To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Transactional model of stress.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transactional model of stress'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Transactional model of stress.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Newness, Kerry A. "Stress and Coping Style: An Extension to the Transactional Cognitive-Appraisal Model." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/346.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the current research was to integrate multiple theories of stress appraisals and to empirically test two separate transactional cognitive-appraisal models. It was predicted that the core self-evaluation personality characteristics and motivation orientation would moderate the relationship between challenge and hindrance stressors and coping style. Furthermore, it was predicted that coping would buffer the adverse effects of stress on domain performance and satisfaction. A series of multiple regression analyses were conducted to investigate the predicted moderators. Results suggest that core self-evaluations moderate the relationship between challenge stress and problem-focused coping as predicted in the challenge model but not for the hindrance stress model. Coping style did not significantly buffer the negative effects of stress on performance or satisfaction. Overall, the results provide partial support for the challenge-hindrance framework within the transactional appraisal model of stress.
2
Lopez, Jody D. "HEALTHY AND MALADAPTIVE COPING STRATEGIES AMONG MASTER OF SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/23.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to explore healthy and maladaptive coping strategies among MSW students. The data was collected using self‑reported questionnaires. A total of 47 students participated in this study. Using the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping as a theoretical framework, this study assessed stress levels using the Perceived Stress Scale. The Brief COPE instrument measured coping strategies. The study found relationships between stressors and maladaptive coping and perceived stress. The study recommends that future research on coping strategies among MSW students include greater attention to training MSW students how to deal with stress during their MSW educational programs.
3
Roberts, Polly Sheffield. "Alleviating Stress in Clergy Wives: The Development and Formative Evaluation of a Psychoeducational Group Intervention." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27362.
Full textAbstract:
The study addressed the problem that, although researchers have clearly identified areas of stress for clergy wives and suggested the use of counseling services, they have not identified effective counseling interventions. Clergy wives referred to non-clergy women married to Protestant clergymen. The study included (a) the development of Clergy Wife Wings (CWW), a 5-session psychoeducational group plan for 6 to 10 clergy wives, to alleviate ministry-related stress and (b) the formative evaluation of the plan in its first implementation. Conclusions drawn suggested that CWW showed good potential as an intervention in helping clergy wives to move towards alleviation of stress but needed revisions and additional implementation and evaluation. Recommendations provided a detailed list of specific revisions.
CWW had an outcome goal for participants of decreasing ministry-related stress, particularly in three targeted stress domains: role expectations and time demands, clergy family boundary intrusiveness, and lack of social support. As presented in the literature review, the theoretical foundations in stress came from the multimodal-transactional model of stress and its treatment (Palmer, S. & Dryden, W., 1995) and from REBT. The literature review also contained, after a summary of the history of clergy wives, an overview of the plan, with references supporting the components. The plan included pre and post-group testing with two clergy-wife stress assessment instruments -- adaptations of the Clergy Family Life Inventory (Blanton, P., Morris, L, & Anderson, D., 1990) and of the Normative Stress Scale for Clergy Wives (Huebner, 1998).
The formative evaluation of the group plan, in its first implementation, identified themes concerning effectiveness, strengths, weaknesses, and suggestions for improvement. These themes emerged from the qualitative analysis of various documents completed by the 9 participants, the group facilitator, and a group observer. Qualitative findings suggested effectiveness of Clergy Wife Wings through themes of participant perceptions and of reported changes in their thinking and behavior related to stress. Quantitative findings, however, from the pre and post-group measures on the clergy-wife stress instruments did not suggest effectiveness, except for a significant decrease in stress related to two of 35 stressor statements. Discussion included possible reasons for the disparity between findings.<br>Ph. D.
4
Harris-Dale, Gillian. "Constructs of Coping for Adult Victims of Bullying." ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7970.
Full textAbstract:
Bullying is a pervasive event that affects individuals in a variety of ways. For example, bullied individuals display an array of psychological and related psychosocial problems associated with victimization. There is a push for a transformation in the bullying paradigm to include the psychological and psychosocial symptomologies of both the perpetrator and victim. This study addressed the lack of qualitative research on coping mechanisms for adult victims of bullying. Due to the pervasive nature of the phenomena, the following was explored: (a) descriptions of bullying as expressed by adult victims, (b) adult victims' coping processes and methods, and (c) adult victims' emotional responses to being bullied. A qualitative phenomenological research approach was applied to understand the lived experiences of this population. The theoretical framework was based on Folkman and Lazarus's transactional model of stress and coping. Eight individuals participated in the study and face-to-face interviews were conducted with each participant. Based on the results of interviews and thematic analysis, the majority of participants (34%) reported that job-related demands and coercion such as social exclusion, cyberthreats, verbal abuse, sexual abuse, job-related intimidation, and physical harm were the main forms of bullying experienced. The coping process adopted by 62% of the participants was to remain calm during the bullying incident. However, 62% used retaliatory confrontation as their main coping method. Mental stress was the main emotional response to bullying. The findings of this study can inform the adoption of positive social change policy actions that promote resiliency among bullied adults at the community level and within organizational settings.
5
Bruursema, Kari. "Leadership Style and the Link with Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB): An Investigation Using the Job-Stress/CWB Model." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001015.
Full text
6
Mawdsley, Helena Pan. "The Transactional Relation between Child Behavior Problems and Parenting Stress and the Impact of Coping and Social Support within Families who have Children with Developmental Disabilities." Thesis, Boston College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1567.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Penny Hauser-Cram<br>This study is a secondary data analysis of data from the Early Intervention Collaborative Study (EICS) (Hauser-Cram, Warfield, Shonkoff, & Krauss, 2001), a longitudinal investigation of families who have children with developmental disabilities (DD) (i.e. Down syndrome, motor impairment, and developmental delay). The study investigated a transactional relation between child problem behavior and parenting stress during the early (ages 3 to 5 years) and middle childhood (ages 5 to 10 years) years. Parental planful problem solving coping and positive reappraisal coping and the helpfulness of social support were examined as moderators of the relation between child problem behavior and parenting stress from the ages 3 to 5 years. Child problem behavior and parents' levels of stress, coping strategies, and ratings of social support were collected during home visits with the families when children were 3, 5, and 10 years. Using hierarchical regression techniques a transactional relation was found between child problem behavior and parenting stress from ages 3 to 5 years for both mother-child and father-child dyads. A transactional relation was again found between these constructs from ages 5 to 10 years for only mother-child dyads. Maternal positive reappraisal coping significantly moderated the relation between child problem behavior and maternal parenting stress. Maternal report of the helpfulness of social support significantly moderated the relation between child behavior and parenting stress at both the early and middle childhood levels. The findings support the design of familial interventions. Interventions that promote adaptive coping strategies may be particularly helpful for families of children with DD who exhibit high levels of problem behavior. Finally, improving the helpfulness of current support systems may positively impact parents' stress who have children with developmental disabilities<br>Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2010<br>Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education<br>Discipline: Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology
7
Hulbert-Williams, Nicholas James. "Systematic review and empirical investigation of adjustment to cancer diagnosis : predicting clinically relevant psychosocial outcomes and testing Lazarus's Transactional Model of stress." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55823/.
