Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transaldolase

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Academic literature on the topic 'Transaldolase'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Transaldolase"

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Soderberg, Tim, and Robert C. Alver. "Transaldolase ofMethanocaldococcus jannaschii." Archaea 1, no. 4 (2004): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/608428.

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TheMethanocaldococcus jannaschiigenome contains putative genes for all four nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway enzymes. Open reading frame (ORF) MJ0960 is a member of themipB/talCfamily of ‘transaldolase-like’ genes, so named because of their similarity to the well-characterized transaldolase B gene family. However, recently, it has been reported that both themipBand thetalCgenes fromEscherichia coliencode novel enzymes with fructose-6-phosphate aldolase activity, not transaldolase activity (Schürmann and Sprenger 2001). The same study reports that other members of themipB/talCfamily appear to encode transaldolases. To confirm the function of MJ0960 and to clarify the presence of a nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway inM. jannaschii, we have cloned ORF MJ0960 fromM. jannaschiigenomic DNA and purified the recombinant protein. MJ0960 encodes a transaldolase and displays no fructose-6-phosphate aldolase activity. It retained full activity for 4 h at 80 °C, and for 3 weeks at 25 °C.Methanocaldococcus jannaschiitransaldolase has a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 1.0 ± 0.2 µmol min–1mg–1at 25 °C, whereasVmax= 12.0 ± 0.5 µmol min–1mg–1at 50 °C. Apparent Michaelis constants at 50 °C wereKm= 0.65 ± 0.09 mM for fructose-6-phosphate andKm= 27.8 ± 4.3 µM for erythrose-4-phosphate. When ribose-5-phosphate replaced erythrose-4-phosphate as an aldose acceptor,Vmaxdecreased twofold, whereas theKmwas 150-fold higher. The molecular mass of the active enzyme is 271 ± 27 kDa as estimated by gel filtration, whereas the predicted monomer size is 23.96 kDa, suggesting that the native form of the protein is probably a decamer. A readily available source of thermophilic pentose phosphate pathway enzymes including transaldolase may have direct application in enzymatic biohydrogen production.
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Lachaise, Fabienne, Ghislaine Sommé, Gilles Carpentier, Eric Granjeon, Simon Webster, and Denise Baghdassarian. "A transaldolase." Endocrine 5, no. 1 (1996): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02738652.

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Requena, Teresa, Jeremy Burton, Takahiro Matsuki, et al. "Identification, Detection, and Enumeration of Human Bifidobacterium Species by PCR Targeting the Transaldolase Gene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 5 (2002): 2420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.5.2420-2427.2002.

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ABSTRACT Methods that enabled the identification, detection, and enumeration of Bifidobacterium species by PCR targeting the transaldolase gene were tested. Bifidobacterial species isolated from the feces of human adults and babies were identified by PCR amplification of a 301-bp transaldolase gene sequence and comparison of the relative migrations of the DNA fragments in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Two subtypes of Bifidobacterium longum, five subtypes of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and two subtypes of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum could be differentiated using PCR-DGGE. Bifidobacterium angulatum and B. catenulatum type cultures could not be differentiated from each other. Bifidobacterial species were also detected directly in fecal samples by this combination of PCR and DGGE. The number of species detected was less than that detected by PCR using species-specific primers targeting 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Real-time quantitative PCR targeting a 110-bp transaldolase gene sequence was used to enumerate bifidobacteria in fecal samples. Real-time quantitative PCR measurements of bifidobacteria in fecal samples from adults correlated well with results obtained by culture when either a 16S rDNA sequence or the transaldolase gene sequence was targeted. In the case of samples from infants, 16S rDNA-targeted PCR was superior to PCR targeting the transaldolase gene for the quantification of bifidobacterial populations.
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Perl, Andras. "The pathogenesis of transaldolase deficiency." IUBMB Life 59, no. 6 (2007): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15216540701387188.

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Caillau, Maxime, and W. Paul Quick. "New insights into plant transaldolase." Plant Journal 43, no. 1 (2005): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02427.x.

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Basu, Rita, Cristina Barosa, Ananda Basu, et al. "Transaldolase exchange and its effects on measurements of gluconeogenesis in humans." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 300, no. 2 (2011): E296—E303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00403.2010.

