Journal articles: 'Transfer routes'

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Grant, C. A., P. van der Sijde, C. Henry, I. Koswenska, T. Scott, and G. Chassagne. "Routes of Technology Transfer to SMEs." Industry and Higher Education 10, no. 5 (1996): 293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095042229601000505.

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This article discusses the results of a European project funded under SPRINT, the European Commission's central programme for technology transfer. The authors describe and analyse ‘good practice’ technology transfer mechanisms which are being implemented in the Netherlands, Ireland, Northern Ireland, France and Sweden. It is the authors' view that there is no one best model of a technology transfer mechanism/route to small and medium-sized entreprises. Each route is unique, and plays a different role in the technology transfer process. Based on technology transfer experiences from five different European countries, the authors examine and highlight the critical elements required for an effective university–SME partnership. In conclusion, strategic recommendations are set out for creating more successful technology transfer routes to the SME sector.

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Markevych, Andrii, Volodymyr Vdovychenko, and Igor Ivanov. "Influence of bus service downtime in the transport interchange on the duration of inter-route transfer of passengers." Technology audit and production reserves 3, no. 2(59) (2021): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.231465.

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The object of the study is the effect of the downtime of vehicles at stopping points on the duration of the route between passengers within the transport hub. As a controllable parameter that determines the conditions for synchronizing the presence of vehicles at stopping points and reproduces the characteristic effect on the weighted average time spent by passengers in transport hubs, the time of additional service downtime of vehicles is allocated. The simulation modeling and processing of the results obtained made it possible to establish the characteristic patterns of changes in the time spent by passengers in transport hubs for two types of routes with different volumes of passenger arrivals, the proportion of inter-route transfers and the interval of movement. It was found that for routes with scheduled arrivals more than 40 passengers and the specific gravity of inter-route transfers up to 45 %, the introduction of additional service downtime does not allow a positive effect on the duration of the stay of passengers in transport hubs. The implementation of service downtime is advisable for routes with an average volume of regular arrivals of passengers (up to 40 passengers) and a specific weight of inter-route transfers of more than 45 %. For such conditions, the regularities are described by a third-degree polynomial with the available characteristic period, which minimizes the function of the time spent by passengers. On the basis of the conducted experimental studies, it has been established that for routes with a specific gravity of a change from 45 % to 59 %, it is advisable to have a service downtime in the range of 1 minute up to 3 minutes, and for routes with a transfer rate of more than 59 % – within 2 minutes up to 5 minutes. The use of service downtime will increase the effectiveness of the synchronization of inter-route transfers in conditions of stochastic traffic and reduce the time spent by passengers in the transport interchange hub by 0.9–3.9 minutes (14–38 %) in comparison with the existing organization of interaction between the subjects of the route flow.

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Akifieva, Irina A., and Sergey S. Voytenkov. "COORDINATION OF BUS ROUTE SCHEDULES IN REGIONAL PASSENGER TRANSPORT." T-Comm 14, no. 9 (2020): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2020-14-9-31-37.

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In modern conditions of the Russian Federation in the field of traffic management, one of the priorities is to develop and improve the quality of functioning of route transport. One of the main requirements of passengers is the minimum time spent on the trip. It is problematic to meet this requirement without mutual coordination of transport processes along routes and the use of stopping points by vehicles and passengers due to their interdependence. The problem of such coordination is not only in cities, but also in regional settlements. The subject of this study is the coordination of passenger transport processes on regional bus routes that have common sections and stop-and-transfer points. The purpose of the study is to improve the organization of passenger transportation in regional directions by coordinating routes in time. In this study, we developed a method for coordinating bus schedules for regional routes that share common sections of the route or stop-and-transfer points. According to the results of applying the method for the Sargatsky district of the Omsk region, the results were obtained, according to which the average waiting time for a passenger in the case of a transfer was reduced by 60 %. Application of the developed method allows to organize rational distribution of arrival and departure of buses during the day according to the criterion of the minimum waiting time for passengers at the stop and transfer point and allows to solve the problem of inconsistency of bus traffic. Experimental testing has shown that the use of this technique reduces the waiting time for passengers at transfer points by up to 60%, which also reduces the time of network travel. The developed method can be used in the organization of intercity, intermunicipal and rural passenger transport.

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Deng, Yajuan, Xiaolei Ru, Ziqi Dou, and Guohua Liang. "Design of Bus Bridging Routes in Response to Disruption of Urban Rail Transit." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (2018): 4427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124427.

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Bus bridging has been widely used to connect stations affected by urban rail transit disruptions. This paper designs bus bridging routes for passengers in case of urban rail transit disruption. The types of urban rail transit disruption between Origin-Destination stations are summarized, and alternative bus bridging routes are listed. First, the feasible route generation method is established. Feasible routes for each pair of the disruption Origin-Destination stations include urban rail transit transfer, direct bus bridging, and indirect bus bridging. Then the feasible route generation model with the station capacity constraint is established. The k-short alternative routes are generated to form the bus bridging routes. Lastly, by considering the bus bridging resource constraints, the final bus bridging routes are obtained by merging and filtering the initial bridging routes. Numerical results of an illustrative network show that the bus bridging routes generated from the proposed model can significantly reduce travel delay of blocked passengers, and it is necessary to maintain the number of passengers in the urban rail transit below the station capacity threshold for ensuring a feasible routing design. One more important finding of this work is that the direct bridging route is preferred for short travel distances, while the indirect bridging route is preferred for longer travel distances. After the bridging bus routes are taken, the passenger’s total travel time is significantly lower than when no measures are taken. However, after the capacity constraint of a station is considered, the passenger’s total travel time will be increased by 3.49% compared with not considering a capacity constraint.

