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Journal articles on the topic 'Transfer Matrix Method (TMM)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

He, Bin, Xiaoting Rui, and Huiling Zhang. "Transfer Matrix Method for Natural Vibration Analysis of Tree System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/393204.

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The application of Transfer matrix method (TMM) ranges from linear/nonlinear vibration, composite structure, and multibody system to calculating static deformation, natural vibration, dynamical response, and damage identification. Generally TMM has two characteristics: (1) the TMM formulae share similarity to the chain mechanics model in terms of topology structure; then TMM often is selected as a powerful tool to analyze the chain system. (2) TMM is adopted to deal with the problems of the discrete system, continuous system, and especial discrete/continuous coupling system with the uniform matrix form. In this investigation, a novel TMM is proposed to analyze the natural vibration of the tree system. In order to make the TMM of the tree system have the two above advantages of the TMM of the chain system, the suitable state vectors and transfer matrices of the typical components of the tree system are constructed. Then the topology comparability between the mechanics model and its corresponding formulae of TMM can be adopted to assembling the transfer matrices and transfer equations of the global tree system. Two examples of natural vibration problems validating the method are given. The formulation of the proposed TMM is mathematically intuitive and can be held and applied by the engineers easily.
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2

Mohammed, Zahraa Hummam. "The Fresnel Coefficient of Thin Film Multilayer Using Transfer Matrix Method TMM." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 518 (June 5, 2019): 032026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/518/3/032026.

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3

Ding, Jianguo, Wei Zhuang, and Pingxin Wang. "Study on the Seismic Response of a Portal Frame Structure Based on the Transfer Matrix Method of Multibody System." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 614208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/614208.

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Portal frame structures are widely used in industrial building design but unfortunately are often damaged during an earthquake. As a result, a study on the seismic response of this type of structure is important to both human safety and future building designs. Traditionally, finite element methods such as the ANSYS and MIDAS have been used as the primary methods of computing the response of such a structure during an earthquake; however, these methods yield low calculation efficiencies. In this paper, the mechanical model of a single-story portal frame structure with two spans is constructed based on the transfer matrix method of multibody system (MS-TMM); both the transfer matrix of the components in the model and the total transfer matrix equation of the structure are derived, and the corresponding MATLAB program is compiled to determine the natural period and seismic response of the structure. The results show that the results based on the MS-TMM are similar to those obtained by ANSYS, but the calculation time of the MS-TMM method is only 1/20 of that of the ANSYS method. Additionally, it is shown that the MS-TMM method greatly increases the calculation efficiency while maintaining accuracy.
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4

Tsai, Chao-Yang, and Shyh-Chin Huang. "Transfer Matrix Method to Vibration Analysis of Rotors with Coupler Offsets." Shock and Vibration 20, no. 1 (2013): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/401352.

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In this paper a general transfer matrix method (TMM) for rotors containing global and local coupler offset was derived. Rotor response due to imbalances and offsets are then studied via the developed method. The studies showed both global and local offsets played as an external excitation that is a combined effect of all the elements behind the offset. Differences between global offset and local offset were compared and the results showed both types basically retain the same mode patterns but different jumps at the offset. The global offset, yet, imposed more significant dynamic effects since all the offsets accumulate thereafter. The whirling orbits in front and behind the offset were illustrated as well. The results, as expected, showed global offset appeared much larger radii especially after offset. The rotor's whirling orientation reversed, as rotation fell within a certain range and this feature was not changed by offsets. The TMM proposed by this study can be well applied to multiple global and local offsets.
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Zhang, Yin, Jianguo Ding, Hui Zhuang, Yu Chang, Peng Chen, Xiangxiang Zhang, Wenhao Xie, and Jin Fan. "Pounding between Adjacent Frame Structures under Earthquake Excitation Based on Transfer Matrix Method of Multibody Systems." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (March 18, 2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5706015.

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In this paper, the case of two adjacent frame structures is studied by establishing a mechanical model based on the transfer matrix method of multibody system (MS-TMM). The transfer matrices of the related elements and total transfer equation are deduced, combining with the Hertz-damp mode. The pounding process of two adjacent frame structures is calculated by compiling the relevant MATLAB program during severe ground motions. The results of the study indicate that the maximum error of the peak pounding forces and the peak displacements at the top of the frame structure obtained by the MS-TMM and ANSYS are 6.22% and 9.86%, respectively. Comparing the calculation time by ANSYS and MS-TMM, it shows that the computation efficiency increases obviously by using the MS-TMM. The pounding mainly occurs at the top of the short structure; meanwhile, multiple pounding at the same time may occur when the separation gap is small. The parametric investigation has led to the conclusion that the pounding force, the number of poundings, the moment of pounding, and the structural displacement are sensitive to the change of the seismic peak acceleration and the separation gap size.
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6

Abbas, Laith K., Dieter Bestle, and Xiao Ting Rui. "Transfer Matrix Method for the Determination of the Free Vibration of Two Elastically Coupled Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 372 (August 2013): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.372.301.

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The feasibility of using the transfer matrix method (TMM) to compute the free vibration characteristics of a system composed of continues and discrete elements vibrating in a plane is explored theoretically. In the approach to the problem, a general analytical method based on TMM is developed for the vibrations of two uniform Euler-Bernoulli beams coupled by a spring. The components of the transfer matrix are all functions of the systems natural frequency. The overall transfer equation only involves boundary state vectors, whereas the state vectors at all other connection points do not appear. The state vectors at the boundary are composed of displacements, rotation angles, bending moments and shear forces, which are partly known and partly unknown. Moreover, the overall transfer matrix is independent of the degrees of the freedom. A non-trivial solution of the final overall transfer equation requires the coefficient matrix to be singular. This paper reduces the zero search of its determinate to a minimization problem and demonstrates a simple, robust algorithm being much more efficient than direct enumeration. A numerical result is presented to demonstrate the proposal method.
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7

Khiem, Nguyen Tien, An Ninh Thi Vu, and Hai Thanh Tran. "MODAL ANALYSIS OF MULTISTEP TIMOSHENKO BEAM WITH A NUMBER OF CRACKS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 6 (December 17, 2018): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/6/12488.