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The deuterated water method is used extensively to measure gluconeogenesis in humans. This method assumes negligible exchange of the lower three carbons of fructose 6-phsophate via transaldolase exchange since this exchange will result in enrichment of carbon 5 of glucose in the absence of net gluconeogenesis. The present studies tested this assumption. 2H2O and acetaminophen were ingested and [1-13C]acetate infused in 11 nondiabetic subjects after a 16-h fast. Plasma and urinary glucuronide enrichments were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and during a 0.35 mU·kg FFM−1·min−1 insulin infusion. Rates of endogenous glucose production measured with [3-3H]- and [6,6-2H2]glucose did not differ either before (14.0 ± 0.7 vs. 13.8 ± 0.7 μmol·kg−1·min−1) or during the clamp (10.4 ± 0.9 vs. 10.9 ± 0.7 μmol·kg−1·min−1), consistent with equilibration and quantitative removal of tritium during triose isomerase exchange. Plasma [3-13C] glucose-to-[4-13C]glucose and urinary [3-13C] glucuronide-to-[4-13C]glucuronide ratios were <1.0 ( P < 0.001) in all subjects both before (0.66 ± 0.04 and 0.60 ± 0.04) and during (059 ± 0.05 and 0.56 ± 0.06) the insulin infusion, respectively, indicating that ∼35–45% of the labeling of the 5th carbon of glucose by deuterium was due to transaldolase exchange rather than gluconeogenesis. When corrected for transaldolase exchange, rates of gluconeogenesis were lower ( P < 0.001) and glycogenolysis higher ( P < 0.001) than uncorrected rates both before and during the insulin infusion. In conclusion, assuming negligible dilution by glycerol and near-complete triose isomerase equilibration, these data provide strong experimental evidence that transaldolase exchange occurs in humans, resulting in an overestimate of gluconeogenesis and an underestimate of glycogenolysis when measured with the 2H2O method. Use of appropriate 13C tracers provides a means of correcting for transaldolase exchange.
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Salihu, Rabiu. "In-Silico Structural Modelling of Transaldolase from Helicobacter pylori (Strain G27) A Class I Transaldolase." International Journal of Pure & Applied Bioscience 4, no. 2 (2016): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2320-7051.2255.

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Browning, Jeffrey D., and Shawn C. Burgess. "Use of 2H2O for estimating rates of gluconeogenesis: determination and correction of error due to transaldolase exchange." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 303, no. 11 (2012): E1304—E1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00306.2012.

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The use of deuterated water as a method to measure gluconeogenesis has previously been well validated and is reflective of normal human physiology. However, there has been concern since the method was first introduced that transaldolase exchange may lead to the overestimation of gluconeogenesis. We examined the impact of transaldolase exchange on the estimation of gluconenogenesis using the deuterated water method under a variety of physiological conditions in humans by using the gluconeogenic tracer [U-13C]propionate, 2H2O, and 2H/13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. When [U-13C]propionate was used, 13C labeling inequality occurred between the top and bottom halves of glucose in individuals fasted for 12–24 h who were weight stable ( n = 18) or had lost weight via calorie restriction ( n = 7), consistent with transaldolase exchange. Similar analysis of glucose standards revealed no significant difference in the total 13C enrichment between the top and bottom halves of glucose, indicating that the differences detected were biological, not analytical, in origin. This labeling inequality was attenuated by extending the fasting period to 48 h ( n = 12) as well as by dietary carbohydrate restriction ( n = 7), both conditions associated with decreased glycogenolysis. These findings were consistent with a transaldolase effect; however, the resultant overestimation of gluconeogenesis in the overnight-fasted state was modest (7–12%), leading to an error of 14–24% that was easily correctable by using either a simultaneous 13C gluconeogenic tracer or a correction nomogram generated from data in the present study.
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Light, Samuel H., and Wayne F. Anderson. "Arabinose 5-phosphate covalently inhibits transaldolase." Journal of Structural and Functional Genomics 15, no. 1 (2014): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10969-014-9174-1.

