Journal articles: 'Trajectory of projectiles'

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Kim, Jonghoek. "Autonomous Balloon Controls for Protection against Projectiles with Known Destinations." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 4077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094077.

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This article tackles autonomous balloon controls for protection against projectiles with known destinations. We introduce a defense strategy against an enemy projectile trying to reach a destination, such as a military base, which is known a priori. We further assume that the position of the platform that launches the projectile is known in advance. Because both the platform and the projectile’s destination are known in advance, we can predict the trajectory of the projectile before the projectile is launched. The proposed defense strategy is to deploy multiple balloons on the projectile’s feasible paths so that they block the incoming projectile effectively. Each balloon has GPS sensors for locating itself and IR sensors to detect an incoming projectile. Once the projectile is sufficiently close to a balloon, the balloon explodes to destroy the projectile. Since the projectile’s purpose is reaching its destination, the balloons can effectively intercept the projectile using this blocking strategy. As far as we know, this article is novel in utilizing multiple balloons for protection against an enemy projectile. The effectiveness of our defense strategy is further verified utilizing MATLAB simulations.

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JO, JONG-HYUN, and YOUNG-SHIN LEE. "A STUDY OF RICOCHET PHENOMENON FOR INCLINED IMPACT OF PROJECTILE." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003583.

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In this study, the numerical simulation using AUTODYN-3D program was investigated for trajectory prediction for inclined impacts of projectiles. The penetration and perforation of polycarbonate( PC ) plate by 7.62 mm projectile was investigated numerically. The characteristic structure of the projectile's trajectory in the PC plates was studied. Two combined failure criteria were used in the target plate, and the target plate was modeled with the properties of polycarbonate for simulating the ricochet phenomenon. The numerical analyses were used to study the effect of the angle of inclination on the trajectory and kinetic energy of the projectile. The dynamic deformation behaviors tests of PC were compared with numerical simulation results which can be used for predictive purpose. Ricochet phenomenon for angles of inclination of 0° ≤ θ ≤ 20° in the analysis. The projectile perforated the plate for θ > 30°, thus defined a failure envelope for numerical configuration. The numerical analyses was used to study the effect under the projectile impact velocity on the depth of penetration(DOP).

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DZIOPA, Zbigniew, and Krzysztof ZDEB. "Effect of the Man-Weapon System on the Trajectory of a Projectile Fired from a Machine Pistol." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0009.8997.

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The process of burst-firing two projectiles from a Skorpion vz. 61 7.65 mm calibre machine pistol was recorded during a test at a firing range operated by the Polish Police. This experimental test involved Browning 7.65 x 17 mm SR ammunition rounds. The shots were fired by a Police Special Forces operative. The shots were recorded with a Phantom v.9.1 slow-motion video camera, complete with the essential accessories. TEMA, a software suite dedicated to video recording analyses, was used to determine the initial kinematic parameters of flight for each of the two projectiles. By applying the theorem of momentum and spin change, a theoretical projectile flight model was developed with a respective simulation runtime in SciLab. The projectile flight results were verified with the experimental test results to validate the developed model. Having delivered a reliable projectile flight model, an analysis was carried out to study the effectiveness of the shots fired by the Police Special Forces operative towards a target 30 metres away. This paper presents a determined process of burst firing of two projectiles. It is also a representative example of repetitive shooting. The ultimate task of this research is to develop guidelines for the design of machine pistol dynamic properties that reduce the scatter of projectiles shot in series.

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Salimipour, Seyed Erfan, Ali Reza Teymourtash, and Mojtaba Mamourian. "Investigation and comparison of performance of some air gun projectiles with nose shape modifications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 1 (March 4, 2018): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118759159.

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Shooting accuracy of air gun projectiles is very important in sport tournaments and has always been questioned by enthusiasts. For this purpose, the performance of four samples of air gun projectiles (pellets) with various shapes and calibers of 4.5, 5.5 and 6.35 mm was studied in this article. The projectiles were four basic shapes: flat nose, sharp nose, round nose and spherical. After these projectiles were modeled geometrically, the three-dimensional compressible turbulent Navier–Stokes equations and dynamic equations of the projectiles’ motion were solved in a coupled form and in a moving computational grid. The computed results describe the trajectory, velocity variations and the altitude loss of the projectiles with time and location. Comparisons indicate that the round nose projectile had the best performance at long distances compared to the other samples. The flat nose projectile exhibited great performance at short distances, but behaved weakly at long distances. In addition, the effect of nose shape on the performance of the sharp and round nose projectiles was studied and the optimum nose shapes were identified.

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Laube, Gerhard. "Trajectory Modeling for Base Bleed Projectiles." International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 1, no. 1-6 (1988): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v1.i1-6.150.

