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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transboundary water resources'
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Bhurtyal, Kul Ratna. "International law and the sharing of transboundary water resources." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248650.
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The rapidly increasing population in the developing world is creating heavy pressure on the use of water for mushrooming cities, domestic consumption, and irrigated agriculture. At the same time effluents and water for human settlements, industry and agriculture are overloading the capacity of watercourses to recuperate. The use and misuse of water in one location can have far-flung effects, altering downstream resources, affecting the reliability of water flows, and degrading water quality and aquatic ecosystems. States have the tendency to use water as much as possible for their own benefit transferring the negative externalities to other riparian. In the absence of legal rule, a norm to address these tensions, water competition is likely to cause discord between groups dependent on the same resources. Several doctrines have been put forward by nations to justify their unilateral interest. International water law, a relatively new branch of international law aims to advocate that every notion sharing a watercourse is entitled to a reasonable and equitable share. Recognising the significance of international river basins, the International Law Commission, on the recommendation of United Nations General Assembly, worked for two decades to bring about a Convention to help in regulating the use of international watercourses in an equitable an reasonable manner. On this premise this study attempts to trace out a picture of the evolution and development of international water law, identifying the major issues and forces that are vital to the problem of sharing of water resources in international river basins of the world. It also tries to examine the theoretical premises of utilisation of international water resources and seeks to suggest practical and implmentable proposals for the better water sharing arrangements for the purpose of maintaining the balanced interests of all the riparian states.
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Kistin, Elizabeth James. "Critiquing cooperation : the dynamic effects of transboundary water regimes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f75af1da-b8ac-45d1-be36-3f15454f0aff.
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The purpose of this study is to develop a deeper understanding of the formation and performance of the international water management institutions operating in the Orange-Senqu basin shared between Lesotho, South Africa, Botswana, and Namibia. The research examines the influence of interstate interaction on adaptive capacity and the allocation of water and related benefits within the Orange-Senqu basin and provides explanations for how and why particular cooperative arrangements emerged and produce differential effects. By applying a structure-agent approach to regime analysis, this study draws attention to four key factors underpinning the formation and performance of the Orange-Senqu water governance regime: power asymmetry, problem structure (i.e., the combination of interest asymmetry and uncertainty), expert networks, and political context. The study demonstrates that each of these four factors provides important and complementary insight into the process of interaction of and the positive and negative effects produced by international water management institutions in the basin and opportunities for generating change. Among these factors, the study argues, power asymmetry and problem structure are critical for understanding transboundary water governance dynamics and identifying strategies for challenging the status quo.
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Shungur, Shantarene. "Cooperation among adversaries : managing transboundary water disputes in conflict settings." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102173.
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Intrigued by the observation that enduring, task-based water treaties have, surprisingly, emerged within protracted conflict settings that lock the riparians in a deadly embrace, I constructed an interdisciplinary theoretical framework to explain the causes of riparian conflict, and the conditions for riparian conflict resolution. Drawing on the literature from international relations, comparative politics, resource economics and public choice theory, I explain how the constraints posed by ecological forces in a conflict setting, and the political opportunities presented by a particular economic-developmental context shape the decisions of policymakers during the negotiation process that precedes regime emergence.Next, a model is developed that first illustrates the causal pathways among five independent variables, (water scarcity mode, critical environmental threshold, riparian position, state power profile and sustainable development of water resources); three contextual variables, (conflict setting, economic-developmental level, economic-developmental crisis) and the dependent variable of riparian conflict. The pathway is then extended with the addition of two more contextual variables (negotiation structure and strategy) to explain the second dependent variable of regime emergence. Eight hypotheses are then theoretically derived and tested with specifics from four cases covering both developing and developed state riparian conflicts within protracted and non-protracted settings. The Middle East, South Asian, and North American regions are thus studied.
It was evident that the degree of water scarcity has either conflict enhancing or conflict mitigating properties depending upon the patterns of interaction among the variables. Both contextual variable clusters had theoretically significant effects on the nature of the regime. I inferred that the state formation dynamic influenced the economic-developmental context in which water policy is formulated and shaped the domestic configuration of water interests. It appears that the influence of rent-seeking groups opposed to a transboundary water treaty wax and wane once critical environmental thresholds, which aggravate or cause an economic-developmental crisis, are exceeded (especially in the most powerful state). This, along with other economic, international and geographic factors, ultimately, alters the preferences of the policymakers to enable compromise at the international level. A state's institutional capacity to adopt a more sustainable water usage pattern is also relevant in this regard.
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Mekonnen, Kefyalew. "The economics of developing water resource projects in the Ethiopian Nile River basin : their environmental, and transboundary implications /." The economics of developing water resource projects in the Ethiopian Nile River basinRead the abstract of the thesis, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17380.pdf.
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Edmunds, Linsey S. "Transboundary Conservation: Sustainable Resources Management and Lake Skadar/Shkoder." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1523877674015642.
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Nilsson, Susanna. "The role and use of information in transboundary water management." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Land and Water Resources Engineering, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-1604.