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PARTANEN, Riitta, Lasse MURTOMÄKI, Timo MOISIO, et al. "Routes to Control Oxygen Transfer Across Biomatrix." Japan Journal of Food Engineering 15, no. 2 (2014): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11301/jsfe.15.61.

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Breen, Tricia L., and Douglas W. Stephan. "Metallacycle Transfer Routes to Main-Group Phosphacycles." Organometallics 16, no. 3 (1997): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om960941d.

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Chowdhury, Subeh. "Role of Gender in the Ridership of Public Transport Routes Involving Transfers." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 4 (2019): 855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119837155.

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Globally, transport authorities are investing to improve the quality of public transport (PT) services by developing integrated networks. The success of these networks relies on multimodal transfers. However, making a transfer means more time will be spent outside the vehicle compared with a direct route, and for women, this means being exposed to the urban environment of stations for longer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role gender plays in people’s decisions to make transfers, in order to develop integrated systems that are equitable. A survey was undertaken in three major cities in New Zealand. A total of 2,173 people, car drivers, and PT users participated. Results show that women drivers are 30% more likely than men to make a transfer, given time savings. Waiting time is the most influential factor and has a greater effect on women’s decisions to make transfers. The factor “perceived safety at stations” was only significant for female riders. With the presence of security guards, female car drivers were three times more likely to ride a route with transfer, compared with males who were two times more likely. Women, car drivers, and PT users were slightly more likely to make a transfer given good quality information and covered walkways. It is expected that these results will provide practitioners with some guidance when designing transfers for an integrated system. The limitations women face during their travels can be alleviated by implementing a PT system that is designed to meet their needs more closely.

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MIRONCHUK, A. A., and I. YU SOLODOVCHENKO. "SCHEDULE COORDINATION FOR CITY AND SUBURBAN ROUTES OF GROUNDPUBLIC TRANSPORT." World of transport and technological machines 73, no. 2 (2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7432-2021-73-2-49-56.

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The article deals with the problem of reducing the transfer time at transport hubs. A mathematical model is proposed for coordinating the timetables of urban and suburban routes of ground public transport. The mathematical model is implemented using the «Search for a solution» add-in in Microsoft Excel. On the basis of the developed model, the search for the efficient shift of the interval of a suburban route was carried out. The latterminimizes the total passengers' time for a transfer at a transport hub.

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Wu, Zhouyi, Peiying Lin, Chao Ma, Zhiyi Tang, Ran Li, and Jiangtao Huangfu. "Two-dimensional Wireless Power Relay Plane based on Rectangular Switchable Units." Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society 35, no. 11 (2021): 1450–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47037/2020.aces.j.351193.

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In this paper a two-dimensional wireless relay plane consists of square resonant units is proposed. Power transfer between the transmitting coil and receiver above any unit can be achieved by resonance through the shortest routes on the plane. The self-resonant frequencies of units on the planned route are adjusted to be identical for efficient power transfer, while units beyond the route are isolated from power exchange due to frequency shift. Full wave electromagnetic simulation is executed and analyzed. According to the simulation results, concentrated power transfer can be realized on the power relay plane, and the highest transmission efficiency is 73.93%.

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Afolabi, Oluwaseyi Joseph. "Solid Waste Management and Transport Route Optimization Using Geographic Information System in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 15, no. 3 (2020): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v15i3.13.

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With an unprecedented population and rapid urbanization, the solid waste collection and transportation has become a major challenge in Lagos metropolis. The main objective of the study was to optimize routes for solid waste collection and disposal using Geographic Information System (GIS) in order to improve solid waste management system in Lagos metropolis. Data on the GIS Network Analyst was used to determine movements between the transfer loading stations and the landfills to determine the collection time, travel distances, optimized routes and alternative routes for solid waste disposal while maximising total solid waste collection and disposal for environmental sustainability. Based on the findings, the study therefore recommends possible interventions such as regular collection of solid waste, proper management of the transfer loading stations and landfills, and that the collection of solid waste should be given more attention because it is important in the development of cities. Keywords: Solid wastes, Transportation, Route Optimization, GIS, Lagos metropolis

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Gittins, Matthew, David G. Lugo-Palacios, Lizz Paley, et al. "How do patients pass through stroke services? Identifying stroke care pathways using national audit data." Clinical Rehabilitation 34, no. 5 (2020): 698–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215520907654.

