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1
Quesenbery, Whitney. Global UX: Design and research in a connected world. Waltham, MA: Morgan Kaufmann, 2012.
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2
Fersh, Seymour. Integrating the trans-national/cultural dimension. Bloomington, Ind: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation, 1993.
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3
Florin, Bo, Patrick Vonderau, and Yvonne Zimmermann. Advertising and the Transformation of Screen Cultures. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989153.
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Advertising has played a central role in shaping the history of modern media. While often identified with American consumerism and the rise of the 'Information Society', motion picture advertising has been part of European visual culture since the late nineteenth century. With the global spread of ad agencies, moving image advertisements became a privileged cultural form to make people experience the qualities and uses of branded commodities, to articulate visions of a 'good life', and to incite social relationships. Abandoning a conventional delineation of fields by medium, country, or period, this book suggests a lateral view. It charts the audiovisual history of advertising by focussing on objects (products and services), screens (exhibition, programming, physical media), practices (production, marketing), and intermediaries (ad agencies). In this way, the book develops new historical, methodological, and theoretical perspectives.
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Gomes, Catherine, Lily Kong, and Orlando Woods, eds. Religion, Hypermobility and Digital Media in Global Asia. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463728935.
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Digital media is changing the ways in which religion is practiced, understood, proselytised and countered. Religious institutions and leaders use digital media to engage with their congregations who now are not confined to single locations and physical structures. The faithful are part of online communities which allow them a space to worship and to find fellowship. Migrant and mobile subjects thus are able to be connected to their faith -- whether home grown or emerging -- wherever they may be, providing them with an anchor in unfamiliar physical and cultural surroundings. As Asia rises, mobilities associated with Asian populations have escalated. The notion of ‘Global Asia’ is a reflection of this increased mobility, where Asia includes not only Asian countries as sites of political independence, but also the transnational networks of Asian trans/migrants, and the diasporic settlements of Asian peoples all over the world. This collection features cutting edge research by scholars across disciplines seeking to understand the role and significance of religion among transnational mobile subjects in this age of digital media, and in particular, as experienced in Global Asia.
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Guynes, Sean, and Dan Hassler-Forest, eds. Star Wars and the History of Transmedia Storytelling. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986213.
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Star Wars has reached more than three generations of casual and hardcore fans alike, and as a result many of the producers of franchised Star Wars texts (films, television, comics, novels, games, and more) over the past four decades have been fans-turned-creators. Yet despite its dominant cultural and industrial positions, Star Wars has rarely been the topic of sustained critical work. Star Wars and the History of Transmedia Storytelling offers a corrective to this oversight by curating essays from a wide range of interdisciplinary scholars in order to bring Star Wars and its transmedia narratives more fully into the fold of media and cultural studies. The collection places Star Wars at the center of those studies’ projects by examining video games, novels and novelizations, comics, advertising practices, television shows, franchising models, aesthetic and economic decisions, fandom and cultural responses, and other aspects of Star Wars and its world-building in their multiple contexts of production, distribution, and reception. In emphasizing that Star Wars is both a media franchise and a transmedia storyworld, Star Wars and the History of Transmedia Storytelling demonstrates the ways in which transmedia storytelling and the industrial logic of media franchising have developed in concert over the past four decades, as multinational corporations have become the central means for subsidizing, profiting from, and selling modes of immersive storyworlds to global audiences. By taking this dual approach, the book focuses on the interconnected nature of corporate production, fan consumption, and transmedia world-building. As such, this collection grapples with the historical, cultural, aesthetic, and political-economic implications of the relationship between media franchising and transmedia storytelling as they are seen at work in the world’s most profitable transmedia franchise.
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Social Responsibility in the Global Market: Fair Trade of Cultural Products. Sage Publications, Inc, 1999.
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Social Responsibility in the Global Market: Fair Trade of Cultural Products. Sage Publications, Inc, 1999.
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8
Lee, Sangjoon. Cinema and the Cultural Cold War. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501752315.001.0001.
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This book explores the ways in which postwar Asian cinema was shaped by transnational collaborations and competitions between newly independent and colonial states at the height of Cold War politics. The book adopts a simultaneously global and regional approach when analyzing the region's film cultures and industries. New economic conditions in the Asian region and shared postwar experiences among the early cinema entrepreneurs were influenced by Cold War politics, US cultural diplomacy, and intensified cultural flows during the 1950s and 1960s. The book reconstructs Asian film history in light of the international relationships forged, broken, and re-established as the influence of the non-aligned movement grew across the Cold War. The book elucidates how motion picture executives, creative personnel, policy makers, and intellectuals in East and Southeast Asia aspired to industrialize their Hollywood-inspired system in order to expand the market and raise the competitiveness of their cultural products. They did this by forming the Federation of Motion Picture Producers in Asia, co-hosting the Asian Film Festival, and co-producing films. The book demonstrates that the emergence of the first intensive postwar film producers' network in Asia was, in large part, the offspring of Cold War cultural politics and the product of American hegemony. Film festivals that took place in cities as diverse as Tokyo, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Kuala Lumpur were annual showcases of cinematic talent as well as opportunities for the Central Intelligence Agency to establish and maintain cultural, political, and institutional linkages between the United States and Asia during the Cold War. This book reanimates this almost-forgotten history of cinema and the film industry in Asia.
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Biebuyck, William, and Judith Meltzer. Cultural Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.140.
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Cultural political economy (CPE) is an approach to political economy that focuses on how economic systems, and their component parts, are products of specific human, technical, and natural relations. Notwithstanding longer historical roots, CPE emerged as part of the “cultural turn” within the social sciences. Although it is often seen as countering material determinism and the neglect of culture in conventional approaches in political economy, the cultural turn was less about “adding culture” than about challenging positivist epistemologies in social research. For some, cultural political economy continues to be defined by an orientation toward cultural or “lifeworld” variables such as identity, gender, discourse, and so on, in contrast to conventional political economy’s focus on the material or “systems” dimensions. However, this revalorization of the nonmaterial dimensions of political economic life reinforces a sharp distinction between the cultural and the material, an issue which can be traced to the concept of “(dis)embedding” the economy and subordinating society. A more noticeable development, however, is the increasing orientation of critical (CPE) analyses of global development toward the “economization” of the cultural in the context of mutating forms of neoliberalism. Concomitant to the economization of the cultural in narratives of global development is the “culturalization” of the economic. Here attention is paid not just to the growth of cultural industries but to the multiple ways in which culture has been normalized in discourses of global and corporate development.
