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Journal articles on the topic 'Transesterification processes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Ruiz-Domínguez, Mari Carmen, Constanza Toledo, Daniel Órdenes, et al. "Variability of Omega-3/6 Fatty Acid Obtained Through Extraction-Transesterification Processes from Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Acta Chimica Slovenica 68, no. 3 (2021): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17344/acsi.2020.6621.

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The effect of direct transesterification methods on the omega-3/6 composition of extracts from Phaeodactylum tricornutum was studied. The aim of this work was to identify an extraction method which allowed to obtain the most suitable profile of fatty acids in terms of its potential benefits to health, particularly if further used in the food industry. Seven methods using acids, alkalis, and heterogeneous-catalysts, (namely methods from 1 to 7, abbreviated as M1-M7) were performed to determine α-linolenic (ALA), linoleic (LA), docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acids. The composit

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2

Ejikeme, P. M., I. D. Anyaogu, C. L. Ejikeme, et al. "Catalysis in Biodiesel Production by Transesterification Processes-An Insight." E-Journal of Chemistry 7, no. 4 (2010): 1120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/689051.

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Biodiesel is the mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from renewable lipid feedstock, such as vegetable oils and animal fats, for use in compression ignition (diesel) engines. The conversion of component triglycerides in oils to simple alkyl esters with short chain alcohols like methanol and ethanol amongst others is achieved mainly by transesterification. The transesterification reaction, a reversible process proceeds appreciably by the addition of catalysts, which can be acidic, basic or organic in nature, usually in molar excess of alcohol. The economy of the process depends

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3

Wicakso, Doni Rahmat, Anniy Nurin Najma, and Diah Ayu Retnowati. "CRUDE BIODIESEL SYNTHESIS FROM RUBBER SEED OIL." Konversi 7, no. 1 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/k.v7i1.4872.

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Abstract-Biodiesel is a diesel engine fuel made from oil containing triglycerides as well as rubber seed oil. This research aims to study how the extraction process of rubber seed oil, to know the effect of crude biodiesel manufacturing process by transesterification and esterification-transesterification and the addition of different catalysts on the transesterification process of crude biodiesel produced. Esterification process use H2SO4 catalyst and transesterification process use KOH and NaOH catalyst. The process of making crude biodiesel done by transesterification and can also by the me

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4

Rachmanto, Tri, David Allanson, Christian Matthews, and Ian Jenkinson. "Measuring Mass Transfer on Biodiesel Process by Means of Impedance Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 391 (September 2013): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.391.467.

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Transesterification is commonly used to produce biodiesel from methylester. In order to control the conversion process is useful to employ process monitoring, in particular monitoring of the mass transfer processes that limits the initial rates of transesterification. Monitoring of these initial stages of the reaction may allow for process optimization. Many methods have been identified to monitor reaction progress. This paper proposes a method to monitor the initial stages of the biodiesel production process using impedance measurement. The impedance measurements presented show the expected s

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5

Shi, Hong Yan, Ming Zhe Yuan, and Tian Ran Wang. "Design of Biodiesel Production Processes by Base-Catalyzed Transesterification." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.510.

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A lot of efforts have been carried out to develop an alternative fuel for the current energy and environment questions. Biodiesel which is synthesized by transesterification of plant oils and animal fat is a real alternative fuel for its renewable and lower emissions. Currently, biodiesel production by the base-catalyzed transesterification of the vegetable oil and methanol is widely utilized in the world. This paper studies the design of biodiesel production with the glycerol phase separation processes, through installing a decanter between reactors and adding methanol and NaOH batch optimiza

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6

Chen, Ching-Lung, Chien-Chang Huang, Kao-Chia Ho, Ping-Xuan Hsiao, Meng-Shan Wu, and Jo-Shu Chang. "Biodiesel production from wet microalgae feedstock using sequential wet extraction/transesterification and direct transesterification processes." Bioresource Technology 194 (October 2015): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.021.

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7

Oltiev, Azim, Nargiza Majidova, Kakhramon Majidov, and Kuvondik Maxmudov. "Research of technology for tranesterification of oils and fats on efficient catalysts." E3S Web of Conferences 548 (2024): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454803013.