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Modal analysis of cracked multistep Timoshenko beam is accomplished by the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) based on a closed-form solution for Timoshenko uniform beam element. Using the solution allows significantly simplifying application of the conventional TMM for multistep beam with multiple cracks. Such simplified transfer matrix method is employed for investigating effect of beam slenderness and stepped change in cross section on sensitivity of natural frequencies to cracks. It is demonstrated that the transfer matrix method based on the Timoshenko beam theory is usefully applicable for beam of arbitrary slenderness while the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is appropriate only for slender one. Moreover, stepwise change in cross-section leads to a jump in natural frequency variation due to crack at the steps. Both the theoretical development and numerical computation accomplished for the cracked multistep beam have been validated by an experimental study
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8

Tournemenne, Robin, and Juliette Chabassier. "A Comparison of a One-Dimensional Finite Element Method and the Transfer Matrix Method for the Computation of Wind Music Instrument Impedance." Acta Acustica united with Acustica 105, no. 5 (July 1, 2019): 838–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3813/aaa.919364.

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This work presents a computation tool for the calculation of wind instrument input impedance in the context of linear planar wave propagation with visco-thermal losses. The originality of the approach lies in the usage of a specific and simple 1D finite element method (FEM). The popular Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) is also recalled and a seamless formulation is proposed which unifies the cases cylinders vs. cones. Visco-thermal losses, which are natural dissipation in the system, are not exactly taken into account by this method when arbitrary shapes are considered. The introduction of an equivalent radius leads to an approximation that we quantify using the FEM method. The equation actually solved by the TMM in this case is exhibited. The accuracy of the two methods (FEM and TMM) and the associated computation times are assessed and compared. Although the TMM is more efficient in lossless cases and for lossy cylinders, the FEM is shown to be more efficient when targeting a specific precision in the realistic case of a lossy trumpet. Some additional features also exhibit the robustness and flexibility of the FEM over the TMM. All the results of this article are computed using the open-source python toolbox OpenWind.
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9

Shen, Zhongyuan, and Xue Bai. "Multibody System Discrete Time Transfer Matrix Method for Nonlinear Shear Dynamic analysis of Immersed Tunnels." E3S Web of Conferences 236 (2021): 02035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123602035.

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Shear seismic response analysis is critical for seismic design of immersed tunnels. According to the structural characters of immersed tunnels and shear dynamic response of their joints, a multibody dynamic model consisting of multi-rigid body, shear hinge, and viscous damping hinge is proposed for shear response analysis, in which the dynamic stiffness of the shear hinge is divided into two stages based on a threshold. Following the discrete time transfer matrix method for multibody system dynamics (MS-DT-TMM), the mechanical model and mathematical expression of each tunnel element is derived first and then assembled for the whole tunnel system. A solution procedure is proposed to solve the shear dynamic response of immersed tunnels using the proposed multibody system model. It is shown that the MS-DT-TMM has the same computational accuracy as the finite element method (FEM) and the modeling process is more efficient and flexible when compared to FEM. Although the MS-DT-TMM discussed herein is only applied to shear response analysis, it can easily be extended to analyze axial force and bending moment of immersed tunnels leading to a complete, rapid yet accurate enough seismic analysis of immersed tunnels suitable for engineering practices.
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Vastiau, Jasper, Cédric Van hoorickx, and Edwin Reynders. "Impact sound prediction of finite floor structures with the modal transfer matrix method." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 734–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1636.

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The transfer matrix method (TMM) is commonly employed for wave propagation analysis in layered media of fluid, elastic and porous nature. Up to now it has been used extensively to analyze airborne sound transmission and sound absorption. Its use for impact sound transmission has been investigated to a limited extent, i.e. for thick homogeneous elastic plates of infinite extent and for specific receiver points. This contribution aims to broaden the scope such that the global impact sound, radiated by finite floor structures containing elastic, fluid and/or porous layers, can be analyzed in a more robust way than previously available in literature. A disadvantage of the conventional TMM is that only floors of infinite extent can be implemented. It is possible to remove this drawback using a spatial windowing technique. Furthermore, the modal behavior of the floor is approximately taken into account by projecting the impact force onto the mode shapes and only allowing for the propagation of those waves, corresponding to modal wavenumbers, in the structure. Predictions of the radiated sound power are made for various bare floors and floating floor systems of both infinite and finite extent.
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11

Abbas, Laith K., and Xiaoting Rui. "Free Vibration Characteristic of Multilevel Beam Based on Transfer Matrix Method of Linear Multibody Systems." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6 (January 1, 2014): 792478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/792478.

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In this paper, an approach based on transfer matrix method of linear multibody systems (MS-TMM) is developed to analyze the free vibration of a multilevel beam, coupled by spring/dashpot systems attached to them in-span. The Euler-Bernoulli model is used for the transverse vibration of the beams, and the spring/dashpot system represents a simplified model of a viscoelastic material. MS-TMM reduces the dynamic problem to an overall transfer equation which only involves boundary state vectors. The state vectors at the boundaries are composed of displacements, rotation angles, bending moments, and shear forces, which are partly known and partly unknown, and end up with reduced overall transfer matrix. Nontrivial solution requires the coefficient matrix to be singular to yield the required natural frequencies. This paper implements two novel algorithms based on the methodology by reducing the zero search of the reduced overall transfer matrix's determinate to a minimization problem and demonstrates a simple and robust algorithm being much more efficient than direct enumeration. The proposal method is easy to formulate, systematic to apply, and simple to code and can be extended to complex structures with any boundary conditions. Numerical results are presented to show the validity of the proposal method against the published literature.
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12

Abbas, Laith K., Li Min-Jiao, and Rui Xiao-Ting. "Transfer Matrix Method for the Determination of the Natural Vibration Characteristics of Realistic Thrusting Launch Vehicle—Part I." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/764673.