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Lury, Celia, Deirdre Boden, and Scott Lash. Global Culture Industries: The Mediation of Things. Polity Press, 2007.
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11
Lobb, Rebecca, Shoba Ramanadhan, and Laura Murray. Dissemination and Implementation Research in a Global Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190683214.003.0028.
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The value and challenges associated with participatory research are intensified for lower and middle-income countries because of the geographic distance between the primary research team and research setting, the limited resources and infrastructure for health, and the linguistic and cultural diversity of the residents. Dissemination and implementation research is ideally suited to improve health for populations in lower and middle-income countries because the emphasis on local context contributes to building trust between local stakeholders and researchers, and leverages emergent ideas for solutions to local problems. Moreover, the products of dissemination and implementation research include practical information to improve use of evidence-based practices in local settings and generalizable knowledge to advance science.
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Keegan, Cáel M. Lana and Lilly Wachowski. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042126.001.0001.
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This book analyzes the filmmaking careers of Lana and Lilly Wachowski as the world’s most influential transgender media producers. Situated at the intersection of trans* studies and black feminist film studies, it argues that the Wachowskis’ cinema has been co-constitutive with the historical appearance of transgender, tracing how their work invents a trans* aesthetics of sensation that has disrupted conventional schemas of race, gender, space, and time. Offering new readings of the Wachowskis’ films and television, it illustrates the previously unsensed presence of transgender in the subtext of queer cinema, in the design of digital video, and in the emergence of a twenty-first-century global cinematic imaginary. It is in the Wachowskis’ art, the author argues, that transgender cultural production most centrally confronts cinema’s construction of reality, and in which white, Western transgender subjectivity most directly impacts global visual culture. Thus, the Wachowskis’ cinema is an inescapable archive for sensing the politics of race and gender in the present moment.
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Papadimitriou, Lydia, and Ana Grgić, eds. Contemporary Balkan Cinema. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458436.001.0001.
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The first inclusive collection to examine post-2008 developments in Balkan cinema, this book brings together a number of international scholars working within and beyond the region to explore its industrial contexts and textual dimensions. Exploring both mainstream and arthouse cinemas, the authors identify patterns, trends and common characteristics in the subject matter and aesthetics of films produced and distributed since the global economic crisis. With a focus on transnational links, global networks and cross-cultural exchanges, the book addresses the role of national and supranational institutions as well as film festival networks in supporting film production, distribution and reception. Through critical and comprehensive profiles of the cinematic output in each Balkan country, and with an equal focus on smaller and underrepresented cinemas from Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia and Albania, the collection argues for the continuing relevance of the concept of ‘Balkan cinema’. This study conceptualizes Contemporary Balkan Cinema as a hybrid, trans-national encounter that offers multifarious responses to political and social challenges in the region: gravitation and/or disillusionment toward the European Union; migration; political and social instability; and economic recession.
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Jin, Dal Yong. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.003.0009.
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This chapter first summarizes the major characteristics of the New Korean Wave. It then considers whether we need to develop non-Western media theories to explain the rapid growth of local popular culture in the global markets or whether we have to apply and utilize current forms of these theories. It also discusses what we have to keep in mind in further studies on the Hallyu phenomenon in the midst of globalization, which will be a good case study for several other emerging local markets. It argues that producers in the Korean cultural industries need to develop the unique culture through the hybridization process. The Korean government and cultural industry corporations also play a key role in developing cultural policies and cultural products. By doing so, Korea will be able to make a compelling case for the growth of local popular culture and digital technologies in the global markets.
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Huang, Alexa. Global Shakespeare Criticism Beyond the Nation State. Edited by James C. Bulman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687169.013.17.
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This chapter discusses three methodological concerns about studying global Shakespeare—those touring and intercultural performances often thought to play a geopolitical role in cultural diplomacy. First, the postnational space for global arts is shaped by mutual influence and fluid cultural locations rather than by traditional notions of the nation state. It is therefore no longer useful to consider a production within one national context. Second, global Shakespeare as a field of study reflects the anxiety about cultural particularity and universality. Identifying the dynamics behind the production and reception of global Shakespeare will help us confront archival silences in the record of cultural globalization; what has been redacted, eliminated, or suppressed. Third, global citations of Shakespeare—whether in performances or by politicians—demonstrate a spectral quality. The spectre of global Shakespeare is a product of the politically articulated promise and perils of cultural difference.
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Crawford, Margo Natalie. The Local and the Global. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041006.003.0005.
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The fourth chapter analyzes BLKARTSOUTH (the leading collective of the Black Arts Movement in the South). Crawford focuses on Nkombo journal produced by BLKARTSOUTH. She argues that the practice of the local and the global in NKOMBO prepared the way for the practice of diaspora and the local in Callaloo, the most prominent journal in current African diasporic literary and cultural studies. This chapter shows how editorial practices during both the Black Arts Movement and the 21st century pivot on making the local and the global inseparable in a manner that parallels the inseparability of blackness and post-blackness.
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Jin, Dal Yong. Cultural Globalization in Korean Cinema. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039973.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the swift change experienced by the Korean film industry in conjunction with the Korean Wave. It investigates the primary causes of the roller coaster-like shifts within Korean cinema, including government cultural policies due to the significant role of the government in the midst of neoliberal globalization. It then maps out the nature of cultural hybridity in domestic films by comparing hybridized films between the Hallyu 1.0 era and the Hallyu 2.0 era. By textually analyzing film genres and themes of 240 films produced domestically between 1989 and 2012, the chapter explores not only the ways in which Korean cinema develops hybridity in domestic films, but also whether hybridity has generated new possible cultures that are free from Western influence. This eventually leads us to determine the major characteristics of hybrid Korean cinema in the Hallyu 2.0 era and its future direction in the global film market.
