Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Transcription génique'
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Vigneault, François. "Régulation génique par les facteurs de transcription NFI." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25325/25325.pdf.
Full textRoth, Virginie. "Dynamique chromosomique et duplication génique chez Streptomyces ambofaciens." Nancy 1, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2003_0228_ROTH.pdf.
Full textGene duplication is a key mechanism for genome evolution and can be very well studied in the bacterium Streptomyces ambofaciens. The dynamics of duplication can be studied thanks to the characterization of the rearrangements in some mutants of the genetic instability of S. Ambofaciens. The progeny analysis of mutants carrying a chromosomal fusion showed that this structure initiate a cycle of genomic and genetic instability with gene duplications. A gene duplication located at the chromosomal ends of the linear chromosome was implied in the formation of a genomic rearrangement. The duplicated hasR and hasL genes encode alternative sigma factors belonging to the B. Subtilis general stress response sigmaB family factors. The duplication of the has genes in S. Ambofaciens is a recent event on a evolutive scale and can result from a genomic rearrangement of genetic instability. Impact of this duplication on the S. Ambofaciens specie information was studied by two approaches. The construction of mutants in the order to associate a phenotype with the mutation of one even two copies of the has genes showed that these sigma factors take part in the general stress response. Quantitative transcriptional analysis in single and double has mutant strains revealed that sigmaBR and sigmaBL direct their own transcription as well as that of the duplicate and that other sigma factors take part to this complex regulation network, underlining the redondancy of the sigma factors in Streptomyces
Guérin, Valérie. "Caractérisation du rôle de HSM3 en transcription génique chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5744.
Full textMartin, Grégoire Marie. "Hypoxie, stress oxydatif et expression génique chez le chondrocyte articulaire." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2016.
Full textDemény, Maté Agoston. "Analysis of TAF8, a subunit of TFIID and SMAT (smal TAF complex), reveals novel regulation of the assembly of TAF-containing complexes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13096.
Full textCloutier, Alexandre. "Caractérisation des facteurs de transcription impliqués dans l'expression génique de cytokines chez les neutrophiles humains." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4273.
Full textReyes, Dominguez Yazmid. "Composants de la chromatine et expression génique chez Aspergillus nidulans." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112214.
Full textThe subject of this dissertation is the study of the chromatin components and it's relation with the gene regulation using as a model the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. SAGA it's a multiprotein complex that acts as a coactivator of several genes in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The catalytic core of this complex is formed by the Gcn5p protein which harbors a histone acetyl tranferase activity, this last is regulated by the protein Ada2p. We have studied the effect of the deletion of two genes that code for the Gcn5p and AdaB homologous proteins in A. Nidulans, during the transcriptional activation and chromatin remodel of three genes that are subject to the carbon catabolite repression. Our unexpected results suggest that SAGA complex could act as a repressor of the gene expression in A. Nidulans. In the second part of this dissertation, we analyse the function of the heterochromatin protein HP1 and it's relation with the gene silencing HP1 is a functional and constitutive element of the heterochromatin. We have identified and deleted from A. Nidulans genome, the gene hpA, which codes for the HP1 homologue. We carried out a transcriptome analysis of the hpA delta strain. The results of this analysis suggest that HPA could be involved in the negative regulation of several genes which products are secondary metabolites. In a supplementary chapter, we describe the search of methylated DNA sequences in A. Nidulans genome and the study of a putative silenced region, psxA. Finally, a technical procedure for an efficient gene deletion system based in the amplification of chimerical PCR products is described
Girardot, Charles Félix Béranger. "Deciphering enhancer activity in Drosophila based on transcription factor occupancy and chromatin state chromatin state characterization." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066198.
Full textThe characterization of cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) and of their activity is central to understanding gene regulation and metazoan development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by microarray or deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) against TFs are powerful approaches to map CRMs. To enable in vivo tissue-specific ChIP against ubiquitously expressed factors, we develop a ChIP protocol relying on the sorting of fluorescence activated cells, followed by deep sequencing. Using this protocol, we map histone modifications and RNA Polymerase II (PolII) occupancy in the Drosophila mesoderm, and subsequently study the chromatin state of active CRMs in vivo. We show that active CRMs are enriched for H3K27Ac, H3K79me3 and PolII, and that the presence and shape of these marks dynamically correlate with CRM activity timing and nucleosome positioning. Using Bayesian inference, we predict new CRMs to be active in the mesoderm and validate 89% of them in vivo. Next, we investigate how five TFs essential for cardiac specification operate in cis in the dorsal mesoderm, the developmental precursor of the visceral mesoderm (VM) and the cardiac mesoderm (CM). We demonstrate that they are recruited as a TF collective at cardiac CRMs without strong sequence requirements, thereby suggesting a novel mode for CRM activation. We further observe that cardiac TFs occupy CRMs that are active in the VM sibling lineage, echoing the fact that both cell populations derived from the dorsal mesoderm. We thus conclude that dormant TF binding signatures may reveal a developmental footprint of a cell lineage
Yan, Kaiping. "Characterization and functional analyses of the transcriptional cofactor TIF1γ gene." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13144.