Full textAbstract:
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the UK. The Cancer Reform Strategy (2007) highlighted the need for integration of psychological services into routine cancer care. Previous research into psychosocial aspects of adjustment is, however, inconsistent This thesis opens with a background on cancer epidemiology and policy the psychological impact of cancer and, the shortcomings of previous intervention-based research. The Transactional Model is introduced as a potential framework for modelling adjustment. The thesis aimed to test this model for cancer patients in order to provide evidence to better inform the provision of psychological services for cancer patients. A systematic review summarised the literature exploring the extent to which personality, appraisals and emotions were associated with psychosocial outcome. 68 studies were included. A number of small meta-analyses were performed using the Hunter and Schmidt method. Findings demonstrated a lack of consistency, and a number of research questions still unanswered. A methodological critique was provided based on systematic quality assessment. The empirical study had two purposes: prediction of clinical outcome and theory development 160 recently diagnosed colorectal, breast, lung and prostate cancer patients were recruited. Measures of personality, appraisal, emotion, coping and outcome (anxiety, depression and quality of life) were collected at baseline, three- and six-month follow-up. Analyses demonstrated that the data generally fitted the model but adaptations were proposed. Clinically, between 47 and 74% of variance in psychosocial outcome was explained by these predictor variables, with cognitive appraisals most predictive of all Transactional Model components. Statistical theory testing of cognition-emotion processes did not confirm the Transactional Model (Lazarus, 1999). These findings question the prescriptive nature of the theory and further testing is suggested, particularly in response to chronic stressors. Guidelines for methodological improvements are provided. The thesis concludes with proposals for further research, including suggestions for theory- informed interventions.
8
Broadnax, Sonya Kali. "Role of Coping Self-Efficacy in Working Mothers' Management of Daily Hassles and Health Outcomes." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2639.
Full textAbstract:
U.S. working mothers experience frequent daily hassles, yet little is known about how working mothers have disproportionate abilities to handle stress. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the extent to which coping self-efficacy mediated the effect that cumulative daily hassles had on working mothers' health outcomes (i.e., physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health). The transactional model of stress and coping, social cognitive theory, and self-efficacy theory provided the theoretical foundations for this study. Daily hassles were used for this study as an additional theoretical approach for measuring stress. A total of 235 working mothers completed the Daily Hassles Scale, Coping Self-Efficacy Scale, and Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2) on a secure online website. The respondents reported moderate confidence in their abilities to cope with life despite experiencing an average of 44 daily hassles per month. Simple regressions confirmed repeated exposure to daily hassles was significantly associated with reduced coping self-efficacy and health outcomes. Mediation with multiple regression analysis revealed that coping self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between cumulative daily hassles and health outcomes, suggesting coping self-efficacy was a protective psychosocial factor for working mothers. This study contributes to positive social change by aiding practitioners in identifying protective psychosocial factors and helping working mothers to implement the findings with the intention of reducing daily hassles and improving health outcomes.
9
Cesareo, Jacqueline M. "Psychosocial stress and health-related outcomes in chronic childhood asthma : using a biopsychosocial approach to understand transactional relationships across childhood and adolescence." University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0077.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] Despite significant scientific advances in tracking the complex physiological mechanisms that drive the asthma disease process, worldwide trends in childhood asthma continue to rise. This research sought to describe the relationships between psychosocial stress, psychosocial resources, asthma severity, and health-related outcomes from the standpoints of biopsychosocial and developmental theory. The research consisted of three studies based on a prospective study involving 2573 children from a community-based birth cohort. The cohort has been under active follow-up from birth and this thesis draws on data obtained at the 1, 2, 6, 10 and 13 year follow-ups . . . The final study undertook to describe the mediating influence of specific supportive behaviours provided by family members and peers to adolescents with asthma. Ninety-nine adolescents participating in the 13 year follow-up of the community cohort study completed a semi-structured interview adapted from the Diabetes Social Support Interview (La Greca et al., 1995) to assess supportive behaviours and the KINDL (Ravens-Sieberer & Bullinger, 1998) to assess QOL. It was predicted that illness-specific support would mediate the relationship between family dysfunction and quality of life. Qualitative analyses identified parents as important sources of tangible support, peers as important sources of companionship and emotional support, and siblings bridging the two, by providing tangible, companionship and emotional support to the adolescent. Mediator analyses found that specific parent behaviours perceived as unsupportive by the adolescent mediated the relationship between family dysfunction and self-oriented quality of life. Clinical implications support the integration of medical and psychological expertise in the treatment of asthma. Future research directions are also discussed.
10
Ekholm, Julia, and Olivia Holmgren. "Kämpa, fly eller ta en snus : Skillnader och likheter mellan och inom könens skolrelaterade stress och stresshantering." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för idrottsvetenskap (ID), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80257.
Full textAbstract:
Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka elevers upplevda stress och deras tillvägagångssätt för att hantera denna stress med hjälp av copingstrategier, vilket sedan sätts i relation till biologiskt kön. Arbetet utgår ifrån ett elektroniskt frågeformulär som inkluderar både kvantitativa och kvalitativa aspekter. Resultaten av denna studie visar sig i några fall avvika från den tidigare forskningen, vilket leder till intressanta analyser och diskussioner. Ett av dessa resultat är pojkarnas användande av emotionsfokuserade copingmetoder, som annars är färre än flickornas. Ett annat intressant och avvikande resultat är stressnivåerna inom gruppen flickor, då det visar sig att de som går ett yrkesförberedande program procentuellt är mer stressade än högskoleförberedande programmets flickor.<br>The purpose of this study is to examine students experienced stress and their ways of coping with that stress using coping strategies, which is later also put in relation to biological sex. The study is using a mixed method in the form of an electronic questionnaire. The results of this study turned out to deviate from previous research, which leads to interesting analyzes and discussions. One of these results is the boys’ usage of emotion-focused coping methods, which otherwise is fewer than the girls. Another interesting and deviating result is the stress levels within the girls’ group, since it turns out that girls who attend a profession-based program are more stressed, percentage wise, than the girls who attend a college-based program.
11
Tatjana, Knežević. "Odnos profesionalnog i životnog stila zaposlenih i stila upravljanja organizacijom." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101396&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract:
Savremene organizacije u svojoj svakodnevnoj brizi za isunjavanje postavljenih ciljeva sve češće očekuju od svojih zaposlenih, a naročito menadžera, da budu isključivo posvećeni organizaciji i njenom uspehu. Cilj ovog rada je prikaz konceptualnih i teorijskih pitanja koja se tiču povezanosti stilova upravljanja i stresa na radu kod menadžera, u koja spadaju definisanje navedenih pojmova i njihovo razgraničavanje od srodnih pojmova, pri čemu se stilovi upravljanja posmatraju sa stanovišta situacionog modela liderstva razvijenog od strane Hersija i Blanšarda, a stres sa stanovištva transakcionističke teorije stresa.<br>Modern organizations in their everyday care for the fulfillment of the goalsincreasingly expect from their employees, especially managers, to beexclusively committed to the organization and its success. The aim of thispaper is to present the conceptual and theoretical issues related toconnectivity management styles and stress at work with managers, a groupthat includes the definition of these terms and their delimitation from relatedconcepts, with a management style viewed from the standpoint of situationalleadership model developed by Hersеy and Blanchard, and stress from theviewpoint of transactional theory of stress.
12
Briercliffe, Creagh. "Poisson Process Infinite Relational Model : a Bayesian nonparametric model for transactional data." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/58921.
Full textAbstract:
Transactional data consists of instantaneously occurring observations made on ordered pairs of entities. It can be represented as a network---or more specifically, a directed multigraph---with edges possessing unique timestamps. This thesis explores a Bayesian nonparametric model for discovering latent class-structure in transactional data. Moreover, by pooling information within clusters of entities, it can be used to infer the underlying dynamics of the time-series data. Blundell, Beck, and Heller (2012) originally proposed this model, calling it the Poisson Process Infinite Relational Model; however, this thesis derives and elaborates on the necessary procedures to implement a fully Bayesian approximate inference scheme. Additionally, experimental results are used to validate the computational correctness of the inference algorithm. Further experiments on synthetic data evaluate the model's clustering performance and assess predictive ability. Real data from historical records of militarized disputes between nations test the model's capacity to learn varying degrees of structured relationships.<br>Science, Faculty of<br>Statistics, Department of<br>Graduate
13
Dillard, Dana Marie. "The Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping: Predicting Posttraumatic Distress in Telecommunicators." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6719.