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The state and prospects for the development of technology for transesterification catalysts are analyzed. The technological processes of transesterification of vegetable oils and solid fats using new modifications of effective catalysts have been studied. The main changes in triglycerides in intra- and intermolecular transesterification technology have been established. The optimal technology modes have been determined to ensure the production of edible fats with the desired properties. Intra- and intermolecular transesterification of oils and fats was carried out using a standard installation

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8

Bi, Yong Guang, and Shan Shan Wu. "Orthogonal Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Ionic Liquid Transesterification of Corn Oil Biodiesel." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.196.

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In order to optimize the ultrasound-assisted corn oil biodiesel transesterification process conditions, factors four through five levels of orthogonal test to optimize their processes, the findings indicate that ultrasound-assisted transesterification of corn oil biodiesel optimum conditions : 1:11 molar ratio of methanol to oil, corn oil catalyst was 11%, the reaction temperature is 90 °C, reaction time was 50min, ultrasonic power 360W, under these conditions, the measured ratio of the average of the transesterification 91.85 %. Relative to conventional preparation methods, the method is simp

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9

Jiang, Lu, Sing Shy Liow, and Xian Jun Loh. "Synthesis of a new poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) RAFT agent." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 9 (2016): 1693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01812a.

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Biodegradable, sustainable and biocompatible natural poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has been modified by 1-hexanol through transesterification to form a mono-hydroxylated PHB, which reacted with thiocarbonylthio compound to generate macro mono-hydroxylated PHB chain transfer agent (CTA) for RAFT polymerization with DMAEMA monomer. Kinetic processes of transesterification reaction and RAFT polymerization were carefully investigated.

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10

Wang, Dong, Feng Shi, and Guochao Yang. "Diphenyl Carbonate: Recent Progress on Its Catalytic Synthesis by Transesterification." Catalysts 14, no. 4 (2024): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14040250.

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Diphenyl carbonate is one of the raw materials used for the synthesis of polycarbonate, and its green and clean production is of great importance to the non-phosgene process for polycarbonate. The production of diphenyl carbonate by transesterification is its representative process route and is considered to be one of the typical examples of a green and sustainable process for chemicals. Since the discovery of the transesterification catalyst for diphenyl carbonate in the 1970s, researchers have been committed to improving its catalytic activity and selectivity and, correspondingly, the reacti

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11

He, Brian, and Jon H. Van Gerpen. "Application of ultrasonication in transesterification processes for biodiesel production." Biofuels 3, no. 4 (2012): 479–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bfs.12.35.

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12

Steinigeweg, Sven, and Jürgen Gmehling. "Transesterification processes by combination of reactive distillation and pervaporation." Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification 43, no. 3 (2004): 447–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0255-2701(03)00129-6.

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13

Korchak, Mykola, Anatolii Shostia, Svitlana Usenko, et al. "Determination of rational parameters of chemical transesterification technology of sunflower oil." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 6 (131) (2024): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.313095.

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The object of the study is the process of chemical transesterification of sunflower oil. Liquid vegetable oils are an important component in the products of chemical, cosmetic, paint, food and other industries. Among other oils, sunflower oil is of exceptional industrial importance. Chemical transesterification technology is used to obtain oils, fats and their mixtures with specified properties required for various industries. An important task is to develop rational conditions for the oil transesterification process using a highly efficient and safe catalyst. The process of chemical transeste

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14

Hazrat, M. A., Mohammad G. Rasul, Mohammad M. K. Khan, et al. "Kinetic Modelling of Esterification and Transesterification Processes for Biodiesel Production Utilising Waste-Based Resource." Catalysts 12, no. 11 (2022): 1472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12111472.