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Joye, Stijn, Daniël Biltereyst, and Fien Adriaens. Telenovelas and/as Adaptations. Edited by Thomas Leitch. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199331000.013.20.
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Within an emerging tradition of adaptation research that looks beyond fidelity-driven inquiries into exclusively literary adaptations, the case of telenovelas is exemplary for a contemporary media industry that is characterized by a cross-media and cross-border exchange of narratives. Focusing on the recent revival and international success of the telenovela genre and format, Chapter 20 reflects on a series of extra-textual features and contexts that are related to the practice of adapting global telenovela formats into different cultural environments. It approaches telenovelas as localizable yet universally appealing cultural products and narratives that undergo a tailoring process to match local expectations or to conform to local sensibilities and cultural, narrative, and production codes.
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Koyagi, Mikiya. Iran in Motion. Stanford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503613133.001.0001.
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Completed in 1938, the Trans-Iranian Railway connected Tehran to Iran's two major bodies of water: the Caspian Sea in the north and the Persian Gulf in the south. Iran's first national railway, it produced and disrupted various kinds of movement—voluntary and forced, intended and unintended, on different scales and in different directions—among Iranian diplomats, tribesmen, migrant laborers, technocrats, railway workers, tourists and pilgrims, as well as European imperial officials alike. Iran in Motion tells the hitherto unexplored stories of these individuals as they experienced new levels of mobility. Drawing on newspapers, industry publications, travelogues, and memoirs, as well as American, British, Danish, and Iranian archival materials, Mikiya Koyagi traces contested imaginations and practices of mobility from the conception of a trans-Iranian railway project during the nineteenth-century global transport revolution to its early years of operation on the eve of Iran's oil nationalization movement in the 1950s. Weaving together various individual experiences, this book considers how the infrastructural megaproject reoriented the flows of people and goods. In so doing, the railway project simultaneously brought the provinces closer to Tehran and pulled them away from it, thereby constantly reshaping local, national, and transnational experiences of space among mobile individuals.
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Wiruchnipawan, Fon, and Roy Y. J. Chua. Intercultural Relationships and Creativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190455675.003.0009.
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In the global economy, individuals have to engage in cross-cultural interactions when tasked to develop creative new products or services. Research on the effects of cultural diversity on creativity, however, has been equivocal. One stream of research champions that cultural diversity in relationships broadens ideas and resources for creative thinking, whereas skeptics counter that intercultural tensions and conflicts hurt rather than help. This chapter discusses both sides of the argument. We examine the effects of intercultural relationships on creativity from three perspectives: (a) how a culturally diverse social environment (including social networks) influences individuals’ creativity; (b) how individuals can successfully engage in intercultural dyadic creative collaboration; and (c) how intercultural relationships influence creativity of multicultural teams. In addition, we investigate the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions of how intercultural relationships impact creative performance. We conclude by integrating ideas from existing research and proposing new research directions.
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Doty, Roxanne Lynn. The Global and the Local. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.332.
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The connections between the local and the global raise a range of issues that have been addressed in social and political theory in the past but continue to provoke important discussion. Many of the constructs that have traditionally been foundational to the academic discipline of international relations, including territory and sovereignty, are inherently intertwined with how we think of the local and the global. The local–global connections revolve around three broad and overlapping themes: the critical scrutiny of older concepts and the emergence of new ones as well as alternative vocabularies; an appreciation of the necessity of an interdisciplinary perspective; and attention to the significance of the relationship between theory and practice. Many of the more recent scholarly work on the local–global continue to tackle the effects of global capitalism in locations constructed as local as well as the role of these locations in facilitating global capitalist relations. Critical geographers and cultural studies scholars have made important contributions to our understandings of the global–local nexus by focusing on the formation of social movements and localized practices of resistance as well as transversal struggles that call into question conventional spatial logics. Another important area of research that has made both conceptual and empirical contributions has produced the “global cities” literature. Students of international studies need to continue to focus on what have been referred to as “everyday” or “local” practices that have often been considered unimportant when it comes to the “big” issues of international studies.
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Domínguez, Virginia R., and Jane C. Desmond, eds. Kristin Solli on Ian Condry. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040832.003.0027.
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This essay is a response to Ian Condry’s contribution in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. Solli appreciates Condry’s analysis and ideas about music, location, and power but also extends them by discussing an example that, like Condry’s case, suggests the intricacies and paradoxes that follow in the wake of the global dissemination of U.S. popular culture. More specifically, Solli here examines jazz, a genre that has received considerable attention by scholars interested in the local/global dynamic that Condry addresses. While acknowledging that hip-hop in Japan and jazz in Norway have their important differences, Solli considers some similarities as well, especially the dynamic whereby the music gains meaning from being positioned in relation to a perceived U.S. center. Solli notes that both academic and popular discourses tend to focus on how U.S. cultural products and practices are changed and reworked by people in other places, and she asks if this move might risk recentering the U.S. even if the goal is the opposite. In the end, this essay argues that it is important to show how hip-hop in Japan, jazz in Norway, or country music in Brazil, for example, complicate simplistic models of U.S. cultural imperialism. Has the time now come to examine what is and is not localized?
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Lloyd, Ian J. 12. Virtual criminality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787556.003.0012.
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This chapter examines the law on virtual crimes, including those covering Internet pornography, photographs and pseudo-photographs, and multimedia products. It discusses the difficulty of applying localised concepts of obscenity—which are dictated by cultural, religious, and societal values—in the global environment of the Internet. It also considers the issue of cyber bullying and harassment. It is shown that nation states have difficulty enforcing their own policies regarding what is or is not acceptable. However, matters assume a different perspective when there is a commonality of approach between the jurisdiction where material is hosted and where it is accessed. In this, the Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime is a significant, albeit limited, development.