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Samland, Anne K., and Georg A. Sprenger. "Transaldolase: From biochemistry to human disease." International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 41, no. 7 (2009): 1482–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2009.02.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transaldolase"

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Thorell, Stina. "The transaldolase family : structure, function and evolution /." Stockholm, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-628-4923-9/.

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Morath, Jakob Paul. "Transaldolase 1 is required for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21426.

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Transaldolase-Mangel (TALDO) ist ein extrem seltener, angeborener Stoffwechseldefekt, von dem weltweit nur 34 Fälle bekannt sind. Der Defekt geht auf den Verlust des Enzyms Transaldolase 1 aus dem nicht-oxidativen Pentosephosphat-Weg (nicht-oxPPW) zurück und äußert sich in einem weiten Spektrum klinischer Symptome. Die schwerwiegendsten Folgen sind Leber- und Nierenmangelfunktionen, die zum sehr frühen Tod führen können. Desweiteren leiden 15 % der Patienten an wiederkehrenden Infektionen. Neutrophile Granulozyten (Neutrophile) sind die häufigsten weißen Blutkörperchen im Menschen und essentiell für die angeborene Immunantwort gegen Infektionserreger. Ich habe hier funktionale Aspekte von TALDO-Neutrophilen untersucht. Der oxidative Pentosephosphat-Weg (oxPPW) stellt das Reduktionsäquivalent NADPH bereit, welches indirekt für die Entstehung von reactive oxygen species (ROS)-abhängigen Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) verantwortlich ist. Der Beitrag des nicht-oxPPW zur ROS-abhängigen NET-Bildung ist bislang nicht bekannt. In dieser Arbeit konnte ich für Neutrophile aus drei TALDO-Patienten eine jeweils komplett abwesende Entstehung ROS-abhängiger NETs und einen deutlich verringerten oxidativen Burst nach PMA-Stimulation zeigen. Um diese Beobachtungen in einem unabhängigen Modelsystem zu bestätigen, habe ich mit Hilfe des CRISPR-Cas9-Systems, ‚knock-out‘ Mutanten von Transaldolase 1 und dessen Partnerenzym Transketolase in der Neutrophil-ähnlichen Zelllinie PLB-985 hergestellt. Die dergestalt genetisch manipulierten Zellen waren nicht mehr zu PMA-induziertem Zelltod in der Lage. Dies ist somit der erste genetische Beweis für die Abhängigkeit des oxidativen Burst und der Bildung von NETs vom nicht-oxPPW. Diese Erkenntnis trägt zum einen zum mechanistischen Verständnis der NET-Entstehung bei und liefert zum anderen eine potentielle Erklärung für einige der bei TALDO beobachteten Symptome. Desweiteren wurden einige der metabolischen Erfordernisse für die Bildung von NETs mit Hilfe von Inhibitoren untersucht. Die erhaltenen Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass das initiale Maximum des oxidativen Bursts für NET-Bildung unerheblich ist und vielmehr die ROS-Generierung nach ca. 50 Minuten entscheidende Bedeutung für diese hat.<br>Transdaldolase 1-deficiency (TALDO) is a rare genetic disease with only 34 described cases globally. Transaldolase 1 is part of the non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and its deficiency results in many clinical symptoms including kidney and liver failure, which can lead to early child-mortality. Some of these patients suffer from recurrent infections, for example in the respiratory tract. Neutrophils are the most abundant white blood cells and essential for the innate immune defence against bacterial and fungal pathogens. The PPP generates reduced NADPH that is crucial for the generation of superoxide by the NADPH oxidase NOX2. In turn, NOX2 is essential for neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. NETs occur through the neutrophil-specific cell death netosis and consist of chromatin decorated with granular proteins. Here I report that neutrophils of three TALDO patients did not make NETs. Deletion of transaldolase 1, and its partner enzyme transketolase, in the neutrophil-like PLB-985 cell line reduced ROS generation and cell death. This confirms that transaldolase 1 is required for NET formation. We present, to the best of our knowledge, the first genetic evidence that the non-oxidative PPP is required for ROS generation and NET formation. Furthermore, some of the metabolic requirements for NET formation were assessed. The obtained data indicate that the initial peak of the oxidative burst is irrelevant for NET formation but the ROS generation after 50 minutes on the contrary has crucial significance.
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Prado, Ana Karla Miranda [UNESP]. "Caracterização biofísica da interação entre o flavonoide Morina e a proteína Transaldolase isolada de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150451.