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Process optimisation and reaction kinetic model development were carried out for two-stage esterification-transesterification reactions of waste cooking oil (WCO) biodiesel. This study focused on these traditional processes due to their techno-economic feasibility, which is an important factor before deciding on a type of feedstock for industrialisation. Four-factor and two-level face-centred central composite design (CCD) models were used to optimise the process. The kinetic parameters for the esterification and transesterification processes were determined by considering both pseudo-homogene

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15

Farrag, Nessren M., Mamdouh A. Gadalla, and Mai K. Fouad. "Base-Catalyzed Transesterification vs. Supercritical Methanol Transesterification in the Optimization, Rigorous Model Simulation, and Heat Integration for Biodiesel Production." Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences 49, no. 4 (2022): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.55463/issn.1674-2974.49.4.19.

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Biodiesel production is worthy of continued study and optimization of production procedures due to its environmentally beneficial attributes and renewable nature. This study aims to investigate the optimum conditions and optimum production unit for the production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oil. Two production processes were considered: one using base-catalyzed transesterification, and the second is non-catalytic transesterification (using methanol at very high temperature and pressure). Through optimizing the process variables that affect the yield and purity of biodiesel, optimal trans

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16

Ali Nasr Abdulkareem and Nurul Fitriah Nasir. "Biodiesel Production from Canola Oil Using TiO2CaO as a Heterogenous Catalyst." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 93, no. 2 (2022): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.93.2.125137.

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Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources that is an alternative to fossil diesel that is non-toxic and produces less CO emissions. Transesterification process is a conventional mechanism to produce biodiesel from vegetable oil with a homogeneous or heterogenous catalyst. However, heterogenous catalysts are considered as more efficient than homogenous catalysts. Recently, TiO2/CaO has been used as a compound heterogenous catalyst to produce biodiesel produce from palm oil, waste cooking oils and algae. In this research, biodiesel was manufactured using canola oil as a feedstock and tita

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17

Gaide, Ieva, Violeta Makareviciene, Egle Sendzikiene, and Milda Gumbytė. "Rapeseed Oil Transesterification Using 1-Butanol and Eggshell as a Catalyst." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (2023): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020302.

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Biodiesel can be produced both in homogeneous and heterogeneous ways. Heterogeneous synthesis allows to easily separate catalyst from esters. In this work, eggshells as a heterogeneous catalyst were used for triglyceride transesterification with 1-butanol. Response surface methodology was used for process optimization. It was obtained that eggshells are a suitable catalyst for transesterification processes. A longer process duration and higher catalyst amount have a high influence on ester yield. However, the amount of 1-butanol should not be maximized. Optimum transesterification reaction con

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18

Aishwarya, Sarvade*. "A Review Article of Biodiesel Production." International Journal of Scientific Research and Technology 2, no. 4 (2025): 655–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15296011.

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Biodiesel is a sustainable fuel derived from grease, vegetable oils, or animal fats through processes such as transesterification or esterification. In transesterification, triglycerides are converted into fatty acid alkyl esters with the help of alcohol and a catalyst, resulting in glycerol as a byproduct. With the reduction of petroleum supplies and environmental concerns related to diesel emissions, biodiesel has emerged as a renewable and biodegradable alternative. The predominant method for producing biodiesel involves alkali-catalyzed transesterification using methanol, requiring careful

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19

Sorokina, K. N., Yu V. Samoylova, and V. N. Parmon. "The use of microalgae biomass for the production of marketable products. Part 3. The manufacture of motor fuels from microalgae biomass using catalytic approaches." Kataliz v promyshlennosti 23, no. 3 (2023): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0387-2023-3-52-65.

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The review considers the main approaches to thermochemical and catalytic conversion of microalgae biomass (hydrothermal liquefaction, gasification, transesterification and pyrolysis) for the production of biofuels. Particular attention is paid to the key conditions determining the yield of reaction products with the use of catalysts for the production of bio-oil as well as to the approaches to bio-oil treatment. It is shown that the use of bifunctional acid-base catalysts is most appropriate for transesterification processes. Gasification and pyrolysis processes are applied more rarely because

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20

Nursultan, Orynbayev, Aldabergenov Marat, Zhaхylyk Kemal, and Abdildin Nurlan. "Substantiation of parameters for the inertial mixer in a biodiesel production reactor." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 6 (113) (2021): 39–45. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.243079.