Full textAbstract:
Telecommunicators (e.g., dispatchers and 911 operators) experience firsthand the death and suffering of friends, family, peers, and strangers in a chaotic work environment characterized by chronic stress and lack of support. Previous research has demonstrated telecommunicators are at increased risk for negative health outcomes; however, existing research does not identify predictive pathways to posttrauma symptoms in telecommunicators. In an application of the transactional theory of stress and coping, I used structural equation modeling to examine occupational antecedents, work-family conflict, negative appraising, and coping as predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms in telecommunicators. A convenience sample of 103 telecommunicators, recruited through agencies across the United States, completed a series of PTSD, stress, and coping surveys. Results supported three theorems from the transactional theory of stress and coping: (a) Chronic antecedents are correlated with work-family conflict (r = .54, p < .01), (b) work-family conflict predicted negative appraising ( β = .64, p < .01), and (c) coping predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms in telecommunicators ( β = .30, p = .01). These findings contribute to the current body of occupational health literature by expanding understanding of telecommunicators' occupational experiences and appraisals and provide insights into modifiable processes and policies that can enhance and protect telecommunicator long term health. Specifically, employee-focused policies directed at preserving work-home balance and reducing chronic stressors in the workplace are recommended. Additionally, further research can be initiated to evaluate effectiveness of policy changes in telecommunicator appraising, health, and wellbeing.
14
Poe, James Michael. "Developing representative workloads for future hardware transactional memory research using a cycle-accurate, multi-dimensional hardware transactional memory model." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041005.
Full text
15
Ritchie, Harriet Anne. "The construction, implementation and evaluation of a transactional analysis stress management course for adolescents." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003342.
Full textAbstract:
Stress is a problem in today's world and adolescents are not exempt from suffering its ill effects. Currently no stress management courses are offered as part of the formal guidance programme in high schools or in the community. This pilot study is an attempt to construct a stress management course based on the concepts of Transactional Analysis. The course was implemented with a multi-racial, standard eight group of nine boys and girls. The course was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The quantitative measures proved to be inappropriate to this study and did not render any useful information. The study found that the scholars expressed that they had changed in their handling of their daily stressors as a result of the course. Personal growth had also taken place. The findings of this research are discussed in terms of the important implications they have for school guidance programmes.
16
Lee, Jillian April. "Gender differences in psychopathology examined under an expanded transactional theory of stress framework." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2590.
Full text
17
Wolverton, Robert L. "Internet education a middle-range theoretical model for overcoming transactional distance /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400968491&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
18
Osborne, Lisa Anne. "A dynamic transactional model of parent-child interactions in autistic spectrum conditions." Thesis, Swansea University, 2007. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42478.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examined relationships between parenting stress, parenting behaviours, and child behaviour problems in Autistic Spectrum Conditions (ASC). Chapter 2 found gains in intellectual, educational, and adaptive behavioural, skills of young children with ASC receiving early teaching interventions. Intervention time- intensity impacted positively on child-outcome gains, but high parenting stress counteracted this effectiveness. Chapter 3 revealed that higher parenting stress was associated with greater child behaviour problems. Parenting stress at baseline was a stronger predictor of child behaviour problems at follow-up, than the reverse. In very young children, ASC severity was related strongly to parenting stress. Chapters 4 and 5 explored why parenting stress had a negative impact. Chapter 4 found that, for parents of older children, parenting stress, communication, and limit setting interwove bidirectionally. In parents of younger children, these interactions were unidirectional; higher initial parenting stress resulted in poorer communication, but good initial limit setting resulted in lower parenting stress. Chapter 5 revealed that better parental limit setting at baseline produced fewer child behaviour problems at follow-up. Limit setting mediated the relationship between parenting stress and subsequent child behaviour problems. Chapters 6 and 7 investigated early stress sources in parents of children with ASC. Chapter 6 gathered parents' perceptions of the diagnostic process, through focus groups. Parents wanted a quicker, easier, and more coherently-structured process, more information, and greater professional ASC training. Chapter 7 investigated impacts of ASC diagnosis on parenting stress. Parenting stress declined from when parents first noticed a problem, predicted by children's ASC severity, but failed to change once diagnosis had been received. This possible contra-indication for early ASC diagnosis warrants caution, and further investigation. An empirically-based model of parent-child interactions was developed, which may contribute to inform theory, and aid practice, in this neglected area of ASC research, especially regarding teaching interventions, and parent support.
19
Mampane, Kgale Bethuel. "Educators’ experiences and perceptions of teacher absenteeism." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40450.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this research study was to investigate teachers’ understanding and perceptions of teacher absenteeism. A sample of principals, deputy principals, HODs, teachers, support staff and union members from seven different schools in Middelburg in the Nkangala District of the Mpumalanga Department of Basic Education participated in the investigation. The study was motivated by the escalating teacher absenteeism being experienced within the Mpumalanga Department of Basic Education. The abuse of teacher leave, which takes the form of various leave privileges, is being accelerated primarily by the unacceptably high occurrence of unauthorised absence on the part of teachers at schools. These unauthorised absences includes arriving in class late and leaving class before time, late arrival and early departure from school, poor time management and poor monitoring of absenteeism by the SMTs at schools. The study adopted a qualitative research approach in the collection and analysis of the data with interviews and document analysis being used in order to collect the required data. The study utilises the conceptual lens of transactional stress model and occupational stress model in order to analyse the findings and identify the various stress factors that impact on teacher absenteeism in South Africa. It concludes that the causes of teacher absenteeism are being ascribed to the following: teachers are highly stressed by their own personal lack of financial management, family problems and their ever-increasing responsibilities and the curriculum changes being imposed on them. The primary value of this research investigation, therefore, lies in the belief that the study findings may help to shape the policies that direct the management of leave of absence in the department of education while simultaneously trying to uproot the perceptual misunderstandings about teacher absenteeism. It is essential that suitable policies be formulated to obviate the underlying causes of teacher absenteeism while identifying the stressors that promote teacher absenteeism and trying to provide solutions that will reduce the escalating absence of teachers at school.<br>Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>gm2014<br>Education Management and Policy Studies<br>unrestricted
20
Seward, Lori Welte. "A multiple stress, multiple component stress screening cost model." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41578.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Environmental stress screening is used to enhance reliability by
decreasing the number of failures experienced during customer use. It
is suggested that added benefit can be gained by applying multiple
stresses rather than a single stress, as is done presently. A further
modification is to apply the stress at the assembly level, accelerating different types of components at the same time. Different component
E A e acceleration effects must then be considered.</p>
<p>
The problem these modifications present is how to choose the
appropriate stress levels and the time duration of the stress screen.
A cost model is developed that trades off the cost of a field failure
with the cost of applying a multiple stress, multiple component stress
screen. The objective is to minimize this cost function in order to
find an economical stress regimen.</p>
<p>
The problem is solved using the software package GINO. The
interesting result is that if a stress is used at all during the stress screen, the maximum amount of stress is the economic choice. Either
the cost of stressing is low enough to justify the use of a stress, in
which case the maximum amount of stress is used, or the cost is too
high and the stress is not used at all.</p><br>Master of Science
21
Van, Dyke Ruth. "A Cognitive Model of Stress." University of Arizona, Department of Anthropology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/112058.
Full textAbstract:
Freely structured interviews conducted to discern the cognitive model of "stress" shared by a group of American graduate students are described. Interview data concern the perceived causes, effects, coping strategies, and inherency of stress. These data are organized according to categories and discrepancies inherent to the sample. Sets of propositional models are developed that illuminate some aspects of the cognitive model. Processes of externalization characterized the subjects' responses at every level and the concept of the individual in opposition to the social environment has figured prominently in this analysis. Although the model is composed of many parts, it may be reduced to a single principle: stress is a response to the perceived threat embodied in the appropriation by others of control over the self-image of the individual.
