and they lack of correpondence between process and behavior. Furthermore, the field lacks of a compelling theory that make links between the EFS themselves. The present PHD work was an attempt to propose a novel task to assess the EFS in the place of the classical batteries of neuropsychological tasks. After offering an overview of the EF literature and presenting simple motor tasks that seem to target similar EFS than those described in neuropsychology (Ch1), I present the spatial-tapping task as a challenging paradigm to understand the relationships between the different EFS (Ch2), and its potential to be used in clinical settings (Ch3). The I present how a similar approach can be used to investigate how EFS intervenes in the control of more complex motor sequences, E.G. bi-manual tasks (Ch4). Overall, the results presented here support an emboided perspective of cognition with mental organization reflecting the way one plans motor sequences for adaptive behavior
Faisal, Behadili Suhad. "Adaptative modeling of urban dynamics with mobile phone database." Thesis, Le Havre, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEHA0017/document.
Full textIn this study, we are interested in the study of urban mobility from traces of mobile data that were provided by the operator Orange. The data provided relate to the region of the city of Rouen, during an ephemeral event that is the Armada of 2008. In a first study, a large amount of data is managed to extract characteristics allowing to qualify the uses of the city during ephemeral events, depending on the days of activity of the individuals. Visualizations are given and make it possible to understand the mobilities generated in a specific way during the event. In the second part, we study the reconstruction of trajectories with aggregated approaches inspired by statistical physics techniques in order to reveal behaviors according to periods of activity and a spatial division in large urban areas. In order to obtain the general mobility law by observing distributions in power law characteristic for the studied complex system
Tarault, Antoine. "Interface de copilotage d'un véhicule semi-autonome à l'aide d'un dispositif immersif." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112107.
Full textThis thesis deals with the conception and realisation of an interactive control interface of a semi-autonomous vehicle, allowing a user to telesupervise it with a virtual-reality feedback device. To achieve this goal, we have designed an architecture on top of RTMaps software platform, to design a mixed reality application in a telesupervision purpose. On the base of this architecture, we have realized a supervision simulator of a semi-autonomous vehicle. On the other hand, we have placed the user in the conditions of a telepresence feeling, to be as close as possible to the sensation to be physically present on the remote vehicle site. Two sensory perceptions have been studied: vision and sound. The user perceives the remote scene in an immersive way, as the orientation of the user head is coupled with a turret mounted camera. The poor visual field of the camera being annoying to the sensation of immersion, we have registered the video flow with a 3D model of the vehicle’s environment, thus completing the detailed but not wide perception of the video by a less detailed but wider perception given by the 3d model. At last, to enrich the visual perception by adapted sound data, we have added different kinds of microphones to the camera, and we have evaluated the different configurations by a psychophysic study. Thus, we have developed a telesupervision system, allowing to supervise a vehicle’s path and to respect the telepresence rules
Paysant, Guillaume. "Approche géographique des trajectoires paysagères des hydrosystèmes secondaires de l’ouest de la France : Etude de l’Aubance et du Couasnon en contexte ligérien." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0051.
Full textIn France, major landscape changes have taken place in the last 70 years, in connection with the economic development and with post-Second World War agricultural modernization policies. These have had significant impacts on the landscape of secondary hydrosystems, "ordinary" areas in western France. Taking into account the environment incurrent policies generates projects which models are often antagonistic to the transformations linked to the development of agriculture in the second half of the XXth century. The secondary hydrosystems are then subject to strong mutations over a relatively short period of time and are at the center of conflicts integrating uses and perceptions of rivers that are different and not always compatible.Through the study of their landscape trajectories, we explored the impacts of changes in uses and the lastest land use policies on secondary hydrosystems. Geomorphology, farmers' initiatives and protection areas of natural and cultural heritage are among the factors involved in landscape trajectories, at different scales. By highlighting the production conditions of the current landscapes and the factors involved, by emphasizing the importance of local contexts, we hope to bring new geo-historical knowledge that can inform future development projects
Marcadet, Yann. "Les recompositions urbaines des quartiers péricentraux de Mexico : Modification des marquages sociaux et nouvelles formes de ségrégation." Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT5022.