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This paper reports results of the theoretical and experimental studies into the processes of transesterification of oils with methyl alcohol, which determined the material balance and established the molecular weight of the components involved in the process of transesterification as input and output products. The theoretical and experimental studies were carried out to calculate the indicators of the process of transesterification of fat-containing wastes depending on a change in the reaction duration and diameter of the inertial mixer of the reactor to accelerate the process of transesterifi

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21

Cercado, Alberto Paulo, Florencio Jr Ballesteros, and Sergio Capareda. "Biodiesel from Three Microalgae Transesterification Processes using Different Homogenous Catalysts." International Journal of Technology 9, no. 4 (2018): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.14716/ijtech.v9i4.1145.

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22

Oo, Ye Min, Panupong Juera-Ong, Kritsakon Pongraktham, and Krit Somnuk. "Comparative Studies on Methyl Ester Production from Pretreated Sludge Palm Oil Using Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Base Catalysts." Catalysts 14, no. 9 (2024): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal14090647.

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A heterogeneous base catalyst transesterification process with a calcium oxide (CaO) catalyst was performed to produce high-purity methyl ester (ME) from pretreated sludge palm oil (PSPO) derived from sludge palm oil (SPO). Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a homogeneous base catalyst to assess the distinctions between heterogeneous and homogeneous base catalysts. The response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to determine the optimal and recommended conditions for both transesterification processes. For heterogeneous transesterification,

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23

Silitonga, Arridina, Teuku Mahlia, Abd Shamsuddin, et al. "Optimization of Cerbera manghas Biodiesel Production Using Artificial Neural Networks Integrated with Ant Colony Optimization." Energies 12, no. 20 (2019): 3811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203811.

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Optimizing the process parameters of biodiesel production is the key to maximizing biodiesel yields. In this study, artificial neural network models integrated with ant colony optimization were developed to optimize the parameters of the two-step Cerbera manghas biodiesel production process: (1) esterification and (2) transesterification. The parameters of esterification and transesterification processes were optimized to minimize the acid value and maximize the C. manghas biodiesel yield, respectively. There was excellent agreement between the average experimental values and those predicted b

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24

Maruti, Chavan, Sutar Akshay, Bhatkande Rohit, et al. "Experimental Studies on Production of Biodiesel from Thevetia Peruviana Feedstock." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 8, no. 2 (2018): 46–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3361957.

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Biodiesel, an alternative and renewable fuel for diesel engines, consists of alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids, more commonly methyl esters and is typically made from nontoxic, biological resources such as edible and nonedible vegetable oils, animal fats, waste cooking oils etc. by transesterification with methanol. Despite many processes of biodiesel production, transesterification method is successfully employed to reduce the high viscosity of triglycerides and improve other characteristics of biodiesel fuel.In this study the production of biodiesel from Thevetia Peruviana has been carr

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25

Yang, Guoju, and Jihong Yu. "Advancements in Basic Zeolites for Biodiesel Production via Transesterification." Chemistry 5, no. 1 (2023): 438–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry5010032.

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The excessive utilization of petroleum diesel has led to the depletion of fossil resources and severe environmental pollution. Biodiesel produced from renewable triglycerides (TGs) or waste lipids is a low-emission fuel substitute for diesel. Biodiesel is mainly produced by transesterification reactions over homogeneous base catalysts with excellent activity and low cost. In comparison, solid base catalysts are more attractive due to their lower environmental impact and simpler production and purification processes. It remains a challenge to further improve the stability and activity of solid

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26

Triantafyllou, AO, P. Adlercreutz, and B. Mattiasson. "Influence of the reaction medium on enzyme activity in bio‐organic synthesis: behaviour of lipase from Candida rugosa in the presence of polar additives." Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry 17, no. 2 (1993): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-8744.1993.tb00237.x.

