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Journal articles on the topic 'Transesterification kinetics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Beljic Durkovic, Biljana B., Jelena D. Jovanovic, and Borivoj K. Adnadjevic. "Comparative kinetics of the alkali-catalyzed sunflower oil methanolysis with co-solvent under conventional and microwave heating with controlled cooling." Green Processing and Synthesis 7, no. 5 (2018): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2017-0038.

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Abstract The kinetics of the alkali-catalyzed transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol in the presence of co-solvent (TSMPC) were investigated. The kinetics curves of the alkali-catalyzed TSMPC, in the temperature range of 26°C–55°C, were measured for conventional heating (CH) and microwave heating with controlled cooling. The results showed that for both heating modes, the kinetics of the alkali-catalyzed TSMPC reaction can be described with the kinetic model of the pseudo first-order reaction with respect to the concentration of the triglycerides. The values of apparent reaction ra

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2

Okewale, A. D., Millionaire Freeborn Nestor Abowei, F. O. Agbogun, and C. N. Owabor. "Simplified Rate Expression for Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) and Methanol Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 5 (2020): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.5.1901.

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The need for the development of simplified kinetics rates expression (-RA) for Vegetable Oils Alkali catalyzed Transesterification processes to enhance biodiesel production motivated this study. The study, therefore aimed at proposing unified simple rate expression that may be a useful prelude to design various reactor types for Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) and Methanol reactions. The kinetics rate expression is proposed using simple explicit algebraic technique with the consideration that alkali catalyzed transesterification reaction of palm kernel oil and met

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3

Dąbkowska, Katarzyna, Maciej Pilarek, and Krzysztof W. Szewczyk. "Substrate Inhibition in Lipase-Catalysed Transesterification of Mandelic acid with Vinyl Acetate." Chemical and Process Engineering 33, no. 4 (2012): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10176-012-0044-8.

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Kinetic resolution of (R)- and (S)-mandelic acid by its transesterification with vinyl acetate catalysed by Burholderia cepacia lipase has been studied. The influence of the initial substrate concentration on the kinetics of process has been investigated. A modified ping-pong bi-bi model of enzymatic transesterification of (S)-mandelic acid including substrate inhibition has been developed. The values of kinetic parameters of the model have been estimated. We have shown that the inhibition effect revealed over a certain threshold limit value of the initial concentration of substrate.

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4

Nasreen, Sadia, Hui Liu, Ivana Lukic, Liaqat Qurashi, and Dejan Skala. "Heterogeneous kinetics of vegetable oil transesterification at high temperature." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 22, no. 4 (2016): 419–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160107011n.

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Currently, the catalytic efficiency and reusability of the solid base catalysts cannot meet the demand of industrial biodiesel production under low temperature. The purpose of this study is to define the kinetics of heterogeneous transesterification process which might be used for the prediction of the biodiesel synthesis at high temperature and pressure. The focus in this study was paid to recently reported data obtained with different catalysts used for biodiesel synthesis in a batch reactor at high temperatures. It was shown that three kinetic models that include: a) irreversible first orde

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5

Šánek, Lubomír, Pecha Jiří, Jakub Husár, and Karel Kolomazník. "Mathematical modeling of transesterification process kinetics of triglycerides catalyzed by TMAH." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929201027.

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Biodiesel is a renewable fuel mainly produced by methylation of triglycerides of vegetable oils or animal fats. The production processes nowadays are particularly based on the utilization of inorganic alkali catalysts. However, it has been proved that an organic alkali – tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) – can also be used as a very efficient transesterification catalyst. The work presented herein is focused on mathematical modeling of the kinetics of TMAH-catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides at different reaction conditions, specifically at varying reaction temperature with the a

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6

Freedman, Bernard, Royden O. Butterfield, and Everett H. Pryde. "Transesterification kinetics of soybean oil 1." Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 63, no. 10 (1986): 1375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02679606.

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7

DOSSIN, T., M. REYNIERS, and G. MARIN. "Kinetics of heterogeneously MgO-catalyzed transesterification." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 62, no. 1-2 (2006): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.04.005.

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8

Noureddini, H., and D. Zhu. "Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 74, no. 11 (1997): 1457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-997-0254-2.