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Management of water bodies according to their river basinsis becoming increasingly common, as the concept of IntegratedWater Resources Management (IWRM) is getting more and moreacknowl-edged. In Europe, a large portion of thesenewmanagement units will probably be internationalor transboundary. Decisions and policies consideringtransboundary water issues need to be based on reliable andcomprehendible information. In this thesis, a review of variousexisting models that may be used for understanding the role anduse of information in (transboundary) water management ispresented. Further, the thesis reports on an assessment of theinformation management of three transboundary water regimes inEurope, namely the international water commissions for LakeNeusiedl, Lake Constance and Elbe River. Besides examining theinformation management of the regimes as such, the managementwas also related to information needs implied by the IWRMcon-cept and by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). Thereviewed models and approaches were grouped into threecategories: information management models, information cyclemodels and communication between actors. The first categorycomprised models that may be used for managing and assessingdifferent types of information. The second group dealt withmodels explaining the production and communication ofinformation predominately from an information producer/senderperspective. The third group focused on ideas concerninginteractions and communication of information between differentkinds of actors. The studies on information management intransboundary water regimes showed that the information needsand strategies often were defined primarily with watercommissionsown needs in mind. The data collected by thecommissions were predominated by monitoring data, describingthe status of the environment and the impact caused by humanactivities. Furthermore, any communication of information toother groups of actors was mainly done through passivechannels. The information management in these transboundarywater regimes was not fully in accordance with informationneeds implied by the IWRM concept and the EU WFD.
Keywords:Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM);transboundary water management; information; EU Water FrameworkDirective (WFD); regimes; policy and decision making; LakeNeusiedl; Lake Constance; Elbe River.
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Jones, Patricia. "The application of equitable and reasonable utilisation to transboundary water resources disputes : lessons from international practice." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5d4b8fd3-466a-4856-9954-987ff75ea20f.
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Water resources located in more than one country are complex systems governed by customary international law embodied in a rule known as equitable and reasonable utilisation, a recent development in international law not yet been applied by an international tribunal to resolve a dispute or to allocate transboundary water resources between countries. Water scarcity on a global scale has reached critical proportions with 1.1 billion people without access to sufficient safe water for personal and domestic use; over half that number depend on transboundary watercourses that will disappear over the next century. Conflicts of use over shared water resource have the potential to escalate into armed conflict; certainty in the peaceful means to avoid and resolve disputes is needed. The thesis examines international procedural practice and jurisprudence applying equitable principles in a case study to illustrate how equitable and reasonable utilisation may be applied by an international tribunal. The survey of international practice will inform States about procedural options for dispute avoidance and resolution in disputes over the use of transboundary water resources.
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Sant\'Anna, Fernanda Mello. "Cooperação internacional e gestão transfronteiriça da água na Amazônia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-23112009-094606/.
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se a cooperação internacional é efetiva para minimizar os conflitos entre os países amazônicos na gestão compartilhada dos recursos hídricos transfronteiriços, no período de 1978 a 2007. Em especial, analisa o papel da OTCA para a gestão compartilhada da bacia amazônica, e, como exemplo de gestão dos recursos hídricos transfronteiriços localmente, analisa o caso da bacia do rio Acre, localizada na tríplice fronteira entre Bolívia, Brasil e Peru. As bases teóricas desta pesquisa são teorias da geografia política e das relações internacionais. A metodologia está baseada na pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. As divergências tanto sócioeconômica, quanto institucional e de interesses entre os países amazônicos, somadas as dificuldades de financiar os projetos conjuntos para a região amazônica leva os países a dependerem de recursos externos. O projeto de gestão compartilhada da bacia amazônica é uma oportunidade para os países resolverem e prevenirem conflitos pelos recursos hídricos, no entanto, a cooperação entre os países amazônicos ainda é frágil o que dificulta a implementação do projeto.This work aims to analyse the effectiveness of international cooperation to reduce conflicts among Amazon countries in the management of transboundary water resources, in the period from 1978 to 2007. It analyses the role of the ACTO in the joint management of the Amazon basin, and, as an example of locally management of transboundary water resources, it analyses the case of the Acre river basin, located at the triple boundary of Brazil, Bolivia and Peru. This dissertation is based on theories of political geography and international relations. Methodology is based on bibliographical and documental research. Socio-economic, institutional and interests differences among Amazon countries, in combination with difficulties to finance joint projects in the Amazon basin led the countries to a situation of dependence of foreign financing. The Amazon basin joint management project is an opportunity for the countries solve and prevent conflicts for water resources, however, cooperation among Amazon countries is still incipient what complicates the project implementation.
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McStraw, Travis Clinton. "An Open-Source Web-Application for Regional Analysis of GRACE Groundwater Data and Engaging Stakeholders in Groundwater Management." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8144.
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Since 2002, NASA's GRACE Satellite mission has allowed scientists of various disciplines to analyze and map the changes in Earth's total water storage on a global scale. Although the raw data is available to the public, the process of viewing, manipulating, and analyzing the GRACE data can be difficult for those without strong technological backgrounds in programming or geospatial software. This is particularly true for water managers in developing countries, where GRACE data could be a valuable asset for sustainable water resource management. To address this problem, I have a developed a utility for subsetting GRACE data to particular regions of interest and I have packaged that utility in a web app that allows water managers to quickly and easily visualize GRACE data these regions. Using the GLDAS-Noah Land Surface Model, the total water storage for the regions derived from the raw GRACE data is decomposed into surface water, soil moisture, and groundwater components. The GRACE Groundwater Subsetting Tool is easily deployed, open-source, and provides access to all of the major signal processing solutions available for the total water storage data. The application has been successfully applied to both developed and developing countries in various parts of the world, including the Central Valley region in California, Bangladesh, the La Plata River Basin in South America, and the SERVIR Hindu Kush Himalaya region. The groundwater data in this application has proven capable of monitoring groundwater use based on drought trends as well as agricultural demand in a number of locations and can assist in uniting decision makers and water users in the mission of sustainably managing the world's groundwater resources.