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Townley, Barbara, Philip Roscoe, and Nicola Searle. Creating Economy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795285.001.0001.
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Creativity is at the vanguard of contemporary capitalism, valorized as a form of capital in its own right. It is the centrepiece of the vaunted ‘creative economy’, and within the latter, the creative industries. But what is economic about creativity? How can creative labour become the basis for a distinctive global industry? And how has the solitary artist, a figment of Romantic thought, become the creative entrepreneur of twenty-first-century economic imagining? Such questions have long provoked scholars interested in economics, sociology, management and law. This book offers a fresh approach to the theoretical problems of cultural economy, through a focus on intellectual property (IP) within the creative industries. IP and its associated rights (IPR) are followed as they journey through the creative economy, creating a hybrid IP/IPR that shapes creative products and configures the economic agency of creative producers. The book argues that IP/IPR is the central mechanism in organizing the market for creative goods, helping to manage risk, settle what is valuable, extract revenues, and protect future profits.. Most importantly, IP/IPR is crucial in the dialectic between symbolic and economic value on which the creative industries depend: IP/IPR hold the creative industries together. The book is based on a detailed empirical study of creative producers in the UK, extending sociological studies of markets to an analysis of the UK’s creative industries. It makes an important, empirically grounded contribution to debates around creativity, entrepreneurship, and precarity in creative industries and will be of interest to scholars and policymakers alike.
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Allsen, Thomas T. Pre-modern Empires. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0021.
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Empire is regularly defined as a political unit of large extent controlling a number of territories and peoples under a single sovereign authority. Of the three criteria, only one, sovereign authority, is quantified. In the early sixteenth century, maritime Europe, starting on its own path to empire, encountered large imperial regimes across the globe — the Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal, Ming, Aztec, and Inca — each of which had an identifiable genealogy and model. To a meaningful degree, global political history is simply the oscillation between universal empires and multi-state systems. In their expansive modes, empires destroyed and created states and were similarly productive in decline, devolving back into smaller polities, some entirely new and others merely refashioned. Standard imperial policies had profound cultural consequences. Population transfers, garrisons, and colonies produced close encounters, while secure lines of communications and interest in things foreign produced long-distance exchange.
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Domínguez, Virginia R., and Jane C. Desmond, eds. Edward Schatz on Manar Shorbagy. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040832.003.0016.
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This essay is a response to Manar Shorbagy’s contribution in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. It argues that Shorbagy is correct in stating that U.S. policy in the region produces the very resistance to its policies that it seeks to undermine, but it also wants to extend the argument beyond analysis of policies. Schatz, for example, insists that ordinary people and political actors form their opinions and pursue their agendas not solely based on policy calculations, and he stresses that this is more important than Shorbagy’s essay presents. He asks several questions in his response to Shorbagy’s analysis of Kefaya: (1) Is Kefaya likely to survive the Obama Administration, the next U.S. president, their different foreign policy choices, and at times very different rhetoric, given its trans-ideological nature uniting Islamists and secular democrats? (2) Will Kefaya need to move beyond critiques of “foreign threats and political despotism” and demonstrate its efficacy to the broader public? And (3) is it possible that the new U.S. administration could engineer new modes of engagement in the region that are much less beholden to old patterns of behavior?
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Nardon, Luciara. Culture, Context, and Managerial Behaviour. Edited by Adrian Wilkinson, Steven J. Armstrong, and Michael Lounsbury. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198708612.013.28.
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Cross-cultural interactions do not happen in a vacuum; they happen within an organizational context, with specific actors involved and in a particular physical setting. This chapter draws on a perspective of situated cognition to examine how various layers of context can influence cognitions and behaviours in cross-cultural situations. It proposes that action results from the interaction of cognitive schemas, including cultural values and assumptions, and contextual variables. Context is conceptualized as a multilayered construct including institutional, organizational and situational layers which influences what individuals notice, how they interpret information, and the actions they take. Further, it is argued that the context of global management is malleable and changes as a product of the actions of multiple players. Implications of a focus on context for the theory and practice of cross-cultural management are discussed.
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Domínguez, Virginia R., and Jane C. Desmond, eds. Guillermo Ibarra on Amy Spellacy. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040832.003.0031.
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This essay is a response to Amy Spellacy’s contribution in this book, Global Perspectives on the United States. While he largely concurs with Spellacy, Ibarra wonders about the persistence of Coca Cola as an iconic symbol of “America” in this period of ever-expanding global capitalism. He offers some hypotheses, too, about new ways that Coca Cola ads may be contributing to the current form of U.S. cultural hegemony. Highlighted among these is Ibarra’s idea that Coca Cola’s current messages focusing on diversity of national and ethnic groups may well work with their globalized market interests, and hence that they may display less marked racial and social differentiation than Spellacy found in the 1940s and 1950s ads. Ibarra argues that the contemporary images in Coca Cola ads are more visually egalitarian, but that seemingly successful individuals predominate, thereby imposing mainstream (middle class?) U.S. cultural values, nonetheless. The essay concludes that Coca Cola still functions as a cultural product available to everyone, epitomizing “America” and its values, and that it therefore materially contributes in profound ways to the rise of a new powerful U.S. around the planet.
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Petrovici, Norbert, Codruța Mare, and Darie Moldovan. The Economy of Cluj. Cluj-Napoca and the Cluj Metropolitan Area: The development of the Local Economy in the 2008-2018 decade. Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52257/9786063710445.