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9

Stamenkovic, Olivera, Miodrag Lazic, Vlada Veljkovic, and Dejan Skala. "Biodiesel production by enzyme-catalyzed transesterification." Chemical Industry 59, no. 3-4 (2005): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0504049s.

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The principles and kinetics of biodiesel production from vegetable oils using lipase-catalyzed transesterification are reviewed. The most important operating factors affecting the reaction and the yield of alkyl esters, such as: the type and form of lipase, the type of alcohol, the presence of organic solvents, the content of water in the oil, temperature and the presence of glycerol are discussed. In order to estimate the prospects of lipase-catalyzed transesterification for industrial application, the factors which influence the kinetics of chemically-catalysed transesterification are also c

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10

Okullo, Aldo A., and Abraham K. Temu. "Modelling the Kinetics of Jatropha Oil Transesterification." Energy and Power Engineering 07, no. 04 (2015): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/epe.2015.74013.

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11

Clark, William M., Nicholas J. Medeiros, Donal J. Boyd, and Jared R. Snell. "Biodiesel transesterification kinetics monitored by pH measurement." Bioresource Technology 136 (May 2013): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.089.

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12

Yoeswono, Yoeswono, Triyono Triyono, and Iqmal Tahir. "KINETICS OF PALM OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION IN METHANOL WITH POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE AS A CATALYST." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 8, no. 2 (2010): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21625.

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A study on palm oil transesterification to evaluate the effect of some parameters in the reaction on the reaction kinetics has been carried out. Transesterification was started by preparing potassium methoxide from potassium hydroxide and methanol and then mixed it with the palm oil. An aliquot was taken at certain time interval during transesterification and poured into test tube filled with distilled water to stop the reaction immediately. The oil phase that separated from the glycerol phase by centrifugation was analyzed by 1H-NMR spectrometer to determine the percentage of methyl ester con

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13

Haryanto, Agus, Amieria Citra Gita, Tri Wahyu Saputra, and Mareli Telaumbanua. "Kinetics of Biodiesel Synthesis Using Used Frying Oil through Transesterification Reaction." Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/aijst.9.1.13297.

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This research aims to study the first-order kinetics of biodiesel production from used frying oil (UFO) through transesterification with methanol. Used frying oil was collected from fried peddlers around the campus of the University of Lampung. Technical grade methanol and NaOH catalyst were purchased from a local chemical supplier. The experiment was carried out with 100 ml of UFO at various combinations of oil to methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:5, and 1:6), reaction temperatures(30 to 55oC, the ramping temperature of 5o C), and reaction time of 0.25 to 10 minutes. First-order kinetic was employ

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14

Chen, Jin Si, Xian Guo Hu, Xiang Yang Wang, Yu Fu Xu, and En Zhu Hu. "Kinetic Investigations of Biodiesel from Cottonseed Oil and Ethanol by Transesterification in Biomaterial and its Application." Advanced Materials Research 578 (October 2012): 73–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.578.73.

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The kinetics of transesterification for biodiesel produced by cottonseed oil and ethanol in catalyst (potassium hydroxide) was investigated. The reaction of transesterification can be described by pseudo second order model for the initial stages of the reaction, followed by zero order reaction. The reaction rate constants for transestentcation of cottonseed oil with ethanol at 40°C, 60°C and 78°C are 0.0996, 0.1126and0.1286 L•mol-1/min-1 respectively, and the activation energy of transesterification is 21.6075kJ/mol．

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15

Poley, Isabela M., and Leandro S. Oliveira. "CFD Modeling and Simulation of Transesterification Reactions of Vegetable Oils with an Alcohol in Baffled Stirred Tank Reactors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.86.

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Alcohol and triglycerides do not form a single phase mixture and thus there is a poor surface contact between them causing transesterification to proceed relatively slow. Introduction of stirring improves the surface contact and consequently the reaction rates and biodiesel yields. Thus, in industrial processes, transesterification is usually carried out in stirred tank reactors. Investigating how this type of reactor works is necessary for successful design, operation and optimization. Experimental methods for investigating flow-fields and chemical reactions are expensive and time demanding a

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16

Pratigto, Setiarto, and Istadi Istadi. "Kinetics of Transesterification Reaction of Soybean Oil into Biodiesel with CaO Catalyst." Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi 22, no. 5 (2019): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jksa.22.5.213-219.