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Submitted by ANA KARLA MIRANDA PRADO null (karlinhamprado@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-24T20:41:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaçãoAnaCorrecao final.pdf: 2950511 bytes, checksum: 267c66c96725c6306041b2f73554ba8d (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-26T13:59:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_ak_me_sjrp.pdf: 2950511 bytes, checksum: 267c66c96725c6306041b2f73554ba8d (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-26T13:59:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 prado_ak_me_sjrp.pdf: 2950511 bytes, checksum: 267c66c96725c6306041b2f73554ba8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis é uma bactéria gram-positiva causadora da Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) em caprinos e ovinos. A LC é uma doença infectocontagiosa crônica que prejudica a produção de carne, leite e lã em vários países, incluindo o Brasil. Uma vez que o tratamento da doença é muitas vezes inviável e ineficaz, a eliminação dos animais infectados no rebanho tem sido uma das principais medidas de contenção da enfermidade. Vários grupos de pesquisa vem se dedicando ao estudo de C. pseudotuberculosis visando a identificação de fatores moleculares envolvidos na virulência e patogenicidade durante a infecção. Embora alguns destes componentes já tenham sido descritos, como a fosfolipase D, novos estudos são necessários para que seja possível compreender as diversas interações regulatórias que são intrínsecas a esse microrganismo, assim muitos grupos de pesquisas produzem de forma recombinante a enzima transaldolase de C. pseudotuberculosis, envolvida na glicólise e no metabolismo das pentoses-fosfato a fim de buscar inibidores que possam controlar sua ação enzimática. Nesse contexto, os flavonoides são compostos polifenólicos encontrados nas plantas e, em alguns casos, atuam como inibidores de infecções por microrganismos. Assim, a motivação deste trabalho consistiu em identificar e quantificar uma possível interação do flavonoide morina com a enzima transaldolase, a fim de bloquear a atividade de replicação e infecção de LC. Deste modo os objetivos desse estudo foram realizar a expressão, purificação, a caracterização da estrutura secundária e estabilidade térmica por dicroísmo circular e verificação de interação entre transaldolase e morina por espectroscopia de fluorescência da proteína transaldolase. Os resultados da expressão mostram que a proteína transaldolase com 40kDa foi purificada em cromatografia de afinidade seguida de cromatografia de exclusão molecular. A sua estrutura secundária apresentou 74% de alfa hélice, 0% de folha beta, 7,9% de alças e 18,1 % de estruturas aleatórias. A análise da desnaturação térmica mostrou que a temperatura de melting foi de 48°C, indicando que a proteína é estável. A interação entre Morina e Transaldolase apresentou mecanismo de supressão estáticodinâmico, com uma constante de associação moderada e um sítio de interação. A análise termodinâmica mostrou que o processo de interação é espontâneo ∆G<0, endotérmico ∆H>0 e entrópico ∆S<0. Assim, sabendo-se que a proteína Transaldolase é a proteína chave no processo das infecções por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis e considerando as propriedades antibacterianas e antiproliferativas do flavonoide morina, sugere-se que este composto possa ser investigado para os seus usos específicos. Sugere-se que a interação da transaldolase com a Morina possa exercer um papel de carreador ou seja, uma forma pela qual a proteína leva a molécula para o local que ela atua, e, assim, a Morina consiga realizar sua função antiproliferativa e bloquear as infecções.<br>Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a gram-positive bacterium which causes Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) in small ruminants. CL is a chronic infectious disease which impairs meat, whool and milk production in many countries including Brazil. Once the treatment for CL is not efficient, removing affected animals from herds represents one of the major strategies to prevent the disease from spreading. Many research groups have been looking for molecular components in C. pseudotuberculosis that are involved in virulence and infection, among which phospholipase D stands out as the major one described so far. However, new studies are necessary for the understanding of the microorganism’s biology, including its intrinsic regulation mechanisms. The object of study of this work was the enzyme transaldolase involved in glycolysis and in the metabolism of pentoses-phosphate, necessary for the formation of nucleic acids that the bacterium uses to replicate in order to find inhibitors that can control its enzymatic action. In this context, flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in plants and, in some cases, act as inhibitors of infections by microorganisms. Thus, the purpose of this work is to identify and quantify a possible interaction of the flavonoid morin with the enzyme transaldolase, in order to block LC´s replication activity and infection. The objectives of this study included expression and purification of C. pseudotuberculosis´s transaldolase protein, the characterization of the secondary structure and thermal stability by circular dichroism and the study of the interaction between transaldolase and morin by fluorescence spectroscopy. The transaldolase protein, with approximately 40kDa, was purified on affinity chromatography followed by molecular exclusion chromatography. Its secondary structure had 74% of alpha helix, 0% of beta sheet, 7.9% of loops (turn) and 18.1% of random structures. The thermal denaturation analysis showed that the melting temperature is 48 °C, indicating that the protein is stable. The interaction between Morina and Transaldolase presented a static-dynamic suppression mechanism, with a moderate association constant and one interaction site. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the interaction process is spontaneous ΔG <0, endothermic ΔH> 0 and entropic ΔS <0. Thus, with the knowledge that Transaldolase protein is the key protein in the process of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections and considering the antibacterial and antiproliferative properties of the flavonoid morine, it is suggested that this compound can be investigated for its specific uses. It is suggested that the interaction of transaldolase with Morina may play a role of carrier, that is, a way in which the protein takes the molecule to the place it acts, and thus Morina can perform its antiproliferative function and block the Infections.
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Jia, Jia. "Crystallographic studies of transaldolase : implications for the enzymatic mechanism and the evolution of class I aldolases /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2718-9.