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Over the last decade, globalization processes have intensified, and as such, global organizations relocated their secondary processes to new spaces specialized in operations (Peck 2018; Oshri, Kotlarsky, and Willcocks 2015). Most of the processes that are being externalized are Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) and Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) (Oshri, Kotlarsky, and Willcocks 2015). The global outsourcing hotspots are India, China and the Philippines, that concentrate over 80% of outsourced processes. At European level, Central and Eastern Europe has capitalized most of the outsourcing in the West, particularly in regards to German capital (Marin 2018; Dustmann et al. 2014). Almost half (45.4%) of the total foreign investments of German companies is outsourced to Central and Eastern Europe. In Romania 63.7% of the German foreign investments are processes that were outsourced to our country (Marin, Schymik, and Tarasov 2018). As Peck (2018) points out, the logic behind the process is finding the cheapest labor force pools. Initially, outsourcing was focused on industrialized labor, however, now it is mostly skilled and highly skilled workforce that is being outsourced (Pavlínek 2019). Even if it is work performed by white collars, it has a high level of repetitiveness; however, in sectors such as IT there are also R&D operations (Oshri, Kotlarsky, and Willcocks 2015). Cluj is an example of a city whose local economy and workforce composition changed dramatically after the 2008-2010 financial crisis. The city is one of the Central and Eastern European hubs that benefited from the globalization of outsourcing operations. In particular, Cluj-Napoca excels in four transnational fields: Information & Communications Technology, Business Support Services, Engineering, Research & Development and Financial Services. In 2018, Cluj-Napoca was one of the most developed cities in the European Union in the GDP per capita group 19.000 – 27.000 at Purchasing Power Parity, cities that made a credible commitment at European level to promote knowledge, culture and creativity. In particular, participation in global production chains has generated the emergence of two types of internal markets: An internal market for the well-paid labor force employed in internationalized sectors that consumes a series of dedicated products and services: hospitality (restaurants, cafes, bars), food stuffs (meat products, pastries, premium alcoholic products), lifestyle services (hair salons , spas, gyms), cultural services (festivals, theatres, operas), location services (real estate services, interior design services, furniture manufacturing services). A set of markets that serve the global capital in reproducing their location (cleaning services, security, construction of type A office buildings, human resources). Both domestic and internationalized markets are responsible for the impressive development of the city between 2008 and 2018. The GDP of the Cluj Metropolitan Area and the private revenues of companies have doubled in the last decade.
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Russell, Gillian. The Novel and the Stage. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199574803.003.0028.
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This chapter studies the relationship between the novel and the stage. Novels and plays were the products of the same cultural, political, and social contexts: they were performed, circulated as texts, and interpreted in relation to and often in dialogue and competition with each other. However, the extent to which the development of the novel in this period interacts with that of the stage has received comparatively little attention in literary history. This partly reflects the differentiation of literary genres that took place in the nineteenth century and its subsequent academic institutionalization which has resulted in the novel and the drama constituting distinct fields within literary studies. This development was reinforced by the ‘rise’ of the novel to the status of a legitimate literary genre, one indeed regarded as central to modern global culture, and, conversely, the ‘decline’ of the prestige of theatre and drama, particularly that of the period 1750–1950.
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Bennett, Susan. Experimental Shakespeare. Edited by James C. Bulman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199687169.013.6.
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‘Experimental Shakespeare’ considers the various meanings of ‘experimental’ as it has been attributed to productions of the plays in the last fifty years. It looks at innovation in performance style as well as the criticism these stage practices have inspired. In addition, the chapter considers the emergence and popularity of a ‘global’ Shakespeare and how audiences engage non-English-language and postcolonial productions in diverse cultural markets. Finally, it looks at the idea of original practices productions in replica theatre buildings and considers what effects are produced by claims to an authentic Shakespearean performance practice. Each of these traditions of ‘experimental’ Shakespeare contributes to the ongoing cultural and economic impact of the playwright and his work.
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Alahmad, Nida. A Perspective from the Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793342.003.0005.
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This chapter argues that, while we can conceive of a ‘global’ or a ‘regional’ governance structure, a ‘critical regional perspective’ is not possible for three reasons. First, there is a problem of governance as a technology of ordering the world that requires the production of abstracted forms of knowledge; second, the problem of determining what a critical ‘regional’ perspective on global governance might be; and third, a critical perspective that would account for the daily lives of people cannot be produced by regional institutions, which are rarely representative of popular democratic movements. In the Middle East, the Arab League has historically been weak, reflecting turbulent regional power relations. As such, it is difficult to identify a regional perspective based on the League’s governance practices. If a regional political counter-perspective to global governance is not possible (as in the Middle East), one cannot speak of a cultural (counter) perspective on governance.
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Prestholdt, Jeremy. Africa and The Global Lives of Things. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0005.
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Inquiries into commodification, social distinction, and fashion have offered fresh perspectives on social relations and cultural formations in Africa. Imported consumer goods were both elemental to social relationships and a cornerstone of Africa's global interfaces. This article explores how the social dynamics of consumer demand in Africa were shaped by, and gave shape to, larger social, economic, and political relationships from the sixteenth to the early twentieth century. This approach underscores the interrelation of African cultural imperatives and histories of globalization. Focusing on East Africa in the late nineteenth century, the article begins with a snapshot of consumer trends before the nineteenth century. It then examines three dimensions of consumption in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: marketing consumer objects, the social relations of consumption, and the ways manufacturers accommodated African consumer demand. Taken together, these themes augment our understanding of social change in Africa, contribute to wider reflections on consumption as a mode of trans-societal relation, and highlight how manufactured objects can be conceptually and physically transformed throughout their global life cycles.
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Mallapragada, Madhavi. Homepage Nationalisms. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038631.003.0002.
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This chapter interrogates the so-called “problematic of homepage nationalisms” in analyses of online media. It argues that the problematic is produced through normative ideas about online media as “global” (which all too often is synonymous with “American”) technologies and cultural nationalism as a quintessentially immigrant or diasporic concern. It examines the politics underwriting the categorization of the global Web and digital diasporas, and links it to the continued undertheorization of “home” in home pages. Using the example of curry as a metaphor for the presence of Indian immigrants in the American software industry, the chapter demonstrates how reading race in narratives that are ostensibly about transnational migration can illuminate the nuances of belonging or being an outsider in the immigrant experience. An interdisciplinary approach that engages the question of “home” at the intersections of race, class, and gender can therefore help redefine the equation between nation and diaspora in examinations of digital diasporas, and help pose the question of nation more purposefully in discussion of the global Web.
