Relevant bibliographies by topics / Transaminasen

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Transaminasen'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Transaminasen"

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Zachoval, Reinhart. "Transaminasen." MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 163, no. 9 (2021): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15006-021-9808-8.

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Lepper and Dufour. "Erhöhte Transaminasen – wie weiter, wenn bereits alles gesucht wurde?" Praxis 98, no. 6 (2009): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157.98.6.330.

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Transaminasen sowie γ-GT und alkalische Phosphatase (AP) werden im Allgemeinen als klassische Leberenzyme bezeichnet, kommen aber in fast jedem Organ vor. Eine Erhöhung der Transaminasen ALAT (Alanin-Aminotransferase oder GPT, Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase) und ASAT (Aspartat-Aminotransferase oder GOT, Glutamat-Oxalazetat-Transferase) zeigt eine Permeabilitätsstörung von Zellen an, die diese Enzyme enthalten. Während die ALAT weitgehend leberspezifisch ist, ist die ASAT z.B. auch in Skelett- und Herzmuskel vorhanden. Bei einer geringen Erhöhung dieser Enzyme ist zunächst eine Verlaufskontrolle angezeigt. Stammen die Transaminasen wahrscheinlich von einer Lebererkrankung und sind sie persistierend erhöht, so ist eine spezifische weitere Abklärung erforderlich. In diesem Manuskript diskutieren wir die häufig vergessenen Ursachen und beschreiben einen diagnostischen Algorithmus.
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Krähenbühl, Stephan. "Leicht erhöhte Transaminasen." Therapeutische Umschau 70, no. 5 (2013): 284–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000404.

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Erhöhte Transaminasen bei asymptomatischen Patienten kommen bei über 5 % der Untersuchungen vor. Wenn nicht offensichtliche Gründe vorliegen, sollte der Befund innerhalb der nächsten 3 Monate bestätigt werden. Häufige Ursachen sind nicht-alkoholische Fettleber (NAFLD), nicht-alkoholische Steatohepatitis (NASH), Alkohol, Virushepatitiden, Hämochromatose und Medikamente oder Toxine. Seltener sind Autoimmunhepatitis, M. Wilson und alpha1-Antitrypsinmangel. Daneben gibt es auch nicht hepatische Ursachen wie Sprue oder Hämolyse und Myopathien bei alleiniger Erhöhung der ASAT. Es wird ein zweiteiliger Abklärungsvorgang vorgeschlagen, in dem zuerst die häufigsten Ursachen gesucht und allenfalls therapeutisch angegangen werden, bevor die selteneren Ursachen abgeklärt werden. Die Wertigkeit der Untersuchungsmethoden wird diskutiert.
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Holstege, Axel. "Überraschende Transaminasen erhöhung." MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 156, no. 3 (2014): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15006-014-2665-y.

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Elke, Müllhaupt, and Battegay. "Transaminasen-Erhöhung – Differentialdiagnose und Abklärung." Praxis 97, no. 11 (2008): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157.97.11.587.

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Tiesmeier, Jens, Hans Peter Dienes, and Frank Schuppert. "Trotz Interferon stiegen die Transaminasen." MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin 151, no. 37 (2009): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03365818.

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Laaß, M. "Vorgehen bei Transaminasen -erhöhung im Kindesalter." Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 09, no. 04 (2009): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1629064.

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ZusammenfassungErhöhte Serumkonzentrationen von Transaminasen sind ein nicht seltener Befund im Kindesalter und bedürfen, wenn sie länger nachweisbar sind, stets einer Abklärung möglichst durch einen Kindergastroenterologen. Die Aspartat-Aminotransferase und die Alanin-Aminotransferase werden bei akuten und chronischen Leberzellschädigungen, aber auch bei Muskelerkrankungen freigesetzt. Kinder mit einem akuten Leberversagen müssen intensivmedizinisch betreut und möglichst schnell an ein Transplantationszentrum verlegt werden. Die Differenzialdiagnosen einer Transaminasenerhöhung unterscheiden sich nach dem Alter des Kindes. Mit wenigen Basis-untersuchungen, zu denen auch stets eine Sonografie des Abdomens gehört, lassen sich die möglichen Ursachen eingrenzen. Behandel-bare Erkrankungen wie die extrahepatische Gallengangatresie, der Morbus Wilson oder die Autoimmunhepatitis müssen rechtzeitig erkannt und therapiert werden.
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Zwick, Yvette C. "Myome: Transaminasen-Monitoring schafft optimierte Verordnungssicherheit." gynäkologie + geburtshilfe 23, no. 6 (2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s15013-018-1615-7.

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Elbl, Terracciano, Stallmach, Reinhart, and Jeker. "Pflanzliche Präparate sind nicht immer harmlos..." Praxis 101, no. 3 (2012): 195–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a000829.