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Gao, Jianguo, Zhihua Chen, Wei-Tao Wu, and Xin Li. "Numerical Investigations on the Water Entry of Cylindrical Projectiles with Different Initial Conditions." Applied Sciences 9, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 1858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9091858.

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In this paper, coupled with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and ballistic equations, the numerical simulations of high-speed water entry of projectiles under different conditions have been conducted. The water-gas flow was modeled by the mixture multiphase model. The numerical results indicated that the simulations agree well with analytical solutions by two cavity models, which validates the model applied. Then the effects of variations of project length, entry angle and velocity on the entry process of projectiles were further investigated. The results show that, for small water entry angles, the cavity wall interacts with the projectile, affects the trajectory of the projectile, and even ricochets for projectiles with small length (5D). On the other hand, the projectile vibrates during the whole process of water entry; the vibration amplitude decreases with the increase of projectile length and entry angle; however, it is the contrary for the vibration period. Furthermore, after the initial impact period, the influence of these parameters on the drag coefficient is not obvious.

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Tian, Zai Ke, Suo Chang Yang, De Long Feng, and Yun Zhi Yao. "Modeling and Simulation of Impact Point Prediction Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 438–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.438.

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Trajectory correction projectiles significantly improved shooting accuracy of conventional ammunition.This paper designed an impact point prediction algorithm based on perturbation theory, and proposed trajectory correction scheme based on the impact point prediction algorithm. Based on perturbation theory, getting samples by solving ideal trajectory and typical disturbed trajectory, and solving the coefficients of the prediction model by regression.The 6-degrees of freedom trajectory simulation shows that adopting this correction guidance law, the standard error of the longitudinal falling points of projectiles reduced significantly.

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Zhang, Yongwei, Min Gao, Suochang Yang, and Dan Fang. "Optimization of Trajectory Correction Scheme for Guided Mortar Projectiles." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/618458.

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Guidance with traditional trajectory correction scheme usually starts from the trajectory apex time to reduce drag penalties early in flight; however, this method cannot get the max trajectory correction capability of canards according to our analysis. This paper presents an optimized trajectory correction scheme by taking different control phases of canards in ballistic ascending segment and ballistic descending segment. Simulation indicates that the optimized trajectory correction can improve the trajectory correction capability greatly. The result of an example trajectory and Monte Carlo simulations with the predictive guidance law and the trajectory tracking guidance law testifies the effectiveness of the optimized trajectory correction scheme.

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Величко Лев Дмитрович, Горчинський Ігор Володимирович, and Сорокатий Микола Іванович. "ЗОВНІШНЯ БАЛІСТИКА СНАРЯДУ БМ1 ВИПУЩЕНОГО З Т-12 (МТ-12)." World Science 1, no. 1(53) (January 31, 2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/31012020/6891.

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The magnitudes of the kinematic parameters of projectiles motion in the air depends on deterministic (form of projectile, its mass, temperature of air and charge, atmospheric pressure, derivation) and nondeterministic (muzzle velocity, magnitude and direction of wind velocity) values. During the projectile movement, its weight and frontal air resistance force have a determining influence on its dynamics. In the article it is investigated proposed by authors the mathematical model of determination of the functional dependence of the magnitude of the frontal air resistance force of the projectile’s motion on its velocity, mass and caliber, geometric characteristics, temperature and density of air, atmospheric pressure, sound speed in air. Since the trajectory of movement of the BM1 projectile released from the T-12 (MT-12) is canopy, it is assumed that during the projectile’s flight the air temperature and atmospheric pressure are unchanged and equal to their value at the point of the gun.

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Vaughn, Harold R., Walter P. Wolfe, and William L. Oberkampf. "Flight trajectory simulation of fluid payload projectiles." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 9, no. 2 (March 1986): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.20092.

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Zaki, A., M. Abdel-Kader, and H. Yakout. "TRAJECTORY SIMULATION OF OGIVAL-BOAT-TAILED PROJECTILES." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 8, ASAT CONFERENCE (May 1, 1999): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.1999.24876.

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SZMIT, Łukasz, and Mirosław ZAHOR. "Comparative Analysis of the Trajectories of Projectiles Fired from Polish Small Arms Systems: MSBS-5.56 and BERYL." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2430.

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This paper presents the results of the theoretical external ballistic calculations for projectiles fired from barrels which correspond to the barrels used in two Polish small arms systems: MSBS- 5.56 system (MSBS GROT standard rifle and MSBS GROT carbine) and BERYL system (BERYL standard rifle and MINI BERYL carbine). The results obtained allowed the analyse of the effects of barrel length and the associated initial projectile velocity on the nature of projectile trajectory, particularly the over height and projectile range obtained along the trajectories. The analysis of the results facilitated an assessment of the scope of proposed changes in the settings of the firearm sights, resulting from the use of barrels of different lengths and the consequential changes in projectile trajectory.