Full textCourilleau, Delphine. "Modulation de l'expression génique par le butyrate de sodium." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T027.
Full textCore, Nathalie. "Etude d'un gène de morphogénèse chez Drosophila Melanogaster : régulation du gène homéotique teashirt." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22070.
Full textChauveau, Christine. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle des activateurs transcriptionnels situés en 3' du locus IgH." Limoges, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIMO0005.
Full textToulza, Eve. "Expression génique au cours de la différenciation de l’épiderme humain." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30122.
Full textThe barrier function of epidermis is provided by corneocytes, strongly interconnected cells surrounded by a lipid-rich matrix. Their constituents, as well as enzymes regulating their release leading to desquamation, are mainly produced by keratinocytes of the subjacent granular layer, the granular keratinocytes. The production of a 22 000 EST library, starting from granular keratinocytes of human normal epidermis, and their bioanalysis led to identification of 3387 genes transcribed in these cells. Among 36 genes that were specific for this stage of differentiation, dermokine (DMKN) encoding a protein with unknown function, and Alpha 2-Macroglobulin-Like 1 (A2ML1), enconding a new protease inhibitor, have been characterized. This work paves the way for description of additional genes involved in keratinocyte differentiation, as so many potential pharmacological targets in cutaneous pathology
Chery, Alicia. "Rôle de la transcription pervasive antisens chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066191/document.
Full textIn the cell, gene expression is finely tuned and is submitted to different quality-controls. Gene are regulated at different expression levels in order to guarantee a proper synthesis of functional products, and to ensure an optimal adaptation to environmental changes. In particular, transcriptional regulations are critical for gene expression level and kinetics.Pervasive transcription, defined as a generalized non-coding and unstable transcription, was discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although its regulatory potential was punctually shown, the question of its global functionality still remained. During my PhD, I could show the existence of numerous transcriptional interference mechanisms involved in the co-regulation of a group of genes between exponential phase and quiescence. Indeed, non-coding transcription in antisense to genes promoter leads to its repression in conditions where they have to be switched off. The repression mechanism is allowed by chromatin modifications.Hence, budding yeast that lacks RNA interference machinery has developed a fine regulation system using pervasive transcription
Lionneton, Frédéric. "Identification d'un variant du facteur de transcription Ets-1 chez la souris : régulation de l'activité transcriptionnelle du promoteur de la VE-cadhérine." Lille 1, 2003. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e0e66392-2003-47c5-82ba-014b678a77b5.
Full textSteunou, Anne-Lise. "Régulation de l'expression génique dans les mélanomes : implication des facteurs de transcription N Oct-3 et HIF." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU30207.
Full textN Oct-3 (Brn-2 / POU3F2) is a master gene of melanoma proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with N Oct-3 induced melanoma proliferation are still not well understood. In collaboration with Dr L. Larue’s team at Marie Curie Institute in Orsay, I have demonstrated the role of this protein and particularly the phosphorylation of its DNA binding domain on the proliferation in melanocyte lineage proliferation and elucidated the molecular mechanisms associated with this process. Moreover, in collaboration with Dr I. Davidson’s team from the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology in Illkirch, I have participated to the exhaustive analysis of N Oct-3 target genes in the 501-mel melanoma cell line. Furthermore, during my Ph. D. , I have also deal with transcription factors induced by hypoxia known as HIF (Hypoxia Inducible Factor) proteins. These proteins play a crucial role in angiogenesis and are involved in numerous pathologies as cancers and in particular melanomas. In order to characterize transcriptional complexes involving HIF-2 protein, I used a proteomic approach to identify nuclear protein partners of HIF-2 in melanomas. Our data revealed new interesting partners of HIF-2 protein like the transcription factors MITF and SOX10, two factors demonstrated as essential regulators of gene expression in melanomas, as well as Béta-catenin, a central protein of the Wnt/Béta-catenin pathway deregulated in more than 30% of melanomas
Dubessay, Pascal. "Génomique fonctionnelle chez Leishmania : Application à l'étude de la fonction et régulation génique, Recherche des fonctions centromériques." Montpellier 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON1T002.
Full textAverous, Julien. "Mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes par les acides aminés chez les Mammifères : exemples de CHOP et d'IGFBP1." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF1MM02.
Full textRobert, Flavie. "TRRAP,une protéine plateforme : Fonction d'un co-facteur de l'acétylation des histones dans la réparation des cassures double brin de l'ADN." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/ROBERT_Flavie_2005.pdf.
