Dissertations / Theses: 'Tram rails'

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Dahlström, Johanna, Licette Hansen, Ellen Hartel, Francesca Larsson, and Hanna Pettersson. "Hållbara spårvägar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385340.

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The Swedish city of Uppsala is growing and will be expanded. To manage the increase in traffic, a tramway is being planned. It is vital to make the construction and the tramway tracks sustainable. This is explored to study carbon dioxide emissions related to tramway track materials as well as their wear and service life. This project investigates sustainability, the tramway track constituents, rail steel, the rails' wear, rail surface treatments that could minimize wear and increase service life, materials surrounding the rails, and the production of the most used materials in tramway tracks. A literature study is conducted to compare different options for materials and treatments. The municipality of Uppsala's climate goals, technical standards and regulations, articles and studies about the mentioned topics, amongst other sources, are considered and compared. The results include a rough estimation of the material consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Asphalt tracks have the lowest emissions of the different surrounding material options. The steel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for the vignole rails are less than for grooved rails and the concrete consumption for grass tracks is slightly less compared to edilon tracks. It is also possible to switch from regular perlitic rail steel to bainitic rail steel when needed. Laser hardening, UNSM, and thermal plasma hardening decrease the rails' wear (rates) considering increased surface hardness.
Uppsala är en växande stad och därför ska Södra staden byggas ut. Spårvagnstrafik planeras för att hantera den kommande trafikbelastning. Det är viktigt att göra konstruktionen av spårvägen till spårvagnen så hållbar och miljövänlig som möjligt. Detta utreds i denna rapport för att undersöka koldioxidutsläpp från spårvägens material samt dess slitage och livslängd. Rapporten undersöker hållbarhet, hur spårvägarna ser ut och dess olika delar, rälstål, rälernas slitage, ytbehandlingar till rälarna som kan minimera slitage och öka livslängden, samt tillverkningen av de mest förekommande materialen i spårvagnars spårvägar. En litteraturstudie genomförs för att jämföra olika materialvals- och behandlingsalternativ. Uppsala kommuns klimatmål, tekniska standarder och regelverk, artiklar och studier om de nämnda ämnena, bland andra resurser, används och jämförs. Studiens resultat inkluderar en grov uppskattning av materialåtgången och koldioxidutsläpp. Det blir minst koldioxidutsläpp från asfaltsspår när det gäller de omgivande materialen. Stålåtgången och koldioxidutsläppen för vignolräler är mindre än för gaturäler och betongåtgången blir lite mindre för grässpår jämfört med edilonspår. Det är även möjligt att byta från vanligt perlitiskt rälstål till bainitiskt rälstål vid behov. Laserhärdning, UNSM och termisk plasma härdning minskar rälernas slitage med avseende på framförallt ökningar av ythårdhet.

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Bartoňová, Andrea. "Rozvoj tramvajových tratí na Ostravsku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-199716.

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This diploma thesis is focused on the public transport. The theoretical part contains short characteristics of the transport infrastructure followed by a description of the logistics processes in public transport. The practical part focused on the transport network in the city of Ostrava aims at the public transport in the city, particularly public transport system and integrated transport system. The goal of thesis is to give the readers a comprehensive look at the public transport in Ostrava and to present the tramtrain system.

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Hašek, Jan. "Modernizace trati Brno – Přerov v okolí Vyškova pro rychlost 200 km/h." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226030.

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The objective of this master´s thesis is a design of modernization of railway line no. 300 Brno – Přerov in Vyškov area and its vicinity for speed 200 km/h. The track section is located between railway station Luleč and Ivanovice na Hané. The track is designed in two variants. The first variant is proposed keeping railway line through Vyškov railway station including necessary modification of the railway station. The second variant suggests keeping track outside Vyškov and a connection with the railway station by bridging is designed.

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Daniel, Aang. "Routing and Scheduling with Time Windows: Models and Algorithms for Tramp Sea Cargos and Rail Car-Blocks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19698.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.
Committee Chair: Al-Khayyal, Faiz; Committee Member: Barnes, Earl; Committee Member: Johnson, Ellis; Committee Member: Karimi, IA; Committee Member: Sokol, Joel.

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Fraz?o, Maria do Carmo de Luna Malheiros. "CARACTERIZA??O DA COBERTURA DE SINAIS NA FAIXA DE 700 MHZ EM AMBIENTES INTERNOS CONSIDERANDO OS EFEITOS DA POLARIZA??O E DO AZIMUTE DA ANTENA DIRETIVA." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IFPB, 2015. http://repositorio.ifpb.edu.br/jspui/handle/177683/257.