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Moxley, Rayment E., Mark D. Adley, and Bob Rohani. "Impact of Thin-Walled Projectiles with Concrete Targets." Shock and Vibration 2, no. 5 (1995): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1995/861749.

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An experimental program to determine the response of thin-walled steel projectiles to the impact with concrete targets was recently conducted. The projectiles were fired against 41-MPa concrete targets at an impact velocity of 290 m/s. This article contains an outline of the experimental program, an examination of the results of a typical test, and predictions of projectile deformation by classical shell theory and computational simulation. Classical shell analysis of the projectile indicated that the predicted impact loads would result in circumferential buckling. A computational simulation of a test was conducted with an impact/penetration model created by linking a rigid-body penetration trajectory code with a general-purpose finite element code. Scientific visualization of the resulting data revealed that circumferential buckling was induced by the impact conditions considered.

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Zhang, Tong, Xiao Li Zhao, and Zhen Dong Song. "Aerodynamic Characteristic Analysis of Two-Dimensional Trajectory Corrector Projectile in Mortar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.236.

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Aiming at researching aerodynamic characteristic of projectiles. This paper builds three simulation models with fins in different amount and appearance, by using CFD software to generate meshes of each model, it simulates the changing laws of drag coefficient, lift coefficient and pitching moment coefficient and analyses correct ability and flight stability of each model according to the data, simulation results indicate that projectile with folded fins have better aerodynamic appearance and can be studied deeper, it provides aerodynamic reference for future research.

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Cohen, Caroline, Baptiste Darbois-Texier, Guillaume Dupeux, Eric Brunel, David Quéré, and Christophe Clanet. "The aerodynamic wall." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 470, no. 2161 (January 8, 2014): 20130497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0497.

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We study the trajectory of dense projectiles subjected to gravity and drag at large Reynolds number. We show that two types of trajectories can be observed: if the initial velocity is smaller than the terminal velocity of free fall, we observe the classical Galilean parabola: if it is larger, the projectile decelerates with an asymmetric trajectory first drawn by Tartaglia, which ends with a nearly vertical fall, as if a wall impeded the movement. This regime is often observed in sports, fireworks, watering, etc. and we study its main characteristics.

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Zhou, Ling, Yanhui Li, Zhipeng Xue, Jingzhuang Han, and Nan Zhang. "Rigid-flexible-cavity coupling trajectory and uncertainty trajectory analysis of supercavitating projectiles." Ocean Engineering 126 (November 2016): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.08.032.

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Corriveau, Daniel, Pierre Wey, and Claude Berner. "Thrusters Pairing Guidelines for Trajectory Corrections of Projectiles." Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 34, no. 4 (July 2011): 1120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.51811.

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M., Sarhan,, EI-Senbawi, A., and Nafea A. "ROCKET ASSISTED PROJECTILES; A COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF TRAJECTORY." International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 10, ASAT CONFERENCE (May 1, 2003): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/asat.2013.24426.

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Krishnamurthy, M., D. G. Wakankar, D. G. Wakankar, R. Sankar, and R. Sankar. "Study of Trajectory of Spin-Stabilised Artillery Projectiles." Defence Science Journal 41, no. 4 (January 1, 1991): 385–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.41.4500.

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Miszczak, Maciej, Piotr Ruliński, and Bohdan Zarzycki. "APPLICATION OF AERIAL OBSERVATION DRONE FOR TESTING MORTAR PROJECTILES ON THE RANGE." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 144, no. 4 (February 27, 2018): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0011.5828.

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The paper dwells on application of a vertical take-off/landing aerial observation drone that is equipped with a video camera to localise on testing range places of falling for experimental 120 mm inert mortar projectiles having head percussion fuse and filled with a black powder charge. The drone was flying at the height of 50-80 m and filming with the rate of 25 pictures per second when observing an area of predicted projectiles falls. A typical sequence of pictures taken by the drone camera and showing the terminal fragment of projectile trajectory with effects of hitting into the ground is presented. The falling sites of all (ten) fired projectiles were identified. Application of the drone for the range tests has also enhanced the level of their safety and allowed the monitoring of a fire threat.

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Cooper, G. R., and Mark Costello. "Flight Dynamic Response of Spinning Projectiles to Lateral Impulsive Loads." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 126, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1789976.

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The linear theory for spinning projectiles is extended to account for the application of a simple lateral square impulse activated during free flight. Analytical results are shown to produce simple contributions to the familiar aerodynamic jump formulation. Inquiries regarding jump smearing caused by nonzero impulse length are addressed and answered. The formulation shows for sufficiently long-term target interception, lateral impulse trajectory response for a guided projectile is independent of when the impulse is activated during the yaw cycle. Simple limits show the presented results reducing to those previously found for a zero-spin projectile acted upon by a singular lateral impulse.