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The use of biodiesel is expected to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In this study, the kinetic reaction of transesterification of soybean oil with methanol will be assessed using heterogeneous CaO solid base catalyst with parameters of mole ratio of reactants to the conversion of methyl ester used to determine the reaction velocity equation. The reaction speed equation is used in the design of a fluidized CSTR (Continues Tank Reactor) reactor to obtain the reactor volume and catalyst weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the form of the velocity reaction equation for soybean an

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17

Liu, Hui Lin, Shao Liu, Xin Rong Dong, and Da Ping Xie. "Study on Reaction Kinetics of Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Vanillyl Nonanoate in Acetone Media." Advanced Materials Research 233-235 (May 2011): 2660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.233-235.2660.

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The reaction kinetics for synthesis of vanillyl nonanoate (VN) by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of vanillyl alcohol and methyl nonanoate in acetone was investigated in this study. The reaction catalyzed by lipase was carried out as follows: A reaction mixture containing given concentration of substrates (1ml) and lipase Novozyme 435 (20mg) in acetone (1ml) was shaken at 30°C for 10min. The initial velocity of the reaction was calculated according to the concentration of VN detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the kinetic equation was obtained by analysis of the

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18

Elizabeth Grant, Georgene, and Veera Gnaneswar Gude. "Kinetics of ultrasonic transesterification of waste cooking oil." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 33, no. 3 (2013): 1051–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.11863.

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19

Khan, M. Niyaz. "Kinetics and mechanism of transesterification of phenyl salicylate." International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 19, no. 8 (1987): 757–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550190808.

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20

Moresoli, Christine, Erwin Flaschel, and Albert Renken. "The kinetics of transesterification of phenylalanine by chymotrypsin." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 13, no. 6 (1991): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(91)90032-6.

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21

Cho, Impyo, Jinhong Lee, Sanhwan Jo, Minjung Cho, Myungwan Han, and Kyungsuk Kang. "Transesterification Kinetics of Dimethyl Terephthalate with 1,4-Butanediol." Korean Chemical Engineering Research 51, no. 1 (2013): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9713/kcer.2013.51.1.58.

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22

Galván Muciño, Gabriel E., Rubi Romero, Armando Ramírez, María Jesús Ramos, Ramiro Baeza-Jiménez, and Reyna Natividad. "Kinetics of Transesterification of Safflower Oil to Obtain Biodiesel Using Heterogeneous Catalysis." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 14, no. 4 (2016): 929–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2015-0108.

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Abstract The kinetics of the transesterification of safflower oil and methanol catalyzed by K2O/NaX was studied and modeled. The influence of the oil-methanol initial molar ratio and amount of catalyst were investigated to achieve a maximum triglycerides conversion (99 %) and a final methyl esters content of 94 % ±1. A kinetic model based on an Eley–Rideal mechanism was found to best fit the experimental data when assuming methanol adsorption as determining step. Other models derived from Langmuir – Hinshelwood – Hougen –Watson (LHHW) mechanisms were rejected based on statistical analysis, mec

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23

Widianto, Tri Nugroho, and Bagus Sediadi Bandol Utomo. "Utilization of fish oil for biodiesel production." Squalen Bulletin of Marine and Fisheries Postharvest and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (2010): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/squalen.v5i1.42.

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Recenty fossil fuel consumption gradually increases, resulting in decreases of its naturalresource and causing environmental problems such as air pollution and global warming.Attempts to overcome the problems have been made to create on alternative energy such asbiodiesel from jatropha, microalgae and fish oil. Biodiesel production, as matter of fact, can beconducted using industrial wastes of fish meal, fish fillets and fish canning by transesterification offish oil using methanol and alkaline catalyst. Transesterification reaction kinetics must beconsidered for an efficient process. Transest

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24

Chaudhary, Payal, Brajesh Kumar, Surendra Kumar, and V. K. Gupta. "Transesterification of Castor Oil with Methanol – Kinetic Modelling." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 10, no. 2 (2015): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2014-0032.