22
Cheng, Sau-lan, and 鄭秀蘭. "Case studies of integrating affective education with Chinese novel teaching based on the transactional model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48329848.
Full textAbstract:
本研究以一組香港初中學生為對象，透過建構小說教學融合情意教育的理論，設計有助青少年發展正向情意質素的閱讀教學課程作為干預策略，並結合質性和量性的研究方法，一方面以內容分析探討學生閱讀小說後的多篇相關寫作中反映的情意反應，瞭解這些反應在不同情意範疇的傾向；另一方面以個案研究結合敘事探究的方法，深入地探討這些情意反應的廣度與深度，和哪些元素與交流模式為本的中文課堂互動，對學生在課堂刺激下所產生的情意反應有關鍵作用；再輔以問卷分析，瞭解學生對交流模式的取態，和交流模式對學生情意發展的影響。
研究結果顯示學生以交流模式閱讀三本指定小說產生了情緒、審美、心靈、道德、人際、社會等多面向的情意反應，而以審美和心靈範疇的反應最多。此外，學生的情意內化程度平均介於「賦值」和「價值建構」之間。研究亦發現學生對交流模式的學習活動十分認同，對具有綜合策略的學習模式如「讀者劇場」的認同程度尤其明確。
綜合整個研究，可見學生的不同的先存經驗包括成長背景、性格特徵、閱讀經驗、社會文化的影響等，很大程度上影響著學生對文本的反應傾向和深度，但交流模式有助學生豐富其「接受圖式」，加強閱讀中「想像、詮釋、反省、感悟」等文藝心理活動，以致學生會調整其先存的「回應結構」，從而更能與小說滲透在不同情意範疇的「召喚結構」產生「同構」關係，因此有助促進學生的情意發展。
本研究填補了中國語文與文學教育融合情意教育在研究上的缺乏，和彌補了情意教育及相關研究在定義、範疇釐定、評量架構等方面的困難，透過建構源自Rosenblatt 的學生/讀者作為情意主體和文學作品情意內涵對應的「交流模式」，與修訂Krathwolh 等的情意評量模型，形成理論架構和研究工具，有效地探討少年學生以交流模式閱讀小說的細微經驗。研究者透過探究這些經驗的脈絡，以情意發展的視角予以詮釋、論述，呈現學生在研究過程中創造的意義——主體如何與小說交流通感而建構自我的意象。透過詮釋學生的自我敘說和情意成長經驗，研究者更得以進一步瞭解社會、教育的某些面貌，從而在語文和情意教育的本體論、知識論和方法論等層面提出反省和建議。
Little research has been done on affective education imparted in Chinese language education in Hong Kong. To fill the gap, this research intends to find out whether the affective quality of teens would be positively affected if reader-response protocol could act as a channel between the students and the text. Evaluation standards of affective domains and internalization levels derived from Krathwohl, Bloom & Masia (1964)’s “Affective Taxonomy” and Martin & Reigeluth (1999)’s affective stance have been constructed to categorize and assess students’ affective responses. On the other hand, “The Sun Set” by Shu Xiang-cheng, “The Lubing Flowers” by Zhong Zhao-zheng, and a translated novel “The Heaven Shop” by Deborah Ellis have been prescribed as reading materials for the students. The affective elements in these novels were figured out as tools for assessment and pattern matching. A reading group involved 13 Form two students was formed and an instructional programme was conducted within a school year. Students were expected to be able to have transactions with the text through instruction protocol and extended activities developed from the Transactional Model based on Rosenblatt’s reader-response theory.
Data collected from different sources included students’ writings, drawings, in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Qualitative and quantitative methods comprised of narrative inquiry case studies, content analysis and questionnaire analysis were applied to examine students’ affective responses after reading the assigned novels. The research seeks to understand the depth and the breadth of students’ responses, the inclination of these responses in different affective domains, and what factors play key roles in stimulating students’ affective responses when interacting with Transactional Model-based reading lessons.
Research results reveal that after reading the prescribed novels, students made positive affective responses in different domains consisted of emotional, aesthetic, spiritual, moral, interpersonal and social, mostly in aesthetic and spiritual domains. Their affective development tended to lie between “valuing” and “organization” internalization levels. It was also discovered that students strongly agree with learning activities developed from the Transactional Model, especially integrated strategies such as readers-theatre.
It was found that the existing experiences of students significantly influence the inclination and depth of their responses to the novels. However, the Transactional Model could broaden their receptive schema, and encouraged their psychological activities when reading novels. In this way, students adjusted their responsive structure, making it isomorphous with the evocative structure of the novels, which permeated the different affective domains. As a result, reading experiences of involved students were internalized and affective development was enhanced to a satisfactory extent.
This research addresses the gap between integrating Chinese language and literature education with affective education. The outcome of the research is expected to benefit Chinese language curricula by building an example showing how language learning can enhance students’ positive character building and affective growth. By interpreting students’ self narratives and affective development experiences, the researcher could delve deeper into the circumstances of the society and education, hence reflections and suggestions in terms of ontology, epistemology and methodology of Chinese language and literature education could be provided.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Education<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
23
Gagné, Marie-Anik. "Worry and the traditional stress model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0004/NQ44434.pdf.
Full text
24
Brownstein, Naomi. "Estimation and the Stress-Strength Model." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2007. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1160.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Mathematics
25
Johnson, Sharon Mary. "Impact of stress and burnout interventions on educators in high-risk secondary schools." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85642.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study focused on the plight of teachers in the challenging traumatic context of high-risk schools on the Cape Flats, Western Cape, South Africa. Study aims were to measure the stress and burnout of educators and analyse the effect of three different interventions using psycho-educational workshops. Forty-three educators in three secondary schools took part for 15 hours in total over 10 weeks, as well as a control group of 20 teachers. Interventions were grounded in trauma release exercises (TRE), transpersonal psychology (TP) and transactional analysis (TA) practice, and can be conceptualised as primarily physical, emotional and cognitive approaches to stress and burnout prevention.
In a mixed-methods study based on the transactional stress model, quantitative data comprised statistical analysis of stress, personal, work and learner-induced burnout and well-being, at the pre- and post-intervention stages. An analysis of the text coding of the educators’ stress, burnout, coping and well-being accounts followed. The study then focused on qualitative thematic analysis of the focus group interviews.
Perceived stress was significantly different between the three intervention groups and control group and learner burnout was significantly reduced in the TRE (p=0.02) and TA (p=0.02) groups. There were trends for stress and burnout reduction for the TP group. Coding analysis focused on the intra-and inter-individual TRE, TP and TA tools that had an impact on educators in their efforts to cope with stress and burnout. Focus group interviews gave thematic insights into physical, emotional and cognitive responses to stress and burnout interventions on the individual, interpersonal and organisational levels and revealed new perspectives on classroom competency, with educators taking more responsibility for discipline in the classroom, their greatest stressor.
This study indicated that TRE, TP and TA interventions offer educators in high-risk schools physiological, affective and cognitive approaches to dealing with threat and trauma, assisting with stress and burnout reduction, facilitating renewed insights into classroom competency.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie het gefokus op die toestand van onderwysers in die uitdagende, traumatiese konteks van hoë-risiko skole op die Kaapse Vlakte van die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Die doelstellings van die ondersoek was om stres en uitbranding by onderwysers te meet en om die invloed van drie verskillende intervensies, in die vorm van psigo-opvoedkundige werkswinkels, te analiseer. Drie-en-veertig opvoeders in drie sekondêre skole het oor 10 weke vir 15 uur in totaal deelgeneem, sowel as ‘n kontrolegroep van 20 onderwysers. Die ingrypings is gegrond in die praktyke van trauma-ontladingsoefeninge (trauma release exercises [TRE]), transpersoonlike sielkunde (transpersonal psychology [TP]) en transaksionele analise (transactional analysis [TA]), en kan hoofsaaklik as fisiese, emosionele en kognitiewe benaderings tot die voorkoming van stres en uitbranding gekonseptualiseer word.