Full textTranscription initiation is a key event in the regulated expression of protein-coding genes. The general transcription factor TFIID, containing TBP and TAFs (TBP associated factors), plays a central role in transcription, because it recognizes the promoter, and triggers pre-initiation complex formation. TFTC (TBP free TAF containing complex) is another complex able to initiate transcription. TFTC possesses Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and thus participates in chromatin opening. These studies focus on TRRAP, TFTC's largest subunit. Trrap gene is essential to embryonic development, and indirectly influences the cell cycle. Moreover, TRRAP protein is targeted by DNA binding activators of transcription. Despite the fact that TRRAP structurally belongs to the family of PI3K kinase, which regulates cellular response to genotoxic stress, its in vivo function is not well understood. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis, associated to biochemical controls, reveal a stable interaction between TRRAP and Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex (MRN) independent of TFTC. MRN is a critical component of DNA double strand break (DSB) cellular response. Functional studies of the TRRAP-MRN complex have shown that it does not possess HAT activity. Nevertheless, in vitro and in vivo evidences demonstrate that TRRAP, like other members of the PIKK family, plays a specific role in DNA DSB repair and signalling. Taken together, our studies give an insight into TRRAP function as a transcription co-factor. We propose to discuss in which TRRAP acts as a molecular platform, allowing communication between the cellular processes of DNA transcription, DNA repair, and chromatin remodeling. Independently, this manuscript summarizes the results of another study, addressing the mass spectrometry characterisation of a mitosis-specific post-translational modification of histone H3
Pichon, Bruno. "Contrôle de l'expression génique par l'AMPc dans la thyroïde :étude du rôle possible du facteur de transcription NGFI-B." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212050.
Full textMaurel, Marion. "Les microARNs régulateurs de l’expression génique du Glypican-3 dans le Carcinome Hépatocellulaire." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21945/document.
Full textGlypican-3 (GPC3) is overexpressed in 72% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is a co-receptor for WNT receptor and belongs to the heparan sulfate proteoglycans family. The general objective of my PhD thesis was to study the mechanisms by which GPC3 is post-transcriptionnally regulated in HCC. To this end, I developed a functional test that allowed me to screen a library of 876 human microRNAs. This led me to identify 5 microRNAs that regulate the expression of GPC3 mRNA through its 3’Untranslated Region (UTR). The work presented in this thesis particulary focuses on miR-1271 and miR-1291 as both microRNAs present a deregulated expression in HCC and are respectively inhibitor and activator of GPC3 mRNA expression. In a first project, I demonstrated that miR-1271 directly binds to GPC3 mRNA 3’UTR and affects its stability. This microRNA is underexpressed in HCC and its expression negatively correlates with that of GPC3 mRNA in a subgroup of HCC corresponding to those associated with hepatitis B virus infection. In a second project, I demonstrated that miR-1291 postively regulates the expression of GPC3 mRNA by targeting an intermediate factor. An in silico analysis led to the identification of the Inositol Requiring Enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α) as a potential candidate. IRE1α is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident type I transmembrane protein and contributes to the signaling of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). The UPR is an adaptive response activated upon accumulation of improperly folded proteins in the ER. I showed that IRE1α cleaves GPC3 mRNA through its endoribonuclease activity. Moreover I demonstrated that miR-1291 directly targets IRE1α mRNA through its 5’UTR, thereby decreasing its expression and contributing to GPC3 mRNA overexpression. MiR-1291 is overexpressed in HCC and its expression positively correlates with that of GPC3 mRNA. In summary, the work carried out during my PhD allowed the identification and the characterization of two new microRNAs (miR-1271 and miR-1291) that control the expression of GPC3 mRNA through direct or indirect mechanisms. The pathophysiological relevance of these regulatory mechanisms is in agreement with the respective expression levels of these microRNAs in HCC, which could therefore contribute to the overexpression of GPC3 in those tumors
Verbeke, Jonathan. "Vers l'optimisation du cocktail cellulolytique de trichoderma reesei par les protéines apparentées aux expansines." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX11064.pdf.
Full textThe industrial production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass requires the increase of the hydrolytic efficiency of the enzymatic pool produced by Trichoderma reesei. This fungus is able to secrete large amounts of cellulolytic enzymes, but its genome shows a low diversity of genes encoding these enzymes. Therefore, in this work, a complementation of this cocktail with auxiliary proteins was envisaged. Recently, the presence of swollenin, a protein related to plant expansins, was brought to light in T. Reesei. Its capacity to loosen cellulose fibers and the induction of its gene parallel to cellulase genes suggests that this protein could have an auxiliary role in cellulose hydrolysis. A database search of sequences presenting similarities with plant expansins in fungi showed that different families exist, one of which is absent in T. Reesei. CELA from Aspergillus fumigatus, a protein belonging to this family, and a swollenin from this species, SWOAfu, were selected for heterologous expression in T. Reesei. Moreover, chimeric protein constructions were realised to approach the catalytic domains of SWOAfu and the cellobiohydrolase CBH1 from T. Reesei. This chimeric protein which should lead to an increase of their synergy was also expressed in T. Reesei. Finally, in order to investigate a potential implication of Endoglucanase-45/Expansin-Like (EEL) proteins of T. Reesei in the cellulolytic process, transcriptional studies were realised under conditions of cellulase induction. A constitutive expression, similarly to the endoglucanase Cel5b, was shown for one of them. Potential functions of the EEL proteins are discussed with regard to their protein and promoter structure
Martin, David. "Analyse bioinformatique de régions cis-régulatrices de Drosophila melanogaster." Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2005AIX22047.pdf.