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Williams, Erica Lorraine. Conclusion. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037931.003.0009.
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This book contributes to the anthropology of globalization by probing how people on the ground are negotiating global inequalities in their sexual practices and intimate lives. It has shown that, while top-down globalization in the form of the tourism industry still promises to spread the wealth to reach more Brazilian citizens, Bahian sex workers, tour guides, tourism industry workers, and cultural producers are enacting “insurgent cosmopolitanism” in the form of “counter-hegemonic solidarity, bottom-up globalization.” While the government, nongovernmental organizations, journalists, and abolitionist feminists focus on sex tourism as the problem of white Western elite men exploiting poor, marginalized, Third World women, sex workers in Salvador saw opportunities for cosmopolitanism, advancement, romance, intimacy, and potential transnational mobility through their ambiguous entanglements with foreigners. The book concludes by raising questions and implications for future research on issues of race, sexuality, and globalization within cultural anthropology.
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Anderson, Crystal S. Soul in Seoul. University Press of Mississippi, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496830098.001.0001.
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Soul in Seoul: African American Popular Music and K-pop examines how K-pop cites musical and performative elements of Black popular music culture as well as the ways that fans outside of Korea understand these citations. K-pop represents a hybridized mode of Korean popular music that emerged in the 1990s with global aspirations. Its hybridity combines musical elements from Korean and foreign cultures, particularly rhythm and blues-based genres (R&B) of African American popular music. Korean pop, R&B and hip-hop solo artists and groups engage in citational practices by simultaneously emulating R&B’s instrumentation and vocals and enhancing R&B by employing Korean musical strategies to such an extent that K-pop becomes part of a global R&B tradition. Korean pop groups use dynamic images and quality musical production to engage in cultural work that culminates the kind of global form of crossover pioneered by Black American music producers. Korean R&B artists, with a focus on vocals, take the R&B tradition beyond the Black-white binary, and Korean hip-hop practitioners use sampling and live instrumentation to promote R&B’s innovative music aesthetics. K-pop artists also cite elements of African American performance in Korean music videos that disrupt limiting representations. K-pop’s citational practices reveal diverse musical aesthetics driven by the interplay of African American popular music and Korean music strategies. As a transcultural fandom, global fans function as part of K-pop’s music press and deem these citational practices authentic. Citational practices also challenge homogenizing modes of globalization by revealing the multiple cultural forces that inform K-pop.
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Mendenhall, Emily. Rethinking Diabetes. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501738302.001.0001.
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Rethinking Diabetes investigates how "global" and "local" factors transform how diabetes is perceived, experienced, and embodied from place to place. The book argues that neoliberal capitalism fuels the intrinsic links between hunger and crisis, structural violence and fear, and cumulative trauma and psychiatric distress that are embodied in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (hereafter, "diabetes"). It suggests that a global story of modernization as the primary force in the spread of global diabetes overlooks the micro-level stressors that respond to structural inequalities and drive the underlying psychophysiological processes linking hunger, crisis, oppression, unbridled stress, and chronic psychological distress to diabetes. The narratives in this book unveil how deeply embedded such factors are in how diabetes is experienced and (re)produced among low-income communities around the world. Yet, the book focuses on four life stories – one from each context – to consider how diabetes is perceived and experienced in the United States, India, South Africa, and Kenya. These discrete chapters investigate how social, cultural, and epidemiological factors shape people's experiences and why we need to take these differences seriously when we think about what drives diabetes and how it affects the lives of the poor.
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Milner, Andrew, and J. R. Burgmann. Science Fiction and Climate Change. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621723.001.0001.
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Despite the occasional upsurge of climate change scepticism among Anglophone conservative politicians and journalists, there is still a near consensus among climate scientists that current levels of atmospheric greenhouse gas are sufficient to alter global weather patterns to disastrous effect. The resultant climate crisis is simultaneously both a natural and a socio-cultural phenomenon and in this book Milner and Burgmann argue that science fiction occupies a critical location within this nature/culture nexus. Science Fiction and Climate Change takes as its subject matter what Daniel Bloom famously dubbed ‘cli-fi’. It does not, however, attempt to impose a prescriptively environmentalist aesthetic on this sub-genre. Rather, it seeks to explain how a genre defined in relation to science finds itself obliged to produce fictional responses to the problems actually thrown up by contemporary scientific research. Milner and Burgmann adopt a historically and geographically comparatist framework, analysing print and audio-visual texts drawn from a number of different contexts, especially Australia, Britain, Canada, China, Finland, France, Germany, Japan and the United States. Inspired by Raymond Williams’s cultural materialism, Pierre Bourdieu’s sociology of culture and Franco Moretti’s version of world systems theory, the book builds on Milner’s own Locating Science Fiction to produce a powerfully persuasive study in the sociology of literature.
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O’Reilly, Maria. Feminism and the Politics of Difference. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.177.
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Feminist scholars and practitioners have challenged—and sought to overcome—gendered forms of inequality, subordination, or oppression within a variety of political, economic, and social contexts. However, feminists have been embroiled in profound theoretical disagreements over a variety of issues, including the nature and significance of the relationship between culture and the production of gendered social life, as well as the implications of cultural location for women’s agency, feminist knowledge production, and the possibilities of building cross-cultural feminist coalitions and agendas. Many of the approaches that emerged in the “first” and “second waves” of feminist scholarship and activism were not able to effectively engage with questions of culture. Women of color and ethnicity, postcolonial feminists and poststructural feminists, in addition to the questions and debates raised by liberal feminists (and their critics) on the implications of multiculturalism for feminist goals, have produced scholarship that highlights issues of cultural difference, division, diversity, and differentiation. Their critiques of the “universalism” and “culture-blindness” of second wave theories and practices exposed the hegemonic and exclusionary tendencies of the feminist movement in the global North, and opened up the opportunity to develop intersectional analyses and feminist identity politics, thereby shifting issues of cultural diversity and difference from the margins to the center of international feminism. The debates on cultural difference, division, diversity, and differentiation have enriched feminist scholarship within the discipline of international relations, particularly after 9/11.