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Com o aparecimento dos sistemas de comunica??o pessoal, tornou-se importante a caracteriza??o da propaga??o em ambientes fechados. A atenua??o no espa?o livre, a propaga??o por multipercurso e as intera??es que a onda mant?m com obst?culos s?o fen?menos mais relevantes associados ? propaga??o em ambientes interiores. Entretanto, se o canal indoor for bem caracterizado os efeitos das perdas de propaga??o eletromagn?ticas podem ser minimizadas, atrav?s da varia??o angular da antena do transmissor, a fim de encontrar a posi??o adequada para a localiza??o do transmissor. No contexto de uma rede sem fio, um ambiente interno difere de um ambiente externo em dois aspectos: menor raio de cobertura e maior variabilidade no ambiente. Constata-se, na pr?tica, que a propaga??o dentro de edifica??es ? influenciada por aspectos espec?ficos, tais como sua arquitetura e pelos materiais usados na constru??o. Nas ?ltimas d?cadas foram desenvolvidos e aperfei?oados v?rios modelos de predi??o que consideram as caracter?sticas do ambiente interno. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer a caracteriza??o da cobertura de sinais de comunica??o sem fio em ambientes interiores na faixa de frequ?ncia em torno de 700 MHz. Essa banda foi escolhida devido a sua destina??o para ser utilizada pelos sistemas de comunica??o em banda larga 4G/LTE no Brasil. Os resultados simulados foram obtidos utilizando o programa comercial WinProp?, com base no m?todo do Tra?ado de Raios. Durante as simula??es foi proposto um m?todo simplificado de predi??o de cobertura, onde foram considerados transmissores virtuais, posicionados pr?ximos ?s paredes de in?cio de cada corredor transversal (situa??o sem visada entre transmissor e receptor), que consideraram como pot?ncias de sa?das as mesmas pot?ncias aferidas naqueles pontos ou locais, a partir do transmissor real. As campanhas de medi??es para a caracteriza??o experimental da cobertura de sinal foram realizadas, obtendo-se valores m?dios do sinal em intervalos regularmente espa?ados, de modo a se garantir uma menor influ?ncia do fen?meno de desvanecimento r?pido e uma maior espacialidade entre elas. Deste modo, os resultados obtidos mostraram uma boa concord?ncia entre os valores simulados, medidos e te?ricos, calculados a partir da f?rmula de Friis, nas situa??es com visada e sem visada direta.

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Řihánek, Šimon. "Design tramvaje." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232056.

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The content of this diploma thesis is design of a low-floor tram, primarily intended for inner-city use. The thesis includes a brief summary of the historical development, analysis of current trends in tram design and analysis of currently used technical solutions. The main part is devoted to the design process, resulting in shape and graphical solution of the exterior and interior arrangement while respecting the structural and ergonomic requirements in respect of passengers and the driver of the vehicle.

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Garrido, Gonçalo João Antunes. "A nova linha de Lisboa. 2ª circular: entre limite e interface." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitetura de Lisboa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5843.

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Matečka, Martin. "Vývoj pískovacích jednotek pro kolejová vozidla." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232037.

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This master's thesis is engaged in development of new sanding units for a specific type of rail vehicle. Sanding in rail transport is application of most commonly silica sand into wheel-rail contact. Thanks to its reliability it is still the most widely used method for removing contaminants and improving adhesion in that contact. Sanding devices were developed in cooperation with corporation, which deals with production of rail transport equipment, among other things. The most important part of sanding device is sand dispenser. Dispensers were experimentally developed at the test station in the cooperating corporation. Dispensers were tested for utilization conditions on the locomotive of the train and conditions for trams and light rail vehicles. Furthermore, sand boxes have been designed for specific type of rail vehicle and new type of sand discharge tube, which directs sand directly into wheel-rail contact was designed too.

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Alves, Francisco Alekson. "Modelo 2,5D de predi??o de propaga??o para ambientes interiores utilizando o m?todo do tra?ado de raios." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2005. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15267.

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A 2.5D ray-tracing propagation model is proposed to predict radio loss in indoor environment. Specifically, we opted for the Shooting and Bouncing Rays (SBR) method, together with the Geometrieal Theory of Diffrartion (GTD). Besides the line-of-sight propagation (LOS), we consider that the radio waves may experience reflection, refraction, and diffraction (NLOS). In the Shooting and Bouncing Rays (SBR) method, the transmitter antenna launches a bundle of rays that may or may not reach the receiver. Considering the transmitting antenna as a point, the rays will start to launch from this position and can reach the receiver either directly or after reflections, refractions, diffractions, or even after any combination of the previous effects. To model the environment, a database is built to record geometrical characteristics and information on the constituent materials of the scenario. The database works independently of the simulation program, allowing robustness and flexibility to model other seenarios. Each propagation mechanism is treated separately. In line-of-sight propagation, the main contribution to the received signal comes from the direct ray, while reflected, refracted, and diffracted signal dominate when the line-of-sight is blocked. For this case, the transmitted signal reaches the receiver through more than one path, resulting in a multipath fading. The transmitting channel of a mobile system is simulated by moving either the transmitter or the receiver around the environment. The validity of the method is verified through simulations and measurements. The computed path losses are compared with the measured values at 1.8 GHz ftequency. The results were obtained for the main corridor and room classes adjacent to it. A reasonable agreement is observed. The numerical predictions are also compared with published data at 900 MHz and 2.44 GHz frequencies showing good convergence
Este trabalho apresenta um modelo 2,5D de tra?ado de raios para predi??o de propaga??o em ambientes interiores (indoor). Especificamente, optou-se pelo M?todo dos Raios For?ados (SBR) em combina??o com a Teoria Geom?trica da Difra??o (GTD). Considera-se que, al?m de propaga??o em visada direta (LOS), podem ocorrer os mecanismos de reflex?o, refra??o e difra??o (NLOS). No M?todo dos Raios For?ados (SBR), a antena transmissora lan?a um feixe de raios que pode ou n?o alcan?ar o receptor. Considerando a antena transmissora como elemento pontual, os raios s?o lan?ados dessa posi??o, podendo alcan?ar o receptor diretamente ou mediante reflex?es, refra??es, difra??es, ou pela combina??o dessas modalidades de propaga??o. Para o modelamento do ambiente, um banco de dados ? constru?do para armazenar as caracter?sticas geom?tricas e informa??es dos materiais constituintes do cen?rio. O banco de dados funciona independentemente do programa de simula??o, possibilitando robustez ? implementa??o e maior flexibilidade para a representa??o de outros ambientes. Cada mecanismo de propaga??o ? tratado separadamente. Na propaga??o em linha de visada, o raio direto oferece maior contribui??o ao sinal recebido, enquanto o raio refletido, refratado e difratado apresentam maior influ?ncia quando a propaga??o ocorre com obstru??o. Neste caso, o sinal transmitido alcan?a o receptor por diversas trajet?rias, ocorrendo desvanecimento por m?ltiplos percursos. O canal de transmiss?o, no sistema m?vel, ? simulado deslocando-se o transmissor ou o receptor ao longo do ambiente. A valida??o do m?todo ? verificada atrav?s de simula??es e medi??es. As perdas de percurso calculadas s?o comparadas com os valores medidos, na freq??ncia de 1,8 GHz. Os resultados s?o obtidos para ambientes de corredor e salas de aula adjacentes. Uma boa converg?ncia ? observada. Os resultados num?ricos deste trabalho s?o tamb?m comparados com os dispon?veis na literatura especializada, na freq??ncia de 900 MHz e 2,44 GHz, mostrando boa concord?ncia

