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Jakubanecs, Alexander, and Magne Supphellen. "Cultural Embeddedness of Products." International Journal of Market Research 58, no. 2 (March 2016): 301–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-2016-016.
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This paper develops a measurement of culture on the product category level, called the cultural embeddedness of products (CEP) scale, and progresses the scale in accordance with standard procedures. It defines CEP as the degree to which a product is connected with ethnic/national culture. The centrality of national/ethnic identity and culture, and its meanings for individuals, lead us to propose CEP as predictive of consumer attitudes and intentions. In particular, we posit that CEP plays a role for local products and potential brands, similar to that played by perceived brand globalness for global brands. We validate a two-dimensional CEP scale in two cultures – American and Norwegian – and find that the scale exhibits good psychometric qualities in both. We also present the particularly consistent effects of the ethnic identity relevance dimension of CEP on attitudes and purchase intentions through perceived product quality. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for marketing research theory and practice.
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Moon, Sangkil, Arul Mishra, Himanshu Mishra, and Moon Young Kang. "Cultural and Economic Impacts on Global Cultural Products: Evidence from U.S. Movies." Journal of International Marketing 24, no. 3 (September 2016): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jim.15.0080.
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Matsui, Takeshi. "The Stigma Management of Cultural Products in Global Marketing." Journal of Marketing & Distribution 15, no. 2 (2013): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5844/jsmd.15.2_25.
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Gledhill, Christine. "Worlding Cinema." Studies in World Cinema 1, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659891-0000b0002.
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Abstract Against the narrowly commercial and homogenising term ‘world cinema’ that lumps together a diversity of ‘foreign’ films as a category, the notion of ‘the local’ relativizes the idea of the ‘national’ as a singular entity. It suggests the pivoting around each other of ‘there’ and ‘here,’ thereby avoiding precisely fixed locations and calling on the dynamism of their relationship. The local, captures not only particular geo-political locations but historical relationships, which, interacting with changing conditions, produce the shifting frameworks of thinking, feeling, experience, and aesthetic perception that shape local practices, traditions, and cultural forms. However, this specificity is often called on to endorse an authenticity uncontaminated by metropolitan sophistication or global uniformity, enabling local products to travel to an elsewhere beyond national boundaries. The value of ‘world’ over ‘global’ lies in its call on the space shared by many different nationals, whereas ‘global’ suggests the homogenisation enforced by multi-national corporate and neo-colonial Western powers. As an alternative concept, ‘trans-national’ applied to cinema has the virtue of acknowledging the existence of nationally defined geo-historical and cultural differences as well as the reality of cross-border migration of personnel, technologies, and films, along with the complexity of international co-production. However, if the term keeps the idea of the ‘national’ in place, the boundaries it marks are neither natural nor fixed. If local film genres and narrative forms function as public sites in which aesthetic histories, cultural frames of reference and social experiences feed and negotiate with each other, the question arises how far the trans-national intensification of this activity now produces a new space for an emergent ‘world imaginary’: the idea of a shared ‘world’.
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Randrianasolo, Arilova, Alexey Semenov, Mark Arnold, and Kristy Reynolds. "A model of cultural intelligence and global identity." Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, no. 7 (August 10, 2020): 821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-05-2019-3244.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose an original model of cultural intelligence (CQ), global identity and consumer willingness to buy foreign products. Previous research has discussed the relationships between CQ and global identity but only in the context of multi-cultural management teams. The research presented here proposes a model that is applicable to consumer marketing. Design/methodology/approach Online surveys are used to collect data from the USA with a snowball sampling technique and from the UK with panel data. A structural equation model (SEM) is estimated in analysis of moment structures 25 and Hayes bootstrap mediation tests are used to test the hypotheses. Findings The SEM results show that global identity influences motivational CQ, motivational CQ influences cognitive, metacognitive and behavioral CQ and cognitive and behavioral CQ influence consumer willingness to buy foreign products. Results from Hayes Bootstrap mediation tests show that motivational CQ mediates the relationships between global identity and the other three CQ dimensions. Practical implications The findings imply that firms can gauge and enhance consumer CQ levels by investigating or influencing levels of global identity; managers can influence or gauge consumer metacognitive, cognitive and behavioral CQ through motivational CQ; and managers can target consumers with high cognitive and behavioral CQ levels when marketing foreign products. Originality/value This paper not only provides a deeper understanding of the relationships between global identity and cultural intelligence but also incorporates CQ in a consumer context. Previous research has only discussed CQ in the context of managers.
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Kim, Sookhyun, Yuri Lee, Aran Jang, Yangim Lee, and Claire Lacoste Kapstein. "Global nation product equity depending on a level of cultural diffusion." Journal of Product & Brand Management 24, no. 3 (May 18, 2015): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-04-2014-0560.
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Purpose – This paper aims to propose the global nation product equity model (GNPE) to measure global consumers’ equity of a product that a country produces, especially a nation’s cultural products (i.e. culducts). The model also examines the significant difference of GNPE depending on a cultural diffusion level. GNPE model proposes that depending on the level of people’s recognition/acceptance/preference of a culture from another country (i.e. cultural diffusion level), the equity of a product from that country could be different in different countries. As variables that affect GNPE, global nation product equity in general, global nation product equity of a product category and nation cultural equity are included in the model. Design/methodology/approach – To test the model, this study developed Hallyu (Korean cultural diffusion)-related Korean culducts and measured global consumers’ equity for the Korean culducts. In all, 351 surveys were collected from China, France, England and the USA. Findings – The results show the significantly different equities and relationships among equities depending on the level of Hallyu diffusion in each country. Therefore, Korea is suggested to focus on different equities in different countries. Originality/value – This research proposed a new model that extends the previous brand equity models to non-branded products (i.e. cultural products). This model proposed new variables that affect equity of a product mentioned above and suggests different equities to improve in different countries depending on their level of cultural diffusion. Also, this cross-cultural study suggests a direction of culduct design, distribution and promotion strategies in the global market.
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LI, LIPING. "HOMOLOGICAL DIMENSIONS OF CROSSED PRODUCTS." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 59, no. 2 (June 10, 2016): 401–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089516000240.