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Eine Patientin nahm über einige Monate regelmässig Relaxane® und Hova® in den empfohlenen Normaldosierungen ein. Laborchemisch fielen erhöhte Transaminasen auf. Eine Leberbiopsie zeigte das Bild einer primär biliären Zirrhose. Nach Sistieren der Medikation mit Relaxane® und Hova® konnte über zwei Monate eine Rückläufigkeit der Transaminasen bis auf Normwerte beobachtet werden. Eine erneute Biopsie der Leber bestätigte eine deutliche Rückläufigkeit der initialen histologischen Veränderungen.
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Martin, K., B. Schlotter, J. Müller-Höcker, K. Loeschke, D. Pongratz, and C. Folwaczny. "26-jährige Patientin mit unklarer Transaminasen-Erhöhung." Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie 40, no. 10 (2002): 885–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-35263.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transaminasen"

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Schuster, Joachim. "Charakterisierung der Branched-Chain Aminotransferasen als wichtige Enzyme des Metabolismus verzweigtkettiger Aminosäuren in Höheren Pflanzen." Ulm : Universität Ulm, Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11293379.

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Skalden, Lilly [Verfasser]. "Untersuchungen von Amin-Transaminasen und ihre Anwendung in Kaskadenreaktionen. / Lilly Skalden." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081957980/34.

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Ritter, Holger. "Kristallstruktur einer Phenylalanin-Ammoniak-Lyase und Kristallisation einer Tyrosin-Aminomutase sowie Komplexstrukturen der Ecto-ADP-Ribosyltransferase ART2.2." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975656244.

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Knill, Tanja. "Charakterisierung der Funktion von Branched-Chain Aminotransferasen und Isopropylmalat Isomerasen im Primär- und/oder Sekundärmetabolismus in Arabidopsis thaliana." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-65228.

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Zimmermann, Jörg Martin. "Verhalten von Leberenzymen nach lumbalen Bandscheibenoperationen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97276559X.

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Iftikhar, Naila [Verfasser]. "Akute Phase Proteine und Transaminasen bei Probanden mit Steatosis hepatis: Eine Follow-Up Untersuchung über 11 Jahre an einem zufälligen Bevölkerungskollektiv. / Naila Iftikhar." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1119242703/34.

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Camargo, Camila de Andrade 1980. "Efeito da quercetina nas atividades fosfatasicas e seu efeito protetor na hepatotoxicidade induzida pelo acetaminofeno em camundongos." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314331.