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Ferreira, Fernando José Guimarães. "Transporte ferroviário urbano : a mobilidade da população da região sudeste de Teresina e o trem urbano /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95710.

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Orientador: Sandra Elisa Contri Pitton
Banca: Silvia Aparecida Guarnieri Ortigoza
Banca: Tânia Maria de Campos Leite
Resumo: Num panorama de fortes desigualdades sociais, o Brasil apresenta uma população formada por grupos abaixo da linha da pobreza, de um lado, e classes com rendas individuais acima da média per capita de países desenvolvidos, do outro. As barreiras impostas pela desigualdade social podem ser reduzidas por uma política de transporte público que promova a mobilidade das pessoas e a sua acessibilidade aos locais de interesse. A mobilidade cotidiana e o acesso aos meios de transporte são necessidades essenciais à realização da maioria das atividades econômicas e sociais da população. Diante disto, este trabalho analisa a mobilidade da população de baixa renda da região sudeste de Teresina, usuária do trem urbano, levando em consideração o transporte público coletivo, como um importante fator contribuinte do desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental das cidades
Abstract: In a scene of strong social inequalities, Brazil has in its population groups below the poverty line, on one hand, and classes with individual incomes above the average per capita in developed countries, on the other. The barriers imposed by social inequality can be reduced by a public transport policy that promotes the mobility of people and their accessibility to places of interest. The mobility and access to daily transportation needs are essential to the realization of most economic and social activities of the population. Given this, this study analyzes the mobility of low-income population in the region southeast of Teresina, user's urban train taking into account, the public transportation as a major contributing factor of economic, social and environmental impact of cities
Mestre

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Ferreira, Fernando José Guimarães [UNESP]. "Transporte ferroviário urbano: a mobilidade da população da região sudeste de Teresina e o trem urbano." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95710.

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Num panorama de fortes desigualdades sociais, o Brasil apresenta uma população formada por grupos abaixo da linha da pobreza, de um lado, e classes com rendas individuais acima da média per capita de países desenvolvidos, do outro. As barreiras impostas pela desigualdade social podem ser reduzidas por uma política de transporte público que promova a mobilidade das pessoas e a sua acessibilidade aos locais de interesse. A mobilidade cotidiana e o acesso aos meios de transporte são necessidades essenciais à realização da maioria das atividades econômicas e sociais da população. Diante disto, este trabalho analisa a mobilidade da população de baixa renda da região sudeste de Teresina, usuária do trem urbano, levando em consideração o transporte público coletivo, como um importante fator contribuinte do desenvolvimento econômico, social e ambiental das cidades
In a scene of strong social inequalities, Brazil has in its population groups below the poverty line, on one hand, and classes with individual incomes above the average per capita in developed countries, on the other. The barriers imposed by social inequality can be reduced by a public transport policy that promotes the mobility of people and their accessibility to places of interest. The mobility and access to daily transportation needs are essential to the realization of most economic and social activities of the population. Given this, this study analyzes the mobility of low-income population in the region southeast of Teresina, user’s urban train taking into account, the public transportation as a major contributing factor of economic, social and environmental impact of cities

