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Academic literature on the topic 'Tramadolo'
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Journal articles on the topic "Tramadolo"
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Serpe, Loredana, Lorenzo Pradelli, and Mario Eandi. "Tramadolo: profilo farmacologico, terapeutico e farmacoeconomico." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 5, no. 3 (2004): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v5i3.794.
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Tramadol is an effective central analgesic with a dual mechanism of action: antagonism on mu-opioid receptors and inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake. In this paper a pharmacological, clinical and economical profile of its use in pain management is provided. Tramadol has proven effective in the treatment of moderate and severe pain associated with acute and chronic conditions of different ethiology, at oral or parenteral doses of about 50-100 mg every 4-6 hours. The maximal daily dose should not exceed 400 mg, less in case of liver or kidney dysfunction. Tramadol has low potential for physical or psychological dependence; the minimal likelihood of provoking typical opioid adverse events represents an advantage over other morphine-like agents. From a pharmacoeconomical point of view, tramadol prescription appears to be efficient: the comparisons conducted in the management of post-surgical pain have shown tramadol to be more convenient than the studied alternatives. Overall, tramadol appears to be a safe and effective drug for the management of pain and it is one of the most relevant week opioids to be used in the second step of the pain management latter proposed by the WHO. The recent introduction of generic tramadol permits to choose among more products and allows to obtain savings on the cost of managing acute and chronic painful conditions.
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Pradelli, Lorenzo, and Mario Eandi. "Implicazioni cliniche ed economiche di tramadolo SR." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 5, no. 4 (2004): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v5i4.813.
Full textAbstract:
Tramadol is one of the preferred weak opioid agonists in the management of chronic pain, due to a good efficacy and safety profile, to a particularly low interference with cardiovascular and respiratory functions and a low dependence and abuse potential. The successful use of tramadol, nevertheless, is often limited by low patient compliance, a consequence of gastrointestinal side effects (mainly nausea and vomiting) and frequent dosing regimens, among other reasons. In this paper, clinical studies conducted on slow-release formulations of tramadol and other strategies for compliance improvement in various pain conditions are reviewed. From the examined literature, it appears that the strategy with the best compliance is the use of slow release (SR) formulations, which simplify dosing regimens and tend to have a somewhat better tolerability, and a slow dose escalation, which improves tolerability. The advantages of SR formulations have to be weighed against the superior acquisition cost and the slower onset of analgesia. A frame for the evaluation of the clinical and economical advantages and disadvantages of SR versus immediate release formulations of tramadol is also proposed.
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Zaniolo, Orietta. "Impiego di tramadolo nelle diverse patologie dolorose." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 6, no. 4 (2005): 385–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v6i4.853.
Full textAbstract:
Pain represents a major health problem that afflicts a significant number of patients, resulting in personal suffering, reduced productivity and substantial health care costs, specially in chronic conditions. Chronic pain, such as low back pain, osteoarthritis, neuropathic and oncologic pain, requires a global management based on clinical evaluation, defining of the adequate therapeutic strategy and assiduous cares. Generally, patients with chronic pain need two different analgesic formulation: one at fixed doses and prolonged duration of action for control of baseline pain and one fast-release drug for treatment of breakthrough pain. Main guidelines recommend use of the same active principle for both these formulations. Tramadol, a dual action analgesic agent, used for controlling moderate to severe pain control in acute and chronic diseases, is available in several different oral formulations. This is important because, apart from efficacy and tolerability, that are the most important criteria to evaluate a therapy, the choice of a formulation with an uncomplicated dosing regimen can increase compliance and, consequently, clinical results, and ameliorate patient quality of life. For the treatment of chronic pain, the appropriate analgesic dosage can be achieved through a gradual titration: this permits to minimize adverse effects and cost of therapy.With tramadol this action can be realized with 50 mg extended-release capsules, that represent the minimal effective dose. When adequate pain relief is obtained, it’s possible to reduce frequency and complexity of dosing regimen using a new once-daily tablet of tramadol. Fast-release orodispersible tramadol tablet, with its practical advantage (rapid disintegration in the mouth without need of water), can be used for the control of breakthrough and acute pain. The cost of treatment with tramadol results relatively low, also when two daily episodes of breakthrough pain are considered.
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Zaniolo, Orietta. "Forme galeniche e qualità di vita: il caso di tramadolo." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 6, no. 3 (2005): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v6i3.840.