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Orientadores: Hiroshi Aoyama, Marcio Andre Miranda<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T01:06:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Camargo_CamiladeAndrade_M.pdf: 1153945 bytes, checksum: d090e6ed4e436a5029c6e36de7786df1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: Os flavonóides são fitocompostos polifenólicos, caracterizados quimicamente como heterosídeos flavônicos. Apresentam diversas atividades biológicas devido às suas propriedades antioxidantes e habilidades em modular a atividade de diversas enzimas ou receptores celulares, tornando-os responsáveis pelo efeito protetor contra doenças relacionadas ao sistema cardiovascular; certas formas de câncer e doenças de fotossensibilidade e envelhecimento. As fosfatases ácidas, enzimas que hidrolisam ésteres fosfatos em meio ácido, encontram-se amplamente distribuídas no organismo. Estas enzimas são importantes no catabolismo de diversas substâncias, acreditando-se que a alteração da atividade destas enzimas esteja relacionada com modificações induzidas por drogas e por várias doenças. As transaminases são enzimas hepáticas cujo nível aumenta quando há lesão das células hepáticas (hepatócitos) provocada por qualquer tipo de agressão, como vírus, consumo excessivo de álcool ou drogas. O acetaminofeno é uma droga frequentemente usada como analgésico e antipirético. O dano hepático causado pelo uso frequente ou exagerado do acetaminofeno é comum hoje em dia. A manutenção correta dos sistemas metabólicos hepáticos é de grande importância para a manutenção da saúde. Desta forma, o estudo do flavonóide quercetina como possível protetor dos efeitos hepatotóxicos provocados pelo acetaminofeno pode ser muito promissor. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar os efeitos preventivos e terapêuticos, in vivo, do flavonóide quercetina sobre as atividades de fosfatases ácidas (total, tartarato-resistente e de baixa massa molecular relativa) e de transaminases glutâmica oxalacética (TGO) e glutâmica pirúvica (TGP) no fígado de camundongos, tratados ou não com acetaminofeno. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi realizado um tratamento agudo (24 horas), de camundongos machos da linhagem Swiss, com quercetina e acetaminofeno, utilizando-se óleo de milho ou nujol como veículo para o flavonóide. A dosagem da TGO e da TGP confirmou que o acetaminofeno pode realmente ser considerado hepatotóxico, quando administrado ou ingerido em grandes concentrações no organismo. A quercetina, dissolvida em óleo mineral, reverteu a hepatotoxicidade induzida pelo acetaminofeno, nos tratamento terapêutico e, em conjunto com acetaminofeno. A quercetina dissolvida em óleo de milho, no tratamento preventivo, pode não ser a única responsável pela reversão da hepatotoxicidade causada pela administração do acetaminofeno, uma vez que quando se substituiu o veículo utilizado, óleo de milho pelo óleo mineral, este efeito não foi mais observado. Comparando-se os resultados obtidos entre fosfatases e transaminases pode-se observar que a atividade da FATR, no tratamento com nujol, demosntra uma semelhança muito grande com os resultados observados nos gráficos das atividades das transaminases e provavelmente pode se considerada uma marcadora de dano hepático. O alfa-tocoferol, presente no óleo de milho, pode ter exercido um efeito antioxidante, e mascarado o efeito protetor da quercetina e a hepatotoxicidade do acetaminofeno. Este estudo foi importante para mostrar que a atividade dos flavonóides no organismo vivo pode ser influenciada por diversos fatores, como: a natureza do veículo utilizado na sua administração, ordem de administração e o tempo de permanecia no organismo<br>Abstract: Flavonoids are polyphenolic phytocompounds chemically characterized as flavonic heterosides. These compounds present several biological activities due to their antioxidant properties and hability to modulate the activities of enzymes or cellular receptors, making them responsible for the protector effect against diseases related to the cardiovascular system, certain forms of cancer, photosensibility diseases and aging. Acid phosphatases, enzymes that hydrolyze phosphate esters at acid medium, are largely distributed in the organisms. These enzymes are important in the catabolism of several compounds and could be related to the modifications induced by drugs and diseases. Transaminases are hepatic enzymes which levels increase in consequence of hepatic cells (hepatocytes) lesions provoked by agressions such as virus and excessive alcohol and drug consumption. Acetaminophen is a drug frequently used as analgesic and antipyretic. It is common the hepatic damage caused by the frequent or exaggerated use of acetaminophen. The correct maintenance of the hepatic metabolic systems is of great importance for the health. In this way, the study of the flavonoid quercetin as a possible protector of the hepatotoxic effects provoked by acetaminophen seems to be promising. The objectif of the present work was to study the in vivo effects of the flavonoid quercetin on the activities of acid phosphatases (total, tartrate-resistant and relative low molecular weight) and of transaminases glutamic oxalacetic (GOT) and glutamic pyruvic (GPT) in mice livers treated with acetaminophen. To develop this work, it was performed an acute treatment (24 hours) of Swiss male mice, with quercetin and acetaminophen, using corn oil or nujol as a vehicle for the flavonoid. The determination of GOT and GPT activities confirmed that acetaminophen can be considered hepatotoxic, when administered or ingested in great amount. In the therapeutic treatments, when applied with acetaminophen, quercetin, solubilized in mineral oil, reverted the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. In the preventive treatment, quercetin, solubilized in corn oil, might not be the only responsible for the reversibility, since this effect was no more observed when the vegetal oil was replaced by the mineral oil. The results with FATR, in the treatment with nujol, showed great similarity with the results obtained with transaminases, suggesting that this class of phosphatases could be considered as markers of hepatic damage. The alphatocopherol, present in the corn oil, could be exerting an antioxidant effect, masking the protector effect of quercetin and the acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. The importance of the present study was to stress that the in vivo flavonoids activities can be influenced by several factors, such as, the nature of the vehicle used in the administration, the order of administration and the retention time in the organism<br>Mestrado<br>Bioquimica<br>Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Yamamoto, Kagami Jin Marcos, and Núñez Jesús Sebastián Prado. "Asociación entre transaminasemia y resistencia a la insulina en una población urbana de Lima, Perú entre los años 2014 y 2016." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/628126.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre los niveles elevados de transaminasemia y resistencia a la insulina en una población de individuos sin alteraciones laboratoriales previas de glicemia, insulinemia, ni tiroideos. Métodos: Realizamos un modelo lineal generalizado crudo y ajustado de la familia Poisson con una varianza robusta, para evaluar la asociación entre los niveles elevados de transaminasemia y resistencia a la insulina. Las asociaciones se presentaron como razón de prevalencia (RP) con sus respectivos intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: Se incluyeron 261 participantes. La mediana de edad fue de 39 años (31-45) y el 23,7% de los participantes eran hombres. La prevalencia de transaminasas séricas elevadas para TGO y TGP fue de 13.8% y 26.1%, respectivamente. La prevalencia de resistencia a la insulina fue del 34,1%. En el análisis en bruto encontramos significancia estadística entre TGP y TGO elevados y resistencia a la insulina (RP = 3,18; IC del 95%: 2,33-4,34 y RP = 2,44; IC del 95%: 1,88 a 3,30; respectivamente). Sin embargo, en el análisis multivariado ajustado, la asociación entre el nivel elevado de transaminasas séricas y la resistencia a la insulina permaneció estadísticamente significativa con TGP, pero se perdió con TGO; un PR = 1.90; CI95%: 1.31-2.77 y un PR = 1.23; CI95%: 0,93-1,61; respectivamente. Conclusión: niveles séricos elevados de TGP se asociaron con resistencia a la insulina. TGP podría usarse en la práctica clínica como una herramienta adicional para evaluar la resistencia a la insulina en personas sin alteraciones laboratoriales previas de glicemia, insulinemia, ni tiroideos.<br>Aim: To evaluate the association between elevated serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance in a population of individuals without alterations in their laboratorial values of glycemia, insulinemia and thyroid panel. Methods: We performed a crude and adjusted generalized linear model of the Poisson family with robust variance, in order to evaluate the association between elevated serum transaminase levels and insulin resistance. The associations were presented as prevalence ratio (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: We included 261 participants in the study. The median age was 39 years (31-45) and 23,7% of the participants were men. The prevalence of elevated serum transaminase for TGO and TGP were, 13.8% and 26.1%, respectively. The prevalence of insulin resistance was 34,1%. In the crude analysis we found statistical significance between elevated TGP and TGO and insulin resistance (PR=3,18; 95% CI: 2,33-4,34 and PR=2.44; 95% CI: 1.88-3.30; respectively). However, in the multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index and thyroid hormones, the association between the elevated serum transaminase level and insulin resistance remained statistically significance with TGP, but lost its significance with TGO; a PR = 1.90; CI95%: 1.31-2.77 and a PR = 1.23; CI95%: 0.93-1.61; respectively. Conclusion: Elevated serum levels of TGP were associated with insulin resistance. TGP could be used in clinical practice as an additional tool to assess insulin resistance in people without laboratorial alterations in glycemia, insulinemia and thyroid panel.<br>Tesis
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Alcover, Fortuny Natàlia. "Asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines using transaminases: a multienzymatic approach by pyruvate decarboxylase coupling." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671815.