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Hon?rio, Pablo Rodrigo Padilha. "Desenvolvimento de marcadores por tra?os de elementos qu?micos para identifica??o de cabos el?tricos via fluoresc?ncia de raios X." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIA E ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24728.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo o estudo e desenvolvimento de marcadores por tra?os de elementos qu?micos para identifica??o de cabos el?tricos de alum?nio e de cobre por meio da t?cnica anal?tica de espectroscopia por fluoresc?ncia de raios-X (FRX) com uso de equipamento port?til. O desenvolvimento dos marcadores qu?micos tem como prop?sito tentar solucionar ou minimizar o crescente problema de furtos de cabos el?tricos no pa?s, o qual tem causado enormes preju?zos e transtornos para empresas e popula??o. Neste sentido, foram desenvolvidos marcadores utilizando um verniz de base poli?ster e uma resina ep?xi de cor preta, os quais foram dopados com part?culas de Cr2O3. Os marcadores foram produzidos com adi??es de 1, 2, 5 e 10% do peso em massa de Cr2O3 nas resinas polim?ricas e foram aplicados em cabos de alum?nio nus e de cobre revestidos. Ap?s a aplica??o dos marcadores, os cabos foram analisados via FRX, em seguida fundidos, e novamente analisados via FRX para verificar a perman?ncia do elemento marcador, mesmo ap?s uma poss?vel reciclagem dos cabos. Os resultados mostraram que os marcadores qu?micos s?o eficientes para identifica??o do Cr via FRX de laborat?rio, mesmo com apenas 1% de adi??o de Cr2O3 na superf?cie de cabos de Al e Cu, com os dois tipos de resinas, contudo, n?o ? suficiente para identifica??o ap?s a refus?o dos condutores. Os marcadores contendo 2 e 5% de Cr2O3 mostraram-se pouco eficientes na identifica??o do Cr ap?s refus?o. Apenas os marcadores confeccionados com resina poli?ster contendo 10% de Cr2O3 se mostraram eficientes ap?s a refus?o do Al sendo identificados em todos os corpos de prova analisados.
The present work has as objective the study and development of markers based on traces of chemical elements for the identification of electrical cables of aluminum and copper by means of a X-ray fluorescence (XRF) portable equipment. The development of chemical markers has as purpose try to solve or minimize the problem of theft of electric cables in the country, which has caused huge losses and disorders for companies and population. In this sense, the markers were developed using a polyester-based varnish and a black epoxy resin, which were doped with Cr2O3 particles. The markers were produced with additions of 1, 2, 5 and 10% of bulk weight of Cr2O3 in polymer resins and they were applied on cables of bare aluminum and isolated copper. After the markers were applied, the cables were analyzed via XRF, then fused, and again analyzed by XRF to check the permanence of the marker element, even after a possible recycling of the cables. The results showed that the chemical markers are efficient for identifying the Cr element via laboratory FRX even with only 1% bulk addition of Cr2O3 on the surface of Al and Cu cables, with both types of resins, however, it is not sufficient for identification after re-fusion of the conductors. The markers containing 2 and 5% of Cr2O3 showed little efficiency in the identification of Cr after re-fusion. Only the markers made with polyester resin containing 10% of Cr2O3 proved to be efficient after the Al re-fusion and were identified in all analyzed samples.

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Eichhorn, Sven, Brit Clauß, Klaus Nendel, and Michael Gehde. "Entwicklung eines kompletten Trag- und Gleitprofils aus WPC (Wood Polymer Composite) für ein Hängefördersystem." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-129718.

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Aufbauend auf Forschungsarbeiten mit einer Hybridstruktur aus Aluminium und WPC (Wood Polymer Composite) werden die wichtigsten Entwicklungsschritte zur Synthese eines kompletten Tragprofils aus WPC vorgestellt. Dieses Tragprofil ist für den Einsatz in Hängefördersystemen vorgesehen
Based on research with an sectional beam in hybrid design made from aluminium and WPC (Wood Polymer Composite), the important steps for developing a fully implemented sectional WPC-beam are presented. This sectional beam is intended for the use in an overhead conveying system

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Burian, Josef. "Výpočtové modelováni komplexních vlastních frekvencí tramvajového kola při průjezdu zatáčkou." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-254382.

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This Master’s thesis deals with the computational modeling of complex natural frequencies of the tram wheels during cornering. The aim of this work is to determine eigenvalues, perform analysis of the influence of different parameters on eigenvalues and perform harmonic response analysis in order to find surface velocities that can be used in future noise emission analysis.

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Backlund, Tomas, and Hedlund Tom. "Spårvagnstrafik i Västerås? : En förstudie i förutsättningarna för modern spårvagnstrafik." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-12909.

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Läns- och lokaltrafikens branschorganisation Svensk Kollektivtrafik har som mål att år 2020 ha fördubblat kollektivtrafikresandet från 2006 års siffror. En sådan förändring kommer inte att ske av sig självt utan ett målmedvetet arbete kommer att krävas för att göra kollektivtrafiken mer attraktiv. En alltmer aktuell utveckling av kollektivtrafiken är att flera svenska städer har mer eller mindre långtgångna planer på att införa spårvagnstrafik. Detta examensarbetes syfte är att utreda förutsättningarna för en spårvägsetablering i Västerås Stad. Arbetet delas in i litteraturstudie, fallstudie, enkätstudie samt intervjustudie. I den inledande litteraturstudien sammanställs allmän information avseende spårvägens utformning, anläggning, kostnader samt finansieringsmöjligheter. Den knyter även an till tidigare studier inom området för att tillvarata nyttiga erfarenheter. I fallstudien undersöks Västerås förutsättningar för spårvagnstrafik. Förutsättningarna används sedan till att upprätta ett systemförslag avseende ett stomlinjesystem för spårvagn med tillhörande drift- och investeringskostnader. I enkätstudien redogörs Västerås invånares inställning till ett hypotetiskt förslag om införande av spårvagnstrafik som en del av stadens kollektivtrafikssystem. Intervjustudien resulterade i att litteraturstudien kunde kompletteras med en i spårvagnsbranschen aktiv aktörs erfarenheter. Vidare analyseras samtliga studier var för sig och sedan som en enhet. Slutligen presenteras våra egna slutsatser.
County and local traffic trade association Swedish Public Transport Association's goal by 2010 is to double the travel by public transport from 2006 years figures. Such a change will not happen by itself; a systematic effort will be required to create an attractive public transport. A more recent development of public transport is that several Swedish cities have more or less advanced plans to introduce trams.This thesis work aims to investigate the preconditions of a tram establishment in Västerås. The work is divided into literature study, case study, questionnaire survey and interview. The initial literature study summarizes general information regarding light rail design, construction, costs and financing options. The study also ties in with previous studies in the area to gain useful experience. The case study examines Västerås conditions for trams. The conditions are then used to establish a system proposal of a line system for tram with the associated operational and investment costs. The questionnaire study describes Västerås residents attitudes to a hypothetical proposal for the introduction of light rail transit as part of the city's public transport system. The interview study resulted in the literature study being supplemented by experiences from an active actor within the tram industry. The thesis analyzes all of the studies individually and then as a unit. Finally, the authors’ own conclusions are presented.