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Objective: To map and describe how patients pass through stroke services. Methods: Data from 94,905 stroke patients (July 2013–July 2015) who were still inpatients 72 hours after hospital admission were extracted from a national stroke register and were used to identify the routes patients took through hospital and community stroke services. We sought to categorize these routes through iterative consultations with clinical experts and to describe patient characteristics, therapy provision, outcomes and costs within each category. Results: We identified 874 routes defined by the type of admitting stroke team and subsequent transfer history. We consolidated these into nine distinct routes and further summarized these into three overlapping ‘pathways’ that accounted for 99% of the patients. These were direct discharge (44%), community rehabilitation (47%) and inpatient transfer (19%) with 12% of the patients receiving both inpatient transfer and community rehabilitation. Patients with the mildest and most severe strokes were more likely to follow the direct discharge pathway. Those perceived to need most therapy were more likely to follow the inpatient transfer pathway. Costs were lowest and mortality was highest for patients on the direct discharge pathway. Outcomes were best for patients on the community rehabilitation pathway and costs were highest where patients underwent inpatient transfers. Conclusion: Three overarching stroke care pathways were identified which differ according to patient characteristics, therapy needs and outcomes. This pathway mapping provides a benchmark to develop and plan clinical services, and for future research.

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Capp, S. "Cultural European Routes: Transfer Experiences, Share Solutions (Certess)." International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era 1, no. 1_suppl (2012): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2047-4970.1.0.175.

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Langi, Rivaldo Sirilus, Farhan Rizky Ramadhan, Luciano Vito Michael Pelenkahu, and Ina Agustini Murwani. "Factors that Influence the Intention to Reuse Public Transport Routes Involving Transfer in the Early Stage of Integrated Transportation System Development: MRT Case in Jakarta." Journal of Social Sciences Research, no. 63 (March 15, 2020): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.63.286.292.

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To improve the image of public transportation and encourage citizen to use it, the transportation infrastructure in Jakarta has been modernized by developing an integrated transportation system with MRT as the center of the integration. With the history of high preference to private vehicle use and the growing popularity of sharing ride, it is interesting to see whether the usage of public transportation will increase. Although the transportation system is being integrated, users of public transportation still need to exchange modes of transportation within the system and outside the system to finish the trip. This study aims to identify factors that can influence the intention to reuse public transportation routes involving transfer. The integration of Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) and other factors such as values, images and self-efficacy are investigated on the intentions to reuse routes involving transfers. The data is collected using questionnaires distributed in Jakarta MRT transit-oriented development and analyzed using PLS-SEM. Image and Attitude are proven not affecting the intention to reuse public transport routes involving transfer. The intention is influenced by perceived behavioral control (PBC) which is driven by self-efficacy and perceived controllability and subjective norms. This result to some extent is not consistent with the previous research about public transportation and has given another perspective about public transportation routes involving transfers especially in the early stage of integrated transportation system development.

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Wagner, Emilio, Pablo Wagner, Diego Zanolli, Rubén Radkievich, Gunther Redenz, and Rodrigo Guzman. "Biomechanical Evaluation of Circumtibial and Transmembranous Routes for Posterior Tibial Tendon Transfer for Dropfoot." Foot & Ankle International 39, no. 7 (2018): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100718760845.

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Background: Tibialis posterior tendon transfer is performed when loss of dorsiflexion has to be compensated. We evaluated the circumtibial (CT), above-retinaculum transmembranous (TMAR), and under-retinaculum transmembranous (TMUR) transfer gliding resistance and foot kinematics in a cadaveric foot model during ankle range of motion (ROM). Methods: Eight cadaveric foot-ankle distal tibia specimens were dissected free of soft tissues on the proximal end, applying an equivalent force to 50% of the stance phase to every tendon, except for the Achilles tendon. Dorsiflexion was tested with all of the tibialis posterior tendon transfer methods (CT, TMAR, and TMUR) using a tension tensile machine. A 10-repetition cycle of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion was performed for each transfer. Foot motion and the force needed to achieve dorsiflexion were recorded. Results: The CT transfer showed the highest gliding resistance ( P < .01). Regarding kinematics, all transfers decreased ankle ROM, with the CT transfer being the condition with less dorsiflexion compared with the control group (6.8 vs 15 degrees, P < .05). TMUR transfer did perform better than TMAR with regard to ankle dorsiflexion, but no difference was shown in gliding resistance. The CT produced a supination moment on the forefoot. Conclusion: The CT transfer had the highest tendon gliding resistance, achieved less dorsiflexion and had a supination moment. Clinical Relevance We suggest that the transmembranous tibialis posterior tendon transfer should be the transfer of choice. The potential bowstringing effect when performing a tibialis posterior tendon transfer subcutaneously (TMAR) could be avoided if the transfer is routed under the retinaculum, without significant compromise of the final function and even with a possible better ankle range of motion.

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Daamen, Winnie, Piet H. L. Bovy, and Serge P. Hoogendoorn. "Influence of Changes in Level on Passenger Route Choice in Railway Stations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1930, no. 1 (2005): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193000102.

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In assessing the design of a public transfer station, it is important to be able to predict the routes taken by passengers. Most simulation tools use simple route choice models that take into account only the shortest walking distance or walking time between a passenger's origin and destination. To improve this type of route choice model, other factors affecting passenger route choice need to be identified. Also, the way these factors influence route choice behavior needs to be determined to indicate how each factor is valued. In this research, route choice data have been collected in two Dutch train stations by following passengers through the facility from their origins to their destinations. These data have been used to estimate extended route choice models. The focus is on the influences of level changes in walking routes on passenger route choice behavior. It appears that ways of bridging level changes (ramps, stairs, escalators) each have a significant and different impact on the attractiveness of a route to a traveler.