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Semedo, Carla Helena dos Reis Lima. "A gestão dos recursos hídricos transfronteiriços : um desafio para a cooperação regional na África Ocidental : o caso OMVS." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10946.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalA redução flagrante da disponibilidade hídrica no mundo, resultante de fenómenos naturais e antropogénicos, tem provocado intensos debates nos últimos anos, em torno da importância da água como instrumento de cooperação e conflito entre os países. Este recurso pela sua característica transversal representa um desafio constante e cada vez maior à soberania dos Estados e à forma como estes lidam com o actual cenário de escassez. Este trabalho elegeu como objecto de estudo a região da África Ocidental, onde é possível identificar vários factores que contribuem para o cenário de conflito como as alterações climáticas, forte crescimento demográfico, escassez hídrica crónica e grande interdependência dos países no que toca à partilha de recursos hídricos. Contudo, os esforços de cooperação levados a cabo têm sido notáveis, principalmente pelas organizações responsáveis pela gestão dos rios transfronteiriços da região. No final, a análise do desempenho da Organização da Bacia do Rio Senegal (OMVS), permitiu-nos concluir que a capacidade institucional é vital para a gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos e prevenção de conflitos nesta região.
The striking reduction of water availability in the world, resulting from natural and anthropogenic activities, has provoked intense debate in recent years about the importance of water as an instrument of cooperation and conflict between countries. This resource, by its cross-cutting nature, represents a constant challenge to the sovereignty of states and how they deal with the current scarcity scenario . This paper chose as the subject of the study, the region of West Africa, where it is possible to identify several factors that contribute to conflict scenarios, such as climate change, high population growth, chronic water shortages and large interdependence of countries that share water resources. However, cooperative efforts undertaken have been remarkable, especially by organizations responsible for the management of transboundary rivers in the region. In the end, the analysis of the performance of the Senegal River Basin organization (OMVS), allowed us to conclude that institutional capacity is crucial for the water resources integrated management of and conflict prevention in this sector.
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Flores, Karen Müller. "Os recursos hídricos transfronteiriços como direito transindividual internacional : uma proposta de estruturação da Organização Mundial da Água (OMA) e do Fundo Monetário Internacional de Proteção a Água (FMIPA)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2010. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/493.
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A água, assim como o ar, é vital à sobrevivência dos seres bióticos. Para muitos autores há distinção entre "água" e "recurso hídrico". O termo "água" designa o elemento natural, enquanto a expressão "recurso hídrico" representa o valor econômico; assim, compreendido como direito fundamental e mercadoria, respectivamente. Os recursos hídricos transfronteiriços internacionais (que banham mais de um estado soberano) são classificados em superficiais (rios, lagos, represas, açudes, entre outros) ou subterrâneos (aqüíferos); As reservas hídricas superficiais são de mais fácil acesso, porém escassas; já as reservas subterrâneas são de difícil acesso, mas abundantes; contudo, em ambos os casos a utilização deverá ser racional. A escassez dos recursos hídricos é quanti-qualitativa. O ser humano enquanto pessoa consciente é capaz de alterar o rumo do planeta, por meio da construção de uma nova identidade, influindo na formação de uma nova cultura. Conceitos como supranacionalidade e transnacionalidades passam a ser aceitos em nome da preservação da biodiversidade e conseqüência do próprio homem, enquanto parte do sistema ambiental, ou seja, a sociedade global passa da fase de coexistência a fase de cooperação e solidariedade. Isso porque, as relações econômicas, políticas, sociais, culturas e tecnológicas são hoje transnacionais, assim como os impactos ambientais. Assim, a proposta de elaboração da Organização Mundial da Água (OMA), organismo supranacional de proteção dos recursos hídricos transfronteiriços internacionais, e do Fundo Monetário Internacional de Proteção à Água (FMIPA) desempenha significativo papel na conscientização dos seres humanos quanto à importância e a necessidade de mudanças urgentes em relação ao tema.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-30T17:38:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karen Muller Flores.pdf: 686263 bytes, checksum: f76de38999e5377f0a04c5521df8d73d (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-30T17:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Karen Muller Flores.pdf: 686263 bytes, checksum: f76de38999e5377f0a04c5521df8d73d (MD5)
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Bervig, Aline Andressa. "DIAGNÓSTIVO DAS ÁREAS DE PRESERVAÇÃO PERMANENTE DE UM RIO TRANSFRONTEIRIÇO: O CASO DAS MARGENS DE UM SEGMENTO DO RIO QUARAÍ/CUAREÍM." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9442.