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Wright, Tom F. Britain and Kinship. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190496791.003.0006.
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During the 1852–53 season Thackeray delivered a series of lectures, “The English Humourists of the Eighteenth Century,” and returned for a more extensive tour during 1855–56, speaking on “The Four Georges” of the Hanoverian dynasty. This chapter charts the controversies that attended his discussion of themes of monarchy, humor, and global “Englishness.” It argues, first, that both series of lectures attempted to reconfigure a usable eighteenth century, and offer a literature and heritage belonging to all Anglophone readers. Second, it explores how Thackeray, as an Indian-born product of empire, embodied ideals of a shared tradition in fascinating and contradictory ways for American audiences. Third, the chapter shows how the American treatment of Thackeray’s performances dovetailed with the dynamics of the midcentury copyright crisis. Finally, the chapter charts the ways in which Thackeray’s mode of genial humor was used to talk about matters of cultural divergence.
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Levin Rojo, Danna A., and Cynthia Radding, eds. The [Oxford] Handbook of Borderlands of the Iberian World. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341771.001.0001.
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This collaborative Oxford Handbook of Borderlands in the Iberian World integrates interdisciplinary approaches to illustrate the historical processes that produced borderlands in the Americas and connected them to global circuits of exchange and migration in the early modern world, extending from the fifteenth to the nineteenth-centuries. It brings together specialists in the Spanish and Portuguese imperial spheres, their geographic and cultural borderlands in both South and North America, and their maritime networks across the Caribbean, Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Its objectives emphasize (1) scholarship published in Latin America as well as new research published in diverse academic communities; (2) transdisciplinary research in fields such as ecology, archaeology, art history, geography, musicology, and anthropology that inform the current field of borderlands scholarship; (3) accessible language and imagery to make this work appeal widely to students, teachers, and scholars. “Borderlands” as a concept and a field of academic inquiry has opened new dimensions of interdisciplinary and critical thought in the last quarter-century at the same time that ethnohistorical approaches to imperialism and colonialism have produced critical analyses of European imperial spheres in the Americas and other world regions. This Handbook offers new research on environmental change, powerful indigenous federations in both North and South America, gendered histories in the mixed and volatile social fabrics of borderlands, indigenous enslavement and the complex degrees of difference between freedom and bondage, Afro-descendant populations in the Spanish and Portuguese borderlands, interethnic relations, and cultural productions in the arts and sciences.
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Katz, Mark. Build. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056117.001.0001.
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Hip hop and diplomacy are unlikely partners. And yet, since 2001 the US Department of State has been sending hip hop artists to perform and teach around the world. The government has good reason to be interested in hip hop: it is known and loved across the globe, readily acknowledged as a product of American culture. Moreover, hip hop has long been a means of fostering community through creative collaboration—what hip hop artists call building—and can thus facilitate mutual respect and cooperation among people of different nations, a key objective of diplomacy. At heart, Build is about the intersection of art and power. It reveals the power of art to bridge cultural divides, facilitate understanding, and express and heal trauma. Yet power is always double-edged, and the story of hip hop diplomacy is deeply fraught. Build explores the inescapable tensions and ambiguities in the relationship between art and the state, revealing the ethical complexities that lurk behind what might seem mere goodwill tours. In the end, however, Build makes the case that hip hop can be a valuable, positive, and effective means to promote meaningful and productive relations between people and nations. Hip hop, a US-born art form that has become a voice of struggle and celebration worldwide, has the power to build global community at time when it is so desperately needed.
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Jones, Michael Owen, and Lucy M. Long, eds. Comfort Food. University Press of Mississippi, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496810847.001.0001.
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As a subject of study, “comfort food” is relevant to a number of scholarly disciplines, most obviously food studies, folkloristics, and anthropology, but also American culture studies, cultural studies, global and international studies, tourism, marketing, and public health. This volume explores the concept of “comfort food” primarily within a western context with examples from Atlantic Canada, Indonesia, England, and various ethnic, regional, and religious populations as well as rural and urban residents in the U.S. It includes studies of a wide range of dishes—bologna to chocolate, sweet and savory puddings, fried bread with an egg in the center, dairy products, fried rice, cafeteria fare, sugary fried dough, soul food, and others—exploring ways in which they comfort or in some instances cause discomfort and how they are connected to a sense of emotional well-being. Some essays analyze the phenomenon in daily life; others consider comfort food in the context of cookbooks, films, Internet blogs, literature, marketing, and tourism. Recognizing that what heartens one person might discomfort another, the collection is organized accordingly, from pleasant and comforting to unpleasant or discomforting food experiences. Those foods and food experiences are then related to concepts and issues such as identity, family, community, nationality, ethnicity, class, sense of place, tradition, stress, health, discomfort, guilt, betrayal, and loss, contributing to a deeper understanding of comfort food as a significant social category of human behavior.
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Barnhill, Anne, Mark Budolfson, and Tyler Doggett, eds. [Oxford] Handbook of Food Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199372263.001.0001.
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Food ethics, as an academic pursuit, is vast, incorporating work from philosophy as well as anthropology, economics, environmental sciences and other natural sciences, geography, law, and sociology. This Handbook provides a sample of recent philosophical work in food ethics. This philosophical work addresses ethical issues with agricultural production, the structure of the global food system, the ethics of personal food consumption, the ethics of food policy, and cultural understandings of food and eating, among other issues. The work in this Handbook draws on multiple literatures within philosophy, including practical ethics, normative ethics, and political philosophy, as well as drawing on non-philosophical work. Part I considers ethical issues concerning the industrial model of farming that dominates in developed countries, looking most closely at industrial crop farming and its environmental effects. Part II concerns the ethics of animal agriculture. Part III concerns the ethics of consumption: is it morally permissible to consume various products? Part IV concerns justice—including racial, social, and economic justice—in the food system. Part V discusses some ethical and legal issues with specific kinds of food policies, including healthy eating policies, food labeling, and agricultural guest worker programs. Part VI includes four essays taking a critical eye to our public discourse about, and personal experiences of, dieting, healthy eating, and obesity prevention. Lastly, the essays in Part VII concern the personal, social, and moral significance of food.
