Journal articles: 'Tramp ants'

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Taheri, Ahmed, James K. Wetterer, and Joaquín Reyes-López. "Tramp ants of Tangier, Morocco." Transactions of the American Entomological Society 143, no. 2 (June 2017): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3157/061.143.0207.

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Heinze, J., S. Cremer, N. Eckl, and A. Schrempf. "Stealthy invaders: the biology of Cardiocondyla tramp ants." Insectes Sociaux 53, no. 1 (February 2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00040-005-0847-4.

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Teixeira, Maxelle M., Afonso Pelli, Vitorino M. dos Santos, and Maria das G. Reis. "Microbiota associated with tramp ants in a Brazilian University Hospital." Neotropical Entomology 38, no. 4 (August 2009): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-566x2009000400017.

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Schuller, Lucia, Glavur R. Matté, and Maria H. Matté. "A new sterile technique effective on capturing tramp ants for microbiological investigations." Neotropical Entomology 38, no. 4 (August 2009): 560–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-566x2009000400023.

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Williams, Jason L., and Andrea Lucky. "Non-native and Invasive Nylanderia Crazy Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of the World: Integrating Genomics to Enhance Taxonomic Preparedness." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 113, no. 4 (March 16, 2020): 318–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saz039.

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Abstract Invasive species have devastating economic and ecological impacts worldwide, but proactive monitoring programs are rare on the global stage. By definition, tramp ants are associated with disturbance and human-mediated dispersal, making them especially concerning invasive threats. A proactive—rather than reactive—approach to monitoring for, preventing, and managing invasive species depends on taxonomic preparedness, which enables rapid and accurate identification. Emerging tools and technologies, including genomic barcoding and interactive online keys, can aid in species delimitation and diagnosis. However, resolving tramp species’ identities remains the fundamental first step in invasive species management because diagnostic tools cannot be developed and disseminated until species names are stable. Diagnosis of morphologically difficult species requires basic knowledge of species boundaries, biogeography, and phylogenetic relationships. This review comprehensively synthesizes information available for 15 known and five potential tramp ant species in Nylanderia (Emery) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): a globally distributed genus of over 130 described species, many of which are only diagnosable by subtle morphological characters. Nylanderia records were drawn from published literature, specimen databases, and museum collections to compile known distributions, biology, natural history, and taxonomy for each species. We review existing resources for visualizing known geographic ranges and high-resolution images of ants globally and encourage the use of these types of tools in support of invasive species diagnosis and distribution tracking. Finally, we discuss how taxonomic and life history information can be used synergistically with genomic and digital technology to develop tools for identification of these, and other emerging invasive insect species.

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Rasheed, Muhammad Tariq, Imran Bodlah, Ammara Gull e Fareen, Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo, Xiaolei Huang, and Shahid Ali Akbar. "A Checklist of Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Pakistan." Sociobiology 66, no. 3 (November 14, 2019): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i3.4330.

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The present paper provides an updated checklist of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Pakistan. These include seven of the 21 known extant subfamilies with 101 valid ant species in 33 genera. Five species are reported for the first time from Pakistan: Cardiocondyla wroughtonii Forel, 1890; Crematogaster biroi Mayr, 1897; Ooceraea biroi (Forel, 1907); Pseudoneoponera rufipes Jerdon, 1851 and Strumigenys godeffroyi Mayr, 1866. Images to scientifically validate new faunal records from Pakistan and facilitate prompt identification are provided. Among the newly recorded species, three species viz., C. wroughtonii; O. biroi and S. godeffroyi are considered as tramp species having the cosmopolitan distribution. Notes about type localities, depositories and distribution in Pakistan are provided to each species record. The list provides a synthesis of the regional taxonomical work carried out until now and will serve as a baseline survey for future studies.

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Dias, R. K. Sriyani, S. Udayakantha, Aijaz Ahmad Wachkoo, and Shahid Ali Akbar. "New records of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Sri Lanka, including four tramp species." Sociobiology 65, no. 3 (October 2, 2018): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v65i3.3180.

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Five ant species are reported for the first time from Sri Lanka: Ooceraea alii (Bharti & Akbar, 2013); O. biroi (Forel, 1907); Prionopelta kraepelini Forel, 1905; Strumigenys emmae (Emery, 1890) and S. membranifera Emery, 1869. Among the newly reported species, four species (O. biroi, S. membranifera, S. emmae and P. kraepelini) are known for their invasive and tramping nature, spreading via human commerce and have attained broad cosmopolitan distribution. Impact of these ants on regional fauna is not known and needs immediate attention. A brief diagnosis, distribution, and illustrations are provided for each species.

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Leong, Chi-Man, Matan Shelomi, Chung-Chi Lin, and Shiuh-Feng Shiao. "Necrophilous Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Diverse Habitats in Taiwan." Sociobiology 66, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i2.3491.

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Ants are a highly diverse group that not only are often strongly associated with certain habitat types, but also can be found on carcasses and, therefore, in crime scenes. In the present study, a survey of the necrophilous ants in Taiwan was conducted and a preliminary species checklist was provided for the first time. The aim of this study was primarily to offer information on Taiwanese ant species of forensic significance. A total of 50 ant species/morphospecies from 26 genera were collected from large scale regions in Taiwan using combination pig liver bait and pitfall traps, bringing the Taiwanese necrophilous ants up to 55 species from 33 genera within the known Taiwanese ant fauna of 288 species from 71 genera. Seventeen species found in this study are tramp or potentially exotic species, which often dominated the baits. Use of pitfall traps increased the diversity of ants collected relative to hand-collecting from the carcass, adding useful data. These necrophilous ants may play important roles in carcass decomposition and can be useful in reconstructing crime scenes, as certain ants are more common in certain habitat types. This checklist and accompanying habitat information of these ants is likely the first such comprehensive data in Taiwan applying ants to the field of forensic entomology.