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The feasibility of using the transfer matrix method (TMM) to compute the natural vibration characteristics of a flexible rocket/satellite launch vehicle is explored theoretically. In the approach to the problem, a nonuniform free-free Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli beamlike structure is modeled. A provision is made to take into consideration the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia. Large thrust-to-weight ratio leads to large axial accelerations that result in an axial inertia load distribution from nose to tail which causes the development of significant compressive forces along the length of the launch vehicle. Therefore, it is important to take into account this effect in the transverse vibration model. Once the transfer matrix of a single component has been obtained, the product of all component matrices composes the matrix of the entire structure. The frequency equation and mode shape are formulated in terms of the elements of the structural matrices. Flight test and analytical results validate the present TMM formulas.
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13

Mohamad, Barhm, Károly Jalics, and Milad Kermani. "Exhaust System Muffler Volume Optimization of Light Commercial passenger Car Using Transfer Matrix Method." International Journal of Engineering and Management Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 3, 2019): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2019.1.16.

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Nowadays, the automotive industry is focused on weight and size reduction. Main advantage of this weight and size reduction are improving the fuel economy. The specific fuel consumption of a vehicle can be improved through e.g. downsizing area of heat loss, if we focus on vehicle with weight reduction. Weight reduction can be done by replacing material or by changing the size (dimensions) of components. In the present work we have focused on Audi A6 muffler, troubleshooting and optimizing the muffler by changing pipe length of inlet and outlet, also by replacing the original mesh plate to porous pipe. Based on optimization, prototype has been built with the help of 3D design tool CATIA V5 and the calculations of transmission loss (TL) have been performed by MATLAB. Plane wave-based models such as the transfer matrix method (TMM) can offer fast initial prototype solutions for muffler designers. The principles of TMM for predicting the transmission loss of a muffler was used. Result of this present study of an existing muffler has been analysed and then compared with vehicle level test observation data. Noise level have been optimized for new muffler design. Other literatures were played significant rule for validate our results.
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14

Xu, Peng, and Guanlu Jiang. "Calculation of Natural Frequencies of Retaining Walls Using the Transfer Matrix Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (February 17, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2156475.

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The dynamic response magnitudes of retaining walls under seismic loadings, such as earthquakes, are influenced by their natural frequencies. Resonances can occur when the natural frequency of a wall is close to the loading frequency, which could result in serious damage or collapse. Although field percussion tests are usually used to study the health state of retaining walls, they are complicated and time consuming. A natural frequency equation for retaining walls with tapered wall facings is established in this paper using the transfer matrix method (TMM). The proposed method is validated against the results of numerical simulations and field tests. Results show that fundamental frequencies decrease gradually with wall height; soil elastic modulus exerts a great influence on the fundamental frequency for walls with smaller facing stiffness; fundamental frequencies are smaller for a hinged toe than a fixed toe condition, and this difference is smaller in taller walls.
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Huang, Hui Jia, Jian Guo Ding, and Zhi Qiao. "Analysis of Elastic-Plastic Responses of a Water Tower Structure during an Earthquake Based on the Transfer Matrix Method of Multibody System." Advanced Materials Research 974 (June 2014): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.974.318.

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As a member of the city life lines, water towers are still widely used as an outdoor device to supply water. Study on the seismic performance of the water tower is of great significance because earthquakes often happen in China. Finite element methods, such as the ANSYS, are widely used as traditional structural dynamic analysis methods, but the calculation efficiency of the ANSYS is very low. In this paper, the transfer matrix method of multibody system (MS-TMM) was introduced to analyze the seismic performance of a water tower. Based on the example as a water tower, the calculation speed of the MS-TMM is much faster than the calculation speed of the ANSYS and the responses obtained by the MS-TMM are nearly equivalent to the responses obtained by the ANSYS. Evidently, the MS-TMM can satisfy the requirements of calculation efficiency and calculation accuracy in computing the responses of water towers during earthquakes.
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Gandhi, Sakshi, Suneet Kumar Awasthi, and Arafa H. Aly. "Biophotonic sensor design using a 1D defective annular photonic crystal for the detection of creatinine concentration in blood serum." RSC Advances 11, no. 43 (2021): 26655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04166e.

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A new biophotonic sensor composed of a porous silicon (PSi)-based one-dimensional (1D) defective annular photonic crystal (APC) was designed and theoretically investigated using a modified transfer matrix method (TMM) in terms of cylindrical coordinates.
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Tripa, Mihai, Geamilia Şolea, Dorina Sorcoi, Iulia Florescu, Adriana Sorcoi, Daniela Păunescu, Nicolae Bâlc, and Mihaela Suciu. "About buckling calculus of straight bars on elastic environment by Transfer-Matrix Method (TMM) for dental implants." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817804007.

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The paper presents a relatively simple and elegant analytical calculus of critical buckling force for a straight bar, one-end embedded and other end free, with an axial compression force F, using the Transfer-Matrix Method (TMM). The algorithm is based on the simplifications of the mathematical apparatus offered by Dirac and Heaviside’s functions and operators regarding effort density. The results obtained will be used in the study of dental implants. The implant was assimilated as a bar on elastic environment, one-end of bar embedded and other end free, with an axial compression force F at the free end, the bone being assimilated as an elastic environment.
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18

Suhendi, Endi, Rifky Syariati, Fatimah A. Noor, Neny Kurniasih, and Khairurrijal. "Simulation of Dirac Tunneling Current of an Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon-Based P-N Junction Using a Transfer Matrix Method." Advanced Materials Research 974 (June 2014): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.974.205.