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AbstractIn this paper, we consider several homological dimensions of crossed products AασG, where A is a left Noetherian ring and G is a finite group. We revisit the induction and restriction functors in derived categories, generalizing a few classical results for separable extensions. The global dimension and finitistic dimension of AσαG are classified: global dimension of AσαG is either infinity or equal to that of A, and finitistic dimension of AσαG coincides with that of A. A criterion for skew group rings to have finite global dimensions is deduced. Under the hypothesis that A is a semiprimary algebra containing a complete set of primitive orthogonal idempotents closed under the action of a Sylow p-subgroup S ≤ G, we show that A and AασG share the same homological dimensions under extra assumptions, extending the main results in (Li, Representations of modular skew group algebras, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.367(9) (2015), 6293–6314, Li, Finitistic dimensions and picewise hereditary property of skew group algebras, to Glasgow Math. J.57(3) (2015), 509–517).
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Zhao, Liang, Hongxue Zhou, Hosahalli Ramaswamy, and Shaojin Wang. "Developing Effective Treatment Protocols to Control Bark Beetle (Scolytidae: Dendroctonus armandi) in Wood Using Radio Frequency Heating and Forced Hot Air." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 6 (2018): 1979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12929.
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Abstract. The bark beetle (), an insect that especially attacks pine trees, has been recognized as a global infestation causing damage to forests worldwide. Radio frequency (RF) heat treatment has been proposed as a technique to replace chemical fumigation for controlling bark beetle in wood products. In this study, a 6 kW, 27.12 MHz pilot-scale RF heating unit was used in evaluating and validating a treatment protocol for disinfesting wood products infested with bark beetle. The mortality of bark beetle adults increased with increasing treatment temperature and holding time. Complete mortality was achieved by heating the samples to 50°C with an electrode gap of 120 mm and holding for 3 min under forced circulation of hot air. The quality of RF-hot air treated wood samples had no significant difference from the control group, including the main quality attributes (e.g., moisture content, checking, and bending properties). Therefore, RF-hot air thermal treatment may provide a fast, effective, and environmentally friendly treatment for disinfesting wood products that carry . Keywords: Dendroctonus armandi, Quality, Radio frequency, Verification, Wood product.
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Tao, Xu. "Making a Living." Transfers 3, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 6–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/trans.2013.030302.
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The bicycle so thoroughly transformed transportation in China that the country was known as “the land of cyclists” by the late twentieth century. Concerning the global popularization of industrial products, past research mainly focused on the interaction between the introduced commodities and their nonWestern consumers. In order to take the analysis of the modern transformation beyond Western objects and passive receivers, this article explores how Chinese people came to make a living from bicycles. This investigation traces the manifold transitions of the Chinese bicycle business in Shanghai during the tumultuous half-century from 1897 to 1949.
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Chen, Steven. "Cultural technology." International Marketing Review 33, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-07-2014-0219.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to outline a framework for marketing cultural goods (e.g. music) to global markets by examining modes of entry and positioning strategies used by media producers of the South Korean music industry. Design/methodology/approach – An historic analysis was implemented to investigate the modalities and structures through which cultural products are produced and disseminated. Data for this study came from 314 articles collected from www.allkpop.com, a leading English-language, South Korean popular culture news site. Findings – The cultural technology framework consists of the institutionalization of cultural technology, exportation of cultural content, collaborations with local talent, and joint ventures with local markets. Research limitations/implications – The findings emerge from an analysis of South Korean popular music industries, and further research is needed to generalize the results across cultural industries. Practical implications – The cultural technology framework can be applied to cultural industries such as music, film, comics, and art, where culture and language could be barriers to adoption. Originality/value – This study outlines a framework for the modes of entry and positioning strategies of cultural goods (e.g. music) in international markets. Extant literature has examined global marketing from the purview of durable consumer goods and brands, with limited insights into cultural products. More broadly, this paper addresses the call for more qualitative inquiry into international marketing topics.
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Zaidman, Nurit. "New Age Products in Local and Global Contexts." Culture and Religion 8, no. 3 (November 2007): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14755610701650230.
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Guo, Xiaoling, Martin Heinberg, and Shaoming Zou. "Enhancing Consumer Attitude Toward Culturally Mixed Symbolic Products from Foreign Global Brands in an Emerging-Market Setting: The Role of Cultural Respect." Journal of International Marketing 27, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x19843912.
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The extant literature has not examined the conditions that govern integrative and exclusionary reactions to cultural hybrid products with sufficient detail. Within an emerging-market setting, this study explores how culturally mixed symbolic products (CMSPs) from foreign global brands can avoid antagonistic consumer attitudes. Building on social categorization theory, the authors argue that foreign global brands are viewed as belonging to an out-group and may thus encounter difficulties in tapping local cultural capital, resulting in a negative relationship between brand globalness and consumer attitude toward CMSPs. However, they contend that product category moderates this relationship such that there is a stronger negative effect for nonfood products than for food products. Moreover, the authors theorize that (1) cultural respect by foreign global companies directly enhances consumer attitudes toward CMSPs and (2) cultural respect attenuates the negative brand globalness–CMSP attitude link. These hypotheses are tested using a representative consumer sample from eight provinces/municipalities in China (n = 646). Results provide important implications for global companies on how to benefit from local cultural resources in their localization processes.
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Kim, Heeyon. "Global Diffusion of Cultural Products: Intentional and Unintentional Diffusion of Korean Pop Music." Academy of Management Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (August 2017): 14853. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2017.14853abstract.
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Gammoh, Bashar S., Anthony C. Koh, and Sam C. Okoroafo. "Positioning strategies of high-tech products: cross-cultural moderating effects of ethnocentrism and cultural openness." Journal of Product & Brand Management 29, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-10-2018-2048.