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Lipase from Candida rugosa immobilized on Celite was employed as the biocatalyst in order to examine the effect of the reaction medium upon enzymic activity and selectivity. As the model reaction, transesterification between tributyrin and pentan‐2‐ol in iso‐octane (2,2,4‐trimethylpentane) was chosen. A small amount of water (0.05%, v/v) was added to the reaction medium. Enhanced transesterification yields and increased selectivity of the lipase could be obtained by manipulating the microenvironment of the catalyst. Addition of 0.2% NN‐dimethylformamide allowed a 93% higher ester yield compare

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27

Nurul Aina Nasriqah Binti Ma’arof, Noor Hindryawati, Siti Norhafiza Mohd Khazaai, Prakash Bhuyar, Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim, and Gaanty Pragas Maniam. "Biodiesel (Methyl Esters)." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 3, no. 1 (2021): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v3i1.245153.

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Biodiesel, an environmentally friendly biomass-based fuel, is gaining popularity globally as a cost-effective way to meet rising fuel demand. However, the high cost of raw materials and catalysts continues to drive up biodiesel production. An alternative feedstock with a heterogeneously catalyzed reaction could be the most cost-effective way to stabilize industrial biodiesel growth. Understanding these issues led to the idea of using waste palm oil as a feedstock for biodiesel production. While using waste materials as feedstock for biodiesel is an elegant solution, converting high free fatty

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28

Orynbayev, Nursultan, Marat Aldabergenov, Kemal Zhaхylyk, and Nurlan Abdildin. "Substantiation of parameters for the inertial mixer in a biodiesel production reactor." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 5, no. 6 (113) (2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.243079.

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This paper reports results of the theoretical and experimental studies into the processes of transesterification of oils with methyl alcohol, which determined the material balance and established the molecular weight of the components involved in the process of transesterification as input and output products. The theoretical and experimental studies were carried out to calculate the indicators of the process of transesterification of fat-containing wastes depending on a change in the reaction duration and diameter of the inertial mixer of the reactor to accelerate the process of transesterifi

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29

Amelyanti, Esi, Thamrin Usman, and Winda Rahmalia. "Determination of Optimum Conditions for Synthesis of Methyl Ester from Bleached Crude Palm Oil Using Sn-Zeolite and Red Mud Catalysts." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 20, no. 2 (2023): 267–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v20i2.267-279.

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Methyl esters synthesis from bleached crude palm oil (BCPO) containing 0.36 and 20.86% of free fatty acids using Sn-zeolite and red mud has been done. This study aims to determine the esterification, transesterification, and transesterification-esterification simultaneous reactions optimum conditions when using Sn-zeolite, red mud, and Sn-zeolite-red mud mixture catalysts. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared analysis results show that Sn has been impregnated on zeolite, indicated by cassiterite and Sn-O-Sn vibrational peaks in Sn-zeolite. The main component of red mud is NaCO3

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30

Malewska, Elżbieta, Krzysztof Polaczek, and Maria Kurańska. "Impact of Various Catalysts on Transesterification of Used Cooking Oil and Foaming Processes of Polyurethane Systems." Materials 15, no. 21 (2022): 7807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217807.

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The search for new sources of raw materials that can be used in the synthesis of polyurethanes and other polymer groups is extremely important. Currently, according to the principles of green chemistry and a circular economy, waste materials with a high reuse potential are being sought. This article presents a way of obtaining used-cooking-oil-based compounds capable of participating in the reaction of polyurethane creation. The transesterification reaction can be carried out using a variety of homo- and heterogeneous acid or base catalysts. Here, we looked at the impact of selected catalysts

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31

Lee, Adam F., James A. Bennett, Jinesh C. Manayil, and Karen Wilson. "Heterogeneous catalysis for sustainable biodiesel productionviaesterification and transesterification." Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, no. 22 (2014): 7887–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00189c.

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Low temperature catalytic conversion of triglycerides and fatty acids sourced from renewable feedstocks represents a key enabling technology for the sustainable production of biodiesel through energy efficient, intensified processes.

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Ideris, Fazril, Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri, Abd Halim Shamsuddin, et al. "Progress on Conventional and Advanced Techniques of In Situ Transesterification of Microalgae Lipids for Biodiesel Production." Energies 15, no. 19 (2022): 7190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15197190.