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Fiedler, Konrad. "The ant associates of Lycaenidae butterfly caterpillars – revisited." Nota Lepidopterologica 44 (September 8, 2021): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.44.68993.

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Based on a global compilation of data on ant associates of 523 Lycaenidae species, a synthesis is attempted as to which ants participate in these interactions. Ants from 63 genera have thus far been observed as visitors of facultative myrmecophiles or as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles among the Lycaenidae. Over 98% of records come from nectarivorous and trophobiotic ants in just three subfamilies, viz. Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Dolichoderinae, with the genera Crematogaster and Camponotus occupying the top ranks. Accumulation analysis suggests that rather few ant genera remain to be added to the list of associates. The representation of ant genera as attendants of lycaenid immatures is related to their global species richness, but with some notable exceptions. Ants that form ecologically dominant, large, long-lived colonies are over-represented as hosts of obligate myrmecophiles. The taxonomic diversity of lycaenid-ant associations is highest in the Oriental and Australian region, and lowest in the Neotropical and Afrotropical region. Among tropical African lycaenids, this is due to two butterfly lineages (genus Lepidochrysops and subfamily Aphnaeinae) that have massively radiated in the Neogene, but mostly maintaining their general affiliations with either Camponotus or Crematogaster ants, respectively. Many tropical and subtropical lycaenids nowadays form associations also with invasive alien tramp ants, giving rise to novel mutualistic interactions.

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Wetterer, James. "First North American Records of the Old-World Tramp Ant Syllophopsis sechellensis(Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Sociobiology 67, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 473. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i3.5014.

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Syllophopsis sechellensis (Emery) (formerly Monomorium sechellense) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is a small, inconspicuous ant species native to the Old-World tropics. Syllophopsis sechellensis is widespread in Asia and Australia, and on islands the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. In the New World, all published records come from West Indian islands. Here, I report the first records of S. sechellensis from North America: from four sites in Miami-Dade and Broward counties, Florida, more than 1500 km from the closest records in the West Indies. The ants of Florida have been well-studied in the past, so S. sechellensis appears to be a recent arrival.

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Heinze, Jürgen, Sabine Frohschammer, and Abel Bernadou. "When invasive ants meet: effects of outbreeding on queen performance in the tramp ant Cardiocondyla itsukii." Insect Science 26, no. 2 (November 8, 2017): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12530.

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WILD, ALEXANDER L. "A catalogue of the ants of Paraguay (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 1622, no. 1 (October 26, 2007): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1622.1.1.

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The ant communities of the Paraná River drainage in South America have spawned several major invasive species and a number of cosmopolitan tramp species, including the fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren and the Argentine ant Linepithema humile (Mayr). Paraguay sits at the center of the Paraná drainage but hosts one of the most poorly-documented ant faunas in the Neotropics, imposing a taxonomic impediment to ant studies in the region. In order to establish a baseline of knowledge about Paraguay’s myrmecofauna, I surveyed nineteen entomological collections and the published literature for records of Paraguayan ants. The resulting catalogue lists 541 ant species, 423 of which could be associated with available names. The Chao-2 estimate of species richness, calculated from the incidence of uniques and doubletons, estimates that the total ant species richness for Paraguay is 698 +/35, suggesting that the catalogue is about 80% complete and more than 100 species remain to be discovered. The Paraguayan ant fauna is characterized by many typical Neotropical elements but shows low endemism, an elevated diversity of attine ants, and only six non-native species. No new taxa are described here, but 40 taxonomic changes are introduced to clean antiquated trinomials from the fauna. The history of Paraguayan myrmecology is discussed, and a reference list is provided for species-level identifications.

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BOLTON, BARRY, and BRIAN L. FISHER. "Taxonomy of Afrotropical and West Palaearctic ants of the ponerine genus Hypoponera Santschi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Zootaxa 2843, no. 1 (April 29, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2843.1.1.

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The taxonomy of the ponerine ants of the genus Hypoponera is revised for the Afrotropical and West Palaearctic regions. A combined key to both faunae is presented, and the West Palaearctic species are also keyed separately. Fifty-six species are recognised in total, of which 51 are Afrotropical endemics and two are restricted to the West Palaearctic; three tramp species occur in both regions. Thirty-four Afrotropical species are described as new while 33 names, including a number of infraspecific taxa and extralimital forms, are relegated to synonymy. Two previously described Afrotropical Hypoponera names are regarded as species inquirendae (lea, petiolata). Two extralimital species are mentioned with respect to the studied fauna: gibbinota, described from a casual introduction in a Palaearctic hothouse, and the Oriental assmuthi, which is provisionally raised to species to dissociate it from the Palaearctic abeillei, to which it was previously linked as an infraspecific taxon.

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BOOHER, DOUGLAS B., MATTHEW PREBUS, and DAVID LUBERTAZZI. "A taxonomic revision of the Strumigenys nitens and simulans groups (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), two Caribbean radiations of leaf litter ants." Zootaxa 4656, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 335–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4656.2.7.

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In this study, we revise two groups of cryptic leaf litter ants, the Strumigenys nitens and Strumigenys simulans species groups. These two groups are restricted to the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas. We redefine the species groups, provide a key for the five species in the S. nitens group, and differentiate the two species in the S. simulans group. Four new species are described: Strumigenys caiman sp. nov., S. economoi sp. nov., S. hubbewatyorum sp. nov., and S. zemi sp. nov. We review and provide a key for the Strumigenys fauna of Hispaniola, which comprises the two endemic species S. economoi and S. zemi, six more broadly distributed Neotropical species, and three pan-tropical “tramp” species.