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Purpose This study aims to extend current research efforts by utilizing the institutional theory to propose cross-cultural-based asymmetrical moderating effects of ethnocentrism and cultural openness on the effectiveness of global, foreign and local consumer culture brand positioning strategies of high-tech products. Design/methodology/approach This study used an experimental design in the USA (developed country) and India (developing country). Print advertisements across the two countries were used to explore the proposed moderating effects of ethnocentrism and cultural openness on consumer brand evaluations of a high-tech product under the three different consumer culture brand positioning strategies. Findings Overall, this study provided empirical evidence in support of the proposed cross-cultural asymmetrical effects. The study findings indicate that consumer ethnocentrism seems to be more important in influencing a subject’s brand evaluations across the positioning strategies in a developed country like the USA, while consumer cultural openness will be more important in influencing a subject’s brand evaluations across the positioning strategies in a developing country like India. Originality/value Despite existing research efforts on the potential benefits of positioning brands using global, foreign or local consumer cultures, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the effectiveness of these positioning strategies across different cultures. Theoretically, this research draws on the institutional theory to investigate the asymmetrical cross-cultural moderating effects of ethnocentrism and cultural openness on the effectiveness of the three-consumer culture brand positioning strategies. Managerially, this study provides empirically based suggestions for brand managers attempting to position their brands with different segments of consumers while highlighting the importance of cultural differences between developed and developing markets.
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Shin, Solee. "Niche, Ethnic and Global Operations." European Journal of East Asian Studies 16, no. 1 (2017): 5–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700615-01601006.
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Recent writings on the new media emphasise how the gateless and equalising nature of digital platforms have enabled freer circulation of cultural products around the world and increased the global visibility and popularity of non-Western media content, including popular music products. These writings, however, fail to account for the intermediary role of market participants in patterning the specific consumption and circulation of products. This paper thus comparatively examines the rise and circulation of three East Asian popular musics, J-pop, C-pop and K-pop, and how their differential spread and success have been achieved on the basis of distinctly elaborated organisational strategies in the midst of rising digitisation. The article argues that industry participants of the three East Asian locations, embedded within their respective historical, social and market environments, strategised their courses of actions differently to elaborate distinct models of musical production and circulation. The author conceptualizes each operational model as ‘niche’, ‘ethnic’ and ‘global’, respectively.
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Lin, Chih-Pin, and Tse-Ping Dong. "The antecedents and consequences of exporting cultural products." International Marketing Review 38, no. 3 (April 1, 2021): 487–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-11-2019-0262.
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PurposeAlthough recent models of place branding have proposed culture as a crucial element in establishing a strong place or nation brand, the way in which cultural products influence the brand equity of other products from the same nation has not yet been studied. This study aims to argue that when a nation has strong legal institutions, as perceived by investors and managers, it offers fertile soil for cultivating cultural products that, when exported, can act as “cultural ambassadors,” promoting the country image in the minds of consumers and the value of the country's brands.Design/methodology/approachExports of cultural products are provided by UNESCO. Valuable brands are those that brand finance included in its global top 500 most valuable brands list. The rule of law is provided by the World Bank. Panel regression models are used.FindingsSupporting the hypotheses, exports of cultural products show positive effects on the value of brands from that country, and the rule of law shows positive effects on exports of cultural products.Practical implicationsPolicymakers could improve the brand value of local firms by promoting exports of cultural products. To do so, policymakers should initiate judicial reforms that strengthen the rule of law to protect contracts and property rights.Originality/valueThis study examines the hitherto underexplored effects that a country's cultural product exports have on the brand value of firms from that country. Most prior research has focused on factors affecting imports of cultural products.
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Estruch, Ramon, Eulàlia Vendrell, Ana María Ruiz-León, Rosa Casas, Sara Castro-Barquero, and Xavier Alvarez. "Reformulation of Pastry Products to Improve Effects on Health." Nutrients 12, no. 6 (June 7, 2020): 1709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12061709.
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Obesity is increasing at an alarming rate and has been described as a global pandemic. This increase has several explanations, including an increase in caloric intake, low levels of physical activity and the nutritional composition of our diets. In addition to public health policies based on healthy dietary patterns and recommendations based on the Mediterranean and other healthy diets, food reformulation, especially of commonly consumed processed foods, such as bakery products and pastries, is needed in the fight against obesity. Among nutritional reformulation strategies, reductions in caloric density, salt, added sugar, saturated and trans-fats are important in order to reduce the associated risk of developing chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer.
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Lee, Seung‐Eun, and Mary A. Littrell. "Global e‐tailing: US consumers' intention to shop for cultural products on the internet." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 33, no. 2 (February 2005): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550510581467.
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Espinosa-Medina, Hernán D., and Enrique Uribe-Jongbloed. "Latin American contraflow in global entertainment media: Kingdom Rush series and Zambo Dende as de-localised media products." Media International Australia 163, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16686204.
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In order to shed some light on how Latin American entrepreneurs are developing products for a globalised market and attempting to overcome cultural discount by making their products more universal in their appeal, we analyse the cases of the video game Kingdom Rush from Uruguay and the Zambo Dende audio-visual project from Colombia. To provide context, the flow of entertainment media products from Latin America is first considered, with two cases then presented in order to provide insight into the processes of economic contra-flow and cultural transduction. Based on an examination of the products and in-depth interviews with the creators (and also survey responses in the case of Kingdom Rush), the findings reveal the various challenges faced by and the achievements of these small-scale entrepreneurs to reach a global market. We pay particular attention to the way in which the products achieve global appeal to mitigate negative effects associated with the geographical and cultural origin of a product.
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Lauronen, Tina, Riie Heikkilä, and Semi Purhonen. "Cultural globalization on the printed page: Stability and change in the proportion of foreign cultural products in European quality newspapers, 1960–2010." Acta Sociologica 62, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0001699318780977.
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To bring empirical scrutiny to the often very general and theory-driven debates on cultural globalization and to broaden the geographical scope of previous studies on the topic, this paper presents an analysis of the changes in the relative weight of national and global culture in the culture sections of quality European newspapers from 1960 to 2010. Through content analysis of newspaper articles, the paper examines how the composition of geographical origin of the cultural products discussed has changed over a half-century. The paper asks whether globalizing trends exist in newspaper coverage of culture or whether coverage of national culture remains dominant; to what degree is there variation, based on the art form discussed; and whether newspapers embedded in their national contexts differ from each other in these respects. The results show only a moderate increase in coverage of global products. However, clear trends were found that are associated with both the geographical origin of cultural products and the art forms discussed in the articles, highlighting that post-1960s cultural globalization is best understood as being intertwined with the rise of popular culture and the corresponding decline of traditional – and very European – highbrow culture.