Full textThis thesis approach is a reflection about segregation in big Latin American cities. The social – spatial divisions are analyzed in their residential dimension taking into consideration the daily spatial practices. It is about the observation of segregation under different temporary dimensions. This study concentrates on the downtown boundary of Mexico City, a space not very much studied, but that has been object of a redensification policy during the 2000, which has strongly stimulated the housing construction. In some popular neighborhoods in the downtown boundary, this policy is translated to the multiplication of social and middle class housing and buildings. The methodological device used for this research has shown the emergency of new social – spatial divisions in the downtown boundary of Mexico's capital. The data processing of the 1990 and 2000 censuses showed first that this territory gained population again, with a higher social – economical level. On the other hand, a specific approach to Santa Maria la Ribera, the downtown boundary neighborhood where this research and observation work has been done, highlighted the appearance of very subtle social – spatial divisions between different subsectors of this space, in the very same heart of a block, between buildings. In this same neighborhood, the specific observations made at the central square showed a great diversity of population frequently attending the public downtown boundary space, according to varying temporalities. Finally, the surveys carried out among the Santa Maria inhabitants and the central square visitors, allow us to better understand the reasons for this diversity of ways of life of the populations
Esta tesis se inscribe en una reflexión sobre la segregación en las grandes ciudades latinoamericanas. Las divisiones socio – espaciales son analizadas en su dimensión residencial y tomando en consideración las prácticas espaciales cotidianas. Se trata de observar la segregación bajo diversas dimensiones temporales. El estudio se concentra en el peri centro de México, espacio poco estudiado, y que sin embargo ha sido objeto a lo largo de los años 2000 de una política de redensificación, que ha estimulado fuertemente la construcción de vivienda. En ciertos barrios populares peri centrales, esta medida se traduce con la multiplicación de edificios de vivienda social y de clase media. El dispositivo metodológico utilizado en esta investigación ha permitido evidenciar la emergencia de nuevas divisiones socio – espaciales en el espacio peri central de la capital mexicana. El procesamiento de información de los censos de 1990 y el año 2000 mostró primero que este territorio volvía a ganar población, con un nivel socio económico más alto. Por otra parte, un acercamiento específico a la Santa Maria la Ribera, colonia peri central donde fue realizado este trabajo de investigación y de observación, puso de manifiesto la aparición de divisiones socio – espaciales muy sutiles entre los diferentes subsectores de este espacio, en el corazón mismo de las manzanas, entre edificios. En este mismo barrio, las observaciones específicas en la alameda central mostraron una gran diversidad de poblaciones que frecuentan el espacio público peri central, según temporalidades que varían. Finalmente, encuestas realizadas a los habitantes de Santa María y visitantes de la alameda central, permitieron comprender mejor las razones de esta diversidad de modos de vida de las poblaciones
Walker, Emily. "De la trajectoire des prédateurs à la cartographie de leurs proies : estimation spatiale de l'activité des senneurs et des thonidés dans l'Océan indien." Phd thesis, Centre de géosciences (Fontainebleau, Seine et Marne), 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00552183.
Full textNowadays spatial distribution of tropical tuna fished by the French purse-seiners in the Indian Ocean is represented with catch and effort data from logbooks. However, these data provided only one position per day and the number of fishing sets during each day: the prospected areas without any set, synonym of absence of tuna aggregations, were not known. These areas are essential to map the tuna abundances. The French purse-seiners fleet is equipped with Vessel Monitoring Systems (VMS). Trajectories obtained by the VMS were used to deduce vessels behaviour, and thus, presence (fishing) and absence (non fishing) of tuna aggregations. The objective is thus to estimate the vessel activity from its trajectory. The application of a state-space model allowed to distinguish “cruising”, “tracking”, “stopping”, and “fishing” activities. For the majority of surveys (except those with an observer), the real activity of the vessel was not known (latent variable), which justified the modelling with a Hidden Markov model. The model was run in a Bayesian framework including prior knowledge on some parameters (speed, turning angle and transition matrix). This model was calibrated and validated thanks to observers data on 10% of the fleet. The error rate was of 10% for VMS positions data recorded every hour. After the estimation of the states, the purse-seiners activities (cruising/tracking/stop/fishing) allowed to (1) improve spatial and temporal indices of the effort of French purse-seiners, and (2) study the spatial structure of tuna presence areas (indicators variograms), and to deduce maps of tuna presence/potential presence/absence by indicators cokriging, that can be interpreted as an abundance proxy
Walker, Emily. "De la trajectoire des prédateurs à la cartographie de leurs proies : estimation spatiale de l'activité des senneurs et des thonidés dans l'Océan indien." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00552183.
Full textPujol, Charlotte. "De l'ancrage mobile à l'inscription circulatoire : regards croisés sur les trajectoires citadines et citoyennes aux marges de Rosario (Argentine) et de Montevideo (Uruguay)." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00614914.
