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Academic literature on the topic 'Transestérification enzymatique'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Transestérification enzymatique"
Khayat, Chiraz. "Couplage transestérification enzymatique et distillation moléculaire : Application à la concentration d'esters d'acides gras polyinsaturés." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1236.
Full textThe w-3 and w-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are essential for a human metabolism. Several research studies were therefore dedicated to develop new technologies (separation, enrichment, genetic manipulation,. . . ) in order to concentrate these substances in oils. We have chosen the enzymatic enrichment associated to a short pathway distillation. This approach presents several advantages such as a low input of energy and an environment friendly characteristic (solvent free process). Five oils are selected (borage, camelina, primrose, microalgae Crypthecodinium cohnii and fungi Mortierella alpina 1 S-4) in order to obtain a concentrated solution of PUFA (respectively GLA, ALA, GLA, DHA and AA). TG oils were first chemically transesterified into a lower alcohol esters. An enzymatic transesterification was then performed and transformed the lower alcohol esters into heavier ones. At this step, a detailed study was carried out to optimise the experimental conditions, to choice the alcohols and to screen the lipases. Two distillation steps allowed to separate first, the alcohol from the esters and second the lower alcohol esters from the heavier ones. Finally, the efficiency of the reactor mixing to be applied was evaluated using a numerical study of the fluid. The mechanism investigation of lipase's action to selectively transesterify the fatty acid esters was also attempted using molecular modelisation. The process studied and described herein led to an industrial development of the selective enrichment of specific PUFA in several oil extracts
Goma, Doncescu Nathalie. "Synthèse enzymatique de cires en milieux concentrés." Compiègne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997COMP1022.
Full textWax ester production has been investigated. Transesterification reaction has been realized from methyl ester mix (vegetable oils of rape and sunflower) and stearyl alcohol with Lipozyme. The alcoholysis reaction is controlled in solvent-free medium that is exclusively composed of the reactants and the enzyme. The transesterification is performed by simply mixing the two substrates in a temperature-controlled water bath under stirring. High yields are obtained with a Iow amount of Lipozyme, rate conversion from 80 to 100 % depending on molar ratio in 2 hours at the temperature of 60 °C. The balance between optimal working temperature and the molar ratio of substrates in such a complex medium appears to be 60 °C with a molar ratio I methyl oleate : stearyl alcohol of I 1: 0,5I. Substrate inhibition due to stearyl alcohol has been confirmed by a study of kinetic parameters. More, external diffusional limitations have been showed (reaction medium/surface of enzymatic support). Then, after evaluation, optimization of process has been performed. The validation of results has been verified at a large-scale process. Another enzymatic preparation has been tested. Novozym permits to obtain optimal yield for the equimolar mixing. This advantage directly led to a final product exempted of substrates. More, catalytic efficiency of Novozym (0,213 min-1) is higher than catalytic efficiency of Lipozyme (0,144 min-1). Finally, transesterification reaction has been examined with the elimination of the co-product formed, the methanol in proportion of producing. The two immobilised enzymes have been investigated in covered reactor, cap-opened reactor and under vacuum. More rapid is the methanol elimination, higher is the rate production of stearyl oleate. The use of substrate ratio S 1/Sz=l leads to direct stearyl waxes production exempted from reactive using simple but efficient way
Rodriguez, De Rodriguez Maria Del Pilar. "Production de biodiesel à partir d'une huile modèle de microalgues par voie de catalyse enzymatique hétérogène." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/111.
Full textSeverac, Etienne. "Valorisation enzymatique des huiles végétales." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAT0044/document.
Full textThis work focused on the development of efficient continuous processes for the production of esters from crude or refined high oleic sunflower oil with enzymatic packed bed reactor presenting high levels of productivity and stability. A process of continuous transesterification in packed bed reactor using Novozyme 435 (lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized onto Lewatit VP OC 1600), a non-specific biocatalyst, was optimized to transformation of high-oleic sunflower oil into butylic esters. The phenomena of partition of polar compounds (phospholipids found in crude oils, produced glycerol etc.) between the reaction medium and the enzymatic support were managed using tert-butanol, a polar solvent. The conditions that enabled the best compromise between stability, productivity and production yields were obtained with an initial oil concentration of 500 mM and a molar ratio between co-substrates of 5. Such conditions enabled a productivity of 13.8 tons.kg-1.kg of Novozyme 435-1 to be reached. The reactor exhibited great stability for 50 consecutive days without any loss of activity. That enabled to minimize the high costs of the enzyme. The novelty of the process was the use of crude oils, containing high levels of natural antioxidants (phospholipids, tocopherols etc.). We demonstrated that these minor components of oils were preserved during the transesterification process. It conferred the synthesized esters some remarkable properties of oxidative resistance.The economic relevance of the process was improved thanks to the development of a new biocatalyst onto a very hydrophobic support (Accurel MP) in order to avoid any adsorptions of polar compounds. An economic analysis (maximisation of the net present value) enabled to rationalize the optimal immobilisation conditions. Over the whole process, it enabled a 50% saving on the global expenses.__ In continuous transesterification conditions, no difference in the product profile was noticed between the new biocatalyst and Novozyme 435.Finally, an alternative to direct transesterification of oil was considered. A first stage of oil hydrolysis is followed by a process of fatty acid recovery and a stage of enzymatic esterification into esters. In order to realize/complete this last stage, the best reaction system was a solvent-free medium. A continuous reactor for the esterification of oleic acid with isobutanol was optimized. It enabled a reactor stable/a stable reactor for 54 consecutive days, respecting the conditions of white biotechnologies. An annual productivity of 126 tons.year-1.kg of Novozyme 435-1 was reached. That represented a productivity improvement by a factor of 9.2 in comparison with the transesterification process
Borg, Pascale. "Comparaison entre différents procédés de synthèse de triacyglycérols d'acides gras polyinsaturés n-3 par voie enzymatique en milieu non-conventionnel." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL081N.
