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Academic literature on the topic 'Transaktionskostnader'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transaktionskostnader"
Lindqvist, Sylwia. "Transaktionsprocess och transaktionskostnader för småfastigheter : en internationell jämförelse." Licentiate thesis, KTH, School of Architecture and the Built Environment (ABE), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4093.
Full textThe study deals with real estate transaction for one-family houses and aims to compare and analyse the transaction processes and costs in six countries: Sweden, Finland, Norway, Poland, England and USA. The study identifies the main features of the normal transaction in each country and tries to measure the costs of the process. A basic description of the role of the real estate agent/broker is presented, referring among others to legal role of the agent/broker and the requirements for being allowed to work as real estate agent/broker.
The conclusions of the study are that transaction processes differ considerably between the countries and that transaction costs vary. Only in Sweden and Norway, can and may a real estate broker carry out the whole transaction while in Poland, England and USA either a notary, an attorney or an otherwise authorized person is also required in the process. In Finland a purchase witness is required to confirm the purchase. It is difficult to arrange the countries in a clear way according to their rules, because even if a group of countries resemble each other in some aspects, they differ in others.
There is no clear connection between how large part a real estate broker plays in the process and the broker’s education level.
The total transaction costs excluding taxes vary from approx. 3-3.5 % of selling price in Norway and Sweden and up to approx. 8-8.5 % of selling price in USA and Poland. The transaction cost is, for example, lower if the recording system is well arranged, if a real estate broker has a bigger part in the process and the conveyancer, the professional who assists in the legal transfer of property, is impartial. The cost can also, but not always, be lower if only one real estate broker works with one commission and if the real estate broker is impartial, i.e. is enjoined to assist both parts in the process.
In the countries where a real estate broker has a higher level of education and plays bigger part in the process, the estate agents remuneration is not higher compared to other studied countries
Edholm, Zacharias, Kevin Lundberg, and Jonathan Malmberg. "Finansiella marknadsprogram i kommunal sektor Ett institutionellt perspektiv på transaktionskostnader." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-51432.
Full textNorrbin, Filippa, and Ebba Stenbeck. "Vägen till lyckad robotrådgivning : En kvalitativ studie om kundförtroende och transaktionskostnader." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-150926.
Full textBackground: The automated advisory is a new phenomenon at the Swedish market which means that the customers is faced with new challenges when it comes to investment advisory. It has in previous research not been investigated how the confidence is regarding the robo advisory through a customer-perspective which contributes to an interest from the author’s side to cover this knowledge gap. Aim: The aim with this essay is to investigate the conditions for the automated customer advisory to penetrate the market widely, this by analyze potential customers confidence for the service and supplier together with how the customers looks at potential transaction cost barriers. The later by investigating how the customer perceives the available information, the need for financial literacy, psychological traps together with the customers view on deceitful behavior. Completion: The completion of the study is based on a qualitative approach with eight private individuals and one product owner. The respondent’s confidence and opinions have been investigated by setting up a hypothetical scenario regarding the automated advisory. It has later on been compared how well the robo advisory can handle the problems that may occur during investment advisory compared to the traditional advisory to simplify the respondents opportunity to give as developed and nuanced answers as possible. Conclusion: The study shows that the general confidence for the automated advisory can be considered equivalent with what exists for the traditional advisory, but the automated advisory have a great shortage in the asymmetrical information which prevails between the customer and the robot. Because of the asymmetric information the customer may have difficulties to determine the quality of the robo advisory, which can lead to the customer refraining to use a robo-advisor.
Stynsberg, Gustav. "Transaktionskostnader, skogsbränder och offentlig upphandling : Hur kan skogsbrandsberedskapen upphandlas mer effektivt?" Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85962.
Full textWildfire emergency services are collective goods which often are delivered by the government. The efficacy of this has been tested, as climate change has brought upon greater and more frequent wildfires ravaging across Sweden. The efficiency has shown to be limited, because of shortcomings in financial and institutional aspects. The situation gives serious complications for human as well as economic life. Because the private sector can offer viable solutions that are cost-effective and innovative, the implementation of these into wildfire emergency services becomes an interesting idea. This literature study will compare the differences in transaction costs between two procurement procedures, to deduce which option is best for a procurement of helicopter services within wildfire emergency services. The procedures are competitive dialogue procedure, and the negotiated procedure with prior publication. This study concludes that the competitive dialogue is the best procedure due to its flexibility, which is needed in this transaction.