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Demand for use of natural resources is becoming more intense to meet the basic and vital needs of mankind as well as for its economic exploitation. Aimed at regulating the exploitation of water resources some countries have established standards and environmental protection laws. In situations where natural resources are in the border regions of two or more countries, or in the case of transboundary rivers, the Laws and agreements are essential for the shared management to succeed. Taking as a reference point the river, the existence of Permanent Preservation Areas / ribereños hills (APP's) is essential for the preservation of its banks and consequently the very water resources. The expansion of urban and / or agricultural land space implies the elimination of APP's causing environmental damage. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the conditions of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) and ribereños mountains, as are called the APP's Uruguay, on the banks of a segment of the border Rio Quaraí / Cuareim, located on the border between Brazil Uruguay. The qualitative methodology initially a literature review, performed a comparison between forest legislation and Brazilian water resources and environmental laws Uruguayan. Satellite images were used for location and analysis of the studied in Basin Quaraí / Cuareim River, located between the affluent Arroyo Pintado Grande in the east, and the Arroyo Tamandu the West. As a result it was found that there's APP / preserved ribereños hills. Among the irregular use of Permanent Preservation Areas can highlight the extraction of sand from the river banks and the advance of the agricultural frontier, leading the urgent need to mitigate the mentioned environmental problems. Urban sprawl was also a problem in the region. There is the need for greater monitoring and effective enforcement of Uruguayan and Brazilian legislation, as well, there will decrease the degradation of the banks of the Rio Quaraí / Cuareim and the necessary recovery of degraded areas today. Existing Development Joint Committees should seek increasingly shared management in the region as well as to guide the regulation of the aforementioned areas. On the issue of comparison of Brazilian and Uruguayan legislation it revealed that there would be a need to standardize the width of the APP / ribereños hills in Rio segment Quaraí / Cuareim analyzed. If there is an increase in this area, mainly in the Uruguayan margin, preservation will be more effective and environmental quality of the border region will be improved.A demanda pela utilização de recursos naturais é cada vez mais intensa para atender as necessidades básicas e vitais da humanidade, bem como para a sua exploração econômica. Visando regular a exploração dos recursos hídricos alguns países já estabeleceram normas e leis de proteção ambiental. Em situações onde os recursos naturais encontram-se em regiões de fronteira de dois ou mais países, ou seja, no caso dos rios transfronteiriços, as Leis e os Acordos são imprescindíveis para a gestão compartilhada tenha sucesso. Tendo como ponto de referência o rio, a existência das Áreas de Preservação Permanente/montes ribereños (APP s) é fundamental para a preservação das suas margens e, consequentemente, do próprio recurso hídrico. A expansão do espaço urbano e/ou espaço agrícola acarreta a supressão das APP s provocando dano ambiental. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as condições das Áreas de Preservação Permanentes (APP s) e dos montes ribereños, como se denominam as APP s no Uruguai, nas margens de um segmento do Rio transfronteiriço Quaraí/Cuareím, localizado na fronteira do Brasil com o Uruguai. A metodologia qualitativa, inicialmente, de revisão bibliográfica, realizou um comparativo entre a legislação florestal e de recursos hídricos brasileira e a legislação ambiental uruguaia. Foram utilizadas imagens de satélite para localização e análise do trecho estudado na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Quaraí/Cuareím, situado entre os afluentes Arroio Pintado Grande, a Leste, e o Arroio Tamandu a Oeste. Como resultado se verificou que existem APP s/montes ribereños preservados. Entre os usos irregulares das Áreas de Preservação Permanente podem se destacar a extração de areia das margens do rio e o avanço das fronteiras agrícolas, acarretando a necessidade urgente de amenizar os problemas ambientais mencionados. A expansão urbana também se mostrou um problema na região. Há a necessidade de um maior monitoramento e efetiva fiscalização do cumprimento das legislações uruguaia e brasileira, assim, ocorrerá diminuição na degradação das margens do Rio Quaraí/Cuareím e a necessária recuperação das áreas hoje degradadas. As Comissões Mistas de Desenvolvimento existentes devem buscar cada vez mais a gestão compartilhada na região, bem como na orientação da regulamentação das áreas citadas. Na questão do comparativo das legislações brasileira e uruguaia, foi constatado que haveria a necessidade de homogeneizar a largura das APP/montes ribereños no segmento do Rio Quaraí/Cuareím analisado. Se houver um aumento dessa área, principalmente, na margem uruguaia, a preservação será mais eficaz e a qualidade ambiental da região fronteiriça será melhorada.
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Najibullah, Yamin Kanchana Nakhapakorn. "A strategic response to water crises : examining the application of integrated water resource management in Afghanistan /." Abstract Full Text (Mahidol member only), 2008. http://10.24.101.3/e-thesis/2551/cd423/5037977.pdf.
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Kim, Kyungmee. "Sustainable Development in Transboundary Water Resource Management : A Case Study of the Mekong River Basin." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-160849.