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T. W. McClelland, Gregory, and Ian L. Jones. "The Effects of Invasive Ants on the Nesting Success of Tristram's Storm-petrel, Oceanodroma tristrami, on Laysan Island, Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge." Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 1 (2008): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080013.

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The possible impact of invasive ants on the avifauna of the Northwest Hawaiian Islands was investigated by studying the breeding success of Tristram's Storm-petrel Oceanodroma tristrami on Laysan Island. The tramp ant Monomorium pharaonis (L.) was found to be abundant in storm-petrel nesting areas on Laysan Island. There were 380 observations made on incubating adults and 798 observations for chicks, for a total of 1178 observations from 116 storm-petrel nest sites. No ant harassment events involving incubating adult storm-petrels were recorded. Thirteen instances of more than 5 ants on Tristram's Storm-petrel chicks were recorded. One harassment event was recorded, involving approximately 200 ants. The chick left the nest site immediately following the event, did not return, and presumably died. The number of nest failures attributed to M. pharaonis was 1% (n = 116). There was a significant relationship between nest type and ant interactions (G = 24.45, p = <0.0001, n =55), with incidents only recorded from birds nesting under vegetation. It was hypothesized that the ant interactions recorded in this study were a result of Tristram's Storm-petrel chicks being in close proximity to M. pharaonis nests rather than direct predation. Thus no evidence was found of a severe impact of invasive ants on the breeding success of storm-petrels at Laysan Island. Despite no direct ant impact particular attention should be given to the interactions between M. pharaonis and bird species reliant on vegetation for nesting cover, and studies therefore should include additional breeding bird species.

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Kamura, CM, MSC Morini, CJ Figueiredo, OC Bueno, and AEC Campos-Farinha. "Ant communities (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in an urban ecosystem near the Atlantic Rainforest." Brazilian Journal of Biology 67, no. 4 (November 2007): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842007000400007.

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The relationships between an urban ecosystem located near the Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil and ant communities were studied with the objective of quantifying the ant richness and abundance in the household environment and its surroundings. Eighty residences were sampled, where 58 species and 28 genera pertaining to 7 sub-families were found to be present. Inside the residences, the species richness was found to be lower (26), although the abundance was greater (10,670), with the wash area and kitchen being the locales that contributed with the greatest number of hits. The opposite was true in the areas outside the residences, where 54 species and 3,747 ants were observed. Inside houses, the species known as Tramp ants were found, in the following order of importance: Solenopsis -saevissima, Tapinoma melanocephalum, Linepithema humile, Paratrechina fulva, Wasmannia -auropunctata, P. -longicornis, Pheidole megacephala, Monomorium pharaonis and M. floricola. Externally, mainly in the yards and gardens, species such as Octostruma rugifera, Heteroponera dolo, Hypoponera sp.1 and sp.6, Gnamptogenys sp. 4, G. striatula, Odontomachus meinerti, Pachycondyla constricta and P. striata were found. In general, a greater number of species and lower abundance of individuals were observed in the neighborhoods nearer the mountains than in those closer to the urban center.

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Putri, Diyona, Masanori Yokozawa, Toshiro Yamanaka, and Adam L. Cronin. "Trait Plasticity among Invasive Populations of the Ant Technomyrmex brunneus in Japan." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092702.

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Characters in invasive populations often differ from those in the native range, and the ability to express different characters may enhance invasive potential. Ants are among the most pervasive and damaging invasive species, by virtue of their transportability and broad-ranging ecological interactions. Their success is often attributed to the ability to exhibit different characteristics in invasive populations, including the formation of large, unicolonial associations (‘supercolonies’). It remains unclear, however, if such characteristics are a product or cause of the ecological dominance of invasive ants, and the advancement of our understanding has likely been restrained by the fact that studies to date have focused on a few globally important species with well-established invasions. In this study, we take advantage of an ongoing invasion of the tramp ant Technomyrmex brunneus in Japan to assess trait plasticity in the invasive range of this species. We find evidence for plasticity in social structure among island populations, with a supercolony evident on one of the three islands studied. Interestingly, we found no evidence of lower genetic diversity in this population, though natural isotope data indicate it was operating at a lower trophic level than other populations. These findings add weight to arguments that invasive species may benefit from the capacity to adaptively mould themselves to new ecological contexts.

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Sharaf, Mostafa R., Hathal M. Al Dhafer, and Abdulrahman S. Aldawood. "Review of the ant genus Technomyrmex Mayr, 1872 in the Arabian Peninsula (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." ZooKeys 780 (August 8, 2018): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.780.26272.

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The taxonomy of the dolichoderine ants of the genusTechnomyrmexMayr, 1872 is revised for the Arabian Peninsula. Six species are treated,T.albipes(F. Smith, 1861),T.difficilisForel, 1892,T.brianiSharaf, 2009,T.vexatus(Santschi, 1919),T.montaseriSharaf, Collingwood & Aldawood, 2011, andT.setosusCollingwood, 1985. The successful tramp speciesT.difficilisForel, 1892 is recorded for the first time from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and Yemen, representing new records for the Palearctic Region.Technomyrmexvexatus(Santschi, 1919) is a new species record for Yemen. The queen caste of the rare endemic species,T.brianiSharaf, 2009 is described for the first time. A neotype for KSA endemicT.setosusCollingwood 1985 is designated based on a specimen collected from the type locality, the Asir Mountains, KSA, including new information on habitats and distribution. A male cast ofTechnomyrmex, possibly ofT.setosus, is also described. An illustrated key based on the worker caste of the Arabian species ofTechnomyrmexis given. New geographical records and a distribution map for the treated species are presented.

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Lessard, Jean-Philippe, and Christopher M. Buddle. "The effects of urbanization on ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with the Molson Nature Reserve, Quebec." Canadian Entomologist 137, no. 2 (April 2005): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n04-055.