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Prado, Ana Karla Miranda. "Caracterização biofísica da interação entre o flavonoide Morina e a proteína Transaldolase isolada de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis /." São José do Rio Preto, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150451.

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Orientador: Fátima Pereira de Souza<br>Coorientador: Marcelo Andrés Fossey<br>Banca: Tatiana Elias Colombo<br>Banca: José Ramon Beltran Abrego<br>Resumo: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis é uma bactéria gram-positiva causadora da Linfadenite Caseosa (LC) em caprinos e ovinos. A LC é uma doença infectocontagiosa crônica que prejudica a produção de carne, leite e lã em vários países, incluindo o Brasil. Uma vez que o tratamento da doença é muitas vezes inviável e ineficaz, a eliminação dos animais infectados no rebanho tem sido uma das principais medidas de contenção da enfermidade. Vários grupos de pesquisa vem se dedicando ao estudo de C. pseudotuberculosis visando a identificação de fatores moleculares envolvidos na virulência e patogenicidade durante a infecção. Embora alguns destes componentes já tenham sido descritos, como a fosfolipase D, novos estudos são necessários para que seja possível compreender as diversas interações regulatórias que são intrínsecas a esse microrganismo, assim muitos grupos de pesquisas produzem de forma recombinante a enzima transaldolase de C. pseudotuberculosis, envolvida na glicólise e no metabolismo das pentoses-fosfato a fim de buscar inibidores que possam controlar sua ação enzimática. Nesse contexto, os flavonoides são compostos polifenólicos encontrados nas plantas e, em alguns casos, atuam como inibidores de infecções por microrganismos. Assim, a motivação deste trabalho consistiu em identificar e quantificar uma possível interação do flavonoide morina com a enzima transaldolase, a fim de bloquear a atividade de replicação e infecção de LC. Deste modo os objetivos desse estudo foram...<br>Abstract: Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is a gram-positive bacterium which causes Caseous Lymphadenitis (CL) in small ruminants. CL is a chronic infectious disease which impairs meat, whool and milk production in many countries including Brazil. Once the treatment for CL is not efficient, removing affected animals from herds represents one of the major strategies to prevent the disease from spreading. Many research groups have been looking for molecular components in C. pseudotuberculosis that are involved in virulence and infection, among which phospholipase D stands out as the major one described so far. However, new studies are necessary for the understanding of the microorganism's biology, including its intrinsic regulation mechanisms. The object of study of this work was the enzyme transaldolase involved in glycolysis and in the metabolism of pentoses-phosphate, necessary for the formation of nucleic acids that the bacterium uses to replicate in order to find inhibitors that can control its enzymatic action. In this context, flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found in plants and, in some cases, act as inhibitors of infections by microorganisms. Thus, the purpose of this work is to identify and quantify a possible interaction of the flavonoid morin with the enzyme transaldolase, in order to block LC's replication activity and infection. The objectives of this study included expression and purification of C. pseudotuberculosis's transaldolase protein, the characterization of the secondary structure and thermal stability by circular dichroism and the study of the interaction between transaldolase and morin by fluorescence spectroscopy. The transaldolase protein, with approximately 40kDa, was purified on affinity chromatography followed by molecular exclusion chromatography. Its secondary structure had 74% of alpha helix, 0% of beta sheet, 7.9% of loops (turn) and 18.1% of ...<br>Mestre
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Lehweß-Litzmann, Anja [Verfasser], Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Tittmann, Ralph [Akademischer Betreuer] Golbik, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Wahl. "Biochemische, kinetische und strukturelle Untersuchungen der Transaldolase aus Thermoplasma acidophilum / Anja Lehweß-Litzmann. Betreuer: Kai Tittmann ; Ralph Golbik ; Markus Wahl." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1025202724/34.