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Kuenzer, Claudia, Patrick Leinenkugel, Matthias Vollmuth, and Stefan Dech. "Comparing global land-cover products – implications for geoscience applications: an investigation for the trans-boundary Mekong Basin." International Journal of Remote Sensing 35, no. 8 (April 2, 2014): 2752–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.890305.
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Soubbotina, T. "Russia at the Crossroads: Two Roads to Global Economic Competitiveness." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2006): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2006-2-46-64.
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Relying on a wide range of foreign sources, the author presents the concept of "high" and "low" roads to national economic competitiveness and argues that, over the past fifteen years, the Russian economy has been gradually slipping down toward the "low road" and "immiserising economic growth". Russia is in urgent need of a visionary national strategy of integration into global market economy that would take into account the world-wide dominance of post-industrial "knowledge economy". Current government economic policy should focus on creating enabling conditions for Russian companies to learn to compete with the leading trans-national corporations on their own terms, i.e. mostly by enhancing their products’ and services’ innovativeness and attractiveness for the most demanding global consumers rather than by minimizing costs and prices.
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Zrazhevska, Nina. "Cultural Imperialism in the Discourse of Globalization (Subjective Factors)." Current Issues of Mass Communication, no. 18 (2015): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2312-5160.2015.18.22-32.
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In this research the subjective reasons for the expansion of global culture in local cultures are explored. The main objective is to analyze the subjective factors of the cultural imperialism and to show that psychological, marketing and technological factors are no less important than ideological and economic reasons of globalization. The methodology of research is based on cultural approach to the process of cultural imperialism, which describes at least four main scenarios of globalization. The first scenario is a global homogenization and cultural unification under the influence of “cultural imperialism”. The second scenario, “peripheral corruption” is the expansion of the Western culture to the peripheral segments in a global world, where the peripheral cultures filtrate and adapt the global cultural products. The third scenario is a “mosaic” culture of the isolated competing cultures of the hostile civilizations. The fourth scenario is an open egalitarian world with intense cultural exchange. We conclude that the subjective aspects of cultural globalization relate to the production of discourse, in which great narratives are challenged by the diversity of consumption practices. Given that globalization policy involves multiculturalism, the multiplicity of identities triggered by the virtualization technologies causes the new forms of cultural interaction and allows playing with different cultural contexts. The cultural imperialism is caused by the interpenetration of cultures resulting from the multicultural policy of the Western countries, that creates the effect of self-identity within the global cultural discourse. Cultural imperialism takes place due to the media-globalization, since the media-culture dominates in contemporary cultural discourse. In the contemporary socio-cultural environment, the media acquired global significance and technologically expanded human capabilities. A distinctive feature of the modern technologies is their potential to not only extend human capabilities, but also to significantly influence humanity, change human’s perception of the world and of oneself. Based on the cultural approach to the problem of globalization, we substantiate that in contemporary Ukraine the second scenario of cultural imperialism (“peripheral corruption”) dominates. It filtrates the globalized cultural products and adapts them for itself.
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Rankin, Bruce, and Murat Ergin. "Cultural omnivorousness in Turkey." Current Sociology 65, no. 7 (April 7, 2016): 1070–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392116634817.
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Recent cultural consumption research has drawn attention to the emergence of the high status ‘cultural omnivore,’ that is, individuals who consume a wide range of cultural products, including the expected ‘high culture,’ but more ‘popular’ forms as well. Initially reported in studies conducted in the developed West, this study broadens the basis of comparison by investigating the case of Turkey – a non-western, predominantly Muslim, developing country with a long history of state-led westernization. Using data from a nationally representative survey of adults, the study examines 34 cultural tastes in three domains – music, food, and literature – and participation in five different cultural activities for evidence of an omnivorous pattern. The items used include indicators of ‘high’ and ‘popular’ culture, as well as ‘local’ and ‘global/western’ culture. The results of a latent class analysis clearly identify an omnivorous group. A distinctive feature of the Turkish cultural field is that groups are largely defined by their orientation towards local versus global forms, with omnivores consuming both, in contrast to groups that restrict their diet to ‘local’ forms. Further analysis shows that, similar to studies in other contexts, Turkish omnivorousness is associated with higher social position, especially education and income. Omnivores also tend to be younger and more secular in their views towards the role of religion in the public sphere. The article concludes that, in addition to the high/popular distinction, the local/global is a critical symbolic boundary shaping cultural identities in Turkey.
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Guillot, Marie-Noëlle. "Cross-cultural pragmatics and audiovisual translation." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 28, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 288–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.28.2.09gui.
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Abstract In this article, audiovisual translation (AVT) is considered contrastively from a cross-cultural pragmatics perspective, in its uses of language across languages and cultures. This inevitably broaches questions of linguistic and cultural representation, critical in a world in which the global availability of cultural products is ever greater. They are a main focus in this paper, with related questions about the development of subtitling and dubbing language as idiosyncratic varieties and expressive media, and implications for representation and its impact on audiences. AVT research has had many challenges to confront in its early days and these are relatively uncharted territories. Yet current developments like fansubbing and other crowdsourcing activities are re-defining the name of the game and heralding significant changes, in AVT practices and in the ways they and the products and responses they generate are accounted for in research (as evidenced in emerging re-evaluations of quality and subjectivity, e.g.; see Pérez-González 2012, 2014). These are central concerns in mapping the way forward.
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GIGAURI, LALI, and EKA DEVIDZE. "INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE AS AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGIA." Globalization and Business 4, no. 7 (June 25, 2019): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2019.07.022.
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The article offers an alternative innovative approach to tourism product (Intangible Cultural Heritage-based) development in Georgia. As the trends of global travel market assume, increasingly demanded products become the ones offering unique and profound cultural experience, deep emotions and feelings that derive from a participation in the authentic cultural activity. The study suggests to explore and further promote Georgian intangible cultural heritage for the purpose of supporting better representation of regions of Georgia in tourist offers, creating ,,Niche” products, raising awareness and increasing self-involvement in the process.