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AbstractUrbanization causes the fragmentation of natural habitats into isolated patches surrounded by anthropogenic habitats. Fragment size and the intensity of human disturbance have been shown to affect both composition and diversity of arthropod communities, but most groups have been understudied. We investigated effects of urbanization on ant assemblages (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in and around the Molson Reserve, a preserved maple-beech forest surrounded by residential properties near Montréal, Quebec. We studied how local ant assemblages differed in terms of composition, abundance, and species richness, depending on whether they were situated in the interior forest, in adjacent residential backyards, or at the edge between these two habitats. We also compared an intact forest interior with a younger and moderately disturbed forest (“buffer zone”) between the urban matrix and the interior forest. Few differences were detected between the buffer zone and the intact forest interior. Extrapolated estimates of species richness suggest that it is lowest in the forest interior and highest in urban zones. Community composition, as investigated with ordination analysis, revealed a clear difference between the fauna of urban sites and the fauna of edges and forest interiors, and analyzing the relative abundance of ants showed residential backyards to contain the most ants. Urban assemblages were characterized by several competitively dominant species, including one introduced or “tramp” species. The occurrence of aggressive and dominant species in urban sites and at the edges of the Molson Reserve could potentially interfere with the dispersal and immigration of ground-dwelling arthropods and negatively affect local diversity or community composition in isolated forest reserves in urban centres.

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WAŻNY, Mariusz, Krzysztof FALKOWSKI, Mirosław WRÓBLEWSKI, Konrad WOJTOWICZ, and Adam MARUT. "Conceptual Design of an Anti-collision System for Light Rail Vehicles." Problems of Mechatronics Armament Aviation Safety Engineering 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.7848.

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This paper presents the concepts for an anti-collision system intended for trams. The purpose of the anti-collision system is to develop and provide information to support the driver’s decision to initiate the braking of a tram. The anti-collision system is based on the processing of data from multiple sources (obstacle detection, image processing, and visual light communication system) and an expert system. The information about the road situation is visually presented on HUD (Head-up Display) of the driver.

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Silverman, Jules, Clyde E. Sorenson, and Michael G. Waldvogel. "Trap-Mulching Argentine Ants." Journal of Economic Entomology 99, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 1757–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/99.5.1757.

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Schmitz, Wolfgang. "Kein Anti-Trump." VDI nachrichten 75, no. 04 (2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0042-1758-2021-04-28-1.

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Philippou, Yiannis, Hanna T. Sjoberg, Emma Murphy, Said Alyacoubi, Keaton I. Jones, Alex N. Gordon-Weeks, Su Phyu, et al. "Impacts of combining anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy and radiotherapy on the tumour immune microenvironment in a murine prostate cancer model." British Journal of Cancer 123, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 1089–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41416-020-0956-x.

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Abstract Background Radiotherapy enhances innate and adaptive anti-tumour immunity. It is unclear whether this effect may be harnessed by combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy fractions used to treat prostate cancer. We investigated tumour immune microenvironment responses of pre-clinical prostate cancer models to radiotherapy. Having defined this landscape, we tested whether radiotherapy-induced tumour growth delay could be enhanced with anti-PD-L1. Methods Hypofractionated radiotherapy was delivered to TRAMP-C1 and MyC-CaP flank allografts. Tumour growth delay, tumour immune microenvironment flow-cytometry, and immune gene expression were analysed. TRAMP-C1 allografts were then treated with 3 × 5 Gy ± anti-PD-L1. Results 3 × 5 Gy caused tumour growth delay in TRAMP-C1 and MyC-CaP. Tumour immune microenvironment changes in TRAMP-C1 at 7 days post-radiotherapy included increased tumour-associated macrophages and dendritic cells and upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1, CD8+ T-cell, dendritic cell, and regulatory T-cell genes. At tumour regrowth post-3 × 5 Gy the tumour immune microenvironment flow-cytometry was similar to control tumours, however CD8+, natural killer and dendritic cell gene transcripts were reduced. PD-L1 inhibition plus 3 × 5 Gy in TRAMP-C1 did not enhance tumour growth delay versus monotherapy. Conclusion 3 × 5 Gy hypofractionated radiotherapy can result in tumour growth delay and immune cell changes in allograft prostate cancer models. Adjuncts beyond immunomodulation may be necessary to improve the radiotherapy-induced anti-tumour response.

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Watanabe, M., J. G. Heddle, K. Kikuchi, S. Unzai, S. Akashi, S. Y. Park, and J. R. H. Tame. "The nature of the TRAP-Anti-TRAP complex." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 7 (January 22, 2009): 2176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801032106.

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Buehler, Jake. "Ants set up ‘torture’ trap for grasshoppers." New Scientist 238, no. 3175 (April 2018): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(18)30729-2.

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Chen, Gao, and Guillaume Chomicki. "Highwayman fly hijacks fierce trap‐jaw ants." Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 17, no. 5 (June 2019): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fee.2054.

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Maxwell, Angie. "Why Trump Became a ‘Confederate’ President." Forum 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 493–529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2020-2107.

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Abstract This article explores the causes for and the contemporary ramifications of the realignment of the American South with the Republican Party. Using the American National Election Surveys (ANES) Time Series Cumulative Data File (1948–2016), the 2016 and 2020 Blair Center Polls, and the election tracking data compiled by Richard Berg-Andersson and Tony Roza at www.thegreenpapers.com, the author first explores the role that racial animus, anti-feminism, and religious fundamentalism played in white southern voters’ emergence as the Republican Party base. Second, the author considers the structural advantages that this prominence in the GOP gives southern whites in the primary nomination process and to what degree these advantages benefitted Donald Trump in 2016. Finally, the author explores the influence of Racial Resentment, Modern Sexism, and Christian Fundamentalism on the 2016 Republican primary elections and the 2016 and 2020 General Elections.