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Bilar, Adam, Paweł Boguszewicz, and Witold Perkowski. "Gravelling Test for Rail Windshield." Journal of KONES 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/kones-2019-0001.

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Abstract During preliminary tests of locomotive windshield resistance to gravelling, according to the applicable standard PN-EN 15152:2007, carried out in the Institute of Aviation, the problem of the projectile overturning after leaving the cannon barrel was detected. Three tests recorded with a high-speed camera are presented in this article. This problem was found to be due to the incorrect projectile geometry. In order to stabilise the trajectory of the projectile, four types of projectiles were made using military experience. All of them meet relevant test conditions from the point of view of the test piece (locomotive windshield). The best projectile modification was obtained in the tests with an average deviation of the expected impact angle of 11° compared to 75° for a projectile made exactly according to the guidelines of the standard. Each of 22 modified projectiles hit the test piece with the tip, while out of the 12 original projectiles only 4 hit the test piece with the tip. The impact test results confirm that it is possible to perform a gravelling test according to the standard concept, but it seems necessary to clarify the standard requirements and to modify the projectile shape. The article contains a proposal for the projectile modification and highlights inaccuracies in the standard concerning the gravelling test.

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ADLEY, MARK D., ANDREAS O. FRANK, KENT T. DANIELSON, STEPHEN A. AKERS, JAMES D. CARGILE, BRUCE C. PATTERSON, and STEPHANIE TERMAATH. "GENERATING PENETRATION RESISTANCE FUNCTIONS WITH A VIRTUAL PENETRATION LABORATORY (VPL): APPLICATIONS TO PROJECTILE PENETRATION AND STRUCTURAL RESPONSE SIMULATIONS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 12, no. 04 (July 2012): 1250024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455412500241.

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A new software package called the Virtual Penetration Laboratory (VPL) has been developed to automatically generate and optimize penetration resistance functions. We have used this VPL code to generate highly "tuned" penetration resistance functions that can distinctly model the penetration trajectory of steel projectiles into rate-independent, elastic-perfectly plastic aluminum targets. Projectiles with arbitrary nose geometry were considered in this example (i.e. conical, ogival, and spherical nose shapes). The penetration resistance of the aluminum target was determined by numerically solving a series of spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion problems. The solution to these cavity expansion problems were obtained with an explicit, dynamic finite element code that accounts for material and geometric nonlinearities. The resulting cavity expansion equations are then transformed to penetration resistance functions using various transformation algorithms, in order to determine an appropriate method to spatially distribute the resisting stresses on the projectile nose. The resulting penetration resistance functions were then used in a penetration trajectory code to predict the actual trajectories observed from a set of similar experiments.

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Huo, Peng Fei, Chao Wang, and Ke Yu Qi. "Simulation and Analysis of Measurement Method for Projectile Axial Acceleration by MEMS Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 411 (November 2011): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.411.461.

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Measurement of axial acceleration is necessary for projectile range prediction. Three measurement methods, dual-accelerometer configuration, dual-accelerometer filtering and direct filtering, are used to eliminate acceleration measurement errors caused by accelerometer configuration location, installation errors and space rotating of projectiles. Based on six-degree ballistic trajectory model, the three measurement methods of projectile axial acceleration are simulated, and the simulation results show that standard deviation of dual-accelerometer configuration measurement error is 35.7318, while standard deviation of dual-accelerometer filtering measurement error is 2.2958 and direct filtering measurement error is 0.3344.

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Chen, Qi, Zhongyuan Wang, Sijiang Chang, and Jian Fu. "Multiphase trajectory optimization for gun-launched glide guided projectiles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 230, no. 6 (September 3, 2015): 995–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410015602507.

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Li, Jie Min, Guang Lin He, and Hao Yang Guo. "A Study on the Aerodynamic Characteristics for a Two-Dimensional Trajectory Correction Fuze." Applied Mechanics and Materials 703 (December 2014): 370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.703.370.

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This study researched the aerodynamic characteristics of a two-dimensional trajectory correction fuze used for the common artillery ammunition, which increases the targeting accuracy by decreasing the circular error probability. The correction fuze has a pair of fixed canard and a pair of steering canards for roll control and guidance. In this study, computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation is performed to study the aerodynamic characteristics of the trajectory correction fuze. The primary purpose of this performance was to predict the aerodynamic coefficients and flow field over a spin-stabilized projectile with the correction fuze. Calculation covered from-10 degrees to 10 degrees steering canards deflection over speed range from Mach 0.6 to 3. The results showed the variation law in the rotary moment of correction module and the control forces of the steering canards with the Mach varying, providing aerodynamic reference for the research of trajectory correction projectiles in the future.