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Tian, Zhiqiang, Guofeng Sun, Dingjun Chen, Zhicheng Qiu, and Yawen Ma. "Method for Determining the Valid Travel Route of Railways Based on Generalised Cost under the Syncretic Railway Network." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 11, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8287648.

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Travel route options for passengers can provide data support for railway line planning, passenger flow organisation, and train operation establishment. A critical review of the literature indicates that previous studies mainly focused on choices offered by a single railway network path without much consideration of China’s normal-speed and high-speed integrated railway network and the effect of train timetable on passengers’ travel choice. In this study, a method based on generalised cost is proposed to discover the valid routes of passenger travel in the integrated network of China’s normal-speed and high-speed railways. After quantifying the effects of train fare, travel time, transfer, travel convenience, comfort, and other factors on the generalised expenses of passengers, this study presents a generalised cost determination method when individuals select an option from different seats of different trains of specific railway transport products. Theoretically, the valid routes considering the train schedule is defined, and a valid route search algorithm is designed using the deep traversal idea in a new valid route searching network. Considering the Lanzhou-Beijing passenger travel routes as an example, this study verifies the practicability of the generalised cost calculation method, as well as that of the valid routes search method.

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Shih, Mao-Chang, Hani S. Mahmassani, and M. Hadi Baaj. "Trip Assignment Model for Timed-Transfer Transit Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1571, no. 1 (1997): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1571-04.

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A trip assignment model for timed-transfer transit systems is presented. Previously proposed trip assignment models focused on uncoordinated transit systems only. In timed-transfer transit systems, routes are coordinated and scheduled to arrive at transfer stations within preset time windows. Thus, passengers at coordinated operations terminals may face a choice among simultaneously departing buses serving alternative routes (unlike the case for uncoordinated operations terminals, where passengers generally board the first vehicle to arrive). A general trip assignment model is proposed that applies different assignment rules for three types of transfer terminals: uncoordinated operations terminals, coordinated operations terminals with a common headway for all routes, and coordinated operations terminals with integer-ratio headways for all routes. In addition, the care of missed connections at transfer terminals (due to vehicles arriving behind schedule) is accounted for. The model has been implemented in the LISP computer language, whose “list” data structure is specially suited to handle path search and enumeration. Results from an application to an example network with different combinations of terminal operations and headways indicate the following: ( a) demand tends to be assigned to higher-frequency paths in the uncoordinated transit network; ( b) demand is more concentrated, and tends to be assigned to paths with higher frequency and lower travel costs in the coordinated transit network; and ( c) missed connections have no significant effects on trip assignment.

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Fan, P. C., H. Lu, and L. H. Lin. "Experimental transfer of Paragonimus westermani from rodents to rodents following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes." Journal of Helminthology 68, no. 1 (1994): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00013444.

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AbstractIn order to investigate the experimental transfer of Paragonimus westermani from rodents to rodents following subcutaneous and intraperitoneal routes, 13 rats and 23 mice were inoculated with a total of 115 (1 mature and 114 immature) worms of P. westermani subcutaneously and intraperitoneally. The age of worms before transfer was 25–193 days. The transfer was performed immediately after worm collection from rodents which were killed at various intervals from 4 to 144 days after infection. The location, development and size of worms were recorded. An infection rate of 58% (or 21/36) was demonstrated in rodents after experimental transfer of P. westermani by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous routes. Twenty-seven worms were recovered, giving a worm recovery rate of 23.5%. The rate was significantly higher by the subcutaneous route (34.8%) than by the intraperitoneal route (20.7%) but no difference was found between mice (23.9%) and rats (23.0%). The sizes of worms in the abdominal cavity, pleural cavity and thoracic muscles of mice, and in the leg muscles of rats were much less than in the pleural cavity and lung cysts of rats. A mature worm (7×5 mm) and numerous eggs were found in the uterus and pleural cavity of one rat. It is evidence that these rodents are unfavourable definitive hosts of P. westermani, because the worm size, infectivity, maturation and egg production are usually very low. However, the worms are usually widely distributed in their rodent hosts and remain small in size for a long period. Therefore, these rodents are good paratenic hosts for P. westermani and can play an important role in infecting cats and dogs with P. westermani in the laboratory.

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Blanquet, Sylvain, Yves Mechulam, and Emmanuelle Schmitt. "The many routes of bacterial transfer RNAs after aminoacylation." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 10, no. 1 (2000): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-440x(99)00055-x.

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Chen, Hong, Hu Xing Zhou, and Juan Meng. "Parallel Route Optimization Algorithm of Central Guidance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 1571–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.1571.

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To solve the problem that the central guidance system takes too long time to calculate the shortest routes between all node pairs of network which can not meet the real-time demand of central guidance, this paper presents a central guidance parallel route optimization method based on parallel computing technique involving both route optimization time and travelers preferences by means of researching three parts: network data storage based on an array, multi-level network decomposition with travelers preferences considered and parallel shortest route computing of deque based on messages transfer. And based on the actual traffic network data of Guangzhou city, the suggested method is verified on three parallel computing platforms including ordinary PC cluster, Lenovo server cluster and HP workstations cluster. The results show that above three clusters finish the optimization of 21.4 million routes between 5631 nodes of Guangzhou city traffic network in 215, 189 and 177 seconds with the presented method respectively, which can completely meet the real-time demand of the central guidance.