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Zirek, Abdulkadir, and Altan Onat. "A novel anti-slip control approach for railway vehicles with traction based on adhesion estimation with swarm intelligence." Railway Engineering Science 28, no. 4 (November 24, 2020): 346–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40534-020-00223-w.

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AbstractAnti-slip control systems are essential for railway vehicle systems with traction. In order to propose an effective anti-slip control system, adhesion information between wheel and rail can be useful. However, direct measurement or observation of adhesion condition for a railway vehicle in operation is quite demanding. Therefore, a proportional–integral controller, which operates simultaneously with a recently proposed swarm intelligence-based adhesion estimation algorithm, is proposed in this study. This approach provides determination of the adhesion optimum on the adhesion-slip curve so that a reference slip value for the controller can be determined according to the adhesion conditions between wheel and rail. To validate the methodology, a tram wheel test stand with an independently rotating wheel, which is a model of some low floor trams produced in Czechia, is considered. Results reveal that this new approach is more effective than a conventional controller without adhesion condition estimation.

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Turner, Kyle M., and Megan E. Frederickson. "Signals Can Trump Rewards in Attracting Seed-Dispersing Ants." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (August 13, 2013): e71871. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071871.

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Hasibuan, Rosma. "HUBUNGAN KUTU DOMPOLAN DYSMICOCCUS BREVIPES (CKLL.) (HOMOPTERA : PSEUDOCOCCIDAE) DAN SEMUT API SOLENOPSIS SP. (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) PADA DUA CARA BERTANAM NENAS." Jurnal Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika 5, no. 1 (March 12, 2005): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/j.hptt.1517-23.

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Association of mealybug, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Ckll.) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) and fire ant, Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on two pineapple–planting patterns. A pineapple mealybug, Dysmicoccus brevipes (Ckll.) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) is an important insect pest in major pineapple growing areas. Its feeding activity causes damage on the pineapple plants and it can also transmit pineapple wilt virus. The mealybugs are often found in association with fire ants, Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) that provide protection in exchange for the sweet honeydew liquid. The field study was conducted to determine the close association between mealybugs and fire ants on two plant row spacing (single and double row spacing) four different plant stages (3, 7, 11, and 17 months after planting). The results indicated that there was a significant correlation between the mealybugs and the fire ant on two pineapple-planting patterns, particularly on late growth periods (11, and 17 months after planting). In this field study, population of mealybugs on double row spacing were more abundant (ranging from 0 to 25.67 bugs/plant) compared with that on single row spacing which ranged 0 to 3.67 bugs/plant. Moreover, general mean of population density of mealybugs (14.53 bugs/plant) on double row was significantly higher than that on single row spacing (1.83 bugs/plant). In line with this mealybug-population development, mean numbers of fire ants caught on baited-sticky traps were ranged from 0 to 8.53 ants/trap on single row versus 0 to 23.57 ants/trap on double row spacing pattern. The general mean number of captured ants (12.73 ants/trap) on double row was significantly higher compared with that on single row spacing (5.55 ants/trap). It appears that the patterns of population densities of mealybugs are closely related to that of fire ants that act as attendant species on two pineapple row spacing.

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Russell, Bertie. "Beyond the Local Trap: New Municipalism and the Rise of the Fearless Cities." Antipode 51, no. 3 (February 25, 2019): 989–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anti.12520.

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Kido, Larissa Akemi, Fabio Montico, Rafael Sauce, Aline Barbosa Macedo, Elaine Minatel, Débora Barbosa Vendramini Costa, João Ernesto de Carvalho, Ronaldo Aloise Pilli, and Valeria Helena Alves Cagnon. "Anti-inflammatory therapies in TRAMP mice: delay in PCa progression." Endocrine-Related Cancer 23, no. 4 (April 2016): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/erc-15-0540.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the structural and molecular biology as well as evaluate the immediate and late responses of prostatic cancer in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model after treatment with goniothalamin (GTN) and celecoxib. The treated mice received GTN (150 mg/kg, gavage) or celecoxib (10 mg/kg, gavage) from 8 to 12 weeks of age. They were killed at different ages: the immediate-response groups at 12 weeks and the late-response groups at 22 weeks. The ventral prostate was collected for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, TUNEL, and ELISA. Morphological analyses indicated that GTN treatment delayed the progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma, leading to a significant decrease of prostatic lesion frequency in both experimental period responses to this treatment, mainly high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Also, the celecoxib treatment showed a particular decrease in the proliferative processes (PCNA) in both the experimental periods. Despite celecoxib diminishing the COX2 and IGFR1 levels, GTN presented higher action spectrum considering the decrease of a greater molecular number involved in the proliferative and inflammatory processes in prostatic cancer. Goniothalamin attenuated the pro-inflammatory response in TRAMP prostatic microenvironment, delaying prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Celecoxib treatment was efficient in the regulation of COX2 in the TRAMP mice, mainly in the advanced disease grade. Finally, we concluded that inflammatory process control in early grades of PCa was crucial for the downregulation of the signaling pathways involved in the proliferative processes in advanced cancer grades.

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Yode, Christine-Vincent Dakele, Kanvaly Dosso, Lombart M. Maurice Kouakou, Yeo Kolo, Wouter Dekoninck, Souleymane Konate, and Kouassi Philippe Kouassi. "Evaluating Efficiency of Different Sampling Methods for Arboreal Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in A West African Forest-Savanna Mosaic." Sociobiology 67, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v67i4.5558.