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Foldyna, David. "Začlenění tramvajové tratě s vegetačním krytem do veřejného prostoru města Brna." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409755.

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This diploma thesis deals with problematics of tram tracks with vegetation cover. The research part of the work contains the overview of currently used systems of green tram tracks in Europe and their advantages and disadvantages with respect to sustainability of a vegetation cover. 3 different variations of a green tram track at a particular location in Brno at Nové Sady street are compared in the second part of the thesis. The low maintenance vegetation and intesively planted vegetation are compared from both financial and ecological points of view. Life cycle costs analysis and multicriterial analysis were used for the comparison.

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Výborný, Filip. "Konfigurovatelná vestavná foto/videopast se záznamem dat a samočinnou adaptací na okolí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234965.

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This diploma thesis deals with a design and construction of an embeded camera trap with a video recording and night vision support, which is able to self adapt to surroundings. The device is based on the Raspberry Pi platform and configurable by touch screen control with a user-friendly graphical interface. Also the web-application for easy remote administration was developed in Ruby On Rails framework. The camera trap was built and successfully tested under the real conditions. There are also typical application cases and requirements for camera trap construction described in this thesis.

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Kako, Iara Sakitani. "O papel dos trilhos na estruturação territorial da cidade de São Paulo de 1867 a 1930." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-12092013-105708/.

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Os mapas da cidade de São Paulo, produzidos no período compreendido entre o final do século XIX e meados do século XX, revelam uma cidade em plena transformação e desenvolvimento, com aumento dos seus limites através das obras de infraestrutura, como linha férrea e de bondes, implantação dos sistemas de distribuição de água e principalmente, energia elétrica, além da construção de novas pontes, loteamentos e arruamentos de chácaras, abertura de ruas, avenidas e praças. A influência dos trilhos (trens e bondes) na estruturação territorial da cidade de São Paulo foi avaliada através da análise de mapas históricos e auxiliada pela cartografia digital. Atualmente, com os recursos técnicos disponíveis, os mapas históricos podem ser estudados de forma sistematizada buscando-se obter uma visão de conjunto a respeito das transformações no espaço geográfico ao longo do tempo. A cartografia digital, apoiada nos softwares de Sistemas de Informação Geográfica (SIG), representa essa possibilidade oferecendo recursos para armazenamento, manipulação, e visualização dos dados geográficos.
The maps of the city of São Paulo produced within period from the late nineteenth and mid-twentieth century, reveal a city undergoing transformation and development, increasing the limits of the urban through infrastructure works such as railway and trams, implementation of water distribution systems and especially electricity, in addition to building new bridges, roads and subdivisions of small farms, open streets, avenues and squares. The influence of the rails (trains and trams) in the territorial structure of the city of São Paulo was evaluated through analysis of historical maps and assisted by digital mapping. Currently, with the available technical resources, historical maps can be studied in a systematic way seeking to get an overview about the changes in geographical space over time. The digital cartography supported by Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software provides resources for storage, manipulation, and visualization of geographic data.

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Fraz?o, Maria do Carmo de Luna Malheiros. "Cacacteriza??o da Cobertura de Sinais na faixa de 700 MHZ em Ambientes Internos considerando os Efeitos da Polariza??o e do Azimute da Antena Diretiva." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IFPB, 2016. http://repositorio.ifpb.edu.br/jspui/handle/177683/280.

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Com o aparecimento dos sistemas de comunica??o pessoal, tornou-se importante a caracteriza??o da propaga??o em ambientes fechados. A atenua??o no espa?o livre, a propaga??o por multipercurso e as intera??es que a onda mant?m com obst?culos s?o fen?menos mais relevantes associados ? propaga??o em ambientes interiores. Entretanto, se o canal indoor for bem caracterizado os efeitos das perdas de propaga??o eletromagn?ticas podem ser minimizadas, atrav?s da varia??o angular da antena do transmissor, a fim de encontrar a posi??o adequada para a localiza??o do transmissor. No contexto de uma rede sem fio, um ambiente interno difere de um ambiente externo em dois aspectos: menor raio de cobertura e maior variabilidade no ambiente. Constata-se, na pr?tica, que a propaga??o dentro de edifica??es ? influenciada por aspectos espec?ficos, tais como sua arquitetura e pelos materiais usados na constru??o. Nas ?ltimas d?cadas foram desenvolvidos e aperfei?oados v?rios modelos de predi??o que consideram as caracter?sticas do ambiente interno. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo estabelecer a caracteriza??o da cobertura de sinais de comunica??o sem fio em ambientes interiores na faixa de frequ?ncia em torno de 700 MHz. Essa banda foi escolhida devido a sua destina??o para ser utilizada pelos sistemas de comunica??o em banda larga 4G/LTE no Brasil. Os resultados simulados foram obtidos utilizando o programa comercial WinProp?, com base no m?todo do Tra?ado de Raios. Durante as simula??es foi proposto um m?todo simplificado de predi??o de cobertura, onde foram considerados transmissores virtuais, posicionados pr?ximos ?s paredes de in?cio de cada corredor transversal (situa??o sem visada entre transmissor e receptor), que consideraram como pot?ncias de sa?das as mesmas pot?ncias aferidas naqueles pontos ou locais, a partir do transmissor real. As campanhas de medi??es para a caracteriza??o experimental da cobertura de sinal foram realizadas, obtendo-se valores m?dios do sinal em intervalos regularmente espa?ados, de modo a se garantir uma menor influ?ncia do fen?meno de desvanecimento r?pido e uma maior espacialidade entre elas. Deste modo, os resultados obtidos mostraram uma boa concord?ncia entre os valores simulados, medidos e te?ricos, calculados a partir da f?rmula de Friis, nas situa??es com visada e sem visada direta.