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Yang, Taoyuan, Peng Zhao, and Xiangming Yao. "A Method to Estimate URT Passenger Spatial-Temporal Trajectory with Smart Card Data and Train Schedules." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (2020): 2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062574.

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Precise estimation of passenger spatial-temporal trajectory is the basis for urban rail transit (URT) passenger flow assignment and ticket fare clearing. Inspired by the correlation between passenger tap-in/out time and train schedules, we present a method to estimate URT passenger spatial-temporal trajectory. First, we classify passengers into four types according to the number of their routes and transfers. Subsequently, based on the characteristic that passengers tap-out in batches at each station, the K-means algorithm is used to assign passengers to trains. Then, we acquire passenger access, egress, and transfer time distribution, which are used to give a probability estimation of passenger trajectories. Finally, in a multi-route case of the Beijing Subway, this method presents an estimation result with 91.2% of the passengers choosing the same route in two consecutive days, and the difference of route choice ratio in these two days is 3.8%. Our method has high accuracy and provides a new method for passenger microcosmic behavior research.

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Hoonsiri, Chinnawat, Vasin Kiattikomol, and Siriluk Chiarakorn. "Energy Saving and CO2 Reduction Potential from Partial Bus Routes Reduction Model in Bangkok Urban Fringe." Energies 13, no. 22 (2020): 5963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13225963.

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Bus networks in many capital cities are long distances and partially overlapping with each other. As a result, waiting time is high and energy consumption efficiency is poor. Bus operators in many countries tried to reform their bus routes to reduce waiting time and fuel costs by reducing overlapping bus routes. However, most of the reformed bus routes were complicated, which caused discomfort to passengers to use the bus service. To overcome this problem, this study proposed a new bus reformed model called the Partial Bus Routes Reduction in Urban Fringe Model (PBRU) which was a simple and passenger-friendly route operation. It resulted in 14% of total inbound and 16% of total outbound passengers receiving the benefit of waiting time reduction. Most passengers wait twice at the resident bus-stop and transfer point. As a result, the overall waiting time increased by 0.72–3.75 min. The reduction of fuel consumption was consistent with increasing load factors and dependent on the time period. The bus reform operations during the off-peak hours had more benefits in terms of waiting time reduction, energy-saving potential, and CO2 reduction than during the rush hours.

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Rodrigues, Diego O., Guilherme Maia, Torsten Braun, Antonio A. F. Loureiro, Maycon L. M. Peixoto, and Leandro A. Villas. "Exploring Hybrid-Multimodal Routing to Improve User Experience in Urban Trips." Applied Sciences 11, no. 10 (2021): 4523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11104523.

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Millions of individuals rely on urban transportation every day to travel inside cities. However, it is not clear how route parameters (e.g., traffic conditions, waiting times) influence users when selecting a particular route option for their trips. These parameters play an important role in route recommendation systems, and most of the currently available applications omit them. This work introduces a new hybrid-multimodal routing algorithm that evaluates different routes that combine different transportation modes. Hybrid-multimodal routes are route options that might consist of more than one transportation mode. The motivation to use different transportation modes is to avoid unpleasant trip segments (e.g., traffic jams, long walks) by switching to another mode. We show that the possibility of planning a trip with different transportation modes can lead to improvement of cost, duration, and quality of experience urban trips. We outline the main research contributions of this work, as (i) an user experience model that considers time, price, active transportation (i.e., non-motorized transport) acceptability, and traffic conditions to evaluate the hybrid routes; and, (ii) a flow clustering technique to identify relevant mobility flows in low-sampled datasets for reducing the data volume and allow the execution of the analytical evaluation. (i) uses a Discrete Choice Analyses framework to model different variables and estimate a value for user experience in the trip. (ii) is a methodology to aggregate mobility flows by using Spatio-temporal Clustering and identify the most relevant of these flows using Curvature Analysis. We evaluate the proposed hybrid-multimodal routing algorithm with data from the Green and Yellow Taxis of New York, Citi Bike NYC data, and other publicly available datasets; and, different APIs, such as Uber and Google Directions. The results reveal that selecting hybrid routes can benefit passengers by saving time or reducing costs, and sometimes both, when compared to routes using a single transportation mode.

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Grisé, Emily, and Ahmed El-Geneidy. "Transferring Matters: Analysis of the Influence of Transfers on Trip Satisfaction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 9 (2019): 254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844964.