In ’n gemengde metode studie gebaseer op die transaksionele stresmodel, het die kwantitatiewe data bestaan uit statistiese analises van stres, persoonlike, werks- en leerdergeïnduseerde uitbranding en welstand, vóór en ná die ingrypings. Dit is gevolg deur ’n analise van die tekskodering van die opvoeders se verslae oor hulle stres, uitbranding, behartiging en welstand. Die studie het hierna gefokus op ’n kwalitatiewe tematiese analise van die fokusgroeponderhoude.
Waargenome stres het beduidend tussen die drie intervensiegroepe en die kontrolegroep verskil en leerderuitbranding het beduidend in die TRE (p=.02) en TA (p=.02) groepe verminder. Daar was tekens van vermindering van stres en uitbranding in die TP groep. Koderingsanalise het gefokus op die intra- en inter-individuele TRE, TP en TA gereedskap wat ’n impak op opvoeders gehad het in hulle pogings om stres en uitbranding te hanteer. Fokusgroeponderhoude het tematiese insigte oor die fisiese, emosionele en kognitiewe reaksies op stres- en uitbrandingsingrypings op die individuele, interpersoonlike en organisatoriese vlak verskaf, met onderwysers wat groter verantwoordelikheid geneem het vir dissipline in die klaskamer, wat hulle vernaamste stressor is.
Hierdie studie dui daarop dat TRE-, TP- en TA-ingrypings aan opvoeders in hoë-risiko skole fisiologiese, affektiewe en kognitiewe benaderings bied om bedreiging en trauma te hanteer. Dit dra by tot ’n vermindering van stres en uitbranding en fasiliteer nuwe insigte in klaskamerbevoegdheid.
26
Meira, Jorge Augusto. "Model-based stress testing for database systems." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/37344.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador : Prof. Dr. Eduardo Cunha de Almeida<br>Co-orientador : Prof. Dr. Yves Le Traon<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Tecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Computação. Defesa: Curitiba, 17/12/2014<br>Inclui referências<br>Abstract: Database Management Systems (DBMS) have been successful at processing transaction workloads over decades. But contemporary systems, including Cloud computing, Internet-based systems, and sensors (i.e., Internet of Things (IoT)), are challenging the architecture of the DBMS with burgeoning transaction workloads. The direct consequence is that the development agenda of the DBMS is now heavily concerned with meeting non-functional requirements, such as performance, robustness and scalability [85]. Otherwise, any stressing workload will make the DBMS lose control of simple functional requirements, such as responding to a transaction request [62]. While traditional DBMS, including DB2, Oracle, and PostgreSQL, require embedding new features to meet non-functional requirements, the contemporary DBMS called as NewSQL [56, 98, 65] present a completely new architecture. What is still lacking in the development agenda is a proper testing approach coupled with burgeoning transaction workloads for validating the DBMS with nonfunctional requirements in mind. The typical non-functional validation is carried out by performance benchmarks. However, they focus on metrics comparison instead of
finding defects. In this thesis, we address this lack by presenting different contributions for the domain of DBMS stress testing. These contributions fit different testing objectives to challenge each specific architecture of traditional and contemporary DBMS. For instance, testing the earlier DBMS (e.g., DB2, Oracle) requires incremental performance tuning (i.e., from simple setup to complex one), while testing the latter DBMS (e.g., VoltDB, NuoDB) requires driving it into different performance states due to its self-tuning capabilities [85]. Overall, this thesis makes the following contributions:
1) Stress TEsting Methodology (STEM): A methodology to capture performance
degradation and expose system defects in the internal code due to the combination of a stress workload and mistuning; 2) Model-based approach for Database Stress Testing (MoDaST): An approach to test NewSQL database systems. Supported by a Database State Machine (DSM), MoDaST infers internal states of the database based on performance observations under different workload levels; 3) Under Pressure Benchmark (UPB): A benchmark to assess the impact of availability mechanisms in NewSQL database systems.
We validate our contributions with several popular DBMS. Among the outcomes, we highlight that our methodologies succeed in driving the DBMS up to stress state conditions and expose several related defects, including a new major defect in a popular NewSQL.<br>Resumo: Sistemas de Gerenciamento de Bando de Dados (SGBD) têm sido bem sucedidos no processamento de cargas de trabalho transacionais ao longo de décadas. No entanto, sistemas atuais, incluindo Cloud computing, sistemas baseados na Internet, e os sensores (ou seja, Internet of Things (IoT)), estão desafiando a arquitetura dos SGBD com crescentes cargas de trabalho. A conseqüência direta é que a agenda de desenvolvimento de SGBD está agora fortemente preocupada em atender requisitos não funcionais, tais como desempenho, robustez e escalabilidade [85]. Caso contrário, uma simples carga de trabalho de estresse pode fazer com que os SGBD não atendam requisitos funcionais simples, como responder a um pedido de transação [62]. Enquanto SGBD tradicionais exigem a incorporação de novos recursos para atender tais requisitos não-funcionais, os SGBD contemporâneos conhecidos como NewSQL [56, 98, 65] apresentam uma arquitetura completamente nova.
O que ainda falta na agenda do desenvolvimento é uma abordagem de teste adequada que leve em conta requisitos não-funcionais. A validação não-funcional típica para SGBD é realizada por benchmarks. No entanto, eles se concentram na comparação baseada em métricas em vez de encontrar defeitos. Nesta tese, abordamos essa deficiência na agenda de desenvolvimento, apresentando contribuições diferentes para o domínio de testes de estresse para SGBD. Estas contribuições atendem diferentes objetivos de teste que desafiam arquiteturas específica de SGBD tradicionais e contemporâneos. No geral, esta tese faz as seguintes contribuições: 1) Stress TEstingMethodology (STEM): Uma metodologia para capturar a degradação do desempenho e expor os defeitos do sistema no código interno devido a combinação de uma carga de trabalho de estresse e problemas de configuração; 2) Model-based Database Stress Testing (MoDaST): Uma abordagem para testar sistemas de banco de dados NewSQL. Apoiado por uma máquina de estado de banco de dados (DSM), MoDaST infere estados internos do banco de dados com base em observações de desempenho sob diferentes níveis de carga de trabalho; 3) Under Pressure Benchmark (UPB): Um benchmark para avaliar o impacto dos mecanismos de disponibilidade em sistemas de banco de dados NewSQL. Nós validamos nossas contribuições com vários SGBD populares. Entre os resultados, destaca-se em nossas metodologias o sucesso em conduzir o SGBD para condições de estresse e expor defeitos relacionados, incluindo um novo major bug em um SGBD
NewSQL popular.
27
Andrews, M. C. "Stress transfer in aramid/epoxy model composites." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1994. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.751928.
Full text
28
Ferreira, Joana Filipa Teixeira. "Familia, benção ou praga? Exploração das relações entre liderança transformacional, equilibrio trabalho-familia e stress." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12724.
Full textAbstract:
Mestrado em Gestão de Recursos Humanos<br>No estudo procurou-se analisar qual o impacto que a liderança tem sobre as dimensões extratrabalho, mormente o equilíbrio trabalho-família, e qual o papel do stress nessa relação. Para a operacionalização do mesmo foi preparado um Questionário Fechado sobre os conceitos em análise: liderança transacional/transformacional, equilíbrio trabalho-família e stress.