Full textChérasse, Yoan. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation de la transcription du gène CHOP au cours d'une carence en acides aminés." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF1MM29.
Full textMammalian cells regulate gene expression in response to changes in the external environment such as nutrient availability. An amino acid (AA) response pathway designed to detect and respond to AA deficiency has been described. Limiting any essential AA initiates this signalling cascade, which leads to increased translation of a "master regulator", Activating Transcription Factor 4 (ATF4) and ultimately, to regulation of various gene expression. Most of the results have been obtained studying the transcriptional regulation of C/EBP Homologous Protein (CHOP) and Asparagine Synthetase (ASNS) gene expression in response to AA deprivation. Earlier studies have identified an Amino Acid Response Element (AARE) described to bind in vitro Activating Transcription Factor 2 (ATF2) and ATF4 which was shown to be essential for the transcriptional activation of CHOP by leucine starvation. The aim of this work was to identify new mechanisms involved in gene transcription regulation during amino acids starvation. In this work we show that: (1) P300/CBP-Associated Factor (PCAF), a histone acetyltransferase, interacts with ATF4 in AA starved cells. We demonstrate that PCAF is required to obtain maximal induction of CHOP by leucine starvation. (2) Binding of ATF2 to the CHOP AARE is correlated to acetylation of histones H4 and H2B in response to AA starvation. A time course analysis revealed that phosphorylation of ATF2 on Threonine 71 precedes histone acetylation, ATF4 binding and the increase in CHOP mRNA. (3) Jun Dimerization Protein 2 (JDP2) binds to the AARE in non starved conditions and its binding decreases following amino acids starvation. We show that JDP2 acts as a repressor and we suggest that it could be functionally associated with HDAC3 to inhibit CHOP transcription
Neumann, Hannah. "Implication de la région C-terminale du variant d'histone H2A.Z dans sa localisation génomique et dans le contrôle de la transcription génique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11796.
Full textVilleneuve, Dominic. "Profils génomiques de la transcription génique durant la progression du cycle de division cellulaire d'hépatocytes synchronisés suite à une hépatectomie partielle." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/69.
Full textChery, Alicia. "Rôle de la transcription pervasive antisens chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae dans la régulation de l'expression des gènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066191.
Full textIn the cell, gene expression is finely tuned and is submitted to different quality-controls. Gene are regulated at different expression levels in order to guarantee a proper synthesis of functional products, and to ensure an optimal adaptation to environmental changes. In particular, transcriptional regulations are critical for gene expression level and kinetics.Pervasive transcription, defined as a generalized non-coding and unstable transcription, was discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although its regulatory potential was punctually shown, the question of its global functionality still remained. During my PhD, I could show the existence of numerous transcriptional interference mechanisms involved in the co-regulation of a group of genes between exponential phase and quiescence. Indeed, non-coding transcription in antisense to genes promoter leads to its repression in conditions where they have to be switched off. The repression mechanism is allowed by chromatin modifications.Hence, budding yeast that lacks RNA interference machinery has developed a fine regulation system using pervasive transcription
Bedon, Frank. "Structure génique et caractérisation fonctionnelle de facteurs de transcription MYB-R2R3 impliqués dans la formation du xylème chez les conifères." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24997/24997.pdf.
Full textCloutier, Alexandre. "Régulation de l'expression génique des chimiokines chez les neutrophiles humains étude des facteurs de transcription AP-1 et C/EBP." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2003. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3330.
Full textDumortier, Alexis. "Analyse des dérégulations d'expression génique associées au développement de lymphomes T chez des souris déficientes pour le gène Ikaros." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2003/DUMORTIER_Alexis_2003.pdf.
Full textIkaros is a zinc finger transcription factor which is an essential regulator of lymphopoiesis. Different mutations in the Ikaros locus lead to T lymphoma development, suggesting that Ikaros is a tumor suppressor gene. Homozygote IkL/L mice expressing a hypomorphic mutation of Ikaros develop T lymphomas between 3 and 6 months of age. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of these tumors are still ill-defined. Transcriptome analyses of IkL/L tumors show an up-regulation of several genes of the Notch signaling pathway. This deregulation is also observed in early tumors, suggesting that deregulation of the Notch pathway is an early event in IkL/L tumor development. Re-expression of a normal Ikaros protein in IkL/L tumor-derived cell lines downregulates several Notch genes, suggesting that Ikaros directly modulates the expression of some Notch genes. Moreover, the re-expression of Ikaros in the cell lines triggers an arrest in tumor cell growth in vitro. These results show that thymocytes with a reduction in Ikaros activity are more susceptible T lymphoma development, and that Ikaros and Notch could cooperate during T lymphocyte transformation
Cavallini, Bruno. "Mise en évidence, purification, et clonage du gène, d'un facteur général de transcription de l'ARN polymérase B." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13159.