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Iverson, Katherine R., Eleanor Curtis, Ian E. Brown, Edgardo S. Salcedo, and John T. Anderson. "New fragmenting bullet leads to unexpected injury pattern: A case report involving the Radically Invasive Projectile." Trauma 21, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460408618759365.

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New developments in bullet technology are challenging what is commonly known about penetrating injuries from gunshot wounds. The so-called ‘bullet-rule’ posits the number of wounds and projectiles associated with a patient should add to an even number. This trauma paradigm is being shattered by the advent of new fragmenting projectiles. These frangible rounds break into several pieces after soft tissue penetration changing the expected trajectory, injury location, and extent of tissue damage. In this case report, the authors describe the case of a 15-year-old boy injured by a G2 Radically Invasive Projectile (RIP). The patient’s resultant pattern of injuries and the diagnostic utility of imaging were imperative for guiding his clinical management. The case serves as a useful example of the challenges and recommended strategies in managing a patient injured by a new fragmenting bullet.

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Zhao, Chenggong, Cong Wang, Yingjie Wei, Xiaoshi Zhang, and Tiezhi Sun. "Experimental study on oblique water entry of projectiles." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 28 (October 19, 2016): 1650348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503486.

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An experimental study of oblique water entry of projectiles with different noses has been conducted using high-speed photography technology. The images of the initial water entry impact, cavity evolution, and the closure and shedding of vortices of cavity are presented in the paper. The results reveal that for high-speed oblique water entry (the initial impact velocity [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]50 m/s), the cavity attached to the projectile is symmetrical and free from the influence of gravity. The shedding of the water–vapor–air mixture in the tail of the cavity produces vortices which disappear in the rear of the projectile trajectory. Particular attention is given to the velocity attenuation of the projectile after water entry. The results show that there is a transition point at the time corresponding to the surface seal of the cavity during the velocity attenuation after oblique water entry, and the rates of velocity attenuation are different before and after this transition point. Additionally, the chronophotography of the cavity evolution shows that the time when the surface seal of the cavity occurs decreases with the increase of the initial impact velocity of the projectile.

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Cooper, G. R., and Mark Costello. "Trajectory Prediction of Spin-Stabilized Projectiles with a Liquid Payload." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 48, no. 4 (July 2011): 664–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.52564.

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Xu, Qiuping, Sijiang Chang, and Zhongyuan Wang. "Composite-Efficiency-Factor-Based Trajectory Optimization for Gliding Guided Projectiles." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 55, no. 1 (January 2018): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.a33720.

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Gao, Min, Yongwei Zhang, and Suochang Yang. "Firing Control Optimization of Impulse Thrusters for Trajectory Correction Projectiles." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/781472.

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This paper presents an optimum control scheme of firing time and firing phase angle by taking impact point deviation as optimum objective function which takes account of the difference of longitudinal and horizontal correction efficiency, firing delay, roll rate, flight stability, and so forth. Simulations indicate that this control scheme can assure lateral impulse thrusters are activated at time and phase angle when the correction efficiency is higher. Further simulations show that the impact point dispersion is mainly influenced by the total impulse deployed, and the impulse, number, and firing interval need to be optimized to reduce the impact point dispersion of rockets. Live firing experiments with two trajectory correction rockets indicate that the firing control scheme works effectively.

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Cao, Xiao Bing, Yi Cen Xu, Chang Ying Rui, and Zheng Ya Shan. "Simulation of Trajectory Correction for an Impulse Control Mortar Projectile with a Strapdown Laser Seeker." Applied Mechanics and Materials 367 (August 2013): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.367.377.

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Aiming at improving the precision of mortar projectiles, an impulse control mechanism is proposed in this paper. The guidance uses a four-quadrant strapdown laser seeker to detect the intended target and utilizes impulse thrusters to correct the terminal trajectory. Based on the analysis of impulse forces and impulse moments, the 6-DOF equations for the trajectory under control are deduced. Also, the model of the seeker’s acquisition area is established. Numerical simulations of typical corrected trajectories are carried out with the computer programs developed in C code. The results indicate that the impulse thrusters can improve impact point performance effectively. The models and the control algorithms are applicable to the simulation and calculation for similar projectiles.

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Li, Rupeng, Dongguang Li, and Jieru Fan. "Research on Instability Boundaries of Control Force for Trajectory Correction Projectiles." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (March 11, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6362835.