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Global warming and the depletion of fossil fuels have spurred many efforts in the quest for finding renewable, alternative sources of fuels, such as biodiesel. Due to its auxiliary functions in areas such as carbon dioxide sequestration and wastewater treatment, the potential of microalgae as a feedstock for biodiesel production has attracted a lot of attention from researchers all over the world. Major improvements have been made from the upstream to the downstream aspects related to microalgae processing. One of the main concerns is the high cost associated with the production of biodiesel f

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Răducanu, Cristian Eugen, Tănase Dobre, Dan Eduard Mihăiescu, et al. "Synthesis of Guanidine and Its Deposition on Bacterial Cellulose as Green Heterogeneous Catalyst for Transesterification to Methyl Esters." Energies 17, no. 6 (2024): 1344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17061344.

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Green catalysts used in the transesterification reaction of biodiesel must have biodegradability and non-toxicity as their main characteristics, being thus friendly to the environment, since they perform in processes in which the content of CO2, which is increasing from year to year, should be reduced. As a consequence, their manufacture can be extremely rigorous. This work presents the two-step construction, synthesis, and deposition of such a green heterogeneous catalyst and its testing in the catalysis of the transesterification of triglycerides with methanol, resulting in methyl esters. A

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34

Sile, Elina, Valdis Kampars, and Zane Sustere. "Competitive Interesterification-Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methyl Acetate in Presence of Potassium Metoxide Solutions." Key Engineering Materials 762 (February 2018): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.762.158.

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Two catalytic systems (CH3OK/CH3OH and CH3OK/tert-BuOH) were tested to estimate competitive interesterification-transesterification processes of rapeseed oil with methyl acetate. Catalyst completely dissolves in methanol, while in tert-butanol suspension was obtained. With CH3OK/CH3OH catalytic system high FAME content was obtained (86 wt%), but triacetin content was negligible and without FAME mostly transesterification products of oil and triacetin were observed (up to 94 wt% of all products). When CH3OK/tert-BuOH catalytic system was used, only interesterification of oil proceeded, neverthe

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35

Nurhayati, Nurhayati, Sofia Anita, Tengku Ariful Amri, and Amilia Linggawati. "Esterification of Crude Palm Oil Using H₂SO₄ and Transesterification Using CaO Catalyst Derived from Anadara granosa." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 17, no. 2 (2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.24909.

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In this study biodiesel was produced from crude palm oil through two-step processes, namely esterification reactions using homogeneous H2SO4 catalyst and transesterification using the heterogeneous base CaO catalyst derived from Anadara granosa shell. Several parameters affecting to the yields of biodiesel were investigated including the amount of the catalysts, the molar ratios of oil to methanol, reaction times and reaction temperatures. The CaO catalyst was prepared by calcining the A. granosa shells at the temperatures of 800 and 900 °C for 10 h. The as-synthesized biodiesel was analyzed u

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36

Appiah, Godfred, Samuel Kofi Tulashie, Ephraim Edem Amoah Akpari, Eldon R. Rene, and Daniel Dodoo. "Biolubricant production via esterification and transesterification processes: Current updates and perspectives." International Journal of Energy Research 46, no. 4 (2021): 3860–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.7453.

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37

Sudha, G. S., Hemjyoti Kalita, Smita Mohanty, and Sanjay Kumar Nayak. "Castor oil modified by epoxidation, transesterification, and acrylation processes: Spectroscopic characteristics." International Journal of Polymer Analysis and Characterization 22, no. 6 (2017): 519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1023666x.2017.1334171.

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38

Saavalainen, Paula, Satish Kabra, Esa Turpeinen, et al. "Sustainability Assessment of Chemical Processes: Evaluation of Three Synthesis Routes of DMC." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/402315.