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Conventional wisdom in public transport planning suggests that transfers should be minimized because of the negative perceptions associated with them. However, little is known about how transferring affects overall satisfaction levels. This study aims to answer the following three research questions: (1) Are people that require transfers on their daily commute less satisfied with their trips compared with their non-transferring counterparts? (2) How many transfers appear to be too many transfers to remain satisfied with a trip? (3) Do mode-specific transfers have different impacts on overall satisfaction levels? Using data from a 2017/18 commuting survey of students, faculty, and staff at McGill University, Montreal, Canada, this study tries to answer the above questions through two statistical models, general and mode-specific. The general model showed that compared with trips involving zero transfers, no statistical difference in trip satisfaction was observed for one-transfer trips, whereas trip satisfaction declines by 32% when a rider must transfer at least two times. The mode-specific transfers showed that transferring between bus routes, and between a bus and subway, negatively affects trip satisfaction. However, transferring between subway lines did not show an impact in the models. These results show that transferring between high-frequency routes does not affect total trip satisfaction levels in the same way as transfers involving low-frequency services. Findings from this study are expected to contribute to both scholarly and practical discussions of the relationship between transferring and customer satisfaction.

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Feshchenko, V. V. "CONCEPTUALIZATION IN THE HUMANITIES AND IN THE ARTS: TRANSFER ROUTES." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 1 (2016): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2016-1-43-54.

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AMMON, H. P. T. "ChemInform Abstract: Signal Transfer Routes in Stimulation of Insulin Secretion." ChemInform 27, no. 35 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199635330.

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Kirkpatrick, Charles H., Abdel Rahim Hamad, and Lori C. Morton. "Murine Transfer Factors: Dose-Response Relationships and Routes of Administration." Cellular Immunology 164, no. 2 (1995): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cimm.1995.1162.

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Chowdhury, Subeh, Avishai Ceder, and Ripul Sachdeva. "The effects of planned and unplanned transfers on public transport users' perception of transfer routes." Transportation Planning and Technology 37, no. 2 (2013): 154–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081060.2013.851511.

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Sumantri, Dirga Imam Gozali, Muhamad Raihan, Pindi Setiawan, and Agung Budi Harto. "The Magnificent Pilgrimage Route of Borobudur." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-355-2019.

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Abstract. The historical map of Magnificent Pilgrimage Route of Borobudur is the research product of history, cartography, and visual communication. The purpose is to reconstruct the information of ancient pilgrimage routes in the magnificent era of Borobudur temple in Java Island.The pilgrim routes are considered from several factors. First, transportation images factor which is appeared in Borobudur Temple Relief. These images reflect many vehicles in the Buddhist era. There are many types of transportation such as land transportation, river transportation, and sea transportation. The transportation types image drawn on relief are assumed to fit into the technology achievement at that time and associated with the transfer of pilgrims by sea, land, and river comfortably and without harm.Second, the route factors are considered from the transportation technology which connected with trading shipping routes. The story begins from the seafarers and pilgrims through South East Asia. Smooth seas along North Java construct the trading route and ports were being the gate of the island. Ashore, the territories of ruling kingdoms consider the chosen route.Last, topographic and waterway conditions create optional routes to reach Borobudur. Topographic and waterway are generated with the current condition and combined with historical pieces of evidence. Shreds of evidence are collected from many scholars, maps, artefacts, and sites which related to peoples and goods movement.Mainframe focusing on the landscape perspective of the temple. Side information points out the entire journey with small-scale maps, figures, and infographics. Reliefs and characters of Borobudur are used to enrich the element of the map. The product will be drawn on a printed map.

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Damayanti and Ho-Shing Wu. "Strategic Possibility Routes of Recycled PET." Polymers 13, no. 9 (2021): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091475.

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The polyethylene terephthalate (PET) application has many challenges and potential due to its sustainability. The conventional PET degradation was developed for several technologies to get higher yield products of ethylene glycol, bis(2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) and terephthalic acid. The chemical recycling of PET is reviewed, such as pyrolysis, hydrolysis, methanolysis, glycolysis, ionic-liquid, phase-transfer catalysis and combination of glycolysis–hydrolysis, glycolysis–methanolysis and methanolysis–hydrolysis. Furthermore, the reaction kinetics and reaction conditions were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The recycling of PET is to solve environmental problems and find another source of raw material for petrochemical products and energy.

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Witt, Emlyn, and Roode Liias. "COMPARING RISK TRANSFERS UNDER DIFFERENT PROCUREMENT ARRANGEMENTS / RIZIKOS PERKĖLIMO, TAIKANT SKIRTINGAS PIRKIMŲ TVARKAS, PALYGINIMAS." International Journal of Strategic Property Management 15, no. 2 (2011): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648715x.2011.582750.