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Abstract In this research work, transesterification of castor oil with methanol and sulphuric acid catalyst has been carried out in a lab reactor of capacity 500 mL at various operating conditions (reaction temperature=35–65°C, pressure=1 atm, methanol/oil ratio=6:1 and 600 rpm). The effect of reaction temperature is considered, followed by the determination of kinetics of the production of biodiesel. Experimental results have been analysed with respect to three types of reaction kinetics, namely first-order irreversible reaction, second-order irreversible reaction and reversible reaction. For

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25

Rizka, Amalia, Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih, Broto RTD Wisnu, Endy Yulianto Mohamad, Rama Devara Hafizh, and Yunita Indah Sari Dwi. "Kinetics Of The Enzymatic Transesterification Of Tuna Oil Catalyzed By Immobilized Candida Rugose Lipase To Produce Structured Lipid High In Omega-3 Fatty Acids." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187306008.

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Structured lipid containing Medium Chain of Fatty Acid (MCFA) at outer position and Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) at sn-2 position has nutritional value and excellent absorption. In this research, structured lipids was synthesized directly through enzymatic acidolysis between fish oil and lauric acid and catalyzed by specific lipase from immobilized 1.3 Candida rugose. The kinetics of enzymatic transesterification reactions catalyzed by immobilized Candida rugose was studied. To obtain the optimal condition, the factor substrate ratio of fish oil : lauric acid and reaction time were inve

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26

Alvarez Serafini, Mariana Soledad, and Gabriela Marta Tonetto. "Synthesis of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters from Pomace Oil Catalyzed by Zinc Stearate: A Kinetic Study of the Transesterification and Esterification Reactions." Catalysts 9, no. 12 (2019): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9120978.

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In this work, the simultaneous transesterification and esterification reactions of olive pomace oil with methanol catalyzed by zinc stearate were studied. This catalyst is a crystalline solid at room temperature, but it is soluble in the reaction medium at reaction temperature. Zinc stearate has surfactant properties that cause the formation of an emulsion in the reaction system. The stability of the emulsion formed in the oil–methanol–catalyst system was compared to that in the FAME (fatty acid methyl esters)–methanol–catalyst system. It was observed that the emulsion formed in the presence o

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27

Rasyid, Harun Al, and Rahmad Nasir. "Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa L) Pada Proses Produksi Metil Ester." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 15, no. 1 (2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v15i1.1430.

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Study on the kinetics of the transesterification reaction of ketapang seeds oil (Terminalia catappa l) of methyl ester production processusing sokletation extraction have been carried out. The ketapang seeds oil had been dissolved and then the several gram of sample were solektated using petroleum benzene solvent. Extraction followed by distillation to obtain pure ketapang oil.The catalyst used in the manufacture of biodiesel is the KOH with catalyst concentration 0.5% b/b KOH / ketapang seed oil.The solvent used was methanol with molar ratio of ketapang seed oil was 6:1.The kinetics of the tr

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28

Molodtsova, T. A., E. V. Boldyreva, and V. A. Klushin. "Synthesis of Poly(Ethylene 2,5-Furanoate): I. Kinetics of 2,5-Dimethyl Ester of Furandicarboxylic Acid Transesterification." Materials Science Forum 992 (May 2020): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.992.311.

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The kinetics of the 2,5-dimethyl ester of furandicarboxylic acid transesterification in the presence of various catalysts at different temperatures was investigated. It was shown that the catalytic activity follows the order: Mn (OAc)2 < Co (OAc)2 < Zn (OAc)2 < Ti (OBu)4. The transesterification catalyzed by Ti (OBu)4 leads to the formation of the polymers with the higher molecular weight compared to Me (OAc)2.

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29

Al-Sakkari, E. G., S. T. El-Sheltawy, A. Soliman, and I. Ismail. "Transesterification of Low FFA Waste Vegetable Oil using Homogeneous Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production: Optimization, Kinetics and Product Stability." Journal of Advanced Chemical Sciences 4, no. 3 (2018): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30799/jacs.195.18040305.

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The most common method of biodiesel production is base catalyzed transesterification where alkaline materials, such as potassium hydroxide, are used as a catalyst. This paper presents a study of factors affecting biodiesel production from low free fatty acids (FFA) content waste vegetable oil through base catalyzed transesterification as well as the optimum reaction conditions. The optimum conditions were found to be a time of 60 min, catalyst loading of 1% of oil mass, mixing speed of 400 rpm and temperature of 65 °C. It also introduces a kinetic study of this reaction to determine the best m

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30

Sanjel, Nawaraj, Jae Gu, and Sea Oh. "Transesterification Kinetics of Waste Vegetable Oil in Supercritical Alcohols." Energies 7, no. 4 (2014): 2095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en7042095.