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This paper suggested multicriteria based evaluation tool to assess the sustainability of three different reaction routes to dimethyl carbonate: direct synthesis from carbon dioxide and methanol, transesterification of methanol and propylene carbonate, and oxidative carbonylation of methanol. The first two routes are CO2-based and in a research and development phase, whereas the last one is a commercial process. The set of environmental, social, and economic indicators selected were renewability of feedstock, energy intensity, waste generation, CO2balance, yield, feedstock price, process costs,

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Basir, Nor Irwin, Zainal Ahmad, Lee Keat Teong, Nisha Navainthran, Farzad Ismail, and Dipesh S. Patle. "Enhanced Mixing Towards the Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters by In Situ Transesterification of Eucheuma Cottonii: Experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 20, no. 1 (2024): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v20n1.2894.

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Biodiesel is one of the alternative replacements for the conventional fossil fuel-based diesel as the demand for energy is increasing with the increasing world population. The production of biodiesel (also known as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME)) from macroalgae (E. cottonii) is the focus in this study. Conventionally, production of FAME from macroalgae will be carried out through the two-step transesterification processes, which consists of extraction of algal oil (lipids and free fatty acids) and subsequent transesterification step. However, the two-step transesterification method is time a

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Poley, Isabela M., and Leandro S. Oliveira. "CFD Modeling and Simulation of Transesterification Reactions of Vegetable Oils with an Alcohol in Baffled Stirred Tank Reactors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 390 (August 2013): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.86.

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Alcohol and triglycerides do not form a single phase mixture and thus there is a poor surface contact between them causing transesterification to proceed relatively slow. Introduction of stirring improves the surface contact and consequently the reaction rates and biodiesel yields. Thus, in industrial processes, transesterification is usually carried out in stirred tank reactors. Investigating how this type of reactor works is necessary for successful design, operation and optimization. Experimental methods for investigating flow-fields and chemical reactions are expensive and time demanding a

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Zhu, Xiaochan, Hui Liu, and Dejan Skala. "Manganese carbonate-zinc glycerolate, synthesis, characterization and application as catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 22, no. 4 (2016): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160227008z.

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In this study, mixed system containing manganese carbonate (MnCO3) and zinc glycerolate (ZnGly) was synthesized, and tested as solid catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil and biodiesel production. The samples of MnCO3/ZnGly before and after usage for transesterification process were characterized using different techniques: determination of basic strength, determination of specific surface area according to Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), measuring the mass change using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), investigating the solid phase content and presence of different specific elements

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Osorio-González, Carlos S., Natali Gómez-Falcon, Fabiola Sandoval-Salas, Rahul Saini, Satinder K. Brar, and Antonio Avalos Ramírez. "Production of Biodiesel from Castor Oil: A Review." Energies 13, no. 10 (2020): 2467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102467.

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An attractive alternative to the use of fossil fuels is biodiesel, which can be obtained from a variety of feedstock through different transesterification systems such as ultrasound, microwave, biological, chemical, among others. The efficient and cost-effective biodiesel production depends on several parameters such as free fatty acid content in the feedstock, transesterification reaction efficiency, alcohol:oil ratio, catalysts type, and several parameters during the production process. However, biodiesel production from vegetable oils is under development, causing the final price of biodies

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Taga (Sapunaru), Olga Valerica, Claudia Irina Koncsag, Cosmin Jinescu, and Alina Monica Mares. "Simulation and Optimization of Isopropyl Lactate Manufacturing Process." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 9 (2019): 3335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.9.7544.

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The new chemical processes are investigated in laboratory, usually in batch, with pure reactants, and specific laboratory methods applied for the purification of the products. Scaling-up processes means passing from batch to continuous process, using feed with impurificators, industrial equipment for separation and recirculation or purge for an economic operation with special care for safety and environment. This is why, following a study in laboratory for isopropyl lactate obtaining by transesterification in reactive distillation system, a flowsheet of the industrial process was proposed in t

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Ferreira, Arthur Batista, Abiney Lemos Cardoso, and Márcio José da Silva. "Tin-Catalyzed Esterification and Transesterification Reactions: A Review." ISRN Renewable Energy 2012 (November 21, 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/142857.