Full textRichard, Jérémy. "De la capture de trajectoires de visiteurs vers l’analyse interactive de comportement après enrichissement sémantique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS012.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the behavioral study of tourist activity using a generic and interactive analysis approach. The developed analytical process concerns the tourist trajectory in the city and museums as the study field. Experiments were conducted to collect movement data in the tourist city using GPS signals, thus enabling the acquisition of a movement trajectory. However, the study primarily focuses on reconstructing a visitor’s trajectory in museums using indoor positioning equipment, i.e., in a constrained environment. Then, a generic multi-aspect semantic enrichment model is developed to supplement an individual’s trajectory using multiple context data such as the names of neighborhoods the individual passed through in the city, museum rooms, weather outside, and indoor mobile application data. The enriched trajectories, called semantic trajectories, are then analyzed using formal concept analysis and the GALACTIC platform, which enables the analysis of complex and heterogeneous data structures as a hierarchy of subgroups of individuals sharing common behaviors. Finally, attention is paid to the "ReducedContextCompletion" algorithm that allows for interactive navigation in a lattice of concepts, allowing the data analyst to focus on the aspects of the data they wish to explore
Sohier, Henri. "Modélisation, analyse et optimisation d’un largage de fusée spatiale depuis un porteur de type avion." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0044/document.
Full textIn an air launch to orbit, a space rocket is launched from a carrier aircraft. Air launchto orbit appears as particularly interesting for small satellites. This Ph.D. thesis is part of the program Pegasus of the French space agency CNES and it follows the development of a small scale demonstrator called EOLE. It focuses on the very sensitive separation phase.The similitude constraints which have to be respected to study the large scale system with EOLEare first identified. A problem of mass limits the possibilities to directly extrapolate at a larger scale, in a deterministic approach, data obtained with EOLE. It is decided to study the separation in a probabilistic approach by developing a new multi-body model. A great variety of uncertainties are taken into account, from the aerodynamic interactions to the atmospheric turbulences, the separation mechanism, and the launch trajectories. A new performance criterion is developed to quantify the safety of the separation phase. It is based on elementary geometries and it could beused in other contexts.A sensitivity analysis is applied to estimate the influence of the uncertainties on the performance criterion. Given the large number of factors of uncertainty and the non-negligible simulation time,the model is first simplified. The Morris method is applied to identify the factors with a low influence which can be fixed to a given value. It is a frequent step, but it is shown that there isa high risk to fix the wrong factors. Any further study would then be altered. The risk to fix the wrong factors is significantly reduced by improving the factors sampling, the calculation of their influence, and the statistical treatment of the results. This new method is used to estimate the influence of the uncertainties at the separation and the safety is improved by optimizing launch trajectories
Ortega-Molina, Arturo. "Participation a la reconstruction des trajectoires des ballons de venus de la mission vega par interferometrie differentielle a tres grande base (delta vlbi)." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066452.
Full textWannous, Rouaa. "Computational inference of conceptual trajectory model : considering domain temporal and spatial dimensions." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS023/document.
Full textSpatio-temporal data describing trajectories of moving objects has increased as a consequence of the larger availability of such data due to current sensors techniques. These devices use different technologies like global navigation satellite system (GNSS), wireless communication, radio-frequency identification (RFID), and sensors techniques. Although capturing technologies differ, the captured data has common spatial and temporal features. Thus, relational database management systems (RDBMS) can be used to store and query the captured data. RDBMS define spatial data types and spatial operations. Recent applications show that the solutions based on traditional data models are not sufficient to consider complex use cases that require advanced data models. A complex use case refers not only to data, but also to the domain expert knowledge and others. An inference mechanism enriches semantic trajectories with this knowledge. Temporal and spatial reasoning are fundamental for the inference mechanism on semantic trajectories. Several research fields are currently focusing on semantic trajectories to discover more information about mobile object behavior. In this thesis, we propose a modeling approach based on ontologies. We introduce a high-level trajectory ontology. The temporal and spatial parts form an implicit background of the trajectory model. So, we choose temporal and spatial models to be integrated with our trajectory model. We apply our modeling approach to a particular domain application : marine mammal trajectories. Therefore, we model this application and integrate it with our ontology. We implement our approach using RDF. Technically, we use Oracle Semantic Data Technologies. To accomplish reasoning over trajectories, we consider mobile objects, temporal and spatial knowledge in our ontology. Our approach demonstrates how temporal and spatial relationships that are common in natural language expressions (i.e., relations between time intervals like ”before”, ”after”, etc.) are represented in the ontology as user-defined rules. To annotate data with this kind of rules, we need an inference mechanism over trajectory ontology. Experiments over our model using the temporal and spatial reasoning address an inference computation complexity. This complexity is indicated in term of time computations and space storage. In order to reduce the inference complexity, we propose optimizations, such as domain constraints, temporal and spatial neighbor refinements. Moreover, controlling the repetition of the inference computation is also proposed. Even more, we define a refinement specifically for the application domain. Finally, we evaluate our contribution. Results show their positive impact on reducing the complexity of the inference mechanism. These refinements reduce half of the time computation and allow considering bigger size of the data
Wu, Jing. "A qualitative spatio-temporal modelling and reasoning approach for the representation of moving entities." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0036/document.