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GIGAURI, LALI, and EKA DEVIDZE. "INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE AS AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN GEORGIA." Globalization and Business 4, no. 7 (June 25, 2019): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.35945/gb.2019.07.022.
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The article offers an alternative innovative approach to tourism product (Intangible Cultural Heritage-based) development in Georgia. As the trends of global travel market assume, increasingly demanded products become the ones offering unique and profound cultural experience, deep emotions and feelings that derive from a participation in the authentic cultural activity. The study suggests to explore and further promote Georgian intangible cultural heritage for the purpose of supporting better representation of regions of Georgia in tourist offers, creating ,,Niche” products, raising awareness and increasing self-involvement in the process.
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Huang, Chih‐Wen, and Ai‐Ping Tai. "A Cross‐cultural comparison of customer value perceptions for products: consumer aspects in East Asia." Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13527600310797685.
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With increasing competition in the global marketplace, a prime and basic question for many enterprises is how to construct a global strategy for existing product mixes through standardization or localization, so as to achieve success in regional or local markets. The purpose of this paper is to investigate customer value perceptions of products, to view what variables are important to consumers, and lastly to make comparisons via a cross‐cultural study. Using the same survey method to collect data from Taipei (Taiwan), Seoul (South Korea), Shanghai (China), and Tokyo (Japan), perceived customer values of products were collected together in a List of customer values. The results yielded a wide array of both crosscultural differences and similarities in East Asia.
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Morgan, Marcyliena, and Dionne Bennett. "Hip-Hop & the Global Imprint of a Black Cultural Form." Daedalus 140, no. 2 (April 2011): 176–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00086.
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Hip-hop, created by black and Latino youth in the mid-1970s on the East Coast of the United States, is now represented throughout the world. The form's core elements – rapping, deejaying, breaking (dance), and graffiti art – now join an ever-growing and diversifying range of artistic, cultural, intellectual, political, and social practices, products, and performances. The artistic achievements of hip-hop represent a remarkable contribution to world culture; however, the “hip-hop nation” has created not just art and entertainment, but art with the vision and message of changing the world – locally, nationally, and globally. International representations of hip-hop capture and reinterpret hip-hop's history by incorporating local as well as African American aesthetic, cultural, social, and political models. This essay examines the global movement of the hip-hop nation and its artistic incorporation into global youth culture. It considers how that movement is both a social and political process that integrates symbols of African American culture and political struggle.
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Nam, Hyoryung, and P. K. Kannan. "Digital Environment in Global Markets: Cross-Cultural Implications for Evolving Customer Journeys." Journal of International Marketing 28, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x19898767.
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Digital technologies and digital media are changing the environments in which firms interact with customers. However, the evolution of digital organizational forms, customer technology use, and the nature of customer journeys differ significantly across global markets. Drawing on observations of customer journeys across different international markets, the authors propose a framework to explain the observed differences in terms of the cross-cultural and socioeconomic factors that influence customer journeys. The authors put forth several propositions built on logical extensions of the extant research findings and identify areas for future academic research. In addition, they outline the managerial implications arising from the application of the framework for multinational firms seeking to market their products and services across global markets.
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Keane, Michael. "Going global or going nowhere? Chinese media in a time of flux." Media International Australia 159, no. 1 (March 27, 2016): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16638937.
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This article focuses on how Chinese media industries have sought to expand into new territories, identifying several mechanisms by which Chinese cultural and media products are traded and consumed: namely finished content, co-productions, formats and online platforms. The article also considers the value of overseas location shooting for domestic programmes and acquisition of international media assets. The key idea that is discussed in regards to China’s outward-bound trade mission is know-how. In respect to media production, producers tend to opt for risk avoidance rather than creative exploration. Consequently, Chinese producers, investors and practitioners are deficient in knowledge of international markets and audience perceptions because the government has chosen to intervene, select and guide Chinese products. The article suggests this is gradually changing.
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Ng, Sharon, and Shankha Basu. "Global Identity and Preference for Environmentally Friendly Products: The Role of Personal Responsibility." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 50, no. 8 (September 2019): 919–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022119873432.
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This research tests the idea that a salient global identity positively affects people’s willingness to pay for environmentally friendly products. Results from a large-scale multi-nation survey ( N = 75,934) as well as two studies ( N = 322) conducted in Singapore supported this prediction. We found that participants with a more (vs. less) dominant global identity indicated greater support for environmentally friendly products and exhibited increased pro-environmental behavior. We further show that the effect is driven by a stronger feeling of personal responsibility toward the environment among individuals who possess a dominant global identity. Findings from this research suggest that the formation of stronger global identity, a psychological consequence of increasing globalization, can have an important impact on people’s pro-environmental behavior.
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Garofalo, Damiano, Dom Holdaway, and Massimo Scaglioni. "Canned Television Going Global." Canned TV Going Global 9, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/view.257.
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This special issue of VIEW focuses on the international circulation and distribution of ready-made content, in the form of scripted products. The following essays share an interest in considering the nuances in power dynamics (adaptation, localization, revision) that are bound to any transnational movements. They also address a fruitful variety of problems and points of view that signal the wider potential of this field of research: the transnational circulation of TV content and the currently used market strategies; common ground and cultural proximity in certain cultural groups and/or regions; the role of European countries and markets in the development of international distributed content, and their impact beyond the continent; the emerging role of OTT services in the internationalization of programming; the growing role played by curation and personalization in order to gain a competitive edge; the functions of “niche” content (such as arts programming) and or particular audience groups (such as the LGBTQIA+ community and its allies), and how these adapt to border-crossings; co-productions, but also co-distributions between different countries (such as China and the UK); processes of localizing and adapting foreign ready-made content, for example through dubbing, subtitling and voice overs; and the role of bottom-up circulation.
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Röschenthaler, Ute. "Chinese Green Tea in Mali, Cultural Mobility and African Agency in the Global South." African and Asian Studies 19, no. 1-2 (April 21, 2020): 133–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341449.