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Morath, Jakob Paul [Verfasser], Arturo [Gutachter] Zychlinsky, Simone [Gutachter] Reber, and Robin [Gutachter] Kobbe. "Transaldolase 1 is required for Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) Formation / Jakob Paul Morath ; Gutachter: Arturo Zychlinsky, Simone Reber, Robin Kobbe." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1212027078/34.

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Cross, Stuart M. "In vitro studies of the enzymes involved in fluorometabolite biosynthesis in Streptomyces cattleya." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/720.

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Enzymatic fluorination of natural products is extremely rare. Of the 4000 halogenated natural products identified, only 13 possess a fluorine atom. The C-F bond forming enzyme from the soil bacterium, Streptomyces cattleya, remains the only native enzyme to be identified that is capable of such biochemistry. It generates 5’-fluoro-5-deoxyadenosine (5‘-FDA) from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and F-. The “fluorinase” is the first committed step toward the biosynthesis of the two fluorometabolites, 4-fluorothreonine and fluoroacetate, via the common intermediate, fluoroacetaldehyde (FAld). The enzymatic steps responsible for the conversion of 5’-FDA to the fluorometabolites remained to be fully characterised when this project began. Previously, a purine nucleoside phosphorylase was identified that was capable of generating 5-fluorodeoxyribose-1-phosphate (5-FDRP) from 5’-FDA. 5-FDRP is subsequently isomerised to 5-fluorodeoxyribulose-1-phosphate (5-FDRulP) by an aldose-ketose isomerase enzyme. Chapter 2 describes the identification of the isomerase gene from the genomic DNA of S. cattleya and the corresponding protein product was capable of generating 5-FDRulP from 5-FDRP. The next intermediate, FAld, is generated from 5-FDRulP by a fuculose aldolase. Attempts to identify the aldolase gene from S. cattleya were unsuccessful, however a putative fuculose aldolase from Streptomyces coelicolor was isolated that could generate FAld from 5-FDRulP, which is described in Chapter 3. Following the identification and over expression of a PLP-dependant transaldolase, which generates 4-fluorothreonine (4-FT) from FAld and L-threonine in S. cattleya, Chapter 4 details the successful in vitro reconstitution of fluorometabolite biosynthesis using five over- expressed enzymes. In Chapter 5, attempts to develop a novel assay for fluorinase activity was explored. The colorimetric detection of L-methionine produced by the fluorinase in a coupled L-amino acid oxidase and horseradish peroxidase assay, leading to the oxidation of a dye substance. This was carried out with interest in developing a high-throughput assay for fluorinase mutants, generated by random mutagenesis, in order to identify those with increased activity. In the event, it proved unsuccessful.
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Sautner, Viktor [Verfasser], Kai [Akademischer Betreuer] Tittmann, Kai [Gutachter] Tittmann, and Marina [Gutachter] Rodnina. "Mechanistic Characterization of Transaldolase from Thermoplasma Acidophilum and Preliminary Analysis of the QncN/L-M Protein System from Streptomyces Melanovinaceus / Viktor Sautner ; Gutachter: Kai Tittmann, Marina Rodnina ; Betreuer: Kai Tittmann." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1152437623/34.