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The balance of stability and maneuverability is the foundation of the trajectory correction projectile. For the terminal correction projectile without an attitude feedback loop, a larger control force is expected which may cause an instability. This paper proposes a novel method to derive instability boundaries for the control force magnitude. No additional coordinate system is needed in this method. By introducing the concept of angular compensation matrix, the exterior ballistic linearized equations considering control force are established. The necessary prerequisite for a stable flight under control is given by the Routh stability criterion. The instability boundaries for the control force magnitude are derived. The results of example flights are 13.5% more accurate compared with that in relevant research. Numerical simulations demonstrate that if the control force magnitude lies in the unstable scope derived in this paper, the projectile loses its stability. Furthermore, the effects of the projectile pitch, velocity, and roll rate on flight stability during correction are investigated using the proposed instability boundaries.

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BARANOWSKI, Leszek, and Zbigniew LECIEJEWSKI. "Use of Standard Meteorological Messages to Simulate the Flight of 35 mm TP-T Projectile Under Actual Conditions." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0797.

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The paper presents a method of using actual atmosphere parameter data contained in meteorological messages, necessary for numerical calculation of a spin-stabilised projectile trajectory. Three standard meteorological messages are considered: message METB3 compliant with STANAG 4061, message METCM compliant with STANAG 4082, and message METEO11, so called meteoaverage, currently used in the Polish Armed Forces. The purpose of verifying the correctness of the prepared algorithms of using meteorological messages, a computer program simulating the flight of the 35 mm TP-T anti-aircraft projectiles under actual atmospheric conditions was developed, and appropriate calculations were performed.

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Mazur, Julia, and Paweł Faliszewski. "The significance of ricochet marks in finding bullets at the shooting scene and in determining shooter location." Issues of Forensic Science 287 (2015): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.34836/pk.2015.287.5.

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The article offers an overview of the ricochet phenomenon. The authors addresses the issue of examining bullet trajectories that have been deflected as a result of coming into contact with different types of obstacles. Ricochet marks are used by forensic experts to determine bullet trajectory, pattern, caliber and shooter location. Finding the ricocheted projectiles is difficult due to the fact that the angles of incidence (impact) and reflection are not equal. This article, devoted to ballistics and ricochet phenomenon, is based on the findings of the study conducted by specialists of the MWD Academy, Volgograd, Russia. The above study involved the use of a small semiautomatic 5.45 mm PSM pistol. Experimental firing was conducted with 5.45 mm pistol cartridges with central ignition (MPC); 2.5 g steel-core bullet; 0.15-0.17 g powder charge (Sf 040 gunpowder); muzzle velocity: 315–325 m/s. The shooting targets involved 16 mm particleboards (DSP) covered with laminate and without laminate, removed from old furniture. The results of 17 experimental firings are shown in this article. For all the firing trials, the muzzle was positioned at a distance of 2 m from the anticipated impact site. Based on the obtained results, it can be inferred that for all the ricochet incidents, the angle of reflection was greater than the angle of incidence. The projectile penetrated the particleboard over a certain distance and exited out the front site. The analysis of findings will in the future serve the formulation of the conclusions about the shooting scene, including finding the projectiles. The authors developed the following sequence of recommended expert activities: determining the type of projectile, trajectory, angles of incidence and reflection, shooter position and finally, the search for a projectile.

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Zhang, Kai Chuang, Xin Bao Gao, and Hui Ning Le. "Torque Analysis and Simulation Calculation of Flying Fixed Canard." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.202.

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Projectiles with fixed canard trajectory correction kit use Brushless DC motor (BLDC) with position sensorless to control fixed canard. Through the roll in the process of fixed canard trajectory correction kit flight direction by moment analysis and simulation, then electromagnetic torque values range is determined. Control effect of electromagnetic torque simulation, determine from the electromagnetic torque to meet the requirements in the process of correction.

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Stanislawek, S., A. Morka, and T. Niezgoda. "Pyramidal ceramic armor ability to defeat projectile threat by changing its trajectory." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2015-0096.

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Abstract This paper presents a numerical study of a multilayer composite panel impacted by an AP (Armor Piercing) 14.5×114 mm B32 projectile. The composite consists of alternating layers of hard ceramic and a ductile aluminum alloy. While the alloy layer consists of typical plate, ceramics confront projectiles in the form of ceramic pyramids. The studied models are compared with a reference structure, which is a standard double layer panel. The problem has been solved with the usage of modeling and simulation methods as well as a finite elements method implemented in LS-DYNA software. Space discretization for each option was built with three dimensional elements ensuring satisfying accuracy of the calculations. For material behavior simulation, specific models including the influence of the strain rate and temperature changes were considered. A steel projectile and aluminum plate material were described by the Johnson-Cook model and a ceramic target by the Johnson-Holmquist model. The obtained results indicate that examined structures can be utilized as a lightweight ballistic armor in certain conditions. However, panels consisting of sets of ceramic prisms are a little easier to penetrate. Despite this fact, a ceramic layer is much less susceptible to overall destruction, making it more applicable for the armor usage. What is most important in this study is that significant projectile trajectory deviation is detected, depending on the impact point. Such an effect may be utilized in solutions, where a target is situated relatively far from an armor.