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We have studied tunneling current in a p-n junction based on armchair graphene nanoribbon (AGNR) by using the relativistic Dirac equation and a transfer matrix method (TMM). The electron wave function was derived by solving the relativistic Dirac equation. The TMM, which is a numerical approach, was used to calculate electron transmittance and the tunneling current. The results showed that the tunneling current increases with the bias voltage. On the other hand, the tunneling current increases with the decreases in the electron incidence angle and temperature. Moreover, the increases in the AGNR width and electric field in the p-n junction result in the increase in the tunneling current.
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19

Suhendi, Endi, Fatimah A. Noor, Neny Kurniasih, and Khairurrijal. "Modeling of Drain Current in Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon Field Effect Transistor Using Transfer Matrix Method." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.367.

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Drain current in an armchair graphene nanoribbon field effect transistor (AGNRFET) has been quantum mechanically modeled. The transfer matrix method (TMM) was employed to obtain the electron transmittance, and the obtained transmittance was then utilized to calculate the drain current by using the Landauer formula. The calculated results showed that the drain current increases with the gate and drain voltages. It was also shown that the threshold voltage for the device is around 0.3 V. In addition, the AGNR width influences the drain current of AGNRFET.
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20

Demeč, Peter, and Dominika Palaščáková. "Simplified Calculation of the Eccentric Press Stiffness." Applied Mechanics and Materials 613 (August 2014): 402–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.613.402.

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The article deals with the simplified calculation of the stiffness of the eccentric press frame. The described method applies to the solving of problem a mathematical identification of condition parameters in the press frame the transfer matrix method (TMM), which is in essence a matrix form of initial parameters method. This method is suitable for mechanical systems with continuously distributed mass in space while the cross-sections along the entire length of the system are not constant.
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21

Si, Guoning, Mengqiu Chu, Zhuo Zhang, Haijie Li, and Xuping Zhang. "Integrating Dynamics into Design and Motion Optimization of a 3-PRR Planar Parallel Manipulator with Discrete Time Transfer Matrix Method." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (May 12, 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2761508.

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This paper presents a novel method of dynamic modeling and design optimization integrated with dynamics for parallel robot manipulators. Firstly, a computationally efficient modeling method, the discrete time transfer matrix method (DT-TMM), is proposed to establish the dynamic model of a 3-PRR planar parallel manipulator (PPM) for the first time. The numerical simulations are performed with both the proposed DT-TMM dynamic modeling and the ADAMS modeling. The applicability and effectiveness of DT-TMM in parallel manipulators are verified by comparing the numerical results. Secondly, the design parameters of the 3-PRR parallel manipulator are optimized using the kinematic performance indices, such as global workspace conditioning index (GWCI), global condition index (GCI), and global gradient index (GGI). Finally, a dynamic performance index, namely, driving force index (DFI), is proposed based on the established dynamic model. The described motion trajectory of the moving platform is placed into the optimized workspace and the initial position is determined to finalize the end-effector trajectory of the parallel manipulator by the further optimization with the integrated kinematic and dynamic performance indices. The novelty of this work includes (1) developing a new dynamic model method with high computation efficiency for parallel robot manipulators using DT-TMM and (2) proposing a new dynamic performance index and integrating the dynamic index into the motion and design optimization of parallel robot manipulators.
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Wu, Xiao Di, Gong Min Liu, and Hao Chen. "The Analysis of Natural Characteristics of Pipeline Structure Systems Based on Frequency-Domain Transfer Matrix Method." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 4541–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.4541.

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A pipe structure model composed of straight pipe, bent pipe, concentrated mass and flexible support was established. The axial, lateral and circumferential vibration of this model were taken into account in the paper. Then it was realized to calculate the natural characteristic of this pipeline in computer by using MATLAB language to program a series of procedures based on frequency-domain transfer matrix method. The calculation results were compared with the ANSYS simulation results, which illustrated the upper accuracy of frequency-domain transfer matrix method in calculating natural characteristic problems of pipeline structure system. At last, The pipeline system was analyzed with experimental modal method．By comparing the experimental results and computational results, relatively lesser error showed that computational results were reliable and frequency-domain TMM was verified to be valuable for practical application.
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Pérez-Huerta, J. S., D. Ariza-Flores, R. Castro-García, W. L. Mochán, G. P. Ortiz, and V. Agarwal. "Reflectivity of 1D photonic crystals: A comparison of computational schemes with experimental results." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 11 (April 16, 2018): 1850136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218501369.

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We report the reflectivity of one-dimensional finite and semi-infinite photonic crystals, computed through the coupling to Bloch modes (BM) and through a transfer matrix method (TMM), and their comparison to the experimental spectral line shapes of porous silicon (PS) multilayer structures. Both methods reproduce a forbidden photonic bandgap (PBG), but slowly-converging oscillations are observed in the TMM as the number of layers increases to infinity, while a smooth converged behavior is presented with BM. The experimental reflectivity spectra is in good agreement with the TMM results for multilayer structures with a small number of periods. However, for structures with large amount of periods, the measured spectral line shapes exhibit better agreement with the smooth behavior predicted by BM.
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Lin, H. J., C. N. Wang, and Y. M. Kuo. "Characterizing the Sound Insulation of a Specially Orthotropic Multi-Layered Medium." Journal of Mechanics 23, no. 1 (March 2007): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100001088.

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AbstractThis work explores the sound transmission loss provided by the orthotropic multi-layers to elucidate the sound insulation of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics). Mat is the major material considered in the numerical works. The transfer matrices of a single layer of the orthotropic laminate and the fluid are determined. Further, the boundary conditions on the various interface planes are arranged into matrix form. Combining the transfer matrixes and the boundary conditions and applying the transfer matrix method (TMM) yields the surface impedance and the sound transmission loss. The sound-propagation characteristics are studied. Additionally, the STC (Sound Transmission Class) of FRP and steel are compared and discussed.
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Hasanah, Lilik, Ida Hamidah, Aam Hamdani, Budi Mulyanti, Dadi Rusdiana, and Heru Yuwono. "Determination of Thin Film Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 Ferroelectric Effective Mass from I-V Characteristics Calculation Using Transfer Matrix Method." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.375.