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Ants constitute an important part of arboreal arthropod biomass in rainforests. Nevertheless, there are only a few methods which permit a rapid assessment of these insects in the canopy layer. This study aims at evaluating the efficiency of a new variant type of pitfall trap i.e. “the funnel trap”, to sample arboreal ants in a secondary and gallery forest in Lamto reserve (Côte d’Ivoire). This method was compared to standard arboreal pitfall trap and beating. In total, the 3 methods yielded 7072 ant workers belonging to 43 species, 14 genera and 5 subfamilies. Tree beating recorded the highest ant’s numerical abundance (3670 workers), with 27 species, 12 genera and 3 subfamilies followed by the “funnel trap” that yielded 2800 ant workers, with 23 species belonging to 12 genera and 5 subfamilies. Finally, arboreal pitfall traps caught the lowest individual with 602 ant workers from 20 species belonging to 9 genera and 3 subfamilies. The composition of species which are caught by arboreal pitfall trap and “funnel trap” was similar at 53 percent. Tree beating showed a distinct species composition compared to arboreal pitfall trap and “funnel trap”. The “funnel trap” could be a fast and efficient way to quickly assess ant-biodiversity in forest canopies and agroecosystems as it looks like a non-destructive sampling method.

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Stringer, L. D., D. M. Suckling, L. T. W. Mattson, and L. R. Peacock. "Improving antsurveillance trap design to reduce competitive exclusion." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6563.

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The National Invasive Ant Surveillance is conducted annually around ports and other highrisk areas to detect new ant incursions into New Zealand Currently nonsticky foodbaited vials are used to trap ants The ability of a sticky bait trap to trap multiple ant species at baits was tested under the hypothesis that a sticky trap would reduce the role of competitive exclusion at food sources a drawback of food baiting Furthermore the role of food type sugar protein and a combination of both foods on ant catch was examined Although only 4 of traps caught multiple species this incidence was five times greater in the stickybait than foodonly vials The combined food source traps caught ants more often than the single food source traps The refinement of ant monitoring traps will aid surveillance managers in the future

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35

Rocco, Philip. "The Anti-Analytic Presidency Revisited." Forum 15, no. 2 (July 26, 2017): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2017-0022.

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Abstract In his first months as president, Donald Trump has demonstrated an unprecedented aversion to expert-oriented decision making. This essay examines how Trump’s presidency exposes tensions in what Skowronek and Orren (2016) refer to as the “policy state”, especially within institutions that produce expert analyses of presidential action. While an absence of policy expertise has hampered Trump’s agenda, his administration has also taken steps to discredit unfavorable analyses, subvert rules requiring the use of objective analysis, and construct new institutions to promote ‘alternative facts’. By deepening public division and distrust, such activities may restructure the political environment in which the Trump presidency itself is judged.

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Linares Rodríguez, Virginia, and Paloma Abejón Mendoza. "From the Obama Brand to digital antagonism of Donald Trump." Investigación & Desarrollo 29, no. 1 (July 13, 2021): 99–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/indes.29.1.658.8.

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El 45º presidente de Estados Unidos, Donald J. Trump, irrumpió en la sociedad americana con un discurso irreverente y haciendo un uso antagónico en las redes sociales que le sitúa como el anti-paradigma de la marca Obama. Para demostrarlo, hemos realizado una comparación de la primera campaña (2016) y la precampaña a la reelección (2020) presidencial de Trump, tanto en Twitter como en Instagram, a través de un análisis de contenido (recogida de datos, análisis y valoración de los resultados) basado en tres categorías de análisis relevantes: retórica, comunicación política y nuevas tecnologías. De este análisis incluimos el uso asimétrico que hace de las redes sociales con un discurso políticamente incorrecto y con un apoyo bastante pobre de recursos extralingüísticos, pero que, sin embargo, le generan un liderazgo político muy notable.

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Fine, Julia C. "#MagicResistance: Anti‐Trump Witchcraft as Register Circulation." Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 30, no. 1 (September 26, 2019): 68–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jola.12249.

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Stănese, Radu. "“Aspects of an anti-Trump guerrilla campaign”." Sæculum 49, no. 1 (July 1, 2020): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/saec-2020-0010.

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AbstractDuring the 2016 presidential election debates, Donald Trump became the subject of a guerrilla campaign initiated by the anarchist group Indicline, through which five grotesque nude statues of the Republican candidate were installed in various cities in the United States. The message was not accidental considering that nude photos of Melania Trump from the beginning of her modelling career were re-published simultaneously. Through aesthetic antithesis, the image of the naked body was supposed to stigmatize the couple in public perception, starting from an artificial reality created in the everyday landscape, but which had to become viral in the online environment.

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Arifin, Irfanul. "Keanekaragaman Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) pada Berbagai Subzona Hutan Pegunungan di Sepanjang Jalur Pendakian Cibodas, Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango (TNGGP)." BIOMA 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/bioma10(2).1.

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Abstract The existence of ants in the nature are influenced by biotic and abiotic components. Different of conditions in a habitat determine biodiversity inside, belonging to ants diversity. This research was aim to know diversity, richness, and distribution of ants in various Mountain Forest Subzone in along Cibodas Climbing Track, TNGGP. It was first study about ants of TNGGP because no previous research was held so that can becomed reference for next research and conservation step. The used method was descriptive with survey technique of pit fall trap by alcohol located in 3 mountain forest subzones for 6 position that were Telaga Biru, Cibeureum waterfall, Air Panas, Kandang Badak, Mount Gede Summit, and Alun-Alun Suryakencana. This research has identified 4 subfamilies and 12 species. Diversity index of submontane, montane, and subalpine forest severally was about 1.568, 1.347, and 0.676. Key words: ants diversity, Cibodas climbing track, montane, pit fall trap, subalpine, submontane

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Reyes, Antonio. "I, Trump." Journal of Language and Politics 19, no. 6 (May 4, 2020): 869–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.20002.rey.