Full textMounier, Nicole. "Étude de la structure et de l'expression de trois gènes d'actine chez Bombyx mori." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO19011.
Full textRonsmans, Aria. "Mechanisms of nitrogen catabolite repression-sensitive gene regulation by the GATA transcription factors in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209169.
Full textbinding of specific transcription factors to DNA. A global understanding of the mechanisms of gene
transcriptional regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae goes through the description of the targets and
the behavior of those transcription factors.
The GATA factors are specific transcription factors intervening in the regulation of Nitrogen
Catabolite Repression (NCR)-sensitive genes, a mechanism encompassing the transcriptional
regulations leading to the preferential use of good nitrogen sources of the growth medium of yeast in
the presence of less good nitrogen sources. Those 4 GATA factors involved in NCR comprise 2
activators (Gat1 and Gln3) and 2 repressors (Gzf3 and Dal80).
Generally speaking, the promoters of genes have always been described like the main place for
the integration of the transcription regulation signals relayed by the general and specific transcription
factors and the chromatin remodeling factors. Furthermore, the GATA factors have been described as
integrating the external signals of nitrogen availability thanks to their specific DNA binding to
consensus GATA sequences in the promoter of NCR-sensitive genes. The results presented here
introduce many nuances to the model, notably implying new proteins but also new regions in the
regulation process of the NCR-sensitive gene regulation. Indeed, the first goal of this work is to
discover and understand the mechanisms of NCR-sensitive gene regulation that will explain the
variations in their expression levels in the presence of various nitrogen sources and their dependency
towards the GATA factors.
Strikingly, it appeared that GATA factor positioning was not limited to the promoter, but
occurred also in the transcribed region. It seems that the transcription factors may have been driven
by the general transcription machinery (Pol II). The binding of a chromatin remodeling complex, RSC,
has also been demonstrated in the coding region of NCR-sensitive genes. Moreover, the binding of the
histone acetyltransferase complex, SAGA, recruited by the GATA activators, was highlighted along
NCR-sensitive genes. The SAGA complex was also implied in their transcriptional regulation.
Finally, a ChIP-sequencing experiment revealed an unsuspected number and diversification of
targets of the GATA factors in yeast, which were not limited to NCR-sensitive genes.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Rougemaille, Mathieu. "Interactions entre transcription, maturation et dégradation des ARNs chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112276.
Full textIn budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the exosome is a large complex with 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activity that has been implicated in numerous RNA processing and degradation events. We have shown that several transcripts mapping to intergenic regions are rapidly degraded in a wild type strain by the combined action of the exosome and a novel complex called TRAMP, whose catalytic subunit is a poly(A) polymerase. We proposed that degradation of these RNAs, called CUTs for Cryptic Unstable Transcripts, is a mechanism required to limit inappropriate transcription or to allow the occurrence of transcription without RNA production. We have also demonstrated that transcription termination of CUTs is triggered by specific RNA-binding proteins, Nrd1p and Nab3p, which direct nascent transcripts to exosome/TRAMP-mediated degradation. The THO complex and its associated RNA helicase Sub2p are involved in mRNA biogenesis and couple transcription to mRNA export. Mutations in any of these genes lead to exosome-dependent degradation and retention of mRNAs at or near the transcription site. We have shown that the TRAMP complex is involved in mRNA degradation but not in retention. Furthermore, we observed that, in THO/sub2 mutants, a DNA-interacting complex containing polyadenylation factors and components of the Nuclear Pore Complex cannot be resolved for further mRNA export. Accordingly, the THO/Sub2p complex would be involved in a remodeling step required to displace the polyadenylation complex and to engage productively the mRNA in the export pathway
Couttet, Philippe. "Dégradation des ARNm chez les mammifères : lien avec la traduction." Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA11T010.
Full textVoulgaris, Angélique. "Analyse de la fonction de la protéine humaine ICBP90 et l'étude de son rôle dans la régulation de la transcription du gène de la topoisomérase II α humaine : Etudes in vitro et dans les cellules en culture." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13139.