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Abstract The paper offers insights from ethnographic research that reach beyond general assumptions of the working of globalization, especially in the Global South. It examines the ways in which the arrival of products made in China, namely green tea, has influenced the everyday of people in Mali, modifying consumption practices and the business landscape. Chinese green tea, which is known in the Sahel countries of West Africa since the 19th century, has gradually found more and more consumers in Mali, so that from the 2000s onwards tons of green tea arrive every month in the country. Most Malians, the paper shows, consume green tea several times a day and identify with the beverage to such an extent that it has even become their national drink. The paper further shows how, in spite of concerns of product durability and health standard, other industrially manufactured Chinese commodities, too, have replaced locally-made products but, at the same time, enabled people to connect to a global lifestyle. In essence, the insights the paper provides from ethnographic research on the circulation of green tea deepen understanding of how Chinese commodities become culturally appropriated or integrated with local everyday practices.
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He, Jiaxun, and Cheng Lu Wang. "How global brands incorporating local cultural elements increase consumer purchase likelihood." International Marketing Review 34, no. 4 (July 10, 2017): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-08-2014-0272.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of incorporating Chinese elements in global brands on consumer purchase likelihood. Design/methodology/approach Six global brand products from three categories that utilized Chinese elements are used to test hypotheses. The Total Effect Moderation Model is used to analyze by combining moderation and mediation under a general analytical framework. Findings The results show that cultural compatibility has direct positive effect, in addition to an indirect effect (through local iconness) on purchase likelihood. Meanwhile, consumer cultural identity is found to moderate the impact of brand local iconness on purchase likelihood. Practical implications Evaluation and improvement of cultural compatibility in a global brand that incorporates Chinese elements is recommended for multinational marketers entering Chinese consumer markets. Meanwhile, marketers should pay attention to consumer cultural identity in the market segmentation process. Originality/value This paper takes a unique perspective to investigate whether and how global brands can succeed when adding local cultural elements to the product design, packaging and promotion in emerging markets like China.
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Sykes, Katie. "Globalization and the Animal Turn: How International Trade Law Contributes to Global Norms of Animal Protection." Transnational Environmental Law 5, no. 1 (March 10, 2016): 55–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102516000054.
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AbstractMany animal and environmental activists think of international trade law as a block to the achievement of their goals and perceive the World Trade Organization (WTO) as a threat to animals. Yet, the first legal decision of an international tribunal to devote careful, sustained attention to animal welfare issues comes from the WTO, in the EC – Seal Products decision. This article argues that international trade law is currently an important, although under-acknowledged, locus for the development of global norms concerning the protection of animals, and that animal conservation and animal welfare can be seen as aspects of a single overarching principle of animal protection. International trade law contributes to animal protection in two ways. Firstly, WTO jurisprudence has recognized animal protection as a legitimate basis for invoking exceptions to trade rules (as in EC – Seal Products). Secondly, international trade negotiations enhance cooperation on the implementation and enforcement of existing conservation obligations (as in the new Trans-Pacific Partnership’s Environment Chapter).
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Ma, Li. "Strategy Study on National Tourism Clothing Cultural of Guilin Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 2335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.2335.
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For some of the problems that exist in the current the Guilin Tourism Clothing cultural resources product development, In this paper, from the tourist costume culture resources should be associated with other tourism resources development; Increase in Guilin tourism clothing culture and the characteristics of product design and development; Add dress culture involved in tourism products; Make full use of the festival activities and related platform; Strengthen the intermediary function of guide information transmission and channels to strengthen tourism apparel product design and development of these six aspects jointly develop tourism apparel products, And can stand on the height of the global integration, based on its national cultural characteristic, carries on the reasonable and effective protection and development.
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Casas Tost, Helena, and Sara Rovira Esteva. "Un análisis traductológico e intercultural de la literatura popular china: el caso de las ‘escritoras guapas’*." TRANS. Revista de Traductología, no. 12 (September 25, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24310/trans.2008.v0i12.3136.
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Para entender la aparición y la repercusión de las obras de las llamadas «escritoras guapas» (meinü zuojia) hay que partir de una aproximación interdisciplinaria (combinando la antropología cultural y los estudios de traducción) que permita leerlo también en clave china, es decir, conocer las circunstancias que envuelven este fenómeno socio-literario en el contexto donde se engendran, así como las que permiten que se conviertan en un producto cultural global y nos lleguen traducidas. Como punto de partida tomamos prestada la idea de García- Canclini (2004) de relacionar los conceptos de desigualdad, diferencia y desconexión para analizar hasta qué punto la imagen que se proyecta de ellas de exclusión de la cultura dominante, es un elemento más con el que juegan las editoriales como parte de su estrategia comercial. Finalmente, analizaremos cuál es el papel de todos los integrantes de este proceso (autoras, lectores, editoriales y traductores.
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Choi, Eunjoo. "Development of Shirt Design Applying Traditional Clothing Design in Northeast Asia Region : Global Fashion Cultural Products." Fashion & Textile Research Journal 22, no. 4 (August 31, 2020): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5805/sfti.2020.22.4.446.
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Lee, Yu Lim, Minji Jung, Robert Jeyakumar Nathan, and Jae-Eun Chung. "Cross-National Study on the Perception of the Korean Wave and Cultural Hybridity in Indonesia and Malaysia Using Discourse on Social Media." Sustainability 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2020): 6072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12156072.
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In the era of globalization, due to the prevalent cultural exchange between countries, inflows of foreign cultural products can enrich local culture by hybridizing local and global culture together. Although there have been numerous studies on cultural hybridity using qualitative interviews with recipients of foreign cultural products in single countries, cross-national studies that examine the national characteristics that facilitate or impede cultural hybridity remain scarce. The purpose of the present study is to identify the factors that promote or hinder cultural hybridity between the Korean Wave and Muslim culture by probing the similarities and differences in social media data on Korean cultural products between Indonesia and Malaysia using a semantic network analysis. The results of the study uncovered the three factors that promote cultural hybridity (‘Asian identity’, policies emphasizing ‘unity in ethnic diversity’, and ‘local consumers xenocentrism’) and the two hindering elements (‘a conservative nature of religion’ and ‘discrimination between ethnic groups’). Theoretical contributions and practical implications are also provided for promoting cultural hybridity.
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Barreiro Carril, Beatriz. "How Can China Influence the Transatlantic Governance of Cultural Products in the Digital Age?" Journal of World Investment & Trade 19, no. 3 (May 3, 2018): 444–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340096.
