Academic literature on the topic 'Transdermal adhesive'

The objective of this study was to develop novel water-based drug-in-adhesive pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) patches for the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen, employing poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-acrylic acid) copolymer (PVPAA) and poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride) (PMVEMA) as the main components. The polymers were crosslinked with tartaric acid and dihydroxyaluminium aminoacetate using various polymer ratios. Ketoprofen was incorporated into the PVPAA/PMVEMA PSAs during the patch preparation. The physicochemical properties, adhesive properties, drug content, release profile, and skin permeation of the patches were examined. Moreover, the in vivo skin irritation and skin adhesion performance in human volunteers were evaluated. The patches prepared at a weight ratio of PVPAA/PMVEMA of 1:1 presented the highest tacking strength, with desirable peeling characteristics. The ketoprofen-loaded PVPAA/PMVEMA patches exhibited superior adhesive properties, compared to the commercial patches, because the former showed an appropriate crosslinking and hydrating status with the aid of a metal coordination complex. Besides, the permeated flux of ketoprofen through the porcine skin of the ketoprofen-loaded PVPAA/PMVEMA patches (4.77 ± 1.00 µg/cm2/h) was comparable to that of the commercial patch (4.33 ± 0.80 µg/cm2/h). In human studies, the PVPAA/PMVEMA patches exhibited a better skin adhesion performance, compared with the commercial patches, without skin irritation. In addition, the patches were stable for 6 months. Therefore, these novel water-based PSAs may be a potential adhesive for preparing drug-in-adhesive patches.

The administration of pioglitazone as an oral therapy is restricted due to various challenges. The aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the suitability of pioglitazone in adhesive transdermal patch as an alternative delivery system, in order to improve therapeutic delivery. Drug in adhesive pioglitazone (2% w/w) transdermal patch were optimized for drug release, suitable adhesive, and skin permeation enhancer. The selected patch was examined for drug-loading capacity and the patch with greater pioglitazone (6% w/w) was evaluated in rat models. The release of pioglitazone was influenced by the tested adhesive and was shown to be significantly higher (p < 0.001) with patch, prepared using Duro-Tak 87-2516. The ex vivo permeation results substantiate the release data as a greater transdermal flux (15.67 ± 2.35 µg/cm2/h) was demonstrated in patch fabricated with Duro-Tak 87-2516. Skin penetration enhancers promoted the ex vivo transdermal delivery of pioglitazone, and was ~2 folds (p < 0.0001) higher with propylene glycol, as compared to patch without enhancer. The maximum solubility of pioglitazone in Duro-Tak 87-2516 was found to be 6% w/w. Increasing the drug content in patch enhanced the transdermal flux and was highest when the pioglitazone level was 6% w/w (72.68 ± 5.76 µg/cm2/h). In vivo pharmacokinetic data demonstrate that the AUC0-α in transdermal application (13,506.51 ± 1649.92 ng·h/mL) was ~2 times higher (p < 0.0001) as compared to oral dosage form. In conclusion, the promising results observed here signifies that developed patch could be a viable alternative for oral therapy of pioglitazone.

Transdermal Patches have been contributing important part to the pharmaceutical industry and medical practice by providing advances in delivery of treatment with existing and novel drugs. Transdermal drug delivery system has made great contribution in the medical practices but many researches are undergoing to achieve its full potential. Transdermal drug delivery system was came into existence to overcome difficulties of drug delivery especially oral route. Transdermal drug delivery refers to means of delivering drugs through the surface of the skin for local or systemic treatment. The drug functions after absorption through skin into the systemic circulation via capillary action at certain rate. Transdermal patches are now widely used as topical and transdermal delivery systems. These patches are a significant result of advancements in skin science, technology, and knowledge, which have been created via trial and error, clinical observation, and evidence-based investigations dating back to the earliest human records. A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is applied to the skin and used to deliver a precise amount of medicine into the bloodstream via the skin. A benefit of transdermal medication administration over other forms of delivery systems such as oral, topical, intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), and so on is that it is non-invasive. Transdermal patches provide medication to the patient in a regulated manner, either by a porous membrane covering a reservoir of medication or by body heat melting tiny layers of drug contained in the adhesive. This review article covers the basics of transdermal patches, such as the many types of patches, how they're made, and what factors influence them, among other things. Keyword: Skin Delivery, Transdermal Drug Delivery System, Transdermal Excipients, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Sildenafil Citrate.