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La present tesi es centra en el desenvolupament i optimització d’una estratègia basada en la biocatàlisi per a la síntesi d’amines quirals, les quals són compostos òpticament actius de gran valor que poden ésser utilitzats per a la síntesi de nombrosos productes, especialment en les indústries farmacèutica i agroquímica. Més concretament, es pretén sintetitzar 3-amino-1-fenilbutà (3-APB) i 1-feniletilamina (1-PEA) a través de la reacció en cascada de la transaminasa (TA) i la piruvat decarboxilasa (PDC). Aquesta cascada es basa en una síntesi asimètrica que parteix de les seves corresponents cetones proquirals i l’alanina, i és catalitzada per omega-transaminases, les quals presenten un equilibri desfavorable. Per tal de solucionar aquest problema, la PDC actua com un sistema d’eliminació de producte secundari, a través de la transformació del piruvat a acetaldehid i CO2, la qual cosa provoca un desplaçament de l’equilibri. Amb l’objectiu de superar les limitacions comercials de la PDC, la qual només es pot obtenir en petites quantitats a un cost alt, es va desenvolupar un procés sencer de producció d’aquest enzim. Es va clonar i sobreexpressar el gen de la PDC de Zymobacter palmae (ZpPDC) en Escherichia coli. Posteriorment, es va obtenir l’enzim recombinant en grans quantitats a través del desenvolupament d’un procés de cultiu d’alta densitat cel·lular en bioreactor. Pel que fa a les TAs, es disposava de quatre enzims diferents, procedents de Chromobacterium violaceum (Cvi-TA), Vibrio fluvialis (Vfl-TA) i Aspergillus terreus (Ate-TA i Ate-TA_T247S). Es va caracteritzar tant la PDC com les quatre transaminases per tal de trobar les condicions de compromís adequades per a la construcció de la cascada enzimàtica. Tenint en compte les condicions trobades, es va dur a terme, de forma preliminar, reaccions de cribratge de les quals en van sortir seleccionades la Cvi-TA i la Vfl-TA per a la síntesi de 3-APB; i Vfl-TA per a la síntesi de 1-PEA. Després de demostrar la viabilitat de la reacció en cascada de la TA i la PDC, es van aplicar diferents estratègies d’optimització per tal de maximitzar els rendiments de reacció i millorar la baixa estabilitat operacional de les transaminases. Per una banda, es van explorar algunes estratègies d’optimització de les condicions de reacció. Per l’altra, es va aplicar enginyeria del medi de reacció. Posteriorment, es va dur a terme d’immobilització dels enzims. Es van obtenir derivats immobilitzats tant de la Cvi-TA com de la Vfl-TA en suports de MANA-agarosa i epoxy-agarosa. En el cas de la PDC, es va desenvolupar un sistema innovador de purificació i immobilització simultània en MANA-agarosa. Finalment, els enzims immobilitzats obtinguts van ser aplicats en reacció i es va desenvolupar una estratègia de reacció en cicles.<br>La presente tesis se centra en el desarrollo y optimización de una estrategia basada en la biocatálisis para la síntesis de aminas quirales, las cuales son compuestos ópticamente activos de gran valor que pueden ser utilizados para la síntesis de numerosos productos, especialmente en las industrias farmacéutica y agroquímica. Más concretamente, se pretende sintetizar 3-amino-1-fenilbutano (3-APB) y 1-feniletilamina (1-PEA) a través de la reacción en cascada de la transaminasa (TA) y la piruvato decarboxilasa (PDC). Esta cascada se basa en una síntesis asimétrica que parte de sus correspondientes cetonas proquirales y la alanina, y es catalizada por omega-transaminasas, las que presentan un equilibrio desfavorable. Para solucionar este problema, la PDC actúa como un sistema de eliminación de producto secundario, a través de la transformación del piruvato en acetaldehído y CO2, lo que provoca un desplazamiento del equilibrio. Con el objetivo de superar las limitaciones comerciales de la PDC, la cual sólo se puede obtener en pequeñas cantidades a un coste alto, se desarrolló un proceso entero de producción de esta enzima. Se clonó y sobreexpresó el gen de la PDC de Zymobacter Palmae (ZpPDC) en Escherichia coli. Posteriormente, se obtuvo la enzima recombinante en grandes cantidades a través del desarrollo de un proceso de cultivo de alta densidad celular en bioreactor. En cuanto a las TAs, se disponía de cuatro enzimas diferentes, procedentes de Chromobacterium violaceum (Cvi-TA), Vibrio fluvial (Vfl-TA) y Aspergillus Terreus (Ate-TA y Ate-TA_T247S). Se caracterizó tanto la PDC como las cuatro transaminasas con el fin de encontrar las condiciones de compromiso adecuadas para la construcción de la cascada enzimática. Teniendo en cuenta las condiciones encontradas, se llevó a cabo, de forma preliminar, reacciones de cribado de las que salieron seleccionadas la Cvi-TA y la Vfl-TA para la síntesis de 3-APB; y Vfl-TA para la síntesis de 1-PEA. Tras demostrar la viabilidad de la reacción en cascada de la TA y la PDC, se aplicaron diferentes estrategias de optimización para maximizar los rendimientos de reacción y mejorar la baja estabilidad operacional de las transaminasas. Por un lado, se exploraron algunas estrategias de optimización de las condiciones de reacción. Por el otro, se aplicó ingeniería del medio de reacción. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo de inmovilización de las enzimas. Se obtuvieron derivados inmovilizados tanto de la Cvi-TA como de la Vfl-TA en soportes de MANA-agarosa y epoxy-agarosa. En el caso de la PDC, se desarrolló un sistema innovador de purificación e inmovilización simultánea en MANA-agarosa. Finalmente, las enzimas inmovilizadas obtenidas fueron aplicadas en reacción y se desarrolló una estrategia de reacción en ciclos.<br>The present thesis is focused on the development and optimization of a biocatalytical approach for the synthesis of chiral amines, which are highly valuable optically active compounds that can be used for the synthesis of numerous targets, especially in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. More specifically, 3-amino-1-phenylbutane (3-APB) and 1-phenylethylamine (1-PEA) synthesis is pretended by the cascade reaction of transaminase (TA) and pyruvate decarboxylase (PDC). The mentioned cascade consists in an asymmetric synthesis from their corresponding prochiral ketones and alanine catalyzed by omega-transaminase, which presents an unfavorable equilibrium. To overcome this problem, PDC acts as a by product removing system by transforming the resulting pyruvate to acetaldehyde and CO2, which leads to an equilibrium shift. Aiming to overcome the low PDC commercial availability, which can only be acquired at low amounts and a high cost, a whole production process was developed. Zymobacter palmae PDC (ZpPDC) gene was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. After that, high amounts of the recombinant enzyme were obtained by the development of a high-cell density culture process in bench-top bioreactor. Regarding TA, four different enzymes were available from Chromobacterium violaceum (Cvi-TA), Vibrio fluvialis (Vfl-TA) and Aspergillus terreus (Ate-TA and Ate-TA_T247S). Both PDC and the different transaminases were characterized to find out the appropriate compromise conditions to construct the enzymatic cascade. Taking into account the found conditions, preliminary screening reactions were carried out, from which Cvi-TA and Vfl-TA were selected for the synthesis of 3-APB; and Vfl-TA for the synthesis of 1-PEA. After proving the feasibility of TA and PDC cascade reaction, different optimization approaches were applied in order to maximize reaction yields and to improve the low transaminase operational stability. On the one hand, reaction conditions optimization approaches were explored. On the other, reaction medium engineering was applied. After that, enzyme immobilization was carried out. Immobilized derivatives of both Cvi-TA and Vfl-TA were obtained in MANA-agarose and epoxy-agarose supports. In the case of PDC, an innovative simultaneous purification and immobilization process was developed using MANA-agarose. Finally, the obtained immobilized enzymes were applied in reactions and a reaction cycle strategy was developed.<br>Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Biotecnologia
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Svedendahl, Maria. "Lipase and ω-Transaminase : Biocatalytic Investigations". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Biokemi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-13279.