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Global climate change, environmental degradation and demographic changes has emphasizedthe sustainable development of Mekong river basin. The research uses the theoreticalframework that sustainable development in the transboundary water resource management ismost likely to be achieved through the policy making based on the ‘regional approach’ andthe ‘alternative development strategy.’ The aim of this research is to investigate themanagement of Mekong river basin within the theoretical framework and to assess theprospect of sustainable development. The Mekong River Commission (MRC) and itsprograms, hydropower development in the upstream and the downstream and the geopoliticalsituation of the Mekong region are reviewed for the analysis. In result, although MRC hasstressed the principle of sustainable development, the limitations such as the damconstructions in the both upstream and downstream, donor influence, legal restrictions of the1995 Mekong Agreement and limited implementation of the participatory approach indevelopment programs remain as the constraints to achieve sustainable development. TheBuild-Own-Transfer type of privatized hydropower development in the downstream is achallenge to the environmental and social sustainability by accelerating the process of thedam building process. MRC’s the most prioritized strategy to introduce the ‘Integrated WaterResource Management’ implies the basin-wide management of water resource management,yet the complexity of respective national interests have to be added as a concern in thetransboundary context. The absence of China and Burma in MRC is a critical weakness toapply the regional-approach in the development policy. In the case of the upstreamhydropower development, the decision making has been done unilaterally without theaccountable and transparent process. As China considers the Mekong in the relation to theenergy production and oil transportation, the securitization of the Mekong will affectnegatively on the future participation of China in MRC. A positive trend can be derived fromChina’s ambition to become a regional power to replace the donors in MRC, and thisstrategic realism will strengthen the regional cooperation between China and other riparianstates though MRC.
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Karim, Sajid. "Transboundary Water Cooperation between Bangladesh and India in the Ganges River Basin: Exploring a Benefit-sharing Approach." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-424600.
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Bangladesh and India share 54 transboundary rivers. Despite that, the transboundary water management between these two countries is heavily concentrated on the Ganges river basin, in which, mode of cooperation is still based on physical sharing of water. The study is developed on the argument that Bangladesh and India need a shift of focus in their current mode of transboundary water management from physical sharing of water to sharing of benefits derived from the use (and non-use) water in order to foster transboundary water cooperation in the Ganges river basin. Based on a single-case study, the research work aims to explore the scope of benefit-sharing in the transboundary water cooperation in the Ganges river basin and how benefit-sharing can be facilitated between these two countries. The findings show that the water negotiation in the Ganges basin would become much more complicated in the future, primarily due to the growing gap between the demand and the availability of water. The adverse impact of climate change will further deteriorate the situation. Besides, the changing nature of India’s domestic politics and the growing internal conflict between its provincial states will weaken the Indian central government’s authority to manage transboundary water resources jointly. Therefore, in the future, Bangladesh and India would find it difficult to elicit a positive-sum outcome from any water negotiation in Ganges river if they still focus on the volumetric allocation of water. The study suggests that inland navigation and water transit, multipurpose storage dam projects and joint management of the Sundarbans can be the potential areas for benefit-sharing in the Ganges basin. The study stresses the importance of shifting the policy outlook and developing institutional arrangements between Bangladesh and India to introduce and facilitate benefit-sharing in the Ganges river basin that will help to share benefits equitably, hence foster cooperation.
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Granit, Jakob. "The Collective Action Dilemma in Managing Transboundary Freshwaters : An Analysis of an Outcome-Driven Framework." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-74964.
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It is recognised by society that freshwater resources play a major role in economic development and in maintaining life supporting ecosystems services. Transboundary river basins cover about 45% of the earth’s land surface and their governance is therefore of critical importance. Transboundary freshwater resources are considered a common-pool resource. Collective action is therefore needed in order to supply both public and private goods from these resources but is yet in short supply. This thesis intends to analyse a complementary framework to the common Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach with the objective of enhancing investments in collective action to address this dilemma. Results indicate that transboundary water resources management in itself can be identified as a regional public good. The results also indicate that IWRM has been promoted as a standard management concept; often without first having identified and agreed the objectives of the intended multiple uses of water. Outcomes related to IWRM at the transboundary scale are therefore difficult to identify and evidence points towards continued water quality degradation at a global scale and development opportunities not achieved. Two different tools for how to assess the generation of benefits from cooperation are presented in this thesis including an institutional assessment framework adapted to transboundary institutions. Together these steps make up an outcome-driven approach that clarifies the value of water in all management and development stages. Through such an outcome-driven approach, water issues can provide the incentives necessary in order to identify cooperative paths and thus become important factors in negotiations to establish effective regional governance regimes. This would take the broader political, economic and geographical context into consideration thus supporting a process towards more integration of interests between countries.
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Berne, Astrid. "Conditions for Cooperative Water Resource Management in a conflict affected society : A case study of the Ibër River Basin." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413176.
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Kosovo is a disputed territory, in conflict with Serbia, the country it declared independence from in 1999. The two states share water resource, in the form of the Ibër river. Kosovo is facing issues of water scarcity and the water it has access to is heavily polluted with untreated wastewater metallurgy waste.Kosovo does not only have poor relations with Serbia, there are also conflict within Kosovo with communities of both Kosovo Albanian majority and Serb majority. These communities have shown different willingness to cooperate over the water management of the Ibër river basin. Cooperating over shared water resources have in other cases been used as a way to improve on relations in conflict affected societies, through environmental peacemaking. In this case study, the environmental and socio-political conditions for environmental peacemaking is investigated through interviews of municipal and regional stakeholders, involved in the management of the Ibër river basin. Interviews were conducted with two municipal employees and one representative from the regional river basin authority in Kosovo. These interviews were complemented with a comprehensive literature review. The findings were analysed, using a conceptual framework developed to analyse and compare different cases of environmental peacemaking. The conceptual framework consists of six elements: resource scarcity, interdependence, lack of environmental sustainability, mutual interests, shared values, and power (a)symmetries. External actions and interests was also included as an element to reveal in what way external actors can intervene and assist in improving relations through environmental peacemaking initiatives. The analysis concluded that the Ibër river basin is in a need of transboundary management to improve on the water quality in a more effective and efficient way. The resource scarcity that is currently facing the stakeholders could be used as a cooperative trigger between the different actors. And while there is a lot of complexity to within the socio-political conditions, the interviewees express the need and interest for increased cooperation. This indicates that increased collaboration could be possible, but most likely there would be a need for external interventions to create an ongoing dialogue, that in turn can build trust between the conflicting parties.Remote presentation on Teams
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Stoeckel, Katherine Jane. "Economics and the equitable utilization of transboundary freshwater." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/15775.