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Batista, Celane Néry de Oliveira. "Contribuição à análise da capacidade de processamento de trens cargueiros em linhas ferroviárias singelas no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18144/tde-28092006-143106/.

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O expressivo crescimento do setor ferroviário com o processo de privatizações das operações a partir de 1996, fez com que a modalidade aumentasse sua participação na matriz de transportes brasileira. Porém, essa expansão, obtida essencialmente com a substituição e aumento de locomotivas e vagões, juntamente com a modernização do sistema de controle de tráfego, deverá em breve encontrar limites impostos pela geometria e superestrutura da malha ferroviária. O objetivo da dissertação é analisar como esses fatores afetam a capacidade de processamento de trens através de uma linha ferroviária singela. Para alcançar este objetivo desenvolveu-se um modelo capaz de identificar as características da via que restringem as velocidades e o headway das composições ferroviárias. O modelo proposto permite, através da análise de desempenho em cada um dos arcos de um trecho de linha ferroviária, obter uma medida de desempenho global no trecho e identificar os gargalos. O método adotado para determinar a capacidade do trecho para cenários operacionais alternativos é o da utilização de diagramas espaço-tempo. Os diagramas espaço-tempo são elaborados através de um algoritmo em MatLab que soluciona os conflitos nos cruzamentos para um determinado tempo de cruzamento nas estações e efetua a contagem de pares de trens. O desempenho dos trens em cada um dos arcos, dado de entrada do algoritmo, é adquirido através de um modelo de simulação de desempenho de trens elaborado pela Association of Amerian Railroads (AAR). Como aplicação prática apresenta-se uma análise de capacidade para um dos principais corredores de exportação, um trecho da Brasil Ferrovias S.A. entre as cidades de Santa Fé do Sul e Araraquara no estado de São Paulo. A análise dos resultados mostra que o principal fator limitante da velocidade média no espaço dos trens é a atual condição da superestrutura ferroviária e que, uma vez eliminada esta restrição, a supressão de passagens de nível e a relocação de estações de cruzamento, produzem ganhos expressivos.
The expessive growth of the railway sector due to the privatization of the operations since 1996, is increasing the participation of this mode in the brazilian transport matrix. However, this growth is obtained mainly from the replacement and increase of the rolling stock and the modernization of the traffic control system, and will soon reach some important limits imposed by the railway geometry and superstructure. The thesis objective is to analyze how these factors affect the capacity to process trains through a single track railroad line. To reach this objective, a model that identifies the restrictions that impose limits to the speed and headways of the trains was developed. Through the performance analysis on each arc of a railway segment, the model obtains a global performance measure for the whole segment and identifies the bottlenecks. Time-space graphs are developed to determine the capacity of the segment for different operating scenarios. To build the space-time graphs, solve the conflicts at the crossings for a given time to cross and count the trains per day, an algorithm using the MathLab software was developed. The train performance on each arc is obtained through a simulation model developed by the Association of American Railroads (AAR). As a practical application, a capacity analysis of one of the most important export corridors is presented, a segment of the Brasil Ferrovias S.A. network between the cities of Santa Fé do Sul and Araraquara in the state of São Paulo. The analysis of the results shows that the present railway superstructure condition is the main train average space speed limiting factor and, once this restriction is eliminated, the supression of at grade crossings and the relocation of the crossing stations produce expressive gains.

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Santos, Alexandre Ferreira dos. "Caracteriza??o de Cobertura de Sinais em Ambientes Internos com Mais de Um Pavimento na Faixa de 700 MHz." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IFPB, 2016. http://repositorio.ifpb.edu.br/jspui/handle/177683/264.

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Submitted by Alex Sandro R?go (alex@ifpb.edu.br) on 2016-11-23T17:29:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caracteriza??o de Cobertura de Sinais - Alexandre Ferreira dos Santos.pdf: 2003492 bytes, checksum: 2fb564ef825a2732e63662f5c7c238dc (MD5)
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A demanda por comunica??es pessoais, que estabele?am conex?es nas mais diversas situa??es do dia-a-dia, est? estimulando o desenvolvimento de novas t?cnicas de rede que supram a necessidade dos usu?rios m?veis em rela??o ?s transmiss?es de voz e dados ao se movimentarem atrav?s de pr?dios, cidades ou pa?ses. Isso torna o estudo sobre a caracteriza??o da ?rea de cobertura fundamental. Logo, em ambientes internos com mais de um pavimento e quando n?o h? uma linha de visada entre o transmissor e o receptor a propaga??o depende da reflex?o, difra??o, refra??o e, em menor escala, da dispers?o da onda eletromagn?tica. Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a cobertura de sinais em ambientes internos com mais de um pavimento na faixa de frequ?ncia de 700 MHz, em virtude da sua destina??o para o uso dos sistemas de comunica??o em banda larga 4G/LTE no Brasil. Para se obter os resultados simulados foi desenvolvida uma planta em 3D reproduzindo os ambientes analisados. Em seguida a planta foi importada pelas ferramentas que comp?em a su?te WinProp? para a realiza??o das simula??es. Durante esta etapa, foi utilizada uma metodologia simplificada de predi??o de cobertura utilizando o m?todo do Tra?ado de Raios, onde foram considerados transmissores virtuais, posicionados no in?cio dos tr?s corredores analisados do pavimento superior, que consideraram como pot?ncias de sa?da as mesmas encontradas naqueles pontos ou locais, a partir da realiza??o da simula??o. Para a etapa experimental do trabalho foi desenvolvida uma base m?vel, em poliestireno expandido, para transportar o receptor ao longo dos ambientes analisados. As campanhas de medi??es foram realizadas, obtendo-se valores m?dios do sinal em intervalos regularmente espa?ados, para garantir uma menor influ?ncia do fen?meno de desvanecimento r?pido e uma maior espacialidade entre elas. Por fim, os resultados simulados, medidos e calculados a partir da f?rmula de Friis apresentaram um comportamento concordante.