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Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) may be considered to represent a range of procurement routes characterized by the integration of many project elements into a single contract with an output-based pricing mechanism. At the other end of the same continuum of procurement routes are less integrated arrangements with more input-based pricing (‘traditional’ procurement). Risk transfer from the client to the contractor should vary with procurement route attribute values: with greater integration and more output-based pricing an increase in risk transfer would be expected. The more risk transferred to the contractor, the greater the incentive for the contractor to deliver the project efficiently. The paper proposes indicators of risk transfer and delivery efficiency which are then used in modeling the relationships between risk transfer, efficiency and procurement route attributes. The proposed model enables the mi croeconomic assumptions which underlie PPPs to be tested with data from historical construction projects in order to cast light on the effectiveness of the PPP approach. Santrauka Privataus ir viešojo sektorių partnerystė (angl. PPPs) gali būti svarstoma kaip pirkimo būdas, kuris nusakomas įvairių elementų įtraukimu į vieną sutartį, paremtą gamybos apimčių kainodaros mechanizmu. Kitame šios nenutraukiamos pirkimų srautų virtinės gale yra ne tokie kompleksiniai susitarimai, paremti sąnaudų kainodaros principais (,,tradiciniai“ pirkimai). Rizikos perkėlimas nuo kliento prie rangovo turi skirtis priklausomai nuo pirkimų srautų savybių vertės: taikant platesnį kompleksiškumą ir gamybos apimčių kainodarą, tikėtina padidinti ir rizikos perkėlimo galimybę. Kuo didesnė rizika perkeliama rangovui, tuo efektyviau jis stengiasi įgyvendinti projektą. Straipsnyje siūlomi rizikos pėrkelimo ir įgyvendinimo efektyvumo rodikliai, kurie vėliau yra pritaikyti modeliuojant rizikos perkėlimo, efektyvumo ir pirkimo srautų savybių tarpusavio priklausomybes. Siūlomas modelis leidžia patikrinti mikroekonomikos prielaidas, sudarančias privataus ir viešojo sektorių partnerystės pagrindą, naudojant istorinius statybos objektų duomenis, ir atskleisti privataus ir viešojo sektorių partnerystės požiūrio efektyvumą.

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Ghadwal, Rajendra S., Jan-Hendrik Lamm, Dennis Rottschäfer, Christian J. Schürmann, and Serhiy Demeshko. "Facile routes to abnormal-NHC-cobalt(ii) complexes." Dalton Transactions 46, no. 24 (2017): 7664–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7dt01778b.

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Deprotonation of 1 with Co{N(SiMe3)2}2 affords aNHC-Co(ii) complex 2, whereas carbene transfer from 3 to Co{N(SiMe3)2}2 enables access to complex 4.

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Brânzanic, Adrian M. V., Ulf Ryde, and Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu. "Why does sulfite reductase employ siroheme?" Chemical Communications 55, no. 93 (2019): 14047–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc05271b.

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Davis, E., V. H. Remenda, and E. K. Sauer. "Quality Degradation in Waters Undergoing Interbasin Transfer." Water Quality Research Journal 23, no. 3 (1988): 408–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1988.030.

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Abstract The Saskatchewan River system is the main source of good quality water in the Western Interior Sedimentary Basin which forms the populated and agricultural area of the prairie region of Western Canada. Water from this river system has in the past been diverted at many points into local drainage areas where water shortages existed. It is expected that in the future more diversion schemes will be initiated to transport Saskatchewan River water to the water deficient areas of the Prairies. There is evidence that the quality of water flowing into diversion schemes utilizing existing drainage systems or glacial and proglacial drainage channels has been degraded from natural causes. Increases in mineral salts and phosphates, in some cases, has rendered the diverted water of little use for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. More diversions are in the feasibility and planning stages - many diversions may prove to be unacceptable if the inherent degradation potential of natural channels is understood. Alternative diversion routes and schemes which exclude the use of topographical low areas will have to be devised and investigations conducted on the degradation potential of the alternative routes.

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Su, Jie, and Jun Li. "Decentralized Intelligent Search of Tourist Routes Based on Check-In Data." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 12, no. 3 (2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmcmc.2021070101.

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The location social network generates a large amount of data; these dada reflect the user's preferences and the popularity of the route, and a new model is provided for travel route search. Based on this demand, a problem of local distributed travel route search is proposed for group users. In this problem, the personal preferences of group users are combined, and an access route is found with partial POI (point of interest) and the largest group profit. The check-in data are used to generate a POI transfer relationship diagram based on the user's transfer between POIs, and route search is performed on the relationship diagram. In order to improve the search efficiency, a two-layer transfer relationship diagram is designed according to the popularity and transfer relationship of POI, the POI is generalized, and a hierarchical query is realized. A branch and bound search strategy optimization algorithm is designed, and the control relationship between nodes is used for pruning; the search efficiency of the algorithm is further improved.

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Popovic, Pavol, Ali H. Nayfeh, Kyoyul Oh, and Samir A. Nayfeh. "An Experimental Investigation of Energy Transfer from a High- Frequency Mode to a Low-Frequency Mode in a Flexible Structure." Journal of Vibration and Control 1, no. 1 (1995): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107754639500100108.

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The objective of the present article is to experimentally observe and characterize the transfer of energy from low-amplitude, high-frequency modes to high-amplitude, low-frequency modes. The subject of the study is a three-beam frame. The excitation amplitude is restricted to below 2 g peak. The authors have focused on observing, characterizing, and documenting the excitation of the first mode by high-frequency forcing. The energy-transfer processes are identified by power spectra and characterized further by frequency and amplitude sweeps. The energy-transfer routes observed in the experiment are subharmonic resonance of order one-half, combination resonance of the additive type, and interaction between widely spaced modes. In the latter route, an excitation at a frequency that is more than 100 times the first-mode frequency has been observed to excite the first mode.

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Wang, Tongtong, and Hao Chen. "Ecological Strategies on the Demonstration of the Western Route Water Transfer." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601030.