Full textAbstract:
Equitable utilization is the fundamental rule of international water law. It is the doctrine
responsible for the fair allocation of international waters as between different water uses and
users. Equitable utilization is a process whereby the interests of each watercourse state are
taken into consideration on a case-by-case basis over time and as circumstances change.
The process occurs through political negotiations, with an equitable outcome as the goal.
However, the debilitated state of many transbouhdary watercourses today indicates that
equitable utilization - despite its admirable goals - is failing to resolve the tragedy of the
global freshwater commons. With growing demands on water resources due to increasing
world population, economic industrialization and increasing awareness of the need for
environmental conservation, water management is an issue that will only become more
pressing. Watercourses that flow between two or more states face additional challenges in
that the water resources must be shared between them.
The central question of this thesis is whether greater use of economics would help the
equitable utilization paradigm lead to higher standards of water management between
upstream and downstream states. The benefits of the economic approach include optimal
efficiency of water use, political feasibility in water negotiations, and flexibility across time
and regions. Although there are technical, distributive, and moral limitations to the use of
economic principles, they can be sufficiently addressed such that the economic approach
ought to be a central part of the solution to the problem of global water scarcity. Greater
use of economic incentives needs to be made within equitable utilization regimes. Sensible '
pricing of water is imperative. Markets for water, however, are not yet a feasible option
because they require well-defined, secure, and enforceable property rights in water, all of
which are difficult to achieve at the international level.Law, Peter A. Allard School of
Graduate
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Tompkins, Robyn. "Transboundary water resource management of the Pongolo River/Rio Maputo." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3273.
Full textAbstract:
In the Twenty-first Century, sustainable water management is likely to be humanity's greatest challenge in a world of ever-increasing demand. Legal instruments both international and national regulate and provide a general framework for the use and management of international waters. Future basin management agreements can be informed by examining the degree of success, in terms of sustainability and equity, achieved by such agreements. That success can be influenced by the degree to which such agreements support the human right to water implicitly stated in international customary law, through a collaborative management approach. Since 1988, attempts by communities on the Pongolo floodplain to be involved in Pongolopoort Dam releases, have met with little success. Recently, the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry has begun to support those efforts, but the approach remains a sectoral one, and is primarily concerned with water issues. The South African National Water Act 36 of 1998 provides for environmental management and public participation, as well as providing explicitly for the rights of individual water users, but its implementation is hampered by an overwhelming emphasis on technical considerations and a lack of political will to embrace collaborative management systems. Little effort is expended on collaborative management methods, though the level of transparency in water management is improving, despite remaining highly centralised. The level and extent of incentives for local community participation is low, and systematic monitoring is in its early development. International river basin agreements generally take a top-down or state-driven approach, though there are some examples where local cross-border communities have participated successfully in the implementation of international agreements and management of transboundary basins. South Africa, Swaziland and M09ambique signed the Interim Incomaputo Agreement, which includes the Maputo basin, in August 2002. Once again, the approach to this agreement has been highly sectoral in that negotiations were handled entirely by water officials in the relevant countries. A lack of transparency has prevailed in the negotiation stages, though through the basin studies, which will inform implementation plans, the level of participation should improve. There is overwhelming consensus that integrated management is the key to sustainable international river basin management. Formal and systematic methods for inter-departmental communication, both nationally and internationally are currently not being implemented, which has significant negative impacts on integrated management. Research in this area represents an opportunity to explore collaborative management of an international river basin in an area that is, as yet, unstressed in terms of population and water supply.Thesis (M.Env.Dev.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.
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Teasley, Rebecca Lynn. "Evaluating water resource management in transboundary river basins using cooperative game theory : the Rio Grande/Bravo basin." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6561.