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31

Cao, Peigang, André Y. Tremblay, and Marc A. Dubé. "Kinetics of Canola Oil Transesterification in a Membrane Reactor." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 48, no. 5 (2009): 2533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie8009796.

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32

Choi, Cheong-Song, Jin-Woo Kim, Cheol-Jin Jeong, Huiyong Kim, and Ki-Pung Yoo. "Transesterification kinetics of palm olein oil using supercritical methanol." Journal of Supercritical Fluids 58, no. 3 (2011): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2011.06.015.

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33

Jain, Siddharth, M. P. Sharma, and Shalini Rajvanshi. "Acid base catalyzed transesterification kinetics of waste cooking oil." Fuel Processing Technology 92, no. 1 (2011): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.08.017.

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34

Diasakou, M., A. Louloudi, and N. Papayannakos. "Kinetics of the non-catalytic transesterification of soybean oil." Fuel 77, no. 12 (1998): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(98)00025-8.

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35

Datye, Keshav V., and Hemant M. Raje. "Kinetics of transesterification of dimethylene terephthalate with ethylene glycol." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30, no. 1 (1985): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300117.

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36

Darnoko, D., and Munir Cheryan. "Kinetics of palm oil transesterification in a batch reactor." Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society 77, no. 12 (2000): 1263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0198-y.

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37

Husár, Jakub, Jiří Pecha, Lubomír Šánek, and Karel Kolomaznik. "Modelling of the kinetics of transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with different reactant dosing procedures." MATEC Web of Conferences 292 (2019): 01029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929201029.

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Transesterification of triglycerides is a common method in the production of biodiesel, specifically methyl esters of fatty acids. In this work, the transesterification kinetics was studied for an unusual dosing procedure taking into account the side reaction - hydrolysis. This unwanted side reaction, called saponification, causes the deactivation of the used catalyst and decreases the purity of biodiesel, the main product of transesterification. For these reasons, a model of methanolysis has been designed and clarified considering both the main and side reactions with various dosing of raw ma

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38

Alcantara, A., F. J. Lopez-Gimenez, and M. P. Dorado. "Universal Kinetic Model to Simulate Two-Step Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oil." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112994.

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To date, to simulate biodiesel production, kinetic models from different authors have been provided, each one usually applied to the use of a specific vegetable oil and experimental conditions. Models, which may include esterification, besides transesterification simulation, were validated with their own experimental conditions and raw material. Moreover, information about the intermediate reaction steps, besides catalyst concentration variation, is either rare or nonexistent. Here, in this work, a universal mathematical model comprising the chemical kinetics of a two-step (esterification and

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39

Kuang, Xiao, Qian Shi, Yunying Zhou, Zeang Zhao, Tiejun Wang, and H. Jerry Qi. "Dissolution of epoxy thermosets via mild alcoholysis: the mechanism and kinetics study." RSC Advances 8, no. 3 (2018): 1493–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12787a.

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40

Pratigto, Setiarto, Istadi Istadi, and Dyah Hesti Wardhani. "Karakterisasi Katalis CaO dan Uji Aktivitas pada Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kedelai." METANA 15, no. 2 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/metana.v15i2.25106.

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Penelitian ini akan mengkaji kinetika reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dengan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO dengan parameter rasio mol reaktan terhadap konversi metil ester yang digunakan untuk menentukan persamaan kecepatan reaksi. Katalis CaO digunakan untuk reaksi transesterifikasi karena memiliki kekuatan basa yang tinggi, ramah lingkungan, kelarutan yang rendah dalam metanol. Kinetika reaksi untuk reaktor batch dihitung saat reaksi berlangsung berdasarkan rejim surface area limited yang menentukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk persamaan kecepatan reaksi transeste

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41

Xin, Jia-ying, Li-rui Sun, Shu-ming Chen, Yan Wang, and Chun-gu Xia. "Synthesis of L-Ascorbyl Flurbiprofenate by Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5751262.