Full textTopoisomerases are ubiquitous, highly conserved enzymes : they catalyse the interconversion of topological forms of DNA and participate in the procedures which implicate the double helix. The a isoform (topoIIa) is essential to the cell survival. In normal cells, the protein is a marker of cell division since its expression is low during the G0/G1 phase and high during mitosis. This regulation is altered in cancer cells, in which the enzyme is overexpressed. Thus, the topoIIa is a primary target for widely used anticancer drugs. Nevertheless, modifications of the gene expression could lead to 'resistance' phenomena to these treatments. ICBP90 (Inverted CCAAT box Binding Protein of 90kDa) is capable of interact with the ICB2 box of the human topoIIa (htopoIIa) gene promoter and could be involved in the mechanisms controlling the regulation of this promoter. To answer that issue, we studied at first the expression profile of endogenous ICBP90, in cancer tissue. These studies, combined to experiments of cultured cells synchronization by serum starvation, showed that the regulation of ICBP90 was cell-cycle dependent, induced during the G0/G1 phase transition and deregulated in cancer. These findings being consistent with a role of the protein in the regulation of the htopoIIa gene expression, we transiently transfected cultured cells with recombinant DNA containing the reporter gene CAT, but also performed in vitro transcription experiments. After a partial characterization of the htopoIIa gene promoter, we have shown that the ICBP90 overexpression was responsible of a decrease of its activity. On the contrary, an increase of the HSVtk promoter activity was observed. In addition to that, we used two different techniques in order to decrease the endogenous ICBP90 protein quantity: HeLa cells transfection experiments using a specific siRNA ('small interfering RNA'), showed that the decrease in the protein expression was accompanied by a decrease of that of the htopoIIa but not of that of lamin A/C, ß-actin and the majority of nuclear proteins. Finally, we performed a first step towards the use of the monoclonal antibody directed against ICBP90 (IRC1C10) in therapeutic goals : the Fab fragment of this antibody has been cloned, expressed in E. Coli and purified from the cultured medium
Grienenberger, Aurélie. "Etude de deux modes de régulation de l'expression génique au cours du développement chez Drosophila melanogaster : Spécificité d'action du facteur de transcription homéotique AbdominalA et répression épigénétique par l'histone acétyltransférase Chameau." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22026.
Full textMalenfant, Francis. "La régulation de l’expression génique peut passer par un mécanisme de terminaison prémature de la transcription dépendant de la RNase III chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11078.
Full textAbstract : Gene expression is a highly regulated coordination of processes with the objective of producing functional proteins from the DNA code of the cell. To control the amount of proteins produced, cells use messenger RNAs as an intermediate to permit genomic information to move across the cell. To assure the quality of this signal and to control the level of gene expression, many RNA degradation mechanisms coordinate together according to their own specificities. Scientific literature has demonstrated long ago the existing interactions between RNA synthesis and RNA degradation pathways and how they closely work together to achieve viable gene expression regulation. One of those mechanisms induces transcription termination in the 3’ untranscribed region of coding genes initiated with a RNA cleavage from a ribonuclease III. In this master thesis, we show that a similar RNase III dependent mechanism can induce premature transcription termination inside the coding sequence. This mechanism seems promotor and terminator independent and depends mostly on the sequence coding for a stem-loop structure in the mRNA. Different sequences can induce a stem-loop structure recognizable by RNase III. However, there are some functional differences between stem-loop structures and not all of them can induce premature transcription termination. Since this mechanism must not happen every time and somehow must be inducible to permit gene expression when needed, this could possibly lead to a new gene regulation model.
Hommel, Marie. "La régulation transcriptionnelle de l'expression génique dans le fruit de tomate : caractérisation fonctionnelle de promoteurs fruit-spécifiques et d'un co-facteur de la transcription de type MBF1." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2007. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7697/1/hommel.pdf.
Full textStadelmayer, Bernd. "Le noyau cellulaire et la régulation génique par les protéines du groupe Polycomb." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON13507/document.
Full textPolycomb- and trithorax-Group proteins are highly conserved epigenetic regulators which maintain cell identities by maintaining states of gene expression. They act on their target genes through /cis/ regulatory elements, named Polycomb Response Elements (PREs). In transgene assays it has been shown that two copies of the same PRE are frequently found clustered in nuclear space and for one particular PRE named Fab-7 clustering is correlated with its repressive function. In the course of this thesis I tried to clone a two colour real-time tool which allows distinguishing in 4D two /Fab-7/s stably integrated into the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Additionally, I improved the DNA-FISH protocol of the lab and identified vestigial and apterous as potential gene loci forming nuclear associations dependent on transcription in Drosophila melanogaster
Polit, Lélia. "Régulation de l’expression génique par le facteur de transcription SPI1/PU.1 dans l’érythroleucémie : mécanismes de répression des gènes par sa liaison à l’ADN, conséquences de sa liaison à l’ARN." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL064.