Rosander, Sofia, and Sophia Pettersson. "Hur kan spararna påverka fondbolagens transaktionskostnader? : En kvalitativ studie utifrån Hirschmans transaktionskostnadsteori." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6546.
Full textUnder de senaste åren har marknaden för svenskarnas olika sparandeformer förändrats. För bara några år sedan hade storbankerna oligopol på marknaden, med många trofasta kunder som varken ifrågasatte bankens avgifter eller rådgivning styrde de marknaden efter sina egna villkor. Nya aktörer har funnit en lucka in på marknaden som därmed har gått mot en allt friare konkurrens. Stark kritik har riktats mot bankernas höga avgifter och deras begränsade utbud. De nya aktörerna som bland annat består av Internetmäklare och fristående rådgivare erbjuder kunderna ett större utbud till en lägre avgift. När konkurrensen hårdnar blir det viktigare för alla parter att beakta kundernas beteende och agerande i olika situationer. För att se hur detta beteende ter sig och påverkar transaktionskostnader så har kvalitativa intervjuer hos Internetmäklare, banker och rådgivare genomförts. Det empiriska underlaget har analyserats utifrån Hirschmans transaktionskostnadsteori. Teorin handlar om kunders utövande av exit, lämnar förvaltaren, voice gör sin röst hörd för att kunna påverka sin missnöjesreaktion och loyalty, ses som en passivitet ur kundens synvinkel. Hur de olika förfaranden och aspekter påverkar transaktionskostnaderna hos de intervjuade företagen genomsyrar uppsatsen. Slutsatsens övergripande resultat visar på att exit alltmer blivit ett beteende som anammats för att uppnå lägre transaktionskostnader, samtidigt som lojaliteten mot fondbolagen minskar. Efter att ha läst denna uppsats kommer läsaren förhoppningsvis att besitta en djupare förståelse för hur fondbolagen påverkas utifrån Hirschmans transaktionskostnadsteori.
Björkman, Joanna, and Maria Glanz. "Multilateral Trading Facility : En institutionell analys av multilateral trading facilities påverkan på transaktionskostnader." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-84940.
Full textBACKGROUND: The MiFID-directive was implemented in 2007, with the main purpose to increase competition in the European stock markets. At the same time, the abolishment of the exchange monopoly made it possible for several new market venues to emerge on the stock market, such as multilateral trading facilities (MTF). With this establishment the stock markets have gone through a structural change, which may have led to changes in transaction costs and given occurrence of unexpected effects. This is something that today, five years after the implementation of MiFID, is discussed frequently. AIM: The main purpose of this study is to map, and from institutional theory analyse how the introduction of multilateral trading facilities have changed and influenced transaction costs in Swedish market venues that realize stock trading. A sub-purpose is to describe the institution multilateral trading facility and its emergence. COMPLETION: The study uses a qualitative method where interviews have been made with suitable parties at the stock market in Sweden. The qualitative interviews have contributed to a detailed empirical description of the establishment of MTF and how they have affected the stock market. Further, the interviews along with a review of directives and laws, has created a documentation of MTF. To assess the impact on transaction costs an analysis with gathered empirical data and institutional economic theory has been made. CONCLUTION: The study shows that transaction costs have changed since the establishment of MTF. Reduced trade costs have led to lower transaction costs, at the same time the total transaction costs of market data has increased. Unexpected effects are mainly due to increased investments in terms of market access fees and technology-related costs, which have resulted in high transaction costs. Even trade outside the open market has increased. MiFID and MTF have in some way affected all parties. No specific winners have been selected, however, the authors state that institutional investors have lost more than they have won.
Blomén, Sandra, and Sandra Sandahl. "Vart tog kostnaden vägen? : En studie om avskaffandet av revisionspliktens effekter." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-26439.
Full textPetersson, Daniel, Kristin Vikdahl, and Jesper Nilemar. "Utvecklingen av den svenska företagsobligationsmarknaden : En institutionell analys av förändrade förutsättningar och dess påverkan på transaktionskostnader." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102459.