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Tramadol is a weak opioid analgesic used for moderate to severe pain control in acute and chronic diseases. Two new formulations of tramadol are recently admitted for marketing: once-daily (OD) controlled-release and fast-release orodispersible tablets. OD tramadol with its special lipophilic matrix permits to prolong drug effect up to 24 hours with a steady-state bioavailability comparable to that of immediate-release formulations. The efficacy and safety of this formulation of tramadol was evaluated in several trials on patients with moderate to severe chronic pain from osteoarthritis. These studies show similar effect of OD tramadol compared to standard formulation in pain control, quality of sleep, physical and mental functions, dropouts due to insufficient therapeutic effect and adverse events. Specially in the elderly and in chronic pain patients, frequency and complexity of dosing regimen remarkably affects quality of life. Furthermore, several studies show that a high number of daily administrations is one of the main factors that reduce patient compliance. For these reasons, OD tablets of tramadol seem to improve quality of life and acceptability of the therapy. Tramadol orodispersible tablets are useful for acute pain control, in the titration phase and for breakthrough pain control in chronic diseases. The manifacturing process of this formulation allows for rapid disintegration (20-30 seconds), once placed into the mouth, secondary to contact with salivary enzymes. This property facilitates its administration (in every place, without need of water), primarily for people with difficulty in swallowing tablets. Furthermore, respect to drops, it decreases the risk of misdosage. A open, randomized crossover study shows that, even although the galenics of tramadol in orodispersible and conventional fast-release capsules are different, they are bioequivalent and have similar pharmacokinetic parameters.
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Mantovani, Lorenzo G. "Valutazione farmacoeconomica dell’uso di tramadolo vs ketorolac nella gestione del dolore postoperatorio." Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 4, no. 1 (2003): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.7175/fe.v4i1.760.
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This article represents the first evaluation that compares the economic consequences of managing postsurgical pain with tramadol or ketorolac in the Italian setting. The economic evaluation was based on 5 clinical trials that directly compared the efficacy and tolerability of tramadol and ketorolac treatments in different settings and that contained drug consumption data. Since the review of these data confirmed that their efficacy is comparable (tramadol showed a quicker onset of the analgesic action, which was not considered for the purposes of the economic evaluation), it was chosen to conduct a cost minimization analysis. The calculations were made considering two different drug acquisition costs: the hypothetical price for the hospital, computed by discounting 50% off the retail price, and the mean price really paid by hospitals according to the IHS. The analyses showed that, when the discounted price is applied, tramadol induces costs that are similar to those induced by ketorolac in 2/3 of the cases and lower in the remaining 1/3. Considering the mean price paid by hospitals, tramadol results economically more advantageous than ketorolac in all considered settings. In conclusion, ketorolac and tramadol are two effective and tolerable drugs in the management of post-surgical pain, although they differ in the adverse event pattern and in the rapidity of their action. In the Italian setting, tramadol appears to be economically more efficient, due to lesser consumption and lower drug acquisition costs.
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Bodi, S., M. Maglione, and U. Lucangelo. "O.351 Ketorolac vs tramadolo: Analgesia in wisdom tooth surgery, randomized study." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 34 (September 2006): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-5182(06)60376-4.
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Kaye, Alan David. "Tramadol, Pharmacology, Side Effects, and Serotonin Syndrome: A Review." July 2015 18;4, no. 4;18 (2015): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2015/18/395.
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Background: Serotonin syndrome is a mild to potentially life-threatening syndrome associated with excessive serotonergic activity within the central nervous system. Serotonin syndrome is associated with medication use, drug interactions, and overdose. While serotonin syndrome is often associated with the use of selective serotonin inhibitors (SSRI), an increasing number of reports are being presented involving the use of tramadol. Methods: This review article contains an overview of serotonin syndrome while specifically looking at tramadol’s pharmacology and risk factors for serotonin syndrome. With tramadol’s increasing popularity, the goal of this article is to make physicians more alert and aware of this potential side effect associated with tramadol. Conclusions: In conclusion, with the increasing incidence of serotonin syndrome, prescribing physicians should be aware of and educate their patients on the potential side effects of tramadol. It is important that the prescribing physician reviews patient medications for concurrent serotonergic drugs and monitors for potential abuse. Key words: Tramadol, serotonin syndrome, drug interactions, analgesics
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Hefzi, BA, MBA, Nousha, Jeremy Grekin, MS, and Aisha Ahmed, MD. "Mania induced by tramadol-venlafaxine combination." Journal of Opioid Management 15, no. 4 (2019): 342–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jom.2019.0519.