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In this paper, we present current-voltage model characterization calculation of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3ferroelectric-based solar cell to determine its effective mass. Numerical calculation was done using Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). Fitting between the calculations results with experiment data can be done by approximating the Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3effective mass value. Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3effective mass can be obtained when both data fit.
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Serra, Q., M. N. Ichchou, and J. F. Deü. "On the Use of Transfer Approaches to Predict the Vibroacoustic Response of Poroelastic Media." Journal of Computational Acoustics 24, no. 02 (June 2016): 1550020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x15500204.

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The transfer matrix method (TMM) is a famous analytic method in the vibroacoustic community. It is classically considered as a high frequency approach, because of the hypothesis of acoustic plane waves impinging on a flat infinite panel. Thus, it cannot take into account directly finite-size effects or lateral boundary conditions (BCs), and it needs specific algorithms to correct its results in the low frequency range. Within the transfer matrix framework, the use of finite elements makes it possible to generalize the range of applications of transfer approaches. Thus, the study of wave propagation in poroelastic media, in presence of lateral BCs can be carried out. The links between theses waves and the acoustic response of a sample are investigated. Finally, it shows that transfer approaches are not limited in the low frequency range, as usually stated. In fact, the validity of analytic transfer approaches depends more on the material and on the geometry than on the frequency range.
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Ratan, S., and J. Rodriguez. "Transient Dynamic Analysis of Rotors Using SMAC Techniques: Part 2, Numerical Study." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 114, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930288.

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A new method for performing transient time-domain analysis of rotor systems using a Successive Merging and Condensation (SMAC) technique was introduced in Part 1. This approach can be applied to rotor analysis problems formulated with the finite element method. A numerical study, including examples, comparison of methods, and performance evaluation, is presented here. Validation and applicability of the SMAC method are illustrated with three examples: conservative, nonconservative, and nonlinear. The SMAC algorithm is then compared to the following methods: Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), Modal Superposition Method, and Runge-Kutta Method, and is demonstrated to be computationally more efficient in terms of CPU time and storage space. The issues of stability and time-step size are also studied.
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Suhendi, Endi, Rifky Syariati, Fatimah A. Noor, Neny Kurniasih, and Khairurrijal. "Simulation of Dirac Electron Tunneling Current in Armchair Graphene Nanoribbon Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors Using a Transfer Matrix Method." Advanced Materials Research 1112 (July 2015): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1112.128.

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We simulate quantum mechanical tunneling current in armchair graphene nanoribbon tunnel field-effect transistors (AGNR-TFETs). The relativistic Dirac equation is used to determine electron wave functions in the AGNRs, while the potential profile is solved by the Poisson equation. We use a transfer matrix method (TMM) to calculate the electron transmittance and the Dirac electron tunneling current in the AGNR-TFETs. The results show that the Dirac electron tunneling current increases with increasing the drain and gate voltages. Moreover, the AGNR width and the thickness of insulator affect the characteristics of the Dirac electron tunneling currents.
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Garus, Sebastian, and Michal Szota. "Occurence of Characteristic Peaks in Phononic Multilayer Structures." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 3 (April 15, 2018): 735–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.3.6188.

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In this paper the acoustic transmission properties of multilayer structures was analyzed. Were compared binary and aperiodic (Severin, Thue-Morse) superlattices, Calculations were performed using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) algorithm. As a superlattice environment in the simulation the water was used. The material used to construct the structure was a PNM-0.38PT piezoelectric. Multilayer types have been selected so that the total number of layers for a given generation is equal in all structures.
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30

Bozyigit, Baran. "Transfer matrix formulation for dynamic response of Timoshenko beams resting on two-parameter elastic foundation subjected to moving load." Journal of Structural Engineering & Applied Mechanics 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31462/jseam.2021.04099110.

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In this study, the dynamic response of beams resting on two-parameter elastic foundation subjected to moving load is investigated by using the transfer matrix method (TMM). The Timoshenko beam theory (TBT) which considers shear deformation and rotational inertia is used to model the beam. The two-parameter elastic foundation model is selected as Pasternak foundation that takes into account a shear layer at the end of linear springs of Winkler foundation. The TMM which uses the relation between analytically obtained state vectors of each end of the beam is applied to solve the free vibration problem. After performing the free vibration analysis, the mathematical model is simplified into an equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) system by using the exact mode shapes to obtain dynamic responses. The generalized displacement is calculated for each mode by using the Runge-Kutta algorithm. A numerical case study is presented for a simply-supported Timoshenko beam on the Pasternak foundation subjected to a concentrated load. The natural frequencies obtained from finite element method (FEM) results of SAP2000 are presented with the results of TMM for comparison purposes using the Winkler foundation. The effects of shear layer on the natural frequencies of the model are revealed. The mode shapes are plotted. The proposed approach for calculating dynamic responses is validated by using the results of FEM for Winkler foundation model. Then, the effects of Winkler springs and shear layer of the foundation model on the dynamic responses are presented in figures. The effects of modal damping are discussed. Finally, the critical velocities for the model are calculated for various elastic foundation scenarios and the effects of elastic foundation parameters on the dynamic response of beam model subjected to moving load with high velocity are observed.
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Liu, Pengfei, Hongjun Liu, and Qing Wu. "Estimation of Wheelset Natural Vibration Characteristics Based on Transfer Matrix Method with Various Elastic Beam Models." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 18, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9973421.