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Abstract Cultural products were a problematic issue in the negotiations of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). The maintenance of the cultural exception – the exclusion of audiovisual products from some trade rules – was at stake at the beginning of the negotiations. The Europeans argued for the exception, while the United States were more interested in the liberalization of web-based cultural products than in the liberalization of traditional ones. Since the TTIP aimed to remove obstacles not only between European and American markets but also to set out global regulatory rules, China took a keen interest in the negotiations. This article shows how China is acting in the international legal sphere in order to improve its power in the field of cultural products and the effects of this on transatlantic negotiations. It also suggests some actions the European Union can take in order to defend its position in future negotiations.
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Chang, Tsen Yao, Kuo Li Huang, and Kung Hung Chen. "Culture-Driven Product: Creating an Cultural Engagement with Historical Heritage." Applied Mechanics and Materials 311 (February 2013): 366–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.311.366.
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While facing an increasingly borderless competitive global economic environment, the development of culture-driven products industries has become the dominant issues of the local economic policy. Attracting tourism by pushing the interest of people to the local culture, particularly through consuming experiences of culture-driven products, is a current trend in urban competitiveness. Cultural products are popular instruments representing local culture. They translate messages, narrate memories and historical events, and establish an emotional connection with people. This study explores the possibility of using cultural products as a city marketing strategy for the former Tainan State Magistrate Residence, which can be integrated with other cultural zones to represent Tainan City. The Tainan City government registered it as a city-level historical heritage site and completed its restoration and reuse plan in 2000. However, no practical marketing strategy has been formulated to promote the site and to raise cultural awareness among both locals and tourists. The present study adopts an empirical case generated from an outing course: a one-day cultural learning tour involving 61 student participants in the former Tainan State Magistrate Residence. Many rich identifiable cultural features were derived from the experience of the participants, which were transformed into unique and irreplaceable cultural product ideations. The findings of the case study provide a clear understanding of the dynamic relationship among cultural products, city heritage, and city marketing, which strengthens the potential of cultural storytelling through the design of cultural products for city image promotion and urban regeneration. They provide practical designers, urban planners, and policy makers a view of the importance of cultural communication media through products.
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Bruun, Hanne. "Global tv-genre og komplekse nærhedsoplevelser." Dansk Sociologi 13, no. 2 (April 3, 2006): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v13i2.494.
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Hanne Bruun: A global TV-genre and the complexity of proximity
Television is often considered an agent of cultural globalization, and the American television industry is often equated with globalization in part due to the ability of its genre’s to travel. Media reception studies show the viewers’ expectations of a genre are influenced by these television genres. But such studies also show that the cultural origin of television products plays an important role in viewers’ experiences. This article presents a study of young Danish women’s experience of viewing two daytime talk shows: the Ricki Lane Show and the Danish show Det Nye Synnøve (TV Danmark 1999). The article discusses two main findings. The first is that the daytime talk show is a transnational and, in some respects, a global television genre. It is part of a global television culture, which means that local or national productions must comply with viewers’ genre expectations in order to succeed. The Danish viewers of the American show found that it had important qualities. It broke the boundaries of sociability by offering an emotionally provocative yet attractive display of private emotions and behavior. At the same time it offered a melodramatic treatment of relevant basic human emotional and moral conflicts. In short the American show offers emotional proximity. The Danish show did not offer this kind of emotional proximity and the viewers rejected it. The second finding concerns the function of cultural origins, and that cultural origin seems crucial for the viewers of the American show. The American-ness of The Ricki Lake Show makes it ‘an emotion safe zone’, while the cultural basis of the Danish show represent a dilemma of social proximity for the viewers. The article discusses the sense of national mentality and national identity that the women display in their experience of the two TV programs. It concludes with a discussion of how a genre approach to studies of television as an agent of cultural globalization can be fruitful.
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Karasova, Nataliia. "Organic production as an innovative trend in export-oriented development of Ukraine's agriculture." Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development 36, no. 2 (June 11, 2014): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/mts.2014.027.
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Despite the global economic slowdown, the sales of organic products on the international market continue to grow, and their production is becoming one of the most promising directions in agriculture. Given Ukraine's natural resources, export-oriented production of organic products has great potential. The purpose of this survey – to analyze the current trends on the global market for organic products, as well as the potential for organic farming in Ukraine, and to find the prospects and ways to develop exports. Using of general logical methods of induction and deduction, analyzing the trends on the global market for organic products and the potential of Ukraine's agriculture, organizational, economic, socio-cultural and regulatory conditions for the development of organic production in Ukraine are distinguished. The factors and promising directions of Ukraine's export specialization on the world market for organic products are explored, major methods of stimulating and supporting exporting producers are suggested.
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Meadows, Aurora Dawn, Sydney A. Swanson, Thomas M. Galligan, Olga V. Naidenko, Nathaniel O’Connell, Sean Perrone-Gray, and Nneka S. Leiba. "Packaged Foods Labeled as Organic Have a More Healthful Profile Than Their Conventional Counterparts, According to Analysis of Products Sold in the U.S. in 2019–2020." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (August 29, 2021): 3020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13093020.
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The organic food market’s recent rapid global growth reflects the public’s interest in buying certified organic foods, including packaged products. Our analysis shows that packaged foods containing fewer ingredients associated with negative public health outcomes are more likely to be labeled organic. Previous studies comparing organic and conventional foods focused primarily on nutrient composition. We expanded this research by additionally examining ingredient characteristics, including processing and functional use. Our dataset included nutrition and ingredient data for 8240 organic and 72,205 conventional food products sold in the U.S. from 2019 to 2020. Compared to conventional foods, organic foods in this dataset had lower total sugar, added sugar, saturated fat and sodium content. Using a mixed effects logistic regression, we found that likelihood of classification as organic increased as sodium content, added sugar content and the number of ultra-processed ingredients and cosmetic additives on the product label decreased. Products containing no trans-fat ingredients were more likely to be labeled organic. A product was more likely to be classified “organic” the more potassium it contained. These features of organic foods sold in the U.S. are significant because lower dietary ingestion of ultra-processed foods, added sugar, sodium and trans-fats is associated with improved public health outcomes.