Full textAbstract:
Water resource management is a multifaceted issue that becomes more complex
when considering multiple nations’ interdependence upon a single shared transboundary
river basin. With over 200 transboundary river basins worldwide shared by two or more
countries, it is important to develop tools to allow riparian countries to cooperatively
manage these shared and often limited water resources. Cooperative game theory
provides tools for determining if cooperation can exist across jurisdictional boundaries
through a suite of mathematical tools that measure the benefits of cooperation among
basin stakeholders. Cooperative game theory is also useful for transboundary negotiation
because it provides a range of solutions which will satisfy all players in the game and
provides methods to fairly and equitably allocate the gains of that cooperation to all
participating stakeholders, if that cooperation is shown to be possible. This dissertation
applies cooperative game theory concepts to the Rio Grande/Bravo basin in North America as a case study. The Rio Grande/Bravo forms the 1,200 km border between the
United States and Mexico. A comprehensive water resources planning model was
developed for the basin including the major water users, water related infrastructure
including reservoirs, and water policy logic related to the bi-national water sharing
agreements. The water planning model is used to calculate the characteristic functions
for the cooperative game analysis. For the Water Demand Reduction Game, the largest
agricultural users, District 005, District 025 and the Texas Watermaster Section below
Falcon were defined individual players. The cooperative analysis was between the
individual players rather than the countries. In addition to the cooperative analysis,
performance measures for water deliveries were calculated to determine if water delivery
was improved to each player under the cooperative game. The results show that the
amount of additional water to the downstream players may not be large enough to induce
cooperation. The small amount of increase in water deliveries is related to the large
system losses as the water travels downstream over a long distance and a division of water under the 1944 Treaty between the United States and Mexico.text
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Woldemariam, Yohannes. "A critical assessment of international relations theories for managing transboundary water resources: The case of the Nile basin." 2007. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3299125.
Full textAbstract:
In Egypt, Sudan, and Ethiopia the connection to water is intertwined with culture and history. It cannot fully be captured by game theory based on the assumption of strategic action. Neither perceived threats to national security nor do fundamental value conflicts allow for ‘rational’ solution. Nor are market mechanisms adequate in explaining the behavior of actors around issues of water. The challenge in addressing a range of questions on transboundary river basins is one of a theoretical framework. To what extent are coherent explanatory models embedded in social theories helpful in evaluating the Nile case? The search for generalized rules has led to scholarship in which predictability, parsimony and simplicity is the measure of academically acceptable approaches and methodologies. In light of the complexity of the region where the Nile is located, narrow focus and false parsimony of theoretical concepts can oversimplify to the point of being misleading. There are a range of subjective meanings and values that water has in different societal contexts that are not amenable to the dominant international relations theories. This study utilizes a critical pluralist approach to assess existing IR theories in general and regime theory in particular. Critical pluralism can capture those aspects of culture; history and contexts attached to water that are not amenable to positivist social science and the dominant international relations theories.
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Comair, Georges Fadi. "A new approach for water planning, management and conflict resolution in Lebanese transboundary basins : hydrologic modeling for climate variation and water policy development." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21761.
Full textAbstract:
The Hasbani and Orontes Rivers are two main transboundary rivers of Lebanon. These waters are a critical resource for the future water security of the co-riparians. This dissertation analyses results of a water resources planning and hydrologic model under a new participatory framework by studying hydro-political aspects and the vulnerability of water resources in the Hasbani basin of Lebanon and the city of Amman under a changing climate pattern and growing water demands. Water policies suggested by the stakeholders were analyzed and the most sustainable solution was presented to the water resources authorities in the basins. Moreover, because of the political situation in the region, field data such as rainfall and evapotranspiration are very difficult to obtain making the use of remote sensing and Geographic Information System very useful to present a complete description of the hydrology of the watersheds and study water availability in the Orontes and Jordan River Basins. The approach used in this research integrates recently compiled data derived from satellite imagery (evapotranspiration, rainfall, and digital elevation model) into a transboundary geospatial database and hydrologic model to measure the contribution of each riparian country to the total available water in the basin. Finally, a mathematical method called the Orontes water allocation optimization method is used based on the nine factors of the UN Convention on the Law of Non-navigational Use of International Water Courses to allocate water equitably between the co-riparians. The optimization results show that Turkey and Lebanon could benefit from additional water if new negotiations are initiated. Once a multilateral agreement occurs, the findings of this research would provide a useful guide to the co-riparians for policy formulation, decision making and dispute resolution. Cooperation between the riparian countries may be improved by building a GIS database that provides access to accurate data for hydrological analysis, facilitate and standardize data sharing to evaluate future policy alternatives.
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Sandoval, Solis Samuel. "Water planning and management for large scale river basins case of study : the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo transboundary basin." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-08-3772.
Full textAbstract:
Because water is not equitably distributed in time and place, in the right quantity with the adequate quality, water planning and management is used to redistribute the resource in such a way that tries to satisfy the necessities of water users, including the environment. Policies are proposed to improve the water management, however, selecting the best alternative can be difficult when tradeoffs among alternatives improve certain aspects of the planning and management and worsen others. This research establishes a methodology to evaluate water management policies in order to clearly and systematically identify policies that improve the water management. First, each water user, system or environmental requirement are evaluated using performance criteria. Second, performance criteria are summarized using the Sustainability Index. Finally, individual Sustainability Indices are grouped using the Sustainability by Group Index. The Sustainability by Group Index makes it possible to compare groups of water users and regions at a glance. This methodology has been successfully applied in the Rio Grande/Rio Bravo basin, a transboundary basin between the United States and Mexico. A set of scenarios was defined by water users, authorities and environmental organizations of the basin from both countries. A water resources planning model was constructed to represent the water management of the basin. The model was used to evaluate several scenarios and the benefits or damages that each policy provides. Two winning scenarios (called Meta-scenarios) that improve the management for water users, the environment and international treaty obligations were identified. Meta-scenario A is an immediate action scenario that includes: buyback of water rights, improvement in irrigation infrastructure, water demand reduction for irrigation districts in Mexico and the US, groundwater banking and the inclusion of environmental flows. Meta-scenario B is a short term scenario that includes the policies of Meta-scenario A plus expanded buyback of water rights, additional improvements in infrastructure and sharing of water savings between farmers in the US and Mexico. Results have been presented to decision makers and water users in both countries who will ultimately decide if they should implement the suggested policies. Most importantly, some alternative policies are now known that can help to improve the water management in the basin, for whom and where.text
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Watson, Julie Elkins. "A river loved : facilitating cooperative negotiation of transboundary water resource management in the Columbia River Basin through documentary film." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29524.