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Barnard, Sandra H. "Amalgamation of Nucleosides and Amino Acids in Antibiotic Biosynthesis." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/pharmacy_etds/20.

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The rapid increase in antibiotic resistance demands the identification of novel antibiotics with novel targets. One potential antibacterial target is the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan cell wall, which is both ubiquitous and necessary for bacterial survival. Both the caprazamycin-related compounds A-90289 and muraminomicin, as well as the capuramycin-related compounds A-503083 and A-102395 are potent inhibitors of the translocase I enzyme, one of the key enzymes required for cell wall biosynthesis. The caprazamycin-related compounds contain a core nonproteinogen b-hydroxy-a-amino acid referred to as 5’-C-glycyluridine (GlyU). Residing within the biosynthetic gene clusters of the aforementioned compounds is a shared open reading frame which encodes a putative serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT). The revelation of this shared open reading frame resulted in the proposal that this putative SHMT catalyzes an aldol-type condensation reaction utilizing glycine and uridine-5’-aldehyde, resulting in the GlyU core. The enzyme LipK involved in A-90289 biosynthesis was used as a model to functionally assign this putative SHMT to reveal its functions as an l-threonine: uridine-5’-aldehyde transaldolases. Biochemical analysis indicates enzymatic activity is dependent upon pyridoxal-5’-phosphate, is non-reactive with alternative amino acids, and produces acetaldehyde as a co-product. Structural characterization of the enzymatic product is consistent with (5’S,6’S)-GlyU indicating that this enzyme orchestrates a C-C bond breaking and formation resulting in two new stereocenters to make a new l-a-amino acid. The same activity was demonstrated for the LipK homologues involved in the biosynthesis of muraminomicin, A-503083, and A-102395. This l-threonine: uridine-5’-aldehyde transaldolase was used with alternative aldehyde substrates to prepare unusual l-a-amino acids, suggesting the potential for exploiting this enzyme to make new compounds.
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Book chapters on the topic "Transaldolase"

1

Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Transaldolase." In Enzyme Handbook 11. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61030-1_130.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Acetoin-ribose-5-phosphate transaldolase." In Enzyme Handbook 11. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61030-1_132.

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Jassim, Nada, Mohammed AlGhaihab, Suhail Al Saleh, Majid Alfadhel, Mirjam M. C. Wamelink, and Wafaa Eyaid. "Pulmonary Manifestations in a Patient with Transaldolase Deficiency." In JIMD Reports. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2013_243.

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Banne, Ehud, Vardiella Meiner, Avraham Shaag, et al. "Transaldolase Deficiency: A New Case Expands the Phenotypic Spectrum." In JIMD Reports. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2015_474.

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Lee-Barber, Jasmine, Taylor E. English, Jacquelyn F. Britton, et al. "Apparent Acetaminophen Toxicity in a Patient with Transaldolase Deficiency." In JIMD Reports. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2018_116.

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LeDuc, Charles A., Elizabeth E. Crouch, Ashley Wilson, et al. "Novel Association of Early Onset Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Transaldolase Deficiency." In JIMD Reports. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2013_254.

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Lipiński, Patryk, Joanna Pawłowska, Teresa Stradomska, et al. "Long-Term Systematic Monitoring of Four Polish Transaldolase Deficient Patients." In JIMD Reports. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2017_83.

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Rodan, Lance H., and Gerard T. Berry. "N-Acetylcysteine Therapy in an Infant with Transaldolase Deficiency Is Well Tolerated and Associated with Normalization of Alpha Fetoprotein Levels." In JIMD Reports. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8904_2016_555.

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Levering, P. R., and L. Dijkhuizen. "[63] Transaldolase Isoenzymes from Arthrobacter P1." In Hydrocarbons and Methylotrophy. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)88065-i.

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Horecker, B. L., and O. Tsolas. "[59] Purification and crystallization of transaldolase from Candida utilis." In Methods in Enzymology. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(90)82061-6.

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