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In a lipase investigation, Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) are explored for enzyme catalytic promiscuity. Enzyme catalytic promiscuity is shown by enzymes catalyzing alternative catalytic transformations proceeding via different transition state structures than normal. CALB normally performs hydrolysis reactions by activating and coordinating carboxylic acid/ester substrates in an oxyanion hole prior to nucleophilic attack from an active-site serine resulting in acyl enzyme formation. The idea of utilizing the carbonyl activation oxyanion hole in the active-site of CALB to catalyze promiscuous reactions arose by combining catalytic and structural knowledge about the enzyme with chemical imagination. We choose to explore conjugate addition and direct epoxidation activities in CALB by combining molecular modeling and kinetic experiments. By quantum-chemical calculations, the investigated promiscuous reactions were shown to proceed via ordered reaction mechanisms that differ from the native ping pong bi bi reaction mechanism. The investigated promiscuous activities were shown to take place in the enzyme active-site by various kinetic experiments, but despite this, no enantioselectivity was displayed. The reason for this is unknown, but can be a result of a too voluminous active-site or the lack of covalent coordination of the substrates during enzyme-catalysis (Paper I-IV). Combining enzyme structural knowledge with chemical imagination may provide numerous novel enzyme activities to be discovered. In an ω-transaminase investigation, two (S)-selective ω-transaminases from Arthrobacter citreus (Ac-ωTA) and Chromobacterium violaceum (Cv-ωTA) are explored aiming to improve their catalytic properties. Structural knowledge of these enzymes was provided by homology modeling. A homology structure of Ac-ωTA was successfully applied for rational design resulting in enzyme variants with improved enantioselectivity. Additionally, a single-point mutation reversed the enantiopreference of the enzyme from (S) to (R), which was further shown to be substrate dependent (Paper V). A homology structure of Cv-ωTA guided the creation of an enzyme variant showing reduced isopropyl amine inhibition.<br>QC20100609
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Books on the topic "Transaminasen"