Full textGoldberg, Michel. "La lipase de Candida cylindracea en milieu biphasique peu hydraté : estérification, transestérification, réactions couplées : l'eau et le contrôle de la cinétique enzymatique." Compiègne, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989COMPD209.
Full textCoulon, Denis. "Étude d'un procédé de synthèse enzymatique d'esters de sucre et d'acide gras." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_COULON_D.pdf.
Full textChulalaksananukul, Warawut. "Estérification et transestérification catalysées par la lipase de Mucor Miehei en solvants organique et supercritique." Toulouse, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAT0001.
Full textHazelard, Damien. "Synthèse stéréosélective d'acides aminocyclobutanecarboxyliques : préparation de dérivés de la sérine et de l'ornithine." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112301.
Full textThis work deals with the stereoselective synthesis of alpha-aminocyclobutanecarboxylic acids in particular two cyclobutanic derivatives of natural amino acids: ornithine and serine. These aminoacids could potentially have biological properties. In the new pathway the key-step is based on a stereoselective one-pot asymmetric Strecker-reaction from 2-substituted cyclobutanones. In the first part, we report two new synthetic methods of optically active 2-substituted cyclobutanones. The first one is based on enzymatic transesterification of 2-hydroxyclobutanone or derivatives to give corresponding enantiopure alcohol and acetate with good yields and excellent enantiomeric excesses. Both compounds are transformed in few steps into both enantiomers of 2-benzyloxycyclobutanone. The second method describes an asymmetric alkylation of chiral imines or hydrazones prepared from cyclobutanones. Thus optically active 2-alkyl-cyclobutanones, some of them are detected in irradiated foodstuffs, are obtained with good yields and good enantiomeric excesses. In the second part, we describe the synthesis of cyclobutanic amino acid analogues of serine and ornithine. The key-step is an asymmetric Strecker reaction from chiral or racemic cyclobutanones, in which the diastereoselectivity under various conditions is specified and absolute configurations of amino nitriles are determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. These amino nitriles give for the first time in 3 steps serine and ornithine derivatives. In this part we also report a one-pot asymmetric alkylation-Strecker reaction to obtain optically active beta-alkylated amino nitriles, which are potentially precursors of aminoacids
Kouteu, Nanssou Paul. "Mise en œuvre des lipases végétales issues des graines dans la catalyse enzymatique d’esters éthyliques d’huiles végétales pour la production de biodiesel." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NSAM0011.
Full textThere is a great interest in the use of lipase in the production of Biodiesel, alternative diesel fuel, usually obtained from a transesterification of triacylglycerol with an alcohol which is mostly methanol. To have a biodiesel derived totally from vegetable biomass, ethanol must be explored as acyl acceptor. The objective of this work is to develop enzymatic processes for the synthesis of ethyl esters catalyzed by plant lipases in their crude form with all inputs (oil and alcohol) of origin plant. Firstly, the hydrolysis and ethanolysis activities of A. suarezensis, A. grandidieri, J. curcas, J. mahafalensis, M. oleifera and M. drouhardii seeds were assessed. Subsequently, the most active(s) plant lipase(s) was selected to study the effects of some factors on their ability to carry out ethanolysis reactions in nonaqueous, aqueous media and using as substrate their lipids. Finally, combustion tests were carried out on a single cylinder direct injection engine to study the performance, emissions and combustion of biodiesel and its mixture with diesel. All germinated seeds have hydrolysis and ethanolysis activity. The most active in ethanolysis is the powder from A. grandidieri seed. With this powder, two processes were developed: one in nonaquous medium and the other in aqueous medium (yield of 96.2 % and 96.3 %, respectively). Lipase from A. grandidieri seed is able to transesterify its oils without an extraction thereof into ethyl ester. Performance and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and its mixtures are similar to that of diesel fuel. A significant reduction in CO, NOX, CO2 and SO2 emissions during the combustion of biodiesel and its mixtures is observed. These results show that plant lipases exploited in their crude form can be an alternative to microbial lipases and chemical catalysts