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The synthesis of L-ascorbyl flurbiprofenate was achieved by esterification and transesterification in nonaqueous organic medium with Novozym 435 lipase as biocatalyst. The conversion was greatly influenced by the kinds of organic solvents, speed of agitation, catalyst loading amount, reaction time, and molar ratio of acyl donor to L-ascorbic acid. A series of solvents were investigated, and tert-butanol was found to be the most suitable from the standpoint of the substrate solubility and the conversion for both the esterification and transesterification. When flurbiprofen was used as acyl dono

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42

Sivapirakasham, S. P., A. Afsal Khan, Mane G. Yogesh, and R. Anand. "Microcalorimetry and Kinetics of Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1647.

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Now a day biodiesel becomes best alternative for diesel fuel. Thermogravimetry technique has great acceptance in the field of fossil fuel. The thermal and kinetics properties of diesel and Jatropha biodiesel are analyzed by using popular technique of thermogravimetry. The aim is to study the behavior of diesel, biodiesel and their blends in Nitrogen gas atmosphere at the heating rate of 5K/min, 10K/min and 15K/min from 30°C to 600°C. From study it is found that as heating rate increases peak is shifting toward higher value which shows that there is less uniform heating. The study clearly shows

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43

NAYAK, SHEETAL N., MILAP G. NAYAK, and CHANDRAKANT P. BHASIN. "Microwave-Assisted Transesterification of Kusum Oil: Parametric, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies." Asian Journal of Chemistry 32, no. 11 (2020): 2893–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2020.22890.

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Microwave-assisted transesterification of non-edible oil to produce biodiesel is gaining attention due to lower heat loss as well as rapid conversion. In this study, esterified kusum oil as a feedstock was transesterified in the presence of Ba(OH)2. At 800 W microwave power and constant magnetic stirring the effect of important process parameters such as solvent methanol molar ratio, Ba(OH)2, temperature, and time on biodiesel yield were evaluated. The parametric study suggested that 9:1 M methanol, 65 ºC reaction temperature, 2.5 wt% Ba(OH)2 catalyst and 3.5 min of transesterification time ga

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44

BEDNARZ, ZENON, and ZYGMUNT LASOCKI. "Studies on rates and equilibria of transesterification of alkoxysilanes. Part I. Kinetics of transesterification of n-amyloxytrimethylsilane." Polimery 30, no. 06 (1985): 228–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14314/polimery.1985.228.

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45

Haryanto, Agus, Ovita Yozana, and Sugeng Triyono. "Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil through Base Transesterification." Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian 5, no. 3 (2017): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.19028/jtep.05.3.261-266.

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46

Pratap, SR, SZM Shamshuddin, N. Thimmaraju, M. Shyamsundar, and SS Reena. "Kinetics of transesterification of Madhuca Indica oil over modified zeolites: biodiesel synthesis." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 50, no. 4 (2015): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v50i4.25836.

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In this article production of biodiesel from Madhuca indica oil (MI-oil) containing high % of free fatty acids (FFA) by transesterification process with methanol over basic zeolites such as NaY loaded with 5-25% KOH is presented. The zeolites were characterized by PXRD, BET and CO2-TPD methods prior to their catalytic activity studies. Optimization of reaction conditions for transesterification was conducted in order to get highest possible yield of biodiesel. 1HNMR and FTIR analysis confirms the conversion of MI-oil to biodiesel. The physico-chemical properties of MI-biodiesel were found to b

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Jung, Ju Yeon, Ji Mok Lee, Sung Kwon Hong, Jin Kuk Lee, Hyun Min Jung, and Yong Seok Kim. "Catalyzed Transesterification Kinetics in Early Stage of Polycarbonate Melt Polymerization." Polymer Korea 39, no. 2 (2015): 235–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7317/pk.2015.39.2.235.

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Jain, Siddharth, and M. P. Sharma. "Kinetics of acid base catalyzed transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil." Bioresource Technology 101, no. 20 (2010): 7701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.05.034.

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Stier, U., F. Gähr, and W. Oppermann. "Kinetics of transesterification of dimethyl 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate with 1,3-propanediol." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 80, no. 11 (2001): 2039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1302.

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Kafuku, Gerald, Keat Teong Lee, and Makame Mbarawa. "Non-Catalytic and Catalytic Transesterification: A Reaction Kinetics Comparison Study." International Journal of Green Energy 12, no. 5 (2014): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.834820.

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