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Rossoukh, Ramyar D., and Steven C. Caton, eds. Anthropology, Film Industries, Modularity. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022190.
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From Bangladesh and Hong Kong to Iran and South Africa, film industries around the world are rapidly growing at a time when new digital technologies are fundamentally changing how films are made and viewed. Larger film industries like Bollywood and Nollywood aim to attain Hollywood's audience and profitability, while smaller, less commercial, and often state-funded enterprises support various cultural and political projects. The contributors to Anthropology, Film Industries, Modularity take an ethnographic and comparative approach to capturing the diversity and growth of global film industries. They outline how modularity—the specialized filmmaking tasks that collectively produce a film—operates as a key feature in every film industry, independent of local context. Whether they are examining the process of dubbing Hollywood films into Hindi, virtual reality filmmaking in South Africa, or on-location shooting in Yemen, the contributors' anthropological methodology brings into relief the universal practices and the local contingencies and deeper cultural realities of film production. Contributors. Steven C. Caton, Jessica Dickson, Kevin Dwyer, Tejaswini Ganti, Lotte Hoek, Amrita Ibrahim, Sylvia J. Martin, Ramyar D. Rossoukh
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Voll, John Obert. The Middle East in World History. Edited by Jerry H. Bentley. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199235810.013.0025.
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This article describes the role of the Middle East in world history. The Middle East is both a strategic concept and a geo-cultural region. As a concept and a specific label of identification, it is a product of analysts writing about twentieth-century world affairs. However, as a region, its peoples and cultures are associated with the history of humanity from ancient times. This regional name itself shapes a way of understanding the history of the broad region of Southwestern Asia and Northern Africa. Both of the terms in the name — ‘Middle’ and ‘East’ — identify the region in relationship to other world regions and reflect the importance of the region's involvement in broader global historical processes. Along with examining the history of the region, the discussion also notes how the concepts of the historical units involved in that history have changed in the presentations of the history of the Middle East.
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Peterson, V. Spike. Revisiting Gendered States. Edited by Swati Parashar, J. Ann Tickner, and Jacqui True. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190644031.001.0001.
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State sovereignty and autonomy in the twenty-first century are both under challenge and continually reasserted in diverse ways through gender, sexuality, and race-making. This paradox makes it pertinent to revisit the idea of states as gendered political entities. Bringing together scholars from international relations and postcolonial and development studies, this volume collectively theorizes the modern state and its intricate relationship to security, identity politics, and gender. Drawing on postcolonial and critical feminist approaches, together with empirical case studies, contributors engage with the ontological foundations of the modern state and its capacity to adapt to the global and local contestations of its identity, histories, and purpose. They examine the various ways in which gender explains the construction and interplay of states in global politics today; and how states, be they neoliberal, postcolonial, or religious (or all three together), impact the everyday lives and security of their citizens. Such a rich array of feminist analyses of multiple kinds of states provides crucial insight into gender injustices in relatively stable states, but also into the political, economic, social, and cultural inequalities that produce violent conflicts threatening the sovereignty of some states and even leading to the creation of new states.
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Garavini, Giuliano. The Rise and Fall of OPEC in the Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832836.001.0001.
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The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is one of the most recognizable acronyms among international organizations. It is mainly associated with the “oil shock” of 1973 when the price of petroleum increased fourfold and industrialized countries and consumers were forced to face the limits of their development model. This is the first history of OPEC and of its members written by a professional historian. It carries the reader from the formation of the first petrostate in the world, Venezuela in the late 1920s, to the global ascent of petrostates and OPEC in the 1970s, to their crisis at the end of the 1980s and beginning of the 1990s. Born in 1960, OPEC was the first international organization of the Global South. It was widely perceived as acting as the economic “spearhead” of the Global South and acquired a role that went far beyond the realm of oil politics. Petrostates such as Venezuela, Nigeria, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, have been (and still are) key regional actors and their enduring cooperation, defying wide political and cultural differences and even wars, speaks to the centrality of natural resources in the history of the twentieth century, and to the underlying conflict between producers and consumers of these natural resources. Being the first study to use previously unavailable OPEC sources, it offers surprising insights into the way of thinking of the ruling elites in petrostates and to the way the world looks when seen through their eyes.
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Graham, Wade, and Donald Worster. Braided Waters. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520298590.001.0001.
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This book sheds new light on the relationship between environment and society by charting the history of Hawaii's Molokai island over a thousand-year period of repeated settlement. From the arrival of the first Polynesians to contact with eighteenth-century European explorers and traders to our present era, this book shows how the control of resources—especially water—in a fragile, highly variable environment has had profound effects on the history of Hawaii. The book examines the ways in which environmental variation repeatedly shapes human social and economic structures and how, in turn, man-made environmental degradation influences and reshapes societies. A key finding of this study is how deep structures of place interact with distinct cultural patterns across different societies to produce similar social and environmental outcomes, in both the Polynesian and modern eras—a case of historical isomorphism with profound implications for global environmental history.
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Filmer, Paul. Narratives of Progress and Tragedy in. Edited by Robert Gordon. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391374.013.0025.
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When it was first produced in 1976,Pacific Overturesattracted praise and opprobrium in almost equal measure. It was characterized by critics as both the supreme intellectual, as well as musical theatrical achievement of the Sondheim–Prince collaborations, and as the most cynical betrayal of the authentic vernacular American tradition of the musical. At a number of levels, both formal and substantive, it is a reflexive exploration of the tension between the national and global conditions of late twentieth-century American cultural identity and ambitions and their relation to the legacy of the Enlightenment origins of American society. The two levels discussed in detail are those of the relations between and modes of representation of the principal characters, and the processes of transition between traditional and modern societies. The chapter argues that the binary structure of the theatrical organization ofPacific Overturesin two sequential parts raises issues of the inevitability of the inversion of progress into tragedy.