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Schmidt, E. M., and F. J. Brandon. "Influence of muzzle brakes upon the trajectory of fin-stabilized projectiles." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 24, no. 2 (March 1987): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.25892.

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Chen, Tuo, Wei Huang, Wei Zhang, Yafei Qi, and Zitao Guo. "Experimental investigation on trajectory stability of high-speed water entry projectiles." Ocean Engineering 175 (March 2019): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2019.02.021.

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Wei, Bin, Jin Liang, Lei-gang Li, and Mao-dong Ren. "Trajectory and attitude measuring scheme for launching projectiles of inflight aircraft." Optik 127, no. 10 (May 2016): 4185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.01.036.

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Yan, Guo-Xin, Guang Pan, Yao Shi, and Guan-Hua Wang. "Experimental study on water entry of cylindrical projectiles with different nose shapes." Modern Physics Letters B 33, no. 09 (March 30, 2019): 1950107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984919501070.

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Water entry experiments of projectiles with different nose shapes were performed under different entry angles and velocities using high-speed photography technology. The cavity flow characteristics of the near water surface, including splash jet, splash crown, surface seal of cavity, pull away, deep seal of cavity and cavity collapses, were systematically investigated using a high-speed camera. The emphasis of the study is paid on the effect of nose shape, water entry angle and velocity on the evolution of the air entraining cavity. The experimental results demonstrate that the nose shape of projectile has a significant influence on the jet flow, the cavity diameter and trajectory stability in the case of certain other conditions. On the other hand, the splash scale, cavity diameter increase gradually with the increasing of the water entry velocity, as well as the cavitation closed in advance. Furthermore, the water entry angle of the projectile plays an important role in the cavity evolution and the close type.

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Miloh, T., and Y. Shukron. "Ricochet Off Water of Spherical Projectiles." Journal of Ship Research 35, no. 02 (June 1, 1991): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1991.35.2.91.

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The oblique water-entry problem of a spherical projectile is analytically analyzed with special reference to the ricocheting phenomena of the object off a free surface. Under the assumption of large impact velocity, the Kelvin-Kirchoff-Lagrange equations of motion are formulated in terms of the various time-dependent added-mass coefficients and their time derivatives. The actual trajectory of the sphere below the free surface is obtained by integration of these equations, and a critical value for the projectile incident angle (ricochet) is obtained in terms of the initial Froude number and the specific density of the solid. It is demonstrated that for infintely large Froude numbers this solution reduces to the well-known empirical expression for the critical angle of a sphere in oblique water-entry.

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Chen, Guoming, Junhua Hu, An Liu, Jinfu Feng, and Qingqing Hu. "Motion Characteristics After Ricochet: An Experimental Investigation." Polish Maritime Research 27, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2020-0021.

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AbstractThe ricochet behaviour of the air–water trans-media vehicle (AWTMV) during water-entry crossing was experimentally investigated. Three types of small-scale AWTMV including cone, ogive, and flat nose were used in the test. The underwater trajectory, velocity, and inclination angle of projectiles during the ricochet process were obtained using a high-speed camera. The angle change of the AWTMV and the ratio of the residual velocity are introduced. Based on this result, the relationship between the ricochet responses and initial conditions was derived. The results of this study show that (1) a small incident angle and great velocity make the occurrence of ricochet behaviour easier, (2) the stability of the trajectory of projectiles with cone, ogive, and flat nose weakened in turn at the same initial conditions, (3) the angle change and the ratio of the residual velocity are linear functions of the incident angle and velocity.

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MYRTROEEN, O. J., and G. R. HUNT. "Negatively buoyant projectiles – from weak fountains to heavy vortices." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 657 (July 1, 2010): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010002508.

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An experimental investigation to establish the maximum rise height zm attained by a finite volume of fluid forced impulsively vertically upwards against its buoyancy into quiescent surroundings of uniform density is described. In the absence of a density contrast, the release propagates as a vortex ring and the vertical trajectory is limited by viscous effects. On increasing the source density of the release, gravitational effects limit the trajectory and a maximum rise height zm is reached. For these negatively buoyant releases, the dependence of zm on the length L of the column of ejected fluid, nozzle diameter D (= 2r0), dispensing time and source reduced gravity is determined by injecting saline solution into a fresh-water environment. For 3.4 ≲ L/D ≲ 9.0, zm/r0 is shown to scale on the source parameter η = Fr(L/D), a product of the source Froude number Fr and the aspect ratio L/D for the finite-volume release. Our results show that the morphology of the cap that develops above the source and the vortical motion induced within are sensitively dependent on the source conditions. Moreover, three rise-height regimes are identified: ‘weak-fountain-transition’, ‘vorticity-development’ and ‘forced-release’ regimes, each with a distinct morphology and dependence of dimensionless rise height on η.