Microneedles have attracted increasing interest among various medical fields due to their painless, noninvasive, and efficient way of drug delivery. However, practical applications of these microneedles in different epidermal locations and environments are still restricted by their low adhesion and poor antimicrobial activity. Here, inspired by the antibacterial strategy of Paenibacillus polymyxa and adhesion mechanisms of mussel byssi and octopus tentacles, we develop hierarchical microneedles with multifunctional adhesive and antibacterial abilities. With polydopamine hydrogel as the microneedle base and a loop of suction-cup-structured concave chambers encircling each microneedle, the generated microneedles can fit the skin well; keep strong adhesion in dry, moist, and wet environments; and realize self-repair after being split into two parts. Besides, as polymyxin is loaded into both the hydrogel tips and the polydopamine base, the microneedles are endowed with excellent ability to resist common bacteria during storage and usage. We have demonstrated that these microneedles not only showed excellent adhesion when applied to knuckles and ideal antibacterial activity but also performed well in drug-sustained release and treatment for the osteoarthritis rat model. These results indicate that bioinspired multifunctional microneedles will break through the limitation of traditional methods and be ideal candidates for versatile transdermal drug delivery systems.

This work was performed as a preliminary transdermal drug delivery (TDD) study to investigate the diffusion characteristics and effects of skin surfactants in vitro of four active ingredients on a poly(dimethyl siloxane) polycarbonate copolymer membrane. A Franz-type diffusion cell and various receptor solutions were used. The adhesive used was comprised of a polyisobutylene-based pressure sensitive adhesive manufactured by Adhesives Research Inc. High performance liquid chromatography was used to analyze the diffusion characteristics of these systems. In addition, the effects of two skin surfactants (sodium lauryl sulfate and dimethyl sulfoxide) on the adhesive were also investigated. Results from peel testing and thermal analysis showed that the peel strength, glass transition, and softening temperature of the adhesive was greatly reduced with the addition of the surfactants.
Master of Engineering

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-21T14:03:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 franciscojoseraposo.pdf: 8007734 bytes, checksum: fe0de044cfdfc278498c67f0c08daa98 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-22T11:39:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 franciscojoseraposo.pdf: 8007734 bytes, checksum: fe0de044cfdfc278498c67f0c08daa98 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T11:39:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 franciscojoseraposo.pdf: 8007734 bytes, checksum: fe0de044cfdfc278498c67f0c08daa98 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28
A intensidade das atividades de pesquisa, aprimoramento e inovação que as empresas do setor farmacêutico desenvolvem e a oferta de novas terapias e medicamentos fomentam a introdução de novos produtos e rotas alternativas de administração de fármacos como opção de novos tratamentos para muitas patologias. A disfunção erétil (DE) é definida como a incapacidade persistente de obter e manter uma ereção suficiente para uma função sexual satisfatória. Embora não seja uma ameaça à vida, ela pode ter um efeito negativo no relacionamento interpessoal e comprometer o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida do indivíduo e do casal. Os recentes avanços farmacológicos no tratamento da DE têm despertado crescente interesse de profissionais da saúde nesta disfunção sexual, gerando uma demanda crescente por formas farmacêuticas com maior aceitação pelo paciente e/ou vias alternativas de administração dos fármacos, dentre eles a tadalafila. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um dispositivo tecnológico capaz de fabricar filmes poliméricos (patches) que propiciem a individualização das dosagens e a administração transdérmica de fármacos. Para criar o dispositivo mecânico, desenhos técnicos foram criados utilizando o software Solidworks/Premium 2015, e atendendo aos requisitos de ergonomia, de fabricação e de custo para o setor Saúde. Posteriormente, um protótipo funcional foi construído em aço inox 316L e a formulação farmacêutica, contendo a tadalafila (10 mg cm-2 de adesivo) como princípio ativo, foi preparada. Foi desenvolvido e validado um método analítico (cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência) para a quantificação do fármaco, conforme a resolução RE 899. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: robustez, especificidade, linearidade, limites de detecção e de quantificação, precisão e exatidão. Os adesivos foram avaliados quanto o peso médio (n=10) e o valor médio encontrado foi de 241,01mg (desvio padrão=3,41 e valor de aceitação=12,40); na uniformidade de conteúdo para preparações em doses unitárias (n=10) o percentual foi de 108,93 % (desvio padrão=0,82 e coeficiente de variação=0,75 %) e o teor de tadalafila intra-adesivo (n=40), foi verificada uma distribuição uniforme da mesma (coeficiente de variação médio  2 %). A permeação ex vivo da tadalafila, a partir de sua formulação, foi determinada em células de Franz (n=6) equipadas com pele humana e mantida 12 horas em contato com o adesivo contendo a formulação e empregando o método de tape stripping. O método otimizado apresentou limites de confiança aceitáveis e dentro dos preconizados pela RE 899 e considerado validado para a aplicação em estudos de permeação ex vivo com filmes poliméricos contendo tadalafila. A tadalafila foi capaz de permear para a epiderme viável e derme, com um percentual de 5,7 %. Assim, o dispositivo criado foi capaz de produzir filmes poliméricos homogêneos de tadalafila sendo possível o emprego desta inovação tecnológica para ser empregada na terapêutica individualizada da DE.
The great amount of activities the pharmacy industry develops in terms of research, improvement and innovation, as well as the new therapies and drugs made available encourage the introduction of new products and alternative routes for drug administration as an option in new treatments for many diseases. Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the persistent inability to attain and maintain an erection sufficient for a satisfactory sexual function. Although not life threatening, the ED can have a negative effect on interpersonal relationships, compromising one’s well-being and quality of life, both individually and as a couple. Recent pharmacological advances in the treatment of ED have aroused growing interest among health professionals towards sexual dysfunction, generating an increasing demand for pharmaceutical forms with greater acceptance by the patient and/or alternative routes for drug administration, including tadalafil. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a technological device capable of making polymeric films (patches) which might enable drug dosage individualization and transdermal administration. In order to create such mechanical device, technical drawings were made by using the software Solidworks/Premium 2015 and taking into account ergonomic, manufacturing and cost requirements for the health sector. Subsequently, a functional prototype was built in 316L stainless steel and a pharmaceutical formulation containing tadalafil (10 mg cm-2 adhesive) as active ingredient was prepared. An analytical method (highperformance liquid chromatography) was developed and validated for drug quantification, according to resolution RE 899. The parameters evaluated were: robustness, specificity, linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision and accuracy. The adhesives were assessed regarding average weight (n = 10) and the average weight value was of 241.01 mg (standard deviation = 3.41 and acceptance value = 12.40); the content uniformity for preparations in unit doses (n = 10) the percentage was 108.93 % (standard deviation = 0.82 and coefficient of variation = 0.75 %) and intra adhesive tadalafil content (n = 40) a uniform distribution of the same (mean coefficient of variation < 2 %) was observed. Then, the ex vivo permeation of polymeric films containing tadalafil was determined in Franz cells (n = 6) equipped with human skin and kept for 12 hours in contact with the adhesive containing the formulation and by using the tape stripping method. The optimized method showed acceptable confidence limits and within the recommended by RE 899, being validated for use in ex vivo permeation studies with polymer films containing tadalafil. Tadalafil was able to permeate to the viable epidermis and dermis, with a percentage of 5.7 %. Thus, the created device was able to produce homogeneous polymer films of tadalafil, showing such technological innovation to be feasible in the individualized therapy for the ED treatment.

Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Allen, Mark; Committee Member: Allen, Sue; Committee Member: Glezer, Ari; Committee Member: Koros, Williams; Committee Member: Prausnitz, Mark. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
醫學工程學研究所
91
The ultimate goal of this study is to help thalassemia patients, who chronically require blood transfusions to keep alive. However, such long-term transfusions can easily lead to a build-up of trivalent iron and produce an iron overload condition. To treat iron overload, the patients usually receive intravenous or subcutaneous deferoxamine mesylate (DFO) regularly. But, because of the pain the patients may resist taking drug, so the effects of treatment are not very good. Consequently, we hope to be able to change the method of delivering DFO─we want to see if we can replace the injection method with transdermal drug delivery. The immediate goal of the study, therefore, is to assess the feasibility of designing and fabricating a DFO patch using an adhesive dispersion-type transdermal drug delivery system. It is hoped that it can let the drug pass through the skin at a fixed rate of speed and reach the circulation system, from where it can spread its therapeutic effect throughout the body. In this research, we choose the commercial pressure sensitive adhesives to be the drug reservoirs and observe the release profile of DFO in the adhesives in order to develop and design transdermal patchs. But because drug matrices can only contain a certain amount loading drug, the area of the designed patch is too big. Adding diethylene glycol and tetraethylene glycol to be penetration enhancers, the result is not as good as we expected. But adding Tween 80, it will enhance DFO penetrating through porcine skin in 10 days. We guess DFO is penetrating through porcine skin via sweat glands and hair follicles, a hydrophilic way. And we can find the presence of DFO in the rabbit serum. But the mechanism of the transdermal drug delivery system is needed further research and development.

碩士
國立雲林科技大學
化學工程與材料工程研究所
95
This project will study the preparation of pressure-sensitive adhesive-the key component of hydrophilic plaster. This pressure sensitive adhesive is an acrylic polymer containing low glass transition temperature monomers which can be polymerized by emulsion polymerization. This polymer must be formulated with thickner or hydrophilic plasticizer before a pressure sensitive adhesive with high water content, good gas permeability, high sweat absorptivity and strong adhesion and cohesion, can be obtained. As far as synthesis technology is concerned, a series of chemical characterizations such as TGA,DSC,SEM as well as physical measurements such as adhesion, cohesion, water absorbability would also be carried out in a way to assure the product specification.