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Asnawi, Nur, Badri Munir Sukoco, and Muhammad Asnan Fanani. "Halal products consumption in international chain restaurants among global Moslem consumers." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 5 (November 29, 2018): 1273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-11-2017-0495.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of global Moslem consumers on consuming halal products in international chain restaurants. The hypotheses are proposed based on the integration of theory of planned behavior (TPB) and identity theory–religiosity. Design/methodology/approach The survey method was used to test the proposed hypotheses by using PLS. A total of 296 out of 407 questionnaires were collected among global Moslem students in a big city of Indonesia. Findings The results indicate that perceived behavioral control and religiosity is the significant predictor of the intention to consume halal products in international chain restaurants. Surprisingly, attitudes toward halal products and subjective norms have no significant effects on their intention. Research limitations/implications This study mainly investigates from international students’ perspectives, and future studies could diversify the respondents. Further, although the studies were done in the biggest Moslem populated country, conducting a multi-country study further validates the results of this study. Additional variables, such as personality or cross-cultural variables, could enhance the prediction of the developed model. Originality/value This study proposes religiosity as an important predictor of halal products consumption among global consumers, which increases the predictive capability of TPB. The results suggest that it is important for managers and governments all products targeted for global Moslem consumers to be halal certified.
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Cañas-Bajo, Jose, and Johanna M. Silvennoinen. "Cross-Cultural Factors in Experiencing Online Video Contents in Product Marketing." International Journal of Art, Culture and Design Technologies 6, no. 1 (January 2017): 40–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijacdt.2017010103.
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Although online shops represent convenient tools to buy and sell products, they do not offer as rich multisensory experiences than physical retailing offers. Audio-visual contents could provide dynamic multisensory information and offer more engaging experiences. However, to be successful, audio-visual contents need to be adjusted to the cultural characteristics of the users. This manuscript presents a study in which Spanish and Finnish participants interacted with audiovisual products depicting videos of the brand design. Through content analysis of participants' verbalizations, the authors identified categories and subcategories that defined the representation of the video elements and their relative weight depending on the cultural background of the viewer. Although results indicate common elements affecting viewers of the two countries, they differ in the relative weight to global aesthetics features. The results of this study can be utilized in designing audio-visual representations of products for online shops taking into account the cultural factors affecting the design practice.
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Drewry, Jessica L., J. Mark Powell, and Christopher Y. Choi. "Design and Calibration of Chambers for the Measurement of Housed Dairy Cow Gaseous Emissions." Transactions of the ASABE 60, no. 4 (2017): 1291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12046.
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Abstract. The increased global demand for milk and other dairy products over the past decade has heightened concerns about the potential for increased environmental impacts. Accurate measurement of gas emissions from dairy cows is essential to assess the effects of cow diets and other management practices on both the composition and rate of gas emissions. In this article, methodologies are described to instrument, calibrate, and assess the uncertainty of gas emissions by cows housed in chambers that simulate production settings. The supply and exhaust ducts of each chamber were equipped with pitot tubes, temperature and relative humidity probes, and gas samplers to monitor airflow rates, gas composition, and gas emission rates. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) instrument was used to quantify gaseous concentrations in the gas samples on a semi-continuous basis. The measurement uncertainty of the rate of gaseous emission from the chambers was quantified, and gas concentration and differential pressure, as measured by the pitot tubes, were identified as the primary parameters contributing to gas emission uncertainties. Mass recovery tests determined that the recovery of methane from each chamber was within 10% of the released mass. Fan operating curves were experimentally determined to identify optimum differential chamber pressures to minimize gas leakage from the chambers. A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to assess air mixing patterns and define steady-state conditions. The model was validated with experimental data of air velocity within each chamber. These procedures will facilitate accurate measurement of gas emissions from housed dairy cows and provide a laboratory to test various gas mitigation treatments. Keywords: Computational fluid dynamics, Dairy, Emission chamber.
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Andrews, David L., Ben Carrington, Steven J. Jackson, and Zbigniew Mazur. "Jordanscapes: A Preliminary Analysis of the Global Popular." Sociology of Sport Journal 13, no. 4 (December 1996): 428–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.13.4.428.
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Over the last decade, a voluminous debate has evolved around the concept of globalization, prompting Featherstone and Lash (1995) to identify this multifaceted phenomenon as replacing modernity and postmodernity as the central thematic within current cultural theorizing (for example, see Appadurai, 1990; McGrew, 1992; Robertson, 1995; Wallerstein, 1990). In light of this claim, the goal of this paper is to examine the interconnections and disjunctures that distinguish the complex relationship between global media and local meaning within the context of contemporary transnational sport culture. Specifically, the paper uses Michael Jordan—a vivid example of the “export to the entire world” (Kellner, 1995, p. 5) of much of America’s commodity-sign culture—as a vehicle for critically exploring the relationship between globally mediated cultural products, and the cultural contingencies of three markedly distinct localized contexts. Such a task will be realized by reconstructing Jordan’s location and significance within particular domains of contemporary New Zealand, Polish, and British cultures. In this way, we hope to provide a preliminary analysis of the global-local nexus as it pertains to the transnationally imaged and commodified expressions of American sporting culture.
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Lee, Hye-Kyung. "Participatory media fandom: A case study of anime fansubbing." Media, Culture & Society 33, no. 8 (November 2011): 1131–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443711418271.
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Recent years have seen the rise of consumers’ voluntary translation and distribution of foreign cultural products on a global scale. Such a practice not only facilitates the grassroots globalization of culture but also questions the cultural industries’ current model of global distribution. This article explores the nature and implications of fan-translation and distribution of cultural commodities through a case study of English fansubbing of anime (subtitling of Japanese animation in English). Anime fansubbing is situated at the disjuncture of the global mediascape, which intensifies with the increasing public access to means to copy and share, the expansion of collective knowledge and the rise of fans’ voluntary labour coordinated on a global scale. It exemplifies participatory media fandom whose globalization exceeds that of cultural industries in terms of extent and velocity. The article argues that fansubbing, pursued as a hobby, can unsettle the global mediascape by allowing multiple mediations of cultural text and presenting a new model of content distribution and its organization based on consumers’ voluntary work.