Full textThe research developed in this thesis introduces a qualitative approach for representing and reasoning on moving entities in a two-dimensional geographical space. Movement patterns of moving entities are categorized based on a series of qualitative spatial models of topological relations between a directed line and a region, and orientation relations between two directed lines, respectively. Qualitative movements are derived from the spatio-temporal relations that characterize moving entities conceptualized as either points or regions in a two-dimensional space. Such a spatio-temporal framework supports the derivation of the basic movement configurations inferred from moving and static entities. The approach is complemented by a tentative qualification of the possible natural language expressions of the primitive movements identified. Complex movements can be represented by a composition of these primitive movements. The notion of conceptual transition that favors the exploration of possible trajectories in the case of incomplete knowledge configurations is introduced and explored.Composition tables are also studied and provide additional reasoning capabilities. The whole approach is applied to the analysis of flight patterns and maritime trajectories
Jin, Meihan. "Un modèle spatio-temporel sémantique pour la modélisation de mobilités en milieu urbain." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0067/document.
Full textMassive trajectory datasets generated in modern cities generate not only novel research opportunities but also important methodological challenges for academics and decision-makers searching for a better understanding of travel patterns in space and time. This PhD research is oriented towards the conceptual and GIS-based modeling of human displacements derived from large sets of urban trajectories. The motivation behind this study originates from the necessity to search for and explore travel patterns that emerge from citizens acting in the city. Our research introduces a conceptual modelling framework whose objective is to integrate and analyze human displacements within a GIS-based practical solution. The framework combines conceptual and logical models that represent travel trajectories of citizens moving in a given city. The whole approach has been implemented in a geographical database system, experimented in the context of transportation data, and enriched by a series of query interface manipulations and specific functions that illustrate the potential of our whole framework for urban studies. The whole framework has been experimented on top of the Geolife project and large trajectories datasets available in the city of Beijing. Overall, the findings are twofold: first, it appears that our modelling framework can appropriately act as an extensible geographical database support for the integration of large trajectory datasets; second the approach shows that several emerging human displacements can be explored from the manipulation of large urban trajectories
Bouadi, Hakim. "Contribution to flight control law design and aircraft trajectory tracking." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0001/document.
Full textSafety and environmental considerations in air transportation urge today for the development of new guidance systems with improved accuracy for spatial and temporal trajectory tracking.The main objectives of this thesis dissertation is to contribute to the synthesis of a new generation of nonlinear guidance control laws for transportation aircraft presenting enhanced trajectory tracking performances and to explore the feasibility and performances of a flight guidance system developed within a space-indexed reference with the aim of reducing tracking errors and ensuring the satisfaction of overfly time constraints as well as final arrival time constraint. Before presenting the main approaches for the design of control laws for autopilots and auto-guidance systems devoted to transport aircraft and the way current Flight Management Systems generates guidance directives, flight dynamics of transportation aircraft, including explicitly the wind components, are presented. Then, the interest for adaptive flight control is discussed and a self contained adaptive flight path tracking control for various flight conditions taking into account automatically the possible aerodynamic and thrust parametric changes is proposed. Then, the main recognized nonlinear control approaches suitable for trajectory tracking are analyzed. Finally an original vertical space-indexed guidance control law devoted to aircraft trajectory tracking is developed and compared with the classical time-indexed approach
Boivin, Maxime. "Analyse par bilan ligneux de la dynamique des bois morts à multiples échelles spatiales et temporelles dans une rivière semi-alluviale de région froide." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN006/document.