Em suma, os resultados revelaram-se bons quanto à fidelidade. Quanto às correlações entre as variáveis em estudo, os resultados sugeriram relações significativas, contudo fracas ou moderadas. A correlação entre a Liderança Transformacional e o WFB Positivo é de 0,289**, sendo assim significativa mas fraca. Entre o Stress Negativo e o WFB Negativo a correlação é de 0,559**, ou seja, significativa moderada. Em relação à correlação da interação da Liderança Transformacional e do Stress Negativo, com o WFB Negativo, é significativa mas fraca com o valor de 0,332**.<br>The study sought to analyze the impact that leadership has on extra work dimensions, especially the work-family balance, and the role of stress in the relationship. In order to conduct this study, a closed questionnaire was prepared to analyse of these variables: transactional/transformational leadership, work-family balance and stress.
In short, the results have proved to be good for giving the reliability of scales. As for the correlations between the study variables, the results suggested significant relationships, however weak or moderate. The correlation between Transformational Leadership and the Positive WFB is 0.289**, thus being significant but weak. Between Negative Stress and Negative WFB, the correlation is 0.559**, that is, moderate. Regarding the correlation of the Transformational Leadership and Negative Stress interaction with the Negative WFB, it is significant but weak with the value of 0.332**.<br>N/A
29
Cummings, Sahl Jorden. "Hostility, interpersonal competence, and daily dependent stress a daily model of stress generation /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 46 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338886261&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
30
Stennett, Sabrina. "Minority stress in people who identify as transgender : testing the minority stress model." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/36582/.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: People who identify as transgender are reported to experience high levels of mental health problems in comparison to people who do not identify as transgender. The minority stress model has been used to explain these high prevalence rates. But this model was designed to be used in lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) populations (Meyer, 1995, 2003). Researchers have applied some of the hypothesised processes of the model to people who identify as transgender. However, evidence testing the minority stress model in this population is limited. The model postulates that minority stress processes (namely, distal stress, internalised stigma, vigilance and concealment) lead to adverse mental health outcomes. It also states that coping and social support moderate and ameliorate the stress processes. However research on this aspect is inconclusive, with other researchers stating that coping and social support meditate the relationship between internalised stigma and psychological distress. In light of the current literature, this research aimed to test the application of the minority stress model in a sample of people who identified as transgender. It also aimed to test the moderating and mediating roles of coping and social support. Furthermore, this research endeavoured to develop an alternative model (i.e. based on the findings and the literature). Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. Participants were recruited from transgender forums, social groups, transgender events and social media. Those who identified as transgender, under the umbrella term, were invited to complete an online survey (N = 270; mean age = 27.5). The majority of participants (60.4%) described their gender identity as trans women. Results: Multiple linear regression, mediation and moderation analyses were conducted. Results showed that, individually, all the stress processes (distal stress process, internalised stigma, vigilance and concealment) were significantly associated with psychological distress. However, when assessed in combination, only certain stress processes emerged as being significant. With internalised stigma emerging as being significant in all the regression models (i.e. depression, anxiety and stress). No moderation effects were found for coping and social support. Instead, passive coping and social support were found to partially mediate the relationship between internalised stigma and psychological distress. Structural equation modelling was also used to develop hypothesised models based on this data. Conclusion: Limited support was found for the minority stress model within this sample. Hypothesised models were developed instead, to highlight the stress processes involved in depression, anxiety and stress. However, future research is warranted to test these models.
31
Irwin, Jay A. "Stress and support among Southern lesbians an application of the stress process model /." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009p/irwin.pdf.
Full text
32
He, Zhengyu. "On algorithm design and programming model for multi-threaded computing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43635.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this work is to investigate the algorithm design and the
programming model of multi-threaded computing. Designing multi-threaded
algorithms is very challenging - when multiple threads need to communicate or
coordinate with each other, efficient synchronization support is needed.
However, synchronizations are known to be expensive on the emerging
multi-/many-core processors, especially when the number of threads increases. To
fully unleash the power of such processors, carefully investigations are needed
in both algorithm design and programming models for multi-threaded systems.
In this dissertation, we first present an asynchronous multi-threaded algorithm
for the maximum network flow problem. This algorithm is based on the classical
push-relabel algorithm and completely removes the use of locks and barriers from
its original parallel version. While this algorithmic method shows
effectiveness, it is challenging to generalize the success to other
multi-threaded problem. We next focus on improving the transactional memory, a
promising mechanism to construct multi-threaded programs. A queuing-theory-based
model is developed to analyze the performance of different transactional memory
systems. Based on the results of the model, we emphasize on the contention
management mechanism of transactional memory systems. A profiling-based
adaptive contention management scheme is finally proposed to cope with the
problem that none of the static contention management schemes can keep good
performance on all platforms for all types of workload. From this research, we
show that it is necessary and worthwhile to explore both the algorithm design
aspect and the programming model aspect for multi-thread computing.
33
Cesareo, Jacqueline M. "Psychosocial stress and health-related outcomes in chronic childhood asthma : using a biopsychosocial approach to understand transactional relationships across childhood and adolescence /." Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0077.
Full text
34
Bosco, Arianna [Verfasser]. "Reynolds stress model for hypersonic flows / Arianna Bosco." Aachen : Hochschulbibliothek der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1014297168/34.
Full text
35
Haim, Achikam. "GESTATIONAL STRESS – A TRANSLATIONAL MODEL FOR POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461070189.
Full text
36
Rimoli, Julian Jose Ortiz Michael Ortiz Michael. "A computational model for intergranular stress corrosion cracking /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2009. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05142009-135909.
Full text
37
Antonakis, John. "The validity of the transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership model as measured by the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5X)." ScholarWorks, 2001. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dilley/8.
Full textAbstract:
The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), the most used instrument for gauging Bass and Avolio's full-range leadership model, underwent numerous revisions to answer criticisms about its construct validity. Since researchers found conflicting results regarding the number of factors that best constitute the model, this study examined whether the factor structure of the MLQ (5X) was consistent across a diverse array of samples. The total size of the samples was 6,525, integrated from 18 independent studies. Using confirmatory structural equation modeling techniques, results indicated that the factor structure was best represented by nine single-order factors, as asserted by Bass and Avolio. These results were prevalent when all samples were integrated for the factor structure invariance test, or when individual samples were grouped into homogenous units for strict factorial or factor structure invariance. Thus, the validity of the model was a function of sample conditions explaining why independent researchers who used nonhomogenous samples failed to confirm the nine-factor model. These conditions---interpretable as moderators that bounded the theoretical model---included various environmental and organizational settings, leader gender, and the hierarchical level of the leader. The criterion validity of the MLQ was also tested, but results should be viewed cautiously as the leadership and outcome measures were each collected from the same source. Nonetheless, the regression paths of the MLQ factors were interpretable, and followed theoretical propositions. Transformational and contingent reward leadership was positively related to performance, and passive-avoidant leadership negatively related. Management-by-exception active varied according to sample conditions. These findings imply that a standard set of leadership behaviors is not universally related to effectiveness, and that leaders operationalize their behaviors differently depending on contextual factors. As a consequence, the interfactor relationships of the MLQ, and the relationships of the factors to criterion measures may be a function of the conditions under which the model is examined. Therefore, testing the MLQ's validity---and indeed that of other leadership instruments---should be performed under homogenous sample conditions. Finally, this dissertation suggests that the MLQ should be retained for future research and training. Possible improvements to the theory and measurement model are also discussed.