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Singkamani, Ratree. A study using apo-aspartate transaminase to measure plasma pyridoxal 5 - phosphate for the assessment of vitaminB [inferior] 6 nutritional status. University of Birmingham, 1985.

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1937-, Christen Philipp, and Metzler David E, eds. Transaminases. Wiley, 1985.

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Beattie, R. Mark, Anil Dhawan, and John W.L. Puntis. Autoimmune liver disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569862.003.0053.

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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) 386Autoimmune hepatitis/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome (ASC) 388In paediatrics, two forms of autoimmune liver disease are recognized: • Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)• AIH/sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome (autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis, ASC).• Progressive inflammatory liver disorder, preferentially affecting females, characterized serologically by high levels of transaminases and IgG and presence of autoantibodies, and histologically by interface hepatitis in the absence of a known aetiology....
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Keshav, Satish, and Palak Trivedi. Viral hepatitis. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0212.

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Hepatitis means ‘inflammation of the liver’ and is manifest with symptoms that include malaise, anorexia, fever, flu-like symptoms, and pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, with the pain being caused by swelling of the liver and its capsule. Elevations in circulating hepatic enzymes, particularly aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase, are common, with jaundice occurring some time after the onset of other symptoms and signs. There are five viruses that primarily cause viral hepatitis: hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses, abbreviated HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HEV, respectively. These viruses are all hepatotrophic, in that the liver is the primary site of infection. HAV, HBV, and HEV are usually acute, self-limiting infections that may, nonetheless, cause morbidity and, in the case of HEV, fatality. However, HBV and, more so, HCV can cause chronic carriage of the virus over many years, as well as the development of chronic hepatitis. HDV is only pathogenic in conjunction with HBV. After recovery from acute infection with HAV, individuals have long-lasting immunity against further infection. The same holds true for the majority of individuals with acute HBV infection. There seems to be little natural immunity to HCV infection, and a significant proportion of cases result in chronic hepatitis. Immunity to HEV is not long-lasting, and repeated infections are possible. Many other viruses can cause hepatitis, of which cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus, and flaviviruses such as dengue and yellow fever are the most important. The liver, however, is not their primary site of replication or cellular damage.
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Pearl, Phillip L., and William P. Welch. Pediatric Neurotransmitter Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0059.