Full textSPI1/PU.1 is a transcription factor belonging to the ETS family characterized by a highly conserved DNA binding domain (ETS domain) and a common core binding the 5’-GGAA/T-3’ DNA sequence. SPI1 is a key regulator of haematopoiesis, the regulation of SPI1 expression and function depends on lineage. Deregulation of Spi1 expression or activity contributes to hemopathies; SPI1 behaves as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor according to the hematopoietic lineage. SPI1 has been shown to be oncogenic in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia, pediatric T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and erythroleukemia. Acute erythroid leukemia is a rare but high-risk leukaemia of poorly understood genetic basis. In the murine erythroid lineage, SPI1 abnormal unrestrained expression leads to acute leukemia, in part by inhibiting erythroid differentiation and apoptosis of erythroid progenitors.SPI1 is a transcription factor that also affects splicing processes. The ways SPI1 activates gene expression are now mostly established. As a pioneering transcription factor, SPI1 is able to bind closed chromatin and then to recruit many epigenetic and/or lineage specific co- or transcriptional factors. In contrast, Spi1 repressive functions on gene expression remain poorly understood. Whether it acts through its ability to bind DNA and/or RNA is not known. My PhD thesis is dedicated to the characterization of the mechanisms by which SPI1 represses gene expression. In particular, I studied how SPI1 represses gene expression in a model of murine erythroleukemia by investigating the role of SPI1 on epigenetic modifications. I also investigated the consequences of SPI1 binding to RNA. Using pre-leukemic cells issued from Spi1 transgenic mice, cells in which spi1 expression can be controlled (overexpressed or down-regulated), I performed an integrated analysis of several high throughput sequencing data sets to characterize epigenetic histone modifications, chromatin accessibility and gene expression. In order to compare histone modification signals from different conditions, we developed an R package, named ChIP-seq Inter-sample Normalization (CHIPIN). The algorithm of CHIPIN is based on the biological assumption that genes with constant expression across conditions have, on average, similar “true” ChIP-seq binding intensities. Using bioinformatic analysis combined with biological experiments, we demonstrate that SPI1 gene repression activity was based on the coordination of two mechanisms that involved and are controlled by histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). Repressed genes include genes coding for apoptosis and erythroid differentiation. Finally, I studied the landscape of SPI1 binding on RNA using CLIP-seq data and showed that SPI1 binding on RNA was not related to gene expression regulation. Thus, the role of SPI1 when it binds RNA is not fully explain, even if we showed that SPI1 binds mainly in intronic regions on RNA. To sum up, my work highlighted new mechanisms for gene repression regulation by SPI1 in erythroleukemia in cooperation with two epigenetics factors: PRC2 and HDAC1. This work provides new insights in the role of the major hematopoietic regulator SPI1 for gene repression mechanisms. In addition, part of my work was dedicated to develop an R package called CHIPIN allowing for normalization of ChIP-seq signals from several conditions or samples. This method can be also used for ATAC-seq data. The R package is user friendly and can therefore be used by both bioinformaticians and biologists
Labialle, Stéphane. "Élément invMED1 et complexe LRP130 d'activation du gène MDR1 humain : découverte et application à la génothérapie du phénotype de multi-chimiorésistance des cancers." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10032.
Full textBastide, Lionel. "Contribution à l'étude de la régulation des gènes par des Bis-PNA." Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON13510.
Full textBigey, Pascal. "Reconnaissance et coupures spécifiques d'ADN double brin à l'aide d'oligonucléotides ou de PNA porteurs d'une nucléase chimique." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30152.
Full textSimard, François. "Régulation de l'expression génique et de la sécrétion des cytokines chez le neutrophile humain : implication de la voie des MAPK MEK/ERK et son découplage." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6361.
Full textFalquerho, Laurence. "Etude de la phosphoprotéine hépatique PP63 : propriétés biologiques, expression et transcription constitutive de son gène." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20222.
Full textJobert, Laure. "Analysis of the function of human TAF15 in the regulation of gene expression." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13193.
Full textTAF15 (TBP-associated factor 15) forms with EWS (Ewing sarcoma) and TLS (translocated in liposarcoma) the TET protein family, whose genes are frequently translocated in human sarcomas. TAF15 has been identified on the basis of its association with a subpopulation of the general transcription factor TFIID and RNA polymerase II. We found by gene expression profiling that about 7. 5% of the genes were misregulated upon TAF15 knockdown. A detailed analysis of certain TAF15-regulated genes showed that TAF15 acts at the transcriptional level and is recruited on the transcripts of its target genes. Most importantly, TAF15 can form a novel complex with the spliceosomal small nuclear U1 RNA (U1 snRNA) that is distinct from the well-characterized small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1 particle. Since TAF15 binds both the U1 snRNA and its target transcripts and also controls transcription of a specific set of genes, TAF15 may participate in the coupling of transcription and splicing on certain genes
Bru, Thierry. "Les rétrovirus recombinants : un outil pour l'étude de la transcription inverse et de la mobilisation d'ARNs hétérologues." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR3301.