38
Harrath, Nesrine. "A stepwise compositional approach to model and analyze system C designs at the transactional level and the delta cycle level." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CNAM0957/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les systèmes embarqués sont de plus en plus intégrés dans les applications temps réel actuelles. Ils sont généralement constitués de composants matériels et logiciels profondément Intégrés mais hétérogènes. Ces composants sont développés sous des contraintes très strictes. En conséquence, le travail des ingénieurs de conception est devenu plus difficile. Pour répondre aux normes de haute qualité dans les systèmes embarqués de nos jours et pour satisfaire aux besoins quotidiens de l'industrie, l'automatisation du processus de développement de ces systèmes prend de plus en plus d'ampleur. Un défi majeur est de développer une approche automatisée qui peut être utilisée pour la vérification intégrée et la validation de systèmes complexes et hétérogènes.Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous proposons une nouvelle approche compositionnelle pour la modélisation et la vérification des systèmes complexes décrits en langage SystemC. Cette approche est basée sur le modèle des SystemC Waiting State Automata (WSA). Les SystemC Waiting State Automata sont des automates permettant de modéliser le comportement abstrait des systèmes matériels et logiciels décrits en SystemC tout en préservant la sémantique de l'ordonnanceur SystemC au niveau des cycles temporels et au niveau des delta-cycles. Ce modèle permet de réduire la complexité de la modélisation des systèmes complexes due au problème de l'explosion combinatoire tout en restant fidèle au système initial. Ce modèle est compositionnel et supporte le rafinement. De plus, il est étendu par des paramètres temps ainsi que des compteurs afin de prendre en compte les aspects relatifs à la temporalité et aux propriétés fonctionnelles comme notamment la qualité de service. Nous proposons ensuite une chaîne de construction automatique des WSAs à partir de la description SystemC. Cette construction repose sur l'exécution symbolique et l'abstraction des prédicats. Nous proposons un ensemble d'algorithmes de composition et de réduction de ces automates afin de pouvoir étudier, analyser et vérifier les comportements concurrents des systèmes décrits ainsi que les échanges de données entre les différents composants. Nous proposons enfin d'appliquer notre approche dans le cadre de la modélisation et la simulation des systèmes complexes. Ensuite l'expérimenter pour donner une estimation du pire temps d'exécution (worst-case execution time (WCET)) en utilisant le modèle du Timed SystemC WSA. Enfin, on définit l'application des techniques du model checking pour prouver la correction de l'analyse abstraite de notre approche<br>Embedded systems are increasingly integrated into existing real-time applications. They are usually composed of deeply integrated but heterogeneous hardware and software components. These components are developed under strict constraints. Accordingly, the work of design engineers became more tricky and challenging. To meet the high quality standards in nowadays embedded systems and to satisfy the rising industrial demands, the automatization of the developing process of those systems is gaining more and more importance. A major challenge is to develop an automated approach that can be used for the integrated verification and validation of complex and heterogeneous HW/SW systems.In this thesis, we propose a new compositional approach to model and verify hardware and software written in SystemC language. This approach is based on the SystemC Waiting State Automata (WSA). The SystemC Waiting State Automata are used to model the abstract behavior of hardware or software systems described in SystemC. They preserve the semantics of the SystemC scheduler at the temporal and the delta-cycle level. This model allows to reduce the complexity of the modeling process of complex systems due to the problem of state explosion during modeling while remaining faithful to the original system. The SystemC waiting state automaton is also compositional and supports refinement. In addition, this model is extended with parameters such as time and counters in order to take into account further aspects like temporality and other extra-functional properties such as QoS.In this thesis, we propose a stepwise approach on how to automatically extract the SystemC WSAs from SystemC descriptions. This construction is based on symbolic execution together with predicate abstraction. We propose a set of algorithms to symbolically compose and reduce the SystemC WSAs in order to study, analyze and verify concurrent behavior of systems as well as the data exchange between various components. We then propose to use the SystemC WSA to model and simulate hardware and software systems, and to compute the worst cas execution time (WCET) using the Timed SystemC WSA. Finally, we define how to apply model checking techniques to prove the correctness of the abstract analysis
39
Fallon, Joanne. "GROWING UP IN IRELAND: FACTORS IMPACTING SLEEP PATTERNS OF PRETERM INFANTS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3736.
Full textAbstract:
GROWING UP IN IRELAND: FACTORS IMPACTING SLEEP PATTERNS OF PRETERM INFANTS
By Joanne Fallon MS, OT, PhD
A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University
Virginia Commonwealth University, 2015.
Major Director: Shelly J. Lane, PhD, Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy
Preterm infants represent the largest child patient group in the European Union (EU), accounting for 5.5-11.4% of all births (European Foundation for the Care of Newborn Infants, 2011b). Preterm birth is defined as birth prior to 37 weeks gestation. Infants born late preterm (34-36 weeks) are considered more similar to early preterm (> 34 weeks) than to full-term infants, despite previously regarded as near-term (Raju Higgins, Stark, & Leveno, 2006). For preterm infants, sleeping functions are critical as they demonstrate the ability to adjust to biological and social rhythms and support emotional regulation, learning, and memory. Many studies have focused on sleep patterns of full-term infants; however, few have investigated preterm infants and none have compared early and late preterm infants with a population from the Republic of Ireland. The purpose of this study was to identify infant and parent characteristics that promote optimal sleep in preterm infants and to establish whether the parent-infant relationship mediates this association. A secondary purpose was to test the transactional model of sleep. Parent report of infant sleep
was taken from a recent population-based dataset from the Republic of Ireland. A comparison of the day and nighttime sleep patterns of early and late preterm infants found no difference between groups. There was also no difference in infant temperament, breast-feeding, parental stress, depression, or sociodemographics. A difference was found between groups in infant development, weight at 9 months, and age infant began solid foods. This finding was not surprising as infants born early preterm are at greater at greater risk of developmental delay and disability. Results of this study suggest that the paternal-infant relationship has a mediating impact on the relationship between infant temperament and nighttime waking in the early preterm group only, while the maternal-infant relationship has a mediating role in both groups. These findings add to the body of knowledge on the transactional model of sleep, and are the first to identify infant temperament and the paternal-infant relationship as important factors. Implications of these results are discussed in the context of the transactional model of sleep and recommendations for future research are presented.
40
Caviness, James A. "Stress biomarkers in a rat model of decompression sickness /." Download the thesis in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Caviness2005.pdf/.
Full text
41
Wilsman, Kristi. "Development of the Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms -- Childhood Obesity Model." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1185.
Full textAbstract:
This project developed a model to account for an obesity outcome in children who have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and whose parents have posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) or PTSD. A literature review provided the basis for the model and covered the areas of childhood obesity, parental PTSS, childhood PTSD, adverse childhood experiences, relational PTSD, ineffective parent support, and the stress response. A model to explain the outcome of obesity in children with PTSD as mediated by parental support provided after a traumatic event was developed: The Parental PTSSChildhood Obesity Model. The literature review supports a relational perspective for viewing child outcomes from trauma. When the relational perspective is applied to parents who themselves are experiencing PTSS, several parent response patterns were supported. These response patterns are considered to detrimentally impact the parent’s ability to provide an environment that is safe, predictable and responsive. Therefore the parent experiencing PTSS will evidence less effective parenting. Thus the child’s environment will be more stressful, increase the child’s symptomology and promote ineffective coping skills resulting in obesity. The strengths, limitations, and contributions of the model are discussed, as well as recommendations made for further research.
42
De, Noronha Motta Carlos Henrique. "A fatigue crack growth model with mean stress effects." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21163.pdf.
Full text
43
Butters, Jennifer Ellen. "Understanding adolescent cannabis use, a stress process model application." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ59074.pdf.
Full text
44
Turkay, Saygun. "Market model of stochastic implied volatility and correlation stress." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405832.
Full text
45
Marshall, Alyssa. "Toward a Model of Team Decision Making Under Stress." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1621.