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The pediatric neurotransmitter disorders represent an enlarging group of neurological syndromes characterized by inherited abnormalities of neurotransmitter synthesis, metabolism, and transport. Disorders involving monoamine synthesis include guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase deficiency (Segawa disease or classical Dopa-responsive dystonia as the heterozygous form), aromatic amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, tyrosine hydrolase deficiency, sepiapterin reductase deficiency, and disorders of tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis. These disorders can be classified according to whether they feature elevated serum levels of phenylalanine. Disorders of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) metabolism include succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and GABA-transaminase deficiency. Glycine encephalopathy is typically manifested by refractory neonatal seizures due to a defect in the glycine degradative pathway. Pyridoxine-responsive seizures have now been associated with deficiency of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase as well as a variants requiring therapy with pyridoxal-5-phosphate and folinic acid.
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Wilson, Deanna. Hepatitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0035.

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Hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses are spread via the fecal-oral route. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) exposure is via occupational or recreational activities. Hepatitis D virus (HDV; also spread parentally) can only coinfect or superinfect those with chronic HBV. Hepatitis C (HCV) transmission is predominantly parenteral; the highest risk group is injection drug users. Prodromal-period patients with acute hepatitis present with vague constitutional symptoms when serum transaminases peak, with elevated serum bilirubin and varying levels of hepatic protein synthesis impairment; during the icteric phase, patients develop abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, and jaundice. Acute hepatitis has limited therapy; treatment is predominantly supportive. However, most adults with acute phase HAV, HBV, HDV, and HEV spontaneously clear the virus. Most individuals with HCV develop chronic hepatitis. Patients with known HAV, HBV, or HEV exposures may be eligible for post-exposure prophylaxis to reduce their risk of infection.
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Book chapters on the topic "Transaminasen"

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Gressner, A. M., and O. A. Gressner. "Transaminasen-GLDH-Quotient." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_3079-1.

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Gressner, A. M., and O. A. Gressner. "Transaminasen-GLDH-Quotient." In Springer Reference Medizin. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_3079.

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Germond, V. Burquier-de, and B. Broers. "Erh�hte Transaminasen." In Drogenabh�ngigkeit. KARGER, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000083193.

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Lammert, F. "Hepatosplenomegalie und erhöhte Transaminasen." In Angeborene Stoffwechselkrankheiten bei Erwachsenen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-45188-1_8.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Taurine transaminase." In Enzyme Handbook 13. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59176-1_90.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Aspartate transaminase." In Enzyme Handbook 13. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59176-1_40.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Alanine transaminase." In Enzyme Handbook 13. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59176-1_41.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Cysteine transaminase." In Enzyme Handbook 13. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59176-1_42.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Glycine transaminase." In Enzyme Handbook 13. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59176-1_43.

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Schomburg, Dietmar, and Dörte Stephan. "Tyrosine transaminase." In Enzyme Handbook 13. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59176-1_44.

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Conference papers on the topic "Transaminasen"

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Vechia, Luciana Dalla, Raquel de Oliveira Lopes, Thelma de Barros Machado, Ivana Correa Ramos Leal, Leandro Soter de M. e. Miranda та Rodrigo Octavio Mendonça Alves de Souza. "Screening of microorganisms for ω-transaminase activity". У 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0116-2.

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Sangani, Sapna, Berivan Bitik, Suphagaphan Ratanamaneechat, et al. "Alanine Transaminase In The Higher Levels Of Nitric Oxide In Asthma." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a6403.

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Klimov, Leonid, Irina Zakharova, Marina Stoyan, et al. "P224 Hepatic transaminases activity in children during clinical manifestation of coeliac disease." In 8th Europaediatrics Congress jointly held with, The 13th National Congress of Romanian Pediatrics Society, 7–10 June 2017, Palace of Parliament, Romania, Paediatrics building bridges across Europe. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2017-313273.312.

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Reynen, Lisa C., Robert Jones, and Roger Moorehead. "Abstract 2554: Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 in claudin-low breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2554.

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Reynen, Lisa C., Robert Jones, and Roger Moorehead. "Abstract 2554: Branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 in claudin-low breast cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-2554.

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Pasi, K. J., and F. G. H. Hill. "NO EVIDENCE OF HEPATITIS OR HIV TRANSMISSION IN VIRGIN HAEMOPHILIC BOYS TREATED WITH BRITISH HEAT TREATED FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE (8Y)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643972.