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Abstract This paper contextualizes Donald Trump’s political “Message” (Lempert and Silverstein 2012) within the current anti-intellectualism phenomenon in the Post-Truth era. Trump’s Presidential Announcement Speech marks the beginning of the Trump era, as it introduces critical traits of his persona, message and political agenda to the general audience. From a Discourse Analysis approach, this paper considers Aristotelian modes of persuasion and the multimodal concept of “Message” (ibid.), to contribute to the literature on Trump’s political communication by focusing on the cult of personality and self-representation (i.e. non-politician, overachieving businessman, great leader). Trump built his candidacy and presidency around his persona, distancing himself from the Republican Party and traditional politicians. These strategies allowed Trump to evoke an Ethos capable of saving America. His personal fight against every enemy and threat encapsulates a simple and ingenuous dichotomy “I vs. them” with the populist intention of completing a hyperbolic task: Make America great again.

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Mejía-Valenzuela, Edison Gabriel, and David Alejandro Auz-Cerón. "DEATH OF A TAPIR ( Tapirus terrestris ) AND ITS CONSUMPTION BY SCAVENGERS IN YASUNÍ NATIONAL PARK, ECUADOR." Revista Mexicana de Mastozoología (Nueva Epoca) 10, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ie.20074484e.2020.10.1.298.

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AbstractWe describe the death of a tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in a mineral lick, captured by a camera trap. We narrate the ante mortem event and the scavengers associated with the post mortem event. Six mammal species (Mazama zamora, Pecari tajacu, Dasyprocta fuliginosa, Cuniculus paca, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris and Dasypus novemcinctus) and two species of birds (Ortalis guttata and Pipile cumanensis) were registered in the ante mortem event. Three species of scavenging birds (Coragyps atratus, Cathartes melambrotus and Sarcoramphus papa) and one species of reptile (Chelonoidis denticulatus) were registered in the post mortem event. The decomposition process of T. terrestris took 13 days from its death until the body completely disappeared.Key words: Descomposition, interactions, necrophages, neotropical mammals, photo-trapping.ResumenEn esta nota se describe la muerte de un tapir (Tapirus terrestris) captada por una cámara trampa en un saladero. En ella narramos el momento ante mortem y a los carroñeros asociados con el suceso post mortem. En el acontecimiento ante mortem se registraron seis especies de mamíferos (Mazama zamora, Pecari tajacu, Dasyprocta fuliginosa, Cuniculus paca, Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris and Dasypus novemcinctus) y dos especies de aves (Ortalis guttata, Pipile cumanensis). En el hecho post mortem se registraron tres especies de aves carroñeras (Coragyps atratus, Cathartes melambrotus and Sarcoramphus papa) y una especie de reptil (Chelonoidis denticulatus). El proceso de descomposición de T. terrestris tomó 13 días desde su muerte hasta que el cuerpo quedó totalmente desecho.Palabras clave: Descomposición, foto trampeo, interacciones, mamíferos neotropicales, necrófagos.

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Gawade, Akshay, and Amol P. Patwardhan. "Diversity of ants in Aarey Milk Colony, Mumbai, India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 19108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6375.13.8.19108-19117.

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Aarey Milk Colony (AMC) is 16km2 of forested area, acts as a buffer to the Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Mumbai. It has gardens, lakes, recreation spots, and a nursery. It also harbors 32 cattle farms, animal husbandry centers. Apart from urbanization and forest degradation, this forest harbors great biodiversity which includes the leopard as a top predator and also lesser-known species of amphibians, reptiles, and arthropods. Considering ants as important bio indicators and the vulnerability of AMC to development plans, a study on the diversity of ants was conducted from January 2016 to May 2016. Four methods were used for data collection of ants—pitfall trap, line-transect, quadrate, and all-out search. A total of 35 species under 24 genera under six subfamilies– Myrmicinae, Formicinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae, Pseudomyrmecinae, and Cerapachyinae were recorded during this study. The Simpson’s diversity index (0.88) for the pit fall trap indicates that the diversity of ants in the AMC is fairly high. This increases the importance of this forest land which is presently facing a mass destruction of trees.

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Snyder, Doug, Jeffrey Lary, Yanling Chen, Paul Gollnick, and James L. Cole. "Interaction of the trp RNA-binding Attenuation Protein (TRAP) with Anti-TRAP." Journal of Molecular Biology 338, no. 4 (May 2004): 669–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2004.03.030.

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Anand, Aaryan, Devesh Nebhani, Sanjay K. Yadav, and Ashutosh Silodia. "Right‐sided non‐recurrent laryngeal nerve without any vascular anomaly: an anatomical trap." ANZ Journal of Surgery 91, no. 7-8 (July 2021): 1635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ans.16891.

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Enders, Adam M., and Joseph E. Uscinski. "The Role of Anti-Establishment Orientations During the Trump Presidency." Forum 19, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 47–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/for-2021-0003.

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Abstract Growing levels of polarization and out-group hostility have become fashionable explanations for the caustic politics of the Trump presidency. However, partisan and ideological identities cannot explain popular attraction to Trump’s anti-elite and populist rhetoric, nor can polarization and sorting account for rising levels of mass identification as political independents. In light of these discrepancies, we offer an explanation for the Trump era unrelated to traditional left-right identities and ideologies: anti-establishment orientations. We argue that much of what is interpreted as an expression of partisan and ideological extremism or polarization is actually the product of a deep-seated antagonism toward the broader political establishment. We first exhibit the individual-level correlates of anti-establishment orientations, finding that people holding strong anti-establishment views exhibit relatively high levels of anti-social personality traits and distrust of others. We then show that anti-establishment orientations are more predictive than left-right orientations of beliefs in conspiracy theories regarding COVID-19, QAnon, and voter fraud. Most importantly, we demonstrate that, while anti-establishment orientations are positively related to support for Donald Trump, they are negatively related to support for Joe Biden and both major parties. In short, the toxicity emblematic of the Trump era—support for outsider candidates, belief in conspiracy theories, corrosive rhetoric, and violence—are derivative of antipathy towards the established political order, rather than a strict adherence to partisan and ideological dogma. We conclude that Trump’s most powerful and unique impact on American electoral politics is his activation, inflammation, and manipulation of preexisting anti-establishment orientations for partisan ends.