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The recent increase in the world biofuels demand, along with the need to reduce costs while improving the environmental sustainability of the biodiesel production, have led to the search for catalysts that should be economically viable, efficient, and environmentally friendly. This paper reviews recent research and development of organic and inorganic tin catalysts; focusing on kinetic properties and catalytic activity in two key reactions for biodiesel production: free fatty acids (FFA) esterification and triglycerides (TG) transesterification. First the basic knowledge of homogeneous tin cat

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Okewale, A. D., Millionaire Freeborn Nestor Abowei, F. O. Agbogun, and C. N. Owabor. "Simplified Rate Expression for Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) and Methanol Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 5 (2020): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.5.1901.

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The need for the development of simplified kinetics rates expression (-RA) for Vegetable Oils Alkali catalyzed Transesterification processes to enhance biodiesel production motivated this study. The study, therefore aimed at proposing unified simple rate expression that may be a useful prelude to design various reactor types for Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) and Methanol reactions. The kinetics rate expression is proposed using simple explicit algebraic technique with the consideration that alkali catalyzed transesterification reaction of palm kernel oil and met

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Encinar, José María, Juan Félix González, Gloria Martínez, and Sergio Nogales-Delgado. "Transesterification of Soybean Oil through Different Homogeneous Catalysts: Kinetic Study." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020146.

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The search for alternatives to fossil fuels has been widely covered, especially in the past two decades. Thus, the role of biodiesel has been important, and its implementation in biorefineries seems feasible due to the sustainability of the process. This way, the knowledge of kinetics is vital to design industrial facilities and to compare the efficiency of catalysts (both typical and innovative ones) during transesterification or other similar processes taking place in a biorefinery, such as biolubricant production through transesterification with superior alcohols. In this work, a thorough k

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Okewale, A. D., Millionaire Freeborn Nestor Abowei, F. O. Agbogun, and C. N. Owabor. "Simplified Rate Expression for Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) and Methanol Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification Reaction." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 5 (2020): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.5.1901.

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The need for the development of simplified kinetics rates expression (-RA) for Vegetable Oils Alkali catalyzed Transesterification processes to enhance biodiesel production motivated this study. The study, therefore aimed at proposing unified simple rate expression that may be a useful prelude to design various reactor types for Alkali Catalyzed Transesterification of palm kernel oil (PKO) and Methanol reactions. The kinetics rate expression is proposed using simple explicit algebraic technique with the consideration that alkali catalyzed transesterification reaction of palm kernel oil and met

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Kelaiya, S. V., P. M. Chauhan, and S. H. Akbari. "Fuel Property of Biodiesel Made from Microalgae (Chlorella Sp.)." Current World Environment 10, no. 3 (2015): 912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.10.3.21.

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Microalgae chlorella is an organism capable of photosynthesis that is less than 2mm in diameter. The biodiesel extracted from algae using chloroform/methanol extraction solvent system then undergone three different transesterification processes based on three different catalysts viz. Alkali catalyst, Acid catalyst and Enzymatic catalyst with two temperature (50°C and 60 °C) and with 1:5 methanol to bio-oil ratio. After transesterification using different catalysts, the fuel properties were measured. All the properties were compared with standard value of ASTM D 6751 standards. Alkali catalyst

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Pranyoto, Nugroho, Yuni Dewi Susanti, Immanuel Joseph Ondang, et al. "Facile Synthesis of Silane-Modified Mixed Metal Oxide as Catalyst in Transesterification Processes." Nanomaterials 12, no. 2 (2022): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12020245.

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The fast depletion of fossil fuels has attracted researchers worldwide to explore alternative biofuels, such as biodiesel. In general, the production of biodiesel is carried out via transesterification processes of vegetable oil with the presence of a suitable catalyst. A mixed metal oxide has shown to be a very attractive heterogeneous catalyst with a high performance. Most of the mixed metal oxide is made by using the general wetness impregnation method. A simple route to synthesize silane-modified mixed metal oxide (CaO-CuO/C6) catalysts has been successfully developed. A fluorocarbon surfa

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CHEN, Wen, Cun-wen WANG, Shao-wen LIU, Yuan-xin WU, and Zheng-jiao TANG. "Reaction processes and mechanism of supercritical transesterification in situ ATR infrared spectrum." Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 39, no. 11 (2011): 817–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-5813(11)60047-9.

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