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The elastic vibration of the wheelset is a potential factor inducing wheel-rail defects. It is important to understand the natural vibration characteristics of the flexible wheelset for slowing down the defect growth. To estimate the elastic free vibration of the railway wheelset with the multidiameter axle, the transfer matrix method (TMM) is applied. The transfer matrices of four types of elastic beam models are derived including the Euler–Bernoulli beam, Timoshenko beam, elastic beam without mass and shearing stiffness, and massless elastic beam with shearing stiffness. For each type, the simplified model and detailed models of the flexible wheelset are developed. Both bending and torsional modes are compared with that of the finite element (FE) model. For the wheelset bending modes, if the wheel axle is modelled as the Euler–Bernoulli beam and Timoshenko beam, the natural frequencies can be reflected accurately, especially for the latter one. Due to the lower solving accuracy, the massless beam models are not applicable for the analysis of natural characteristics of the wheelset. The increase of the dividing segment number of the flexible axle is helpful to improve the modal solving accuracy, while the computation effort is almost kept in the same level. For the torsional vibration mode, it mainly depends on the axle torsional stiffness and wheel inertia rather than axle torsional inertia.
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Yang, Y. Q., P. D. Han, Y. P. Li, M. H. Dong, L. L. Zhang, H. H. Guan, C. L. Zhang, and B. S. Xu. "Fabrication and Optical Properties of Nb2O5 Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals by PS Opal Template." Materials Science Forum 688 (June 2011): 90–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.688.90.

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In this paper, polystyrene (PS) opals template, opal with a closed-packed face centered cubic (fcc) lattice, was prepared using vertical deposition method. The template provided void space for infiltration of Nb2O5 etc. PS colloidal nanospheres was face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure with its (111) planes parallel to the substrate. Finally, the transfer matrix method (TMM) was used to calculate photonic band-gap of PS opal and Nb2O5 inverse opal structure. The calculation results show that the photonic band-gap of Nb2O5 with inverse opal structure is wider than that of PS opals.
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Zheng, Yong Jiang, Guang Xian Shen, Yi Geng Li, Ming Li, and Hong Min Liu. "Spatial Vibration Characteristics of Four-High Rolling Mills." Advanced Materials Research 694-697 (May 2013): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.694-697.481.

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The contemporary four-high mills are unstable and four-high rolling mill vibrations take place in six DOF leading to spatial behaviors involving vertical, horizontal, axial, reverse, cross and swinging vibration modes resulting in complex relative motions between the rolls. In this paper, a spatial vibration characteristic analysis of two four-high rolling mills with different stability will be presented based on the transfer matrix method (TMM) and Finite Element Method (FEM). The natural frequency and mode shape of four-high rolling mill are obtained. Vibration experimental results will be presented to prove the validity of the spatial vibration of rolling mill.
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Fang, Z., and Z. L. Ji. "Numerical Mode Matching Approach for Acoustic Attenuation Predictions of Double-Chamber Perforated Tube Dissipative Silencers with Mean Flow." Journal of Computational Acoustics 22, no. 02 (April 17, 2014): 1450004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x14500040.

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The transfer matrix method (TMM) based on numerical mode matching (NMM) approach is developed to investigate the acoustic behavior of double-chamber perforated tube dissipative silencer with mean flow. The present method is verified by comparing the transmission loss (TL) predictions and experimental data. Then the effects of mean flow, perforated tube offset and lengths of perforations are studied computationally. As the Mach number increases, the TL of dissipative silencer is lowered at most frequencies. The perforated tube offset may change the acoustic behavior in the mid-high frequency range. Increasing the total length of perforations increases TL at the mid-high frequencies.
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35

Wu, Jong-Shyong, and Mang Hsieh. "Torsional Vibration of a Damped Shaft System Using the Analytical-and-Numerical-Combined Method." Marine Technology and SNAME News 38, no. 04 (October 1, 2001): 250–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2001.38.4.250.

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Torsional vibration analysis of the propulsive shaft system of a marine engine—one of the most important tasks in preliminary ship design—is carried out today by either the Holzer method, the transfer matrix method (TMM), or the finite-element method (FEM). Of the three methods, Holzer is the most popular and is adopted by shipyards worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to present an analytical-and-numerical-combined method (ANCM) to improve the drawbacks of existing methods. In comparison with the Holzer method (or TMM), the presented ANCM has the following merits: the mass of the rotating shaft is inherently considered, the damping effect is easily tackled, and the forced vibration responses due to various external excitations are obtained with no difficulty. Since the order of the overall property matrices for the equations of motion derived from the ANCM is usually lower than that derived from the conventional finite-element method (FEM), the CPU time required by the former is usually less than that required by the latter, particularly in the forced vibration analysis. Besides, the sizes (and the total number) of the elements for the FEM have a close relationship with the locations of the disks and the dampers and so does the accuracy of the FEM, but various distributions (or locations) of the disks and the dampers will not create any problems for the ANCM.
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Yan, Wei, J. Wang, WQ Chen, and WC Li. "Electromechanical impedance response of a cracked functionally graded beam with imperfectly bonded piezoelectric wafers." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 22, no. 16 (August 30, 2011): 1899–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x11417196.

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An analytical model of a cracked functionally graded beam with attached Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) actuator/sensors is proposed in the paper for structural health monitoring. In this model, the dynamic behavior of the piezoelectric patches is considered and a viscoelastic law is adopted to describe the bonding imperfection between the piezoelectric patches and the beam. A piecewisely homogeneous beam model is then employed to approximate the original inhomogeneous beam based on the Timoshenko beam theory. The crack in the beam is treated as a massless rotational spring. In order to develop the recursive formulations to reduce the dimension of the final equations in the method of reverberation-ray matrix (MRRM), new local scattering relations are established for this smart beam using a matrix reduction technique. An analytical expression of the electromechanical impedance (EMI) is derived based on the improved MRRM via the recursive formulations. Comparison with existent experimental results and those predicted by other methods, such as the conventional MRRM, the transfer matrix method (TMM), and the finite element method (FEM), is made to validate the proposed analysis. Furthermore, the effects of various parameters including the crack depth on the EMI signatures are highlighted.
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37

Lan, Man, and Pei Jun Wei. "Band Gaps of SH Wave in Piezoelectric Phononic Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1486–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1486.