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HIV and hepatitis virus transmission is of major concern with factor VIII therapy. Non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) has a near 100% incidence in patients previously treated with unheated large pool factor VIII concentrates. NHS heated high purity factor VIII concentrate (8Y) undergoes severe protracted heat treatment of the freeze dried concentrate theoretically sufficient to inactivate hepatitis viruses as well as HIV. Infusions of 22 different batches of 8Y have been given to 18 children with haemophilia A (10 virgin patients; 8 who had only received single donor cryoprecipitate) have been treated for up to 18 months. Regular testing for viral antibody seroconversion and biochemical liver enzymes have been made. None had had clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease prior to the commencement of 8Y therapy. All these boys were immunized with HBVax at the time of the first treatment with 8Y and were HIV antibody negative.Liver function tests were to be performed monthly but due to patient non-compliance this was only achieved in 60% of patients.All patients receiving 8Y have remained anti-HIV seronegative. Only the virgin patients can be considered suitable for evaluation with regard to the transmission of NANBH. These boys by this time have received multiple batches of 8Y (mean 5 batches, range 1 to 14). In only 1 patient has an isolated rise in aspartate transaminase (AST) been noted (AST 27 to 131 IU/1) 6 weeks aftertreatment with a new batch, but no rise in alanine transaminase (ALT) or clinical evidence of liver disease was found. Viral serology was performed. AST returned to normal within 12 days.This batch was received by 3 of the virgin and 2 of the previously cryoprecipitate treated boys. All these 5 boys who were exposed to the suspect batch had normal liver enzyme levels when measured within 4-6 weeks of exposure.Of the 10 virgin patients receiving multiple batches of 8Y a transient rise in AST but with no rise in ALT has only been noted in 1 patient. In the absence of firm biochemical evidence of liver disease NANBH is an unlikely cause. Lack of transaminase rises in other virgin patients strengthens this assunption. We conclude that 8Y reduces the incidence of NANBH and HIV transmission.
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DE OLIVEIRA, SARAH CHRISTINE, NATÁLIA MIYAGUTI ANGELO DA SILVA, and MARIA CRISTINA CINTRA GOMES MARCONDES. "Liver enzymes activities, as Gama-GT, Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase, were modulated in tumour-bearing rats subjected to early development and weaning periods under leucine and/or omega-3 supplementation." In XXIV Congresso de Iniciação Científica da UNICAMP - 2016. Galoa, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2016-51536.

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Luo, Fang, Yibo Wang, Yi Zheng, et al. "Abstract B63: VKORC1 haplotypes influence serum PIVKAII and transaminases levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients." In Abstracts: Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research 2008. American Association for Cancer Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.prev-08-b63.

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Clemens, R., G. Wirl, C. Velten, and H. J. Röthig. "VIRUS SAFETY OF ANTITHROMBIN III CONCENTRATE KYBERNIN P - APROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644148.

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In 13 healthy male volunteers a prospective clinical trial was performed to evaluate virus safety of the antithrombin III concentrate Kybernin P in regard to hepatitis B, non-A/non-Band HIV transmission. As the volunteers were participants of a pharmacokinetic study they received either a fixed dosage of 1000 units Kybernin P asbolus injection or a dosage of 50 units per kg body weight as short-term infusion. Two different batches of Kybernin P were used.Whereas in all 13 volunteers virussafety in hepatitis non-A/non-B and HAV transmission could be monitored, only those volunteers who were not vaccinated (n=3) against hepatitis B or who had no protecting antibodies of anti-HB type despite vaccination (n=3)were to be included in the hepatitis B monitoring.All 13 volunteers were followed-upfor 1 year according to the standardsof the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ICTH). For detection of a potential hepatitis non-A/non-B transmission transaminases (AST, ALT) were determined in biweekly intervals during the first 6 months of the observation period and thereafter in monthly intervals. Hepatitis B seromar-kers as well as anti-HIV wereassessed bimonthly. Furthermore, all volunteers were clinically examined at every follow-up.None of the 13 volunteers revealedan increase of transaminases to the 2.5 fold of the upper normal level which is considered to be the borderlinelevel for hepatitis non-A/non-B diagnosis. Furthermore, in none of the volunteers a seroconversion for hepatitis B or HIV could be detected. Thus, Kybernin P is to be considered as hepatitis B, hepatitis non-A/non-B and HIV safe.
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Stampouloglou, Eleni, Nathan Kingston, Chih-Sheng Yang, Liye Zhang, Stefano Monti, and Xaralabos Varelas. "Abstract B75: Nutritional profiling reveals glutamine-utilizing transaminases as a metabolic vulnerability of TAZ/YAP-driven breast cancer cells." In Abstracts: Tenth AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 25-28, 2017; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp17-b75.

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