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Hinojosa Ojeda, Raul, and Edward Telles. "Trump Paradox: How Immigration and Trade Affected White Voting and Attitudes." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 7 (January 2021): 237802312110019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231211001970.

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Donald Trump presented immigration and trade as the cause of the diminished prospects of white working-class voters, the core of his political base. The authors’ research—the first that examines actual immigration and trade exposure with attitudes and Trump voting—demonstrates that white voting for Trump was unrelated to immigration levels and, paradoxically, strongest in counties with low levels of trade. Anti-immigrant and antitrade attitudes more consistently and strongly explain voting for Trump and Republicans in 2016 and 2018 than actual immigration and trade. The authors also find descriptive support that over four years, Trump’s false narrative unraveled as his support declined in those counties most exposed to immigration and trade. Although Trump elaborated a white nationalist narrative on the basis of anti-immigrant and antitrade politics that was widely accepted as truth, the authors show that virtually no aspects of Trump’s simple narrative have any factual basis in actual reality.

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Jewett Smith, Reid. "Teaching Trump: A frame analysis of educators’ responses to ‘the Trump effect’ in American schools." education policy analysis archives 28 (October 5, 2020): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.5331.

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This paper offers a frame analysis of educators’ responses to the anti-democratic statements and actions of candidate-turned-president Donald J. Trump. It asks how educators responded to Trump, then answers by identifying three types of frames (motivational, diagnostic, and prognostic) that educators employed to make sense of the Trump phenomenon. Using democratic education theory and frame analysis, this paper finds that educators were motivated by legality, complicity, and morality to address Trump’s anti-democratic statements with students. Educators framed the Trump problem in terms of historical precedent, present danger to democracy, and concern for the future. They framed the solution with new curricula, fact checking, and critical media literacy. This paper argues that educators assert collective democratic agency to uphold democratic norms in uncertain political times.

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Liang, Peihe, Jia Guo, Shadan Li, Qiunong Guan, Terry Vanderheyden, Alan So, Yuzhuo Wang, Tao Chen, and Caigan Du. "Prevention of Prostate Tumor Development by Stimulation of Antitumor Immunity Using a Standardized Herbal Extract (Deep Immune®) in TRAMP Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9707543.

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Low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) does not require immediate treatment, but PCa progression after years of active surveillance will need the treatment. This study was to test the efficacy of immunostimulant Deep Immune (DI) in controlling PCa progression. DI is an extract of eight different medicinal herbs. In vitro activity of DI was determined by phagocytosis activation using flow cytometric analysis of fluorescence-labeled latex bead uptake, expression of immune-modulating 84 genes using PCRarray, and tumor killing using coculturing with immune cells. Anti-PCa activity of DI in vivo was examined in male TRAMP mice. In vitro DI stimulated phagocytosis and expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators (C4b, CXCL3, lymphotoxin, NOS2, TLR1, TNF, and TNFSF14) in cultured macrophages and increased tumor killing of both macrophages and TRAMP mouse splenocytes. Daily intake of this herbal product significantly suppressed the tumor size (P=0.0368) with lower histopathologic scores (P=0.0364) in TRAMP mice, which were associated with an increase in both splenocyte cytotoxicity against tumor cells and numbers of CD8 T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the spleens in vivo. In conclusion, daily intake of DI prevents PCa progression in TRAMP mice, suggesting the possible effectiveness of the immunostimulant herbal products on prevention of PCa progression after diagnosis of low-risk PCa.

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Janckila, Anthony J., and Lung T. Yam. "Anti-TRAP 14G6 is Effective for Immunochemistry." Hybridoma 17, no. 5 (October 1998): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hyb.1998.17.487.

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Takahashi, S., L. Esserman, and R. Levy. "An epitope on the transferrin receptor preferentially exposed during tumor progression in human lymphoma is close to the ligand binding site." Blood 77, no. 4 (February 15, 1991): 826–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v77.4.826.826.

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Abstract We have previously reported an anti-transferrin receptor antibody, Trump, which was originally selected for its ability to discriminate low- and high-grade lymphomas. This feature was distinct from the other anti-transferrin receptor antibodies such as OKT9. In the present study, further immunochemical analysis was performed to define the nature of the antigenic site recognized by the Trump antibody. Trump was found to block the binding of transferrin both to solubilized and to surface transferrin receptors; conversely, transferrin could block the binding of Trump only to surface transferrin receptors. Therefore, the epitope recognized by Trump is near but not identical to the transferrin binding site. Stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin induced both the OKT9 epitope and the Trump epitope, but 12-phorbol 13 myristate acetate induced only the OKT9 epitope. Growth of some cell lines was inhibited by Trump but not by OKT9. No structural difference was found between transferrin receptor molecules reactive with Trump and those reactive with OKT9. In support of these results, Trump was able to immunoprecipitate transferrin receptor molecules solubilized from low-grade follicular lymphoma cells even though it did not bind to the receptors exposed on the surface of these cells. These findings imply that low-grade lymphoma cells differ from high-grade lymphoma cells not in the structures of their transferrin receptors but in their exposure of the molecule on the cell surface.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Tramp ants'

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