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The dispersive characteristic of anti-plane elastic waves propagating through laminated piezoelectric phononic crystal is studied in this paper. First, the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the Bloch theorem are used to derive the dispersion equation. Next, the dispersion equation is solved numerically and the dispersive curves are shown in Brillouin zone. The pass band and the stop band of anti-plane SH wave propagating perpendicular to and oblique to the laminated periodic structure are compared. The effects of the slope angle on the wave band structure are discussed.
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38

Peng, Jian Kun, Yan Ling Han, and Hong Wang. "Splitting and Filtering Properties of Defect-Mode in One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal." Advanced Materials Research 760-762 (September 2013): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.760-762.378.

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By the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), the properties of defect modes, such as splitting, coupling and filtering, have been researched in detail. The influence of refractive index and incident angle on the defect-mode coupling has been investigated. Simulating results exhibit that coupling mode split as two defect modes when they are close to each other. This property is closely related to the refractive index and the spacing interval between defect layers. The incident angle can reach 30 degree, which has a potential application in full angle filtering.
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Singh, Pawan, Krishan Pal, Narinder Kumar, Sudesh K. Singh, Khem B. Thapa, and Devesh Kumar. "Tunable Sensing Property of 1D Periodic Structure with Defect of Liquid Crystal Sandwiched by Metallic Layers." Sensor Letters 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2019.4148.

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In this paper, we have investigated the optical properties of one-dimensional periodic structure of dielectric materials with defect of liquid crystal (LC) sandwiched with two silver (Ag) layers. The transmission, reflection and absorption properties of considered periodic structure have calculated theoretically using transfer matrix method (TMM). Our study reports that the tunability of absorption defect peak of the defect periodic structure is achieved by the variation in the incident angle of electromagnetic wave. The obtained result suggests that such defect periodic structure may be used as tunable sensor and filter devices.
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40

Lan, Man, and Pei Jun Wei. "The Propagation of In-Plane Waves in Multilayered Elastic/Piezoelectric Composite Structures with Imperfect Interface." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.95.

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The dispersive characteristic of in-plane elastic waves propagating through laminated piezoelectric phononic crystal with imperfect interface is studied in this paper. First, the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the Bloch theorem are used to derive the dispersion equation. Next, the dispersion equation is solved numerically and the dispersive curves are shown in Brillouin zone. The pass band and the stop band of in-plane wave propagating normal to the laminated periodic structure with spring imperfect interface are investigated. The effects of the spring or mass parameter are discussed.
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41

Borelli, Davide, and Corrado Schenone. "On the acoustic transparency of perforated metal plates facing a porous fibrous material." Noise Mapping 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2021-0014.

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Abstract Thin impervious layers, cloths or perforated plates are usually utilized with fibrous absorbing materials in order to avoid small particles, coming from deterioration over time or from flow abrasive effect, becoming dislodged and polluting the environment. These protective facings are to be carefully considered and analyzed, since they can affect the acoustical behavior of the “backing” material. This study addresses this issue through an experimental survey and a theoretical analysis using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM). Experiments have been performed in the frequency range 160–2,500 Hz, analyzing the different behaviors due to multiple combinations of percentage of open area and air gap between perforated facing and absorbing material. Experimental data have shown a marked effect of the percentage of perforation, at least up to a threshold value of 20%, whereas the air gap slightly affected the acoustic behavior of the covered absorbing material. The TMM was applied to the tested faced absorbing system, and experimental and theoretical results were compared, showing the good accuracy of the model. Several geometrical configurations were then modeled through TMM and the possibility of using this method in order to assess the acoustic transparency of perforated metal plates was assessed.
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42

Wang, Yan Song, Tao Zhang, Na Chen, and Jie Lei. "A Standing Wave-Duct System for Acoustical Property Prediction of Multi-Layered Noise Control Materials." Advanced Materials Research 378-379 (October 2011): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.378-379.27.

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Based on a hybrid transfer-matrix method, a new standing wave-duct system with four microphones for acoustical property prediction of multi-layered noise control materials is developed in this paper. In this system, the two-load method (TLM) and two-cavity method (TCM) are used for computing the transfer matrix of each material sample. The transfer matrices saved in a database in the system hardisk may be selected for predicting both the absorption ratio and transmission loss of a multi-layered treatment of materials. Verification results suggest that the newly designed standing wave-duct system is effective for acoustical prediction of multilayer material configurations.
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43

Werzinger, Stefan, Darko Zibar, Max Köppel, and Bernhard Schmauss. "Model-Based Position and Reflectivity Estimation of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Arrays." Sensors 18, no. 7 (July 13, 2018): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18072268.

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We propose an efficient model-based signal processing approach for optical fiber sensing with fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays. A position estimation based on an estimation of distribution algorithm (EDA) and a reflectivity estimation method using a parametric transfer matrix model (TMM) are outlined in detail. The estimation algorithms are evaluated with Monte Carlo simulations and measurement data from an incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometer (iOFDR). The model-based approach outperforms conventional Fourier transform processing, especially near the spatial resolution limit, saving electrical bandwidth and measurement time. The models provide great flexibility and can be easily expanded in complexity to meet different topologies and to include prior knowledge of the sensors. Systematic errors due to crosstalk between gratings caused by multiple reflections and spectral shadowing could be further considered with the TMM to improve the performance of large-scale FBG array sensor systems.
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44

Sonawane, Ulhas S., E. P. Samuel, Chetan Kasar, and D. S. Patil. "Analysis of Tunneling Phenomenon and Electron Confinement in Quantum Nanowire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 481 (December 2013): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.481.40.