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A 49-year-old male with major depressive disorder well-managed with venlafaxine [serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)] and no history of manic episodes developed his first manic episode following use of tramadol. Tramadol-induced mania has been described with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors but not SNRIs. In addition, mania is not listed as a potential clinical side effect—further illustrating this relative rarity. Due to tramadol’s SNRI activity, there is definitive risk for mood lability in individuals managed with tramadol and other serotonergic medications as seen in this patient. The authors findings suggest the need for greater risk consideration when prescribing tramadol with other related agents such as venlafaxine.
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Borsodi, Marianna, Edina Nagy, and Katalin Darvas. "Diclofenac/orphenadrin as a combined analgetic in post-operative relief of pain." Orvosi Hetilap 149, no. 39 (2008): 1847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2008.28419.
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A szerzők a kombinált, nemszteroid gyulladásgátló diclofenac- és centrális izomrelaxáns orphenadrintartalmú infúzió és a tramadolium chloratum hatásosságát, biztonságosságát és tolerálhatóságát hasonlították össze kis és közepes műtéteket követően, a posztoperatív fájdalomcsillapítás során. A vizsgálat nyílt, csoport- és önkontrollos, prospektív, randomizált, IV. fázisú klinikai vizsgálat volt. A bevont 60 beteg összesen 74 napon át kapott fájdalomcsillapítót. A betegeket három csoportba sorolták: a diclofenac-orphenadrint kapó A ( n = 19), a tramadolt kapó B ( n = 30) és a diclofenac-orphenadrint és tramadolt is kapó C ( n = 11) csoportba. A kapott adatokat statisztikailag elemezték. A fájdalomcsillapítók hatásának megítéléséhez a vizuális analóg skálát (VAS) használták. A VAS-értékek a kezelés hatására mindhárom csoportban mind nyugalomban (–2,5, –3,7, –3,0), mind mozgásban (–3,0, –3,8, –3,4) szignifikánsan ( p < 0,001) csökkentek, tehát mindhárom csoportban hatásos volt a fájdalomcsillapítás. Ezt a keringési paraméterek elemzése is alátámasztotta. A kezelés végén mind a betegek, mind az orvosok szignifikánsan ( p < 0,05, illetve p < 0,01) kedvezőbbnek ítélték a hatásosságot a csak diclofenac-orphenadrin infúziót kapó A csoportban. Az alkalmazott fájdalomcsillapítók mennyiségét elemezve a C csoportban kiegészítésként adott tramadol mennyisége szignifikánsan alacsonyabb volt a csak tramadolt kapó B csoporthoz képest ( B: 87,5 mg, C: 61,5 mg, p < 0,01), azaz a diclofenac-orphenadrin infúzió a tramadol fájdalomcsillapító hatását erősítette. A kezelés elején és végén mért laboratóriumi paraméterek a fiziológiás értékhatárokon belül voltak, mellékhatásként összesen 3 esetben észleltek hányingert, illetve hányást. Mindezek alapján a diclofenac-orphenadrin infúziót a kis és középkategóriájú műtétek utáni fájdalomcsillapításban hatásos, biztonságos, kényelmesen adagolható és jól kombinálható fájdalomcsillapítónak tartják.
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Atiba, Ayman, Alaa Ghazy, Naglaa Gomaa, Tarek Kamal, and Mustafa Shukry. "Evaluation of Analgesic Effect of Caudal Epidural Tramadol, Tramadol-Lidocaine, and Lidocaine in Water Buffalo Calves (Bubalus bubalis)." Veterinary Medicine International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/575101.
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Aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effect of tramadol and a combination of tramadol-lidocaine with that produced by lidocaine administration in the epidural space in buffalo calves. In a prospective randomized crossover study, ten male buffalo calves were used to compare the epidural analgesic effect of tramadol (1 mg/kg) and tramadol-lidocaine combination (0.5 mg/kg and 0.11 mg/kg, resp.) with that produced by 2% lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg). Loss of sensation was examined by pin-prick test. Onset time, duration, and degree of analgesia and ataxia were recorded after each treatment. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), rectal temperature, and haematobiochemical parameters were recorded after all treatments. Time to onset and duration of analgesia, respectively, were as follows: tramadol11±2 min and208±15 min; tramadol-lidocaine6±2 min and168±9 min; lidocaine4±1 min and67±13 min. Onset time and duration were significantly longer with tramadol than the other treatments. Duration was significantly longer with tramadol-lidocaine than lidocaine. Ataxia was mildly observed in tramadol-lidocaine and was moderate in lidocaine. HR, RR, and rectal temperature did not differ significantly from baseline after any treatment. Haematobiochemical parameters returned to basal levels by 24 h after all treatments. This combination might be clinically useful to provide analgesia in buffalo for long-duration surgical procedures.