Full textRetroviral vectors have been the first used in clinical gene therapy. The presence of viral sequences in these vectors can promote homologous recombination leading to the formation of fully or partially replicative competent retrovirus. Other recombination events have been identified during the reverse transcription of the viral RNA. Many studies have shown that the reverse transcriptase can realise intra-molecular switches within the RNA template and inter-molecular switches between identical sequences present in copackaged viral RNA. The first aim of our study was to analyse and quantify the events of inter-molecular switches during the proviral DNA synthesis. For that, we designed different couple of retroviral vectors defective for the completion of reverse transcription. Different homologous sequences were cloned in complementary vectors to compare the frequencies of recombination initiated by each sequence. We have realised a second study concerning the MoMLV packaging signal in retroviral vectors. We have replaced, in a recombinant provirus, the by a bank of random sequences. These vectors have been selected by a technique derivated from the SELEX. This approach should have allowed us to select, by infection, all the sequences able to efficiently replaced the wild type. Others studies have shown that the expression of the gag gene in an SFV (Semliki Forest Virus ) vector promoted to the formation of particles mobilising heterologous SFV RNA. We have first tested the mobilisation of SFV RNA within retroviral particles. We have also shown that SFV RNA could be efficiently mobilised in virus-like particles obtained by the expression of VSV glycoprotein alone. Preliminary studies were realised to understand this mechanism of SFV RNA mobilisation
Ainaoui, Nadéra. "Étude de la régulation de l'expression génique du facteur de croissance FGF-1 au cours de la myogénèse." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1708/.
Full textThe FGF1 (fibroblast growth factor 1) is a growth factor known for its role in the angiogenesis, which is also involved in the myogenesis. The gene of the FGF1 contains four promoters tissue specific allowing the synthesis of transcribed four possessing different regions 5 'untranslated region ( UTR). The mRNA from promoters A and C contains one IRES (internal entry ribosome site), structural element which allows the translation of the mRNA by a mechanism different from the classic mechanism dependent on the cap. The first part of my thesis concerned the implication of the FGF1 during the differentiation of the in vitro myotubes, and during the in vivo muscular regeneration. We were able to demonstrate that the FGF1 is involved during the differentiation and during the muscular regeneration, and that this induction is required for the differentiation of myotubes. It seems that this induction is due to a coordinated activation of the transcription from the promoter A and of the translation under control of IRES A, suggesting a coupling mechanism transcription-translation. With the aim of clarifying this mechanism, I focused the second part of my thesis on the research for the protein factors implied in this regulation during the myogenesis. By the technology of biomolecular interaction coupled with the mass spectrometry (BIA-MS) and experiments of CHIP, we identified two candidate proteins, the hnRNPM and p54 nrb / NonO, which are bound at the same time in IRES and to the promoter of the FGF1 during the differentiation of myoblastes. Our results demonstrate that these proteins belong to the same complex which is shuttle in the nucleocytoplasmic specifically in the second day of differentiation myoblastiques, and that they have the double function of transcriptionnel and translation activator. Furthermore, hnRNPM and p54 nrb / NonO are bound in the domain CTD of the polymérase RNA II, and their function of activator of IRES requires a stage transcriptionnel. These data allow us to propose a model of coupling transcription-translation in which both proteins are bound to the promoter and activate the transcription, then are transferred on the rising ARNm where they play then the role of ITAF (IRES trans-acting factor). So we show that the translation is regulated in a way co-transcriptionnel following the example of the stages of maturation of the mRNA as the splicing or the polyadénylation. Furthermore, the inhibition of p54 nrb / NonO blocks the induction of the FGF1 and the training of myotubes, demonstrating the physiological relevance of this mechanism. The third part of my thesis was dedicated to the study of the influence of the region 3 ' untranslated (3'UTR) from the mRNA of the FGF1 on the regulation of this factor during the myogenèse. The results show that this region 3'UTR plays activator's role of IRES, particularly in the presence of the promoter A. Finally I was thus able to demonstrate that the regulation of the expression of the FGF1 during the myogenesis is very complex, that it implies a coupling mechanism transcription-translation regulated by protein factors, as well as a dialogue enters IRES A and the region 3'UTR of the mRNA. In perspective it seems that such a coupling mechanism can certainly become widespread on other mRNA of the myogenesis possessing IRES, as well as in the other physiological processes
Maallem, Saïd. "Osmoadaptation cellulaire cérébrale en situation d'hypertonicité systémique chez le rat : expession des gènes osmoprotecteurs et de leur facteur de transcription transactivateur : Identification de nouveaux gènes osmo-inductibles." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10014.
Full textClinical observations suggest that brain cells possess osmoadaptation ability. Using an animal model of systemic hypertonicity, we have studied by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization cellular expression of osmoprotective genes, aldose reductase (AR) and myo-inositol transporter (SMIT) and their transactivator transcription factor (TonEBP). TonEBP is expressed and tonicity-induced in neurons only. Tonicity-induced expression of AR and SMIT is restricted to respectively some neuronal and non-neuronal cell subsets. These large discrepancies in cellular expression suggest the involvement of other genes. Using microarray analysis, we have identified four immediate early genes encoding transcription factors and one neutral aminoacid transporter whose tissular expression is tonicity-induced in brain and which might be involved in brain cellular osmoadaptation