Full textBackground: Swedish corporates’ debt financing have historically mostly consisted of bank loans instead of corporate bonds. Since the beginning of the financial crisis of 2008, leading up to the fourth quarter of 2012, the Swedish corporate bond market has grown by over 60 per cent. Media coverage of the market presents a picture where the corporate bond market has become an important source of financing as a result of the legal framework Basel III. A study of the corporate bond market has been requested by the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise. Aim: The purpose of the study is to identify and, by the use of institutional theory, analyse how the market conditions in the Swedish corporate bond market have changed since the year of 2008. Completion: To achieve the purpose of the study a qualitative research method has been applied. Empirical data have been collected through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the Swedish corporate bond market. An interview guide was designed from an institutional theory perspective with a focus on transaction costs. The same theoretical framework has been used to analyze the empirical data. Conclusion: Before the year of 2008, debt financing was characterised by bank loans. This was the result of the banks’ ability to keep transaction costs low. Since the year of 2008, institutional changes have decreased transaction costs on the Swedish corporate bond market. Corporate bonds have become a more attractive alternative for many companies, even though small companies are still excluded from the market.
Lindholm, Peter. "EDI reducerar transaktionskostnader : En studie över faktorer som ökar andelen EDI-projekt i stora och små organisationer." Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6440.
Full textTrots långt driven datorisering sker fortfarande en stor del av informationsöverföringen mellan företag med hjälp av pappersdokument. I stort sett all information finns ursprungligen i ett datorsystem, men när det skall föras över till handelspartners eller myndigheter skrivs det ut på papper och skickas per fax, brev eller bud vidare till mottagaren. Denna registrerar till stor del samma uppgifter genom manuell inmatning i sitt datorsystem. Syftet med undersökningen är att identifiera viktiga faktorer som minskar gapet mellan småföretagets inställning till EDI och stora organisationers inställning till införandet och där finna framgångsfaktorer som överbryggar eller minskar gapet. Teorin påvisar att småföretag får mindre fördelar av EDI än de större företag som det har EDI koppling emot. Samtidigt har många EDI forskare upptäckt vikten av en hög integration för att nå framgång med EDI. Tyvärr finns det ett utbrett motstånd mot att ansluta sig, inom små organisationer. För att undersöka detta fenomen har tre viktiga faktorer identifierats som utgör företagets potential för EDI adoption 1. Förväntade fördelar av EDI. 2Verksamhetens mognadsgrad. 3.Externa påtryckningar Undersökningen har grundats på respondenternas syn på EDI. Frågor till organisationerna har berört vad de väver in för tankar och erfarenheter kopplat till begreppet EDI och den integration man genomlevt eller ser sig genomleva. I ett senare skede har relevanta teoriaspekter lyfts fram och kopplingar har dragits mellan intervjuresultaten och teoretiska synpunkter. I analysdelen har de olika kategorierna presenterats var för sig för att belysa olika aspekter inom samma område. Inom ramen för analysen sammanfattas de olika ståndpunkter som utgör skillnader i uppfattning eller direkta motstånd till att införa EDI. Slutligen för jag ett resonemang kring de olika avsnitt som bildar begreppet EDI och de processer som sammankopplas till en integration. Undersökningen genererar ett antal svar och nya frågeställningar som kan behöva ventileras. Följande slutsatser belyser i hög grad vad som ligger till grund för en framgångsrik ökning av antalet integrationer bland småföretag och även mottagare: - Framtagandet av en enhetlig standard för EDI - Upplysning och utbildning för småföretagare som har en låg IT-mognad - Förväntade fördelar med EDI. What´s in it for me? EDI är till 90 procent affärer och till 10 procent IT. Det behövs underlag som påvisar vilka positiva effekter EDI har för små företag. Man har inte samma förutsättningar, som stora organisationer, som krävs för att tillgodogöra sig information eller på annat sätt skapa underlag för beslut för införande av EDI. Att skapa underlag för förhöjda förväntningar för små företag är en stor förutsättning för en ökad integration.
Thorsell, David, and Björn Klang. "Att sätta gränser : Transporter i egen regi eller genom outsourcing?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för ekonomi och företagande, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9534.
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