Full textAbstract:
Today’s organizations are increasingly relying on teams, rather than individuals, to complete tasks in the workplace. For some teams, these tasks require them to make high stakes
decisions under stressful conditions. In military, medical, and emergency response fields, for example, workers are regularly asked to make decisions under high time pressure, uncertainty, and risk. The purpose of this study is to summarize previous team decision-making perspectives and create a model for team decision-making under stress. A literature review was conducted to examine the current state of team decision-making research. Several existing models of the team decision-making process were identified, representing multiple decision-making perspectives. Using this information, four primary characteristics of the team decision making process were identified. Team decision making
appears to be multi-level, multi-phasic, dynamic, and cyclical process. An additional search examined the effects of stress on performance. Using this information and the characteristics outlined from the team decision making literature, a model was designed to describe the effects of stress on team decision making. This model offers several propositions regarding the effects of stress on specific cognitive and team processes and their relationship team decision making This study provides the theoretical basis for an empirical investigation of the relationship between stress and team decision making. This line of research has the potential to lead to practical solutions that may improve outcomes for workers in high stress occupations.<br>B.S.<br>Bachelors<br>Psychology<br>Sciences
46
Gardener, Nigel Ian. "Probabilistic strength-life model for graphite fibers under stress." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23754.
Full text
47
McKinley, Richard Andrew. "A Predictive Model of Cognitive Performance Under Acceleration Stress." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1246569044.
Full text
48
Ortega, Catherine 1963. "Tournament-related anxiety in professional female tennis players : an application of the transactional model of stress and coping." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/29648.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation will be to identify a conceptual model to describe the stress and coping process among a group of elite female tennis players during a high stakes performance situation. The Transactional Model of Stress and Coping (TA model) served as the theoretical basis for this dissertation. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the indirect effect of social support, dispositional coping, coping strategies, tennis ability and cognitive appraisal upon competitive state anxiety. Significance of the investigation: The WTA Tour, the governing body of professional tennis, has identified the priorities of promoting career longevity, development of a balanced athlete, the attainment of a profitable career for its athletes and protecting the TOUR's most valuable commodity, athlete health (AEC Report, 1995). The findings of this investigation serve to guide future interventions for managing stress and coping among elite athletes. This is one of the first investigations with this under-studied population and therefore, contributes to the available body of knowledge in stress and coping among elite athletes. Methods: Ninety-four female tennis players responded to the Competition Questionnaire during a high stakes athletic competition. Questions addressed dispositional coping strategies, current coping strategies as well as perceived competitive state anxiety and perceived sense of social support. Measurement models were used prior to construction of sub-models based upon TA model theory. Goodness of fit was assessed with significant path scores retained to construct a final conceptual model. Findings: The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was supported as a measure of competitive state anxiety. A parsimonious measure of primary appraisal and secondary appraisal was found for this elite group of athletes. Results yielded support for the strong effect of primary appraisal upon increased competitive state anxiety. In addition, both social support and secondary appraisal demonstrated a significant effect with lower competitive state anxiety. Tennis ability as measured by current rank did not have a significant effect upon appraisal, coping strategies nor competitive state anxiety. Conclusions: Based upon these results, a variation of the TA model as constructed within this investigation was found to be relevant for this elite group. The constructed conceptual model can be used to guide current and future interventions by health care practitioners that interact closely with these athletes during high stress competitive events. Implications for future interventions with this population include the need for enhancement of challenging appraisals and the need for restructuring of threatening appraisals. Though caution must be used when generalizing results, findings add to the body of knowledge regarding this under-investigated population. Future investigations could focus upon replication of results, investigation regarding the function of social support and the comparison of specific coping strategies used by subsets of athletes within this population.<br>text
49
Carvalho, Joana Pinheiro de. "De corpo e alma na competição : o papel da resiliência mental e da avaliação cognitiva no rendimento desportivo." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/34799.
Full textAbstract:
A relação entre a resiliência mental e o rendimento desportivo tem vindo a ser amplamente conhecida. Todavia, o processo pelo qual esta relação acontece, particularmente em situações de elevado stress, como as competições desportivas, permanece desconhecido. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o papel da resiliência mental na forma como os atletas interpretam situações de competição (avaliação cognitiva) e a consequente influência dessa interpretação no rendimento desportivo. Foram recolhidos dados de pré e pós jogo de 12 atletas masculinos de basquetebol da primeira liga ao longo de 7 jogos (56 unidades de análise). A resiliência mental e a avaliação cognitiva mostraram-se preditores dos indicadores de rendimento objetivo (e.g., pontos realizados e minutos jogados) mas não da perceção de rendimento desportivo. Verificou-se uma relação de mediação total entre a resiliência mental e o total de pontos realizados e de minutos jogados, ambos via perceção de controlo: níveis mais elevados de resiliência mental predisseram maior perceção de controlo da situação stressante o que, por sua vez, contribuiu para um rendimento mais positivo (mais pontos realizados e minutos jogados). Assim, a resiliência mental é importante na predição do rendimento desportivo objetivo, mas não no subjetivo, sendo esta relação parcialmente explicada pela avaliação cognitiva.<br>The relationship between mental toughness and sports performance has become widely known. However, the process by which this relationship occurs, particularly in situations of high stress such as sporting competitions, remains unknown. This study aimed to analyze the role of mental resilience in the way athletes interpret competitive situations (cognitive appraisal) and, consequently, the influence of this interpretation on sports performance. Over 7 matches, pre- and post-game data were collected from 12 male basketball athletes playing on the national league (56 units of analysis). Mental toughness and cognitive appraisal were predictors of objective performance indicators (e.g., points scored and minutes played) but not of the athletes’ perception of sports performance. There was a relationship of total mediation between mental toughness and total points scored and minutes played, both via perception of control: higher levels of mental toughness predicted greater perception of control of the stressful situation, which, in turn, predicted a more positive performance (more points achieved and minutes played).Thus, it was concluded that mental toughness is important in predicting objective sports performance, but not subjective performance, and this relationship was partially explained by cognitive assessment.
50
Gonçalves, Beatriz Martins. "Adaptação a um evento stressante em jovens atletas de futebol federados." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/55698.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia<br>Este estudo teve como objetivo perceber como é que os jovens atletas de alta competição se adaptam, lidam e reagem a uma situação específica de stress no desporto. Participaram 373 jovens atletas do sexo masculino a competir no campeonato nacional de futebol, com idades dos 14 aos 19 anos (M = 16.93; DP = 1.00). O protocolo de avaliação incluiu um Questionário Demográfico, Questionário de Stress na Competição Desportiva, Escala de Avaliação Cognitiva, Questionário de Perceção do Rendimento Desportivo e o Inventário de Confiança no Desporto. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos atletas apontam como principais fontes de stress a possibilidade de obterem um rendimento desportivo negativo ou abaixo do esperado e a possibilidade de cometerem erros. Foi também observado que a avaliação cognitiva mediou parcialmente a relação estabelecida entre os fatores de stress e a perceção de rendimento desportivo e mediou totalmente a relação entre os fatores de stress e a confiança. Em suma, torna-se importante ter em conta o papel dos processos de avaliação cognitiva na adaptação ao stress por parte dos jovens atletas, sugerindo a continuação de investigação futura relativamente a esta temática.<br>The aim of this study was to understand how young federate athletes, adapt, deal with, and react themselves to a specific stressful situation in sports. The target group was 373 youth male athletes, between 14 to 19 years of age (M = 16.93; DP = 1.00), who are competing in the national football championship. The evaluation protocol included a Demographic Questionnaire, the Questionnaire of Competitive Stressors in Sport, Cognitive Appraisal Scale, Sport Performance Perception Questionnaire and Sport Confidence Inventory. The results revealed that the majority of the athletes pointed out as main sources of stress, the possibility of obtaining a negative or lower than expected sports performance and the possibility of making mistakes. It was also revealed that the cognitive appraisal partially mediated the established relationship between the stress factors and sports performance perception and totally mediated the relationship between the stress factors and confidence. In conclusion, it is important to take into account the role of the cognitive appraisal processes in adaptation to stress by youth athletes, suggesting a further investigation in the future on this theme.