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Martins, Ilton S?vio Batista. "Avalia??o da influ?ncia da mat?ria org?nica, na determina??o quantitativa de metais em amostras de sedimento, por espectrometria de absor??o at?mica e an?lise de metais tra?os por fluoresc?ncia de raios-X." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2011. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17643.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IltonSBM_DISSERT.pdf: 1681110 bytes, checksum: cc6a556fbd04c8fc33747969d0ee11f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-21
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The proposal of this work is to evaluate the influence of the organic matter on the results of the analyses of the metals (Zn, Pb, Al, Cu, Cr, Fe, Cd e Ni) for Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS), so much in the extraction stage as in the reading using for that the chemometrics. They were used for this study sample of bottom sediment collected in river Jundia? in the vicinity of the city of Maca?ba-RN, commercial humus and water of the station of treatment of sewer of UFRN. Through the analyses accomplished by EAA it was verified that the interference of the organic matter happens in the extraction stage and not in the reading. With relationship to the technique of X Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRFS), the present work has as intended to evaluate the viability of this technique for quantitative analysis of trace metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr and Pb) in having leached obtained starting from the extraction with acqua regia for an aqueous solution. The used samples constitute the fine fraction (<0.063 mm) of sediments of swamp of the river Jundia?. The preparation of tablets pressed starting from the dry residue of those leached it allowed your analysis in the solid form. This preliminary study shows that, in the case of the digestion chemistry partially of the fine fractions of bottom sediments used for environmental studies, the technique of applied EFRX to the analysis of dry residues starting from having leached with acqua regia, compared her it analyzes of the leached with ICP-OES, it presents relative mistakes for Cu, Pb, Sr and Zn below 10%
A proposta deste trabalho ? avaliar a influ?ncia da mat?ria org?nica sobre os resultados das an?lises dos metais (Zn, Pb, Al, Cu, Cr, Fe, Cd e Ni) por Espectrometria de Absor??o At?mica (EAA), tanto na etapa de extra??o quanto na leitura utilizando para isso a quimiometria. Foram utilizados para este estudo amostra de sedimento de fundo coletadas no Rio Jundia? nas imedia??es da cidade de Maca?ba-RN, h?mus comercial e ?gua da esta??o de tratamento de esgoto da UFRN. Atrav?s das an?lises realizadas por EAA verificou-se que a interfer?ncia da mat?ria org?nica ocorre na etapa de extra??o e n?o na leitura. Com rela??o ? t?cnica de Espectrometria de Fluoresc?ncia de Raio-X (EFRX), o presente trabalho tem como proposta avaliar a viabilidade desta t?cnica para an?lise quantitativa de metais tra?os (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr e Pb) em lixiviados obtidos a partir da extra??o com ?gua r?gia para uma solu??o aquosa. As amostras utilizadas constituem a fra??o fina (< 0.063 mm) de sedimentos de mangue do Rio Jundia?. A prepara??o de pastilhas prensadas a partir do res?duo seco dos lixiviados permitiu sua an?lise na forma s?lida. Este estudo preliminar mostra que, no caso da digest?o qu?mica parcial das fra??es finas de sedimentos de fundo utilizadas para estudos ambientais, a t?cnica de EFRX aplicada ? an?lise de res?duos secos a partir de lixiviados com ?gua r?gia, comparada a analise do lixiviado com ICP-OES, apresenta erros relativos para Cu, Pb, Sr e Zn abaixo de 10%

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Křemen, Tomáš. "Rekonstrukce železniční stanice Milevsko." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227594.

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The aim of the diploma thesis is the reconstruction of Milevsko railway station. The platforms with access persons with reduced mobility are designed in this station. The rail substructure and station drainage system design was necessary to do within the reconstruction. New assembly of a switches and crossing is the part of reconstruction design as well.

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Zechel, Gero. "Gewinnung sicherer Lastannahmen aus Simulation und Messung zur Festigkeitsauslegung von Straßen- und Stadtbahnen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-218711.

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Die Nutzung historisch solider Lastannahmen, wie sie zum Beispiel die VDV Richtlinie 152 in der Fassung von 1992 festlegt, ist für die Festigkeitsauslegung neuartiger Straßen- und Stadtbahnfahrzeuge unzureichend, da die Annahmen und Methoden der Komplexität und insbesondere der Nichtlinearität moderner Fahrzeugkonzepte keine Rechnung tragen. Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, wie sich entstandene Lücken in den Lastannahmen durch Simulation und Messung von Fahrzeug und Gleis analysieren, verstehen und schließen lassen. Den Kern bildet dabei der Einsatz detaillierterer Simulationsmodelle von Fahrzeug und Gleis, deren Eingangsdaten mit Hilfe von Messungen gewonnen und deren Ausgangsdaten mit ihnen verifiziert und ergänzt werden müssen. Hierfür werden Methoden und Werkzeuge entwickelt, die ein ein vielseitiges Baukastensystem für die Fahrzeuganalyse, Modellvalidierung und Datenbewertung bilden, und zu sicheren Lastannahmen für die Fahrzeugauslegung führen.