Full textThis thesis is an analysis of the dynamics of large wood in river by a multi-scale large wood budget approach in a semi-alluvial river of cold regions: the Saint-Jean River, Gaspé. The study of the spatial and temporal variability of the dynamics of large wood was carried out through a methodological approach combining four years of field and by analyzing historical documents. The rivers of the Gaspé Peninsula produce annually and carry large amounts of large wood. This production comes from the high specific power of rivers and by banks composed of noncohesive sediment and having a generally dense riparian forest tree. Until 2015, the Delta of the Saint-Jean River had several very large jams. These jams are put in place since the 1960s, they represent a unique opportunity to quantify and apply a wood budget and to identify key variables related to the dynamics of large wood at multiple spatial and temporal scales.Our results show that almost all large wood in river is produced by lateral migration and by the influence of the morphology. For the accumulations in the river corridor, two areas accumulate the majority of wood and these first results show a significant mobility, which can fluctuate substantially from year to year. In terms of mobility, video analysis of three different events showed that the intensity of the transport (number of large wood per minute) can be higher to ten times during an event with mechanical ice-breakup, compared to an open water.hydroclimatic event.Finally, we conducted an analysis by large wood budget and analysis of eco-hydromorphological trajectory over more than 50 years. We quantified each component (input, output and accumulated) of a large wood budget at multiple spatial and temporal scales. At the interannual scale or decadal, scale, the dynamics of large wood have periods when the input, storage and mobility of large wood differ according to eco-hydromorphological contexts. The eco-hydromorphological trajectory suggests an increase in river dynamics due to a significant change in the hydrology, resulting in higher production and mobility of large wood and increased in volumes accumulated in the corridor of the Saint-Jean River since the last decade
Ignazzi, Cosmo Antonio. "Coevolution in the brazilian system of cities." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010652.
Full textThis thesis analyses the urban system in Brazil adopting an advanced database that have been constructed collecting demographic data in order to examine the evolution of the population of all Brazilian agglomerations since the first Brazilian official census carried out in 1872 until 2010. The largest country of South America has already completed its urban transition during the last century and is characterised by the contrast between a larger number of small towns througout the immense territory and enormous metropolitan areas dominating the system of cities. Despite its georgraphical and historical peculiarities, this system shares with others in the world the same properties of hierarchical differenciation and urban growth processes (Zipf’s law and Gibrat’smodel)
Esta tese analisa o sistema urbano do Brasil utilizando um banco de dados avançado que foi construído para examinar a evolução populacional de todas as aglomerações brasileiras, desde o primeiro censo oficial realizado em 1872 até 2010. O maior país da América do Sul completou sua transição urbana no século passado. O sistema urbano é caracterizado por um contraste : Por um lado, há um grande número de pequenas cidades distribuídas em todo o território nacional e, por outro lado, existem algumas metrópoles enormes dominando o sistema de cidades. Apesar das peculiaridades geográficas e históricas, este sistema de cidades compartilha características similares a outros sistemas urbanos no mundo, como a mesma propriedade de diferenciação hierárquica e o processo de crescimento urbano (lei de Zipf e modelo de Gibrat). Os dados econômicos relativos aos diferentes parâmetros foram integrados na base de dados com o objetivo de testar a validade da lei de escala e a análise estatística profunda da realidade do país, a fim de explorar a diferenciação funcional das cidades brasileiras, os seus desempenhos econômicos e os processos de autocorrelação espacial que ocorrem entre elas. O resultado mais interessante investigado foi a caracterização da hierarquia urbana brasileira a longo prazo, medindo o crescimento desigual do tamanho das cidades. Além disso, o suporte paralelo de dados demográfico e econômico é essencial para identificar a conexão entre crescimento populacional e econômico em um dos países mais urbanizado do mundo
Morio, Vincent. "Contribution au développement d’une loi de guidage autonome par platitude : application à une mission de rentrée atmosphérique." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13797/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the design of an autonomous guidance law based on flatness approach for atmospheric reentry vehicles. The problematic involved by the design of an autonomous guidance law relates to the global organization, the integration and the management of relevant data up to the mastering of the spacecraft during the re-entry mission. The autonomous guidance law proposed in this dissertation is based on flatness concept, in order to perform onboard processing so as to locally assign autonomy and responsibility to the vehicle, thus exempting the ground segment from "low level" operational tasks, so that it can ensure more efficiently its mission of global coordination. The first part of the manuscript deals with the formal characterization of flat outputs for nonlinear systems governed by ordinary differential equations, as well as for linear time-delay systems. Constructive algorithms are proposed in order to compute candidate flat outputs within a standard formal computing environment. In the second part of the manuscript, a global and generic reentry trajectory replanning methodology is proposed in order to provide a fault-tolerance capability to the guidance law, when facing single/multiple control surface failures that could occur during the critical phases of an atmospheric reentry mission. In addition, a superellipsoidal annexion method is proposed so as to convexify the optimal control problem described in the flat outputs space. The proposed guidance law is then applied step by step to an atmospheric reentry mission for the US Space Shuttle orbiter STS-1
Bouadi, Hakim. "Contribution à la Synthèse de Lois de Commande pour le Guidage des Avions de Transport." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974871.
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