Full textAbstract:
In transboundary water resources policy and management situations, such as the governance of the Columbia River Basin, complex social, ecological, and economic factors seem to be in irreconcilable competition with one another. However, cooperative negotiation provides an outlet for entities and stakeholders to "expand the pie" and develop creative alternatives for integrated, resilient management. To achieve these goals, it is critical that stakeholders have meaningful dialogue that goes beyond positions to identify the underlying values and interests in the basin. Furthermore, parties must develop a shared understanding of the substantive complexities of the social-ecological system. Collaborative learning allows participants to meet both of these objectives at once, and facilitators can spark collaboration through carefully planned interventions. The goal of this study was to test a carefully crafted "facilitative" documentary film as a facilitation tool to promote dialogue, understanding, and creative scenario development amongst parties. The study has three main components: 1) the resilience and learning analysis of the case study (the Columbia River Treaty) policy situation, 2) the creation of a facilitative film featuring interviews with diverse stakeholders in the basin, and 3) the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the effects of the film in the cooperative negotiation process. The film, A River Loved: A film about the Columbia River and the people invested in its future, premiered at the Universities Consortium Symposium on Columbia River Governance- an informal forum for dialogue held in Kimberley, British Columbia in October 2011. I measured participants' reactions to the film and found substantial support for my hypotheses, concluding that interventions such as facilitative documentary film have great potential to transform complex, multi-stakeholder social-ecological policy situations.Graduation date: 2012
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De, Beer Monica. "The legal framework for water security in SADC / Monica de Beer." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/14226.
Full textAbstract:
Water is a basic human necessity and water resources are becoming scarce, limited and in some cases expensive. The SADC region is a very dry and semi-arid region, which places pressure on the region’s water resources and security. Water is a key ingredient for SADC to achieve their regional goals and water security should receive high priority in this region. As SADC’s economic development will be defined by the availability of water it is important to define ‘water security’ for this region. SADC has a large number of shared water resources and the scarcity of water has fostered cooperation between the member states. Achieving water security will rely on the legal instruments that are available to the SADC region. These legal instruments focus on cooperation, integration and management of transboundary rivers. In this dissertation various international, regional and legal instruments were discussed in terms of the definition for ‘water security’ in the SADC region. This dissertation does not only focus on the legal framework for water security but also where this normative framework failed to address the elements of water security. Two case studies will be done on transboundary rivers (Limpopo and Okavango River) to illustrate how cooperation and agreements between countries could lead to ensuring a water secure region. RBO’s are at the core of IWRM and the governance of transboundary rivers will rely on the commitment to the agreements between these countries. OKACOM and LIMCOM are both discussed in terms of their legal frameworks as well as measured against the main elements of water security. This study will thus, by examining the definition of water security and applying it to the legal framework provided for by SADC, establish whether SADC’s normative framework effectively provides for water security. The case studies will provide a practical example of wherethe RBO’s have utilised the normative framework provided, and whether RBO’s facilitate or enable water security in this region.LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Vinca, Adriano. "Integrated climate-land-energy-water solutions: modelling and assessment of sustainability policy options." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13095.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation reviews the progress in climate, land, energy and water (CLEW) multi-scale models and proposes a framework for quantitative assessment of multi-sector long-term policies.
The so-called CLEW nexus approaches have shown their usefulness in assessing strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals in the contexts of increasing demands, resource scarcity, and climate change.
This thesis contributes to existing research by (1) focusing on the palette of feasible long-term sustainable solutions at different scales to face current and future sustainable development challenges; (2) improving understanding of how CLEW models can best advise on sustainable development research and highlighting the strengths and limitations of existing configurations; (3) inquiring what is needed for new tools to be accessible, transferable and successful in informing the final user.
This dissertation first reviews a set of models that can meet the needs of decision makers discussing research gaps and critical needs and opportunities for further model development from a scientific viewpoint. Particular attention is given to model accessibility, usability, and community support. The review explores at different scales where and why some nexus interactions are most relevant, finding, for example, that both very small scale and global models tend to neglect some CLEW interactions.
This dissertation also presents the Nexus Solutions Tool (NEST): a new open modeling platform that integrates multi-scale energy-water-land resource optimization with distributed hydrological modeling. The new approach provides insights into the vulnerability of water, energy and land resources to future socioeconomic and climatic change and how multi-sectoral policies, technological solutions and investments can improve the resilience and sustainability of transformation pathways while avoiding counterproductive interactions among sectors.
Finally, a case study analysis of the Indus River Basin in South Asia demonstrates the capability of the NEST framework to capture important interlinkages across system transformation pathways towards the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The results show how the Indus countries could lower costs for development and reduce soil pollution and water stress, by cooperating on water resources, electricity and food production.Graduate