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Raif, Lukáš. "Studie rekonstrukce železniční stanice Prostějov hl.n." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-226633.

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The aim of the diploma thesis is the reconstruction of Prostějov hl. n. railway station. The platforms with access persons with reduced mobility are designed in this station. The rail substructure and station drainage system design was necessary to do within the reconstruction. New assembly of a switches and crossing is the part of reconstruction design as well.

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Craveiro, João Carlos Aguiar. "O Carro Eléctrico e o Turismo na cidade do Porto: uma proposta pedagógica." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/36010.

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Wen-HaoWu and 吳文豪. "Cause investigation of rail corrugation – a case study of TRA Shalun Line." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4s7auz.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系
105
When the train passes, the interaction of wheel and rail will generate vibration, noise and wear, and the defects or irregularities on wheels or rails will make it worsen. One kind of the irregularity is corrugation. This is the quasi-periodic irregularity on rails’ running surface. The southbound track of TRA Shalun Line faced corrugation after opening. After literature review, we planned to measure the corrugation and vibration of rail excited by trains and hammer in order to determine the cause of corrugation in this case. We found out the corrugation wavelength in this case are 25mm, 50-63mm and 125-160mm at old low rail, and 10mm wavelength irregularity at new low rail. Computing with the train speed, we would get the corrugation formation mechanism frequency. Comparing with the corrugation characteristics and rail vibration measurement result of train passing and hammer impact, we found out the cause of corrugation. The form mechanism of 50-63mm wavelength corrugation is specific track form resonance (around 200Hz). When the train passes, it will cause high vertical dynamic load and lead to stick-slip oscillation, forming corrugation. We found that replaced new type of rails worked well at improving corrugation. After 7 months of running, there was no corrugation growth at new rail. Based on experiment data, some natural frequencies of new and old rails are different, and this characteristic may encourage the growth of corrugation.

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Pin-YunHuang and 黃品芸. "Analysis of Rail Line Trespassing Accidents- A Case Study of the TRA System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wm696w.

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碩士
國立成功大學
交通管理科學系
104
Rail transport, characterized by its exclusive right of way and high service capacity, has received increasing attention in the international transport community. According to the statistics of Taiwan Railways Administration (TRA), the TRA served approximately 232.8 million passengers in 2014 with an average daily volume of 637,881 passengers, an increase of 4.99% compared to that of 2013. The constant increase of passenger trips has indicated that TRA plays a crucial role for intercity transport services in Taiwan. In terms of traffic accidents for the TRA system, it is relatively few compared to that of the highway system. Nevertheless, in case of a rail accident, it usually causes significant number of casualties and different degrees of impact, even induces some external costs (such as train delay, locomotive engineer’s psychological impact, and injury recovery and facility maintenance expenses, etc.). Past studies concerning rail accidents mainly focused on highway-rail grade crossing accidents. Investigation of rail trespassing incidents is relatively rare. Currently, the operation mileage of the TRA system is 1061.3 kilometers including a total of 91 kilometers of the branch lines. Along the main and branch lines of the TRA system, there are only 466 grade crossings with different control means (mainly active control by quadrant-type gate). Compared to those traffic accidents occurred on grade crossings, the accident frequency and potential impacts of rail line trespassing incidents along the entire service scope of the TRA system should not be ignored, and this topic is deserved in-depth investigation. To resolve the above research question, this study aims to investigate the casual relationship between rail trespassing incidents and a set of covariates using a most recent ten-year (2005-2014) railway line incident dataset provided by the TRA by a two-stage research approach. In the first stage of this study, rail trespassing accident frequency data are modeled by Poisson regression, Negative binomial regression, TOBIT regression models. In the second stage, local traffic and environmental characteristics are incorporated into the modeling process. Geographically weighted regression model is developed to further evaluate the effects of local characteristics on the occurrence of a rail trespassing incident. According to the empirical results of this study, the local model has a better goodness of fit and is able to explore the heterogeneity in different regions. Thereby, the empirical study results of the local models are expected to provide the TRA and related government offices with a reference in preparing rail line trespassing incident prevention strategies.

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Zechel, Gero. "Gewinnung sicherer Lastannahmen aus Simulation und Messung zur Festigkeitsauslegung von Straßen- und Stadtbahnen." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30150.

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Abstract:

Die Nutzung historisch solider Lastannahmen, wie sie zum Beispiel die VDV Richtlinie 152 in der Fassung von 1992 festlegt, ist für die Festigkeitsauslegung neuartiger Straßen- und Stadtbahnfahrzeuge unzureichend, da die Annahmen und Methoden der Komplexität und insbesondere der Nichtlinearität moderner Fahrzeugkonzepte keine Rechnung tragen. Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, wie sich entstandene Lücken in den Lastannahmen durch Simulation und Messung von Fahrzeug und Gleis analysieren, verstehen und schließen lassen. Den Kern bildet dabei der Einsatz detaillierterer Simulationsmodelle von Fahrzeug und Gleis, deren Eingangsdaten mit Hilfe von Messungen gewonnen und deren Ausgangsdaten mit ihnen verifiziert und ergänzt werden müssen. Hierfür werden Methoden und Werkzeuge entwickelt, die ein ein vielseitiges Baukastensystem für die Fahrzeuganalyse, Modellvalidierung und Datenbewertung bilden, und zu sicheren Lastannahmen für die Fahrzeugauslegung führen.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Tram rails'

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