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Using Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) the Eigen energy of the GaN/AlGaN quantum wire has been evaluated. Peak density results show the confinement and tunneling of electron distribution in quantum wire due to band offset of GaN (wire region) and AlGaN (barrier region). The impact of this band offset results in variation in Eigen energy and is significant in Tunneling phenomenon study to realize the transmission coefficient across the cross-section. Our analysis reveals that for wider wires transmission coefficient reaches to its peak for lower Eigen energy values. Likewise, increase in aluminum mole fraction in AlGaN decreases tunneling effect.
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45

Gerges, Samir N. Y., Márcio R. Kimura, and J. L. Bento Coelho. "Acoustic Modelling and Measurements of Engine Mufflers." Building Acoustics 5, no. 1 (March 1998): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9800500103.

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Most buildings such as hospitals, hotels, governmental offices, data processing rooms, etc, are equipped with internal combustion engines, diesel motors and generators to supply energy in emergencies. These same IC engines are used for industrial applications, building services and transportation. Exhaust noise are the predominant noise source with most internal combustion engines and thus exhaust systems incorporating mufflers have been designed to reduce the noise. This paper describes the analysis of several configurations of mufflers and also presents comparisons between the results for the transmission loss obtained by numerical modelling (FEM), Transfer Matrix Method (TMM) and measurements.
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46

Wan, Haochuan, Yinong Li, and Ling Zheng. "Vibration and Damping Analysis of a Multilayered Composite Plate with a Viscoelastic Midlayer." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6354915.

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Based on the theory of Donnell and Kirchhoff hypothesis and by using the complex constant model of viscoelastic materials, the vibration equations of five-layered constrained damping plate are established. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is improved and used to solve equations. The improved TMM is more effective to solve complex structural vibration. The influence of layer numbers, thickness of each layer, and arrangement of materials on vibration behavior are discussed. It is proved that multilayered plates can more effectively reduce natural frequency and obtain higher structural loss factor. The loss factor increases with the number of whole layers. Symmetrical structure can obtain higher structural loss factor than one-direction structure. Uniform arrangement of viscoelastic materials and constrained materials can obtain higher structural loss factor than nonuniform arrangement. There is different optimum frequency with different material thickness, and the optimum frequency is not dependent from layer numbers.
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47

Su, Chao, Xiaoyong He, Rui Li, Genwang Cai, Zhiqin Fan, and Shijian Wang. "Numerical analysis of the terahertz multilayer metamaterials." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 12 (May 19, 2014): 1450092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914500924.

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On the basis of transfer matrix method (TMM), the effective medium theories (EMT) which can be applied to the n-layer unit cell structures have been developed. By using this method, we have systematically investigated the influences of the structure parameters, operation frequency, and material gain on the dispersion properties and transmission of the metallic-dielectric stratified structure (MDSS) in the terahertz (THz) regime. The n-unit cell structures show much more freedom to study the MDSS. The results show that the dispersion relationship acquired from the EMT agrees well with those from the TMM when the value of kx is small. With the increase of the frequency, the n-layer unit cell MDSS can show more than one dip, and the dip positions can be changed by altering the doping concentration of the InSb layer. As the material gain increase, the transmission increases, and the full-width-half-maximum of the transmission spectrum decrease. This proposed method can also be applied to other spectral regions, such as microwave and infrared regimes. The results are beneficial to improve the performance of MDSSs devices and have great potential for many applications in fields of sub-wavelength image and superlens design.
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48

Seifouri, M., F. Shahshahani, and A. Faraji. "Numerical Analysis of SHB Effects in Laterally-Coupled Distributed Feedback (LC-DFB) Lasers." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 2, no. 5 (October 6, 2012): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.196.

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In this paper the stability of Laterally-Coupled Distributed Feedback (LC-DFB) Lasers against the Spatial Hole Burning (SHB) effect is analyzed theoretically. The stability of the laser structure is evaluated using the flatness parameter F. It is shown that the LC-DFB lasers are stable in a wide range of different values ​​of ridge width and amplitude grating. The stability is sustained with increasing injection current. The results show that the flatness parameter is minimal for certain values ​​of the amplitude grating. The numerical calculations have been done by coupled wave and carrier rate equations on the basis of the transfer matrix method (TMM)
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Asdaque, P. M. G. Bashir, R. K. Behera, and Jakeer Hussain Shaik. "Vibration Analysis of Multi-Disk Multi-Profiled Shaft-Rotor Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 612 (August 2014): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.612.17.

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Cantilevered shaft-rotor systems consisting of multi disks and multi profiled shafts are considered. In this paper the procedures for the determination of the deflection, slope, shear force and bending moment at the extremities of the shaft are employed. Critical speeds or whirling frequency conditions are computed using transfer matrix method (TMM). For particular shaft-lengths, rotating speeds and shaft-profiles, the response of the system is determined for the establishment of the dynamic characteristics. A built-in shaft-rotor system consisting of two disks and two different profiled shafts is investigated for illustration purposes. Step response of the multi profiled shaft-rotor system is also found out.
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El-Ghany, S. E. S. Abd. "Analysis of Temperature Sensors Based on Ternary One Dimensional Photonic Crystals with Double Defects." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 14, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2019.2653.

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Based on the transfer matrix method (TMM), the interaction of electromagnetic waves in ultraviolet (Uv), visible and Infrared (IR) spectra with ternary one-dimensional photonic crystals with different double defects, has been theoretically studied. The multilayer system has been taken as temperature dependent. The numerical results showed that the number of photonic band gap (PBG) was increased by increasing the degree of temperature. The variation of temperature, the thickness of the second layer and both the type and the thickness of the second defect caused shifting of the photonic ban gaps to higher wavelengths which can be exploited in the design of temperature sensors.
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