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Elsaadany, Ahmed, and Yi Wen-jun. "Accuracy Improvement Capability of Advanced Projectile Based on Course Correction Fuze Concept." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/273450.

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Improvement in terminal accuracy is an important objective for future artillery projectiles. Generally it is often associated with range extension. Various concepts and modifications are proposed to correct the range and drift of artillery projectile like course correction fuze. The course correction fuze concepts could provide an attractive and cost-effective solution for munitions accuracy improvement. In this paper, the trajectory correction has been obtained using two kinds of course correction modules, one is devoted to range correction (drag ring brake) and the second is devoted to drift correction (canard based-correction fuze). The course correction modules have been characterized by aerodynamic computations and flight dynamic investigations in order to analyze the effects on deflection of the projectile aerodynamic parameters. The simulation results show that the impact accuracy of a conventional projectile using these course correction modules can be improved. The drag ring brake is found to be highly capable for range correction. The deploying of the drag brake in early stage of trajectory results in large range correction. The correction occasion time can be predefined depending on required correction of range. On the other hand, the canard based-correction fuze is found to have a higher effect on the projectile drift by modifying its roll rate. In addition, the canard extension induces a high-frequency incidence angle as canards reciprocate at the roll motion.

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Hiendro, Ayong. "Projectile-target search algorithm: a stochastic metaheuristic optimization technique." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 3772. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i5.pp3772-3778.

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This paper proposes a new stochastic metaheuristic optimization algorithm which is based on kinematics of projectile motion and called projectile-target search (PTS) algorithm. The PTS algorithm employs the envelope of projectile trajectory to find the target in the search space. It has 2 types of control parameters. The first type is set to give the possibility of the algorithm to accelerate convergence process, while the other type is set to enhance the possibility to generate new better projectiles for searching process. However, both are responsible to find better fitness values in the search space. In order to perform its capability to deal with global optimum problems, the PTS algorithm is evaluated on six well-known benchmarks and their shifted functions with 100 dimensions. Optimization results have demonstrated that the PTS algoritm offers very good performances and it is very competitive compared to other metaheuristic algorithms

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Gkritzapis, D. N., E. E. Panagiotopoulos, D. P. Margaris, and D. G. Papanikas. "Computational atmospheric trajectory simulation analysis of spin-stabilised projectiles and small bullets." International Journal of Computing Science and Mathematics 2, no. 1/2 (2008): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijcsm.2008.019723.

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Chen, Xuguang, Fangyun Lu, and Duo Zhang. "Penetration trajectory of concrete targets by ogived steel projectiles–Experiments and simulations." International Journal of Impact Engineering 120 (October 2018): 202–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2018.06.004.

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Pires, Mário Sergio Medeiros, CarolineComis Giongo, Guilherme de Marco Antonello, Ricardo Torres do Couto, Ruy de Oliveira Veras Filho, and Otacílio Luiz Chagas Junior. "An Interesting Case of Gunshot Injury to the Temporomandibular Joint." Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction 8, no. 1 (March 2015): 79–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1390244.

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The head and face are relatively common sites of gunshot injury, and the temporomandibular joint is often affected. These wounds usually produce major deformity and functional impairment, particularly when the temporomandibular joint is affected or when structures such as the facial nerve are damaged. Complications may include mandibular displacement at maximum mouth opening and in protrusion, limited mouth opening, limited lateral movement of the jaw, anterior open bite, and, more rarely, temporomandibular ankylosis. Projectiles that strike the mandible usually cause comminuted fractures; maxillary wounds, in turn, are most commonly perforating. The present report describes a case of gunshot injury in which the projectile lodged within the mandibular fossa but did not cause any fractures. Oral and maxillofacial trauma surgeons must be aware of the different types of gunshot injury, as they produce distinct patterns of tissue destruction due to projectile trajectory and release of kinetic energy into surrounding tissue.

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Korolev, S. A., I. G. Rusyak, and V. G. Sufiyanov. "Method for Calculating the Trajectory of Projectiles and Rockets Shooting from Moving Carrier." Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 14, no. 4 (January 30, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2016-4-13-18.

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Статья посвящена исследованию факторов, влияющих на точность стрельбы с подвижного носителя (вертолета): влияние параметров движения подвижного носителя на начальные условия стрельбы, влияние воздушного потока, создаваемого несущим винтом вертолета, на начальном участке траектории. Представлена методика решения траекторной задачи с учетом приведенных факторов. Приведены результаты исследования влияния рассматриваемых факторов на траекторию движения снарядов и ракет.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Trajectory of projectiles'

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