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To comply with the national strategic layout adjustment in recent years, and to promote ecological civilization construction in China western region, it is necessary to study the opportunities and challenges in the Western Route Water Transfer demonstration brought by in ecological and environmental changes in both water-source regions and water receiving regions. By referring to the operation management experience of the Eastern and Middle routes of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, this paper analyzed the ecological and environmental changes of the Western Route Project’s water transfer rivers, and the relationship between water and sediment of the Yellow River in water-receiving regions, found out the integrating point between the Western Route Project and the new development ideas, and finally concluded that the ecology must be given to priority in the demonstration of the Western Route Project. The early stage work of the Western Route Project needed to follow the general principles as for any major water conservancy project, which includes to demonstrate the project necessity given fully employing the water-saving potential, and to give highest priority to ecological security. Several relationships need be coordinated between: water source regions and water-receiving regions in water-saving, water ecological restoration and water resources development, water pollution control and water resources management, government leading and society participation, etc. These instruments above will guarantee both the water-source and water-receiving regions could benefit from the Western Route Project, help to solve the contradiction between ecological protection and water resources allocation, and facilitate achieving the target of sustainable development.

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Teleanu, Florin, Alexandru Topor, Diana Serafin, Aude Sadet, and Paul R. Vasos. "Rotating-Frame Overhauser Transfer via Long-Lived Coherences." Symmetry 13, no. 9 (2021): 1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091685.

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Solution-state distance restraints for protein structure determination with Ångström-level resolution rely on through-space transfer of magnetization between nuclear spins. Such magnetization transfers, named Overhauser effects, occur via dipolar magnetic couplings. We demonstrate improvements in magnetization transfer using long-lived coherences (LLCs)—singlet-triplet superpositions that are antisymmetric with respect to spin-permutation within pairs of coupled magnetic nuclei—as the magnetization source. Magnetization transfers in the presence of radio-frequency irradiation, known as ‘rotating-frame’ Overhauser effects (ROEs), are predicted by theory to improve by the use of LLCs; calculations are matched by preliminary experiments herein. The LLC-ROE transfers were compared to the transmission of magnetization via classical transverse routes. Long-lived coherences accumulate magnetization on an external third proton, K, with transfer rates that depended on the tumbling regime. transfers in the LLC configuration for (I,S) are anticipated to match, and then overcome, the same transfer rates in the classical configuration as the molecular rotational correlation times increase. Experimentally, we measured the LLC-ROE transfer in dipeptide AlaGly between aliphatic protons in different residues K = Ala − Hα and (I,S) = Gly − Hα1,2 over a distance = 2.3 Å. Based on spin dynamics calculations, we anticipate that, for such distances, a superior transfer of magnetization occurs using LLC-ROE compared to classical ROE at correlation times above . The LLC-ROE effect shows potential for improving structural studies of large proteins and offering constraints of increased precision for high-affinity protein-ligand complexes in slow tumbling in the liquid state.

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Gehrer, Lukas, and Christoph Vorburger. "Parasitoids as vectors of facultative bacterial endosymbionts in aphids." Biology Letters 8, no. 4 (2012): 613–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0144.

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Heritable bacterial endosymbionts play an important role in aphid ecology. Sequence-based evidence suggests that facultative symbionts such as Hamiltonella defensa or Regiella insecticola also undergo horizontal transmission. Other than through male-to-female transfer during the sexual generation in autumn, the routes by which this occurs remain largely unknown. Here, we tested if parasitoids or ectoparasitic mites can act as vectors for horizontal transfer of facultative symbionts. Using symbiont-specific primers for diagnostic PCR, we demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, that parasitoids can indeed transfer H. defensa and R. insecticola by sequentially stabbing infected and uninfected individuals of their host, Aphis fabae , establishing new, heritable infections. Thus, a natural route of horizontal symbiont transmission is also available during the many clonal generations of the aphid life cycle. No transmissions by ectoparasitic mites were observed, nor did parasitoids that emerged from symbiont-infected aphids transfer any symbionts in our experiments.

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Kim, Jin-Tae. "Population transfer routes to the lowest vibrational level of ultracold 39K85Rb." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 63, no. 4 (2013): 933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.63.933.

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Danishefsky, Samuel J., Maria Paz Cabal, and Ken Chow. "Novel stereospecific silyl group transfer reactions: practical routes to the prostaglandins." Journal of the American Chemical Society 111, no. 9 (1989): 3456–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00191a067.

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Boiteau, Laurent, Jean Boivin, Béatrice Quiclet-Sire, Jean-Baptiste Saunier та Samir Z. Zard. "Synthetic routes to β-lactams. Some unexpected hydrogen atom transfer reactions". Tetrahedron 54, № 10 (1998): 2087–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(97)10417-3.

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Zevedei-Oancea, Ionela, and Stefan Schuster. "A theoretical framework for detecting signal transfer routes in signalling networks." Computers & Chemical Engineering 29, no. 3 (2005): 597–617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compchemeng.2004.08.026.

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Masser, Michael P., and William H. Neill. "Routes of heat transfer in two teleosts,Ictalurus punctatus andLepomis macrochirus." Environmental Biology of Fishes 16, no. 4 (1986): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00842988.

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Hayashi, Takanori, Shin'ichiro Yamasaki, Naoto Morita, Hitoshi Aida, Masato Takeichi, and Norihisa Doi. "Performance evaluation of data transfer on multiple routes through the Internet." Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 85, no. 12 (2002): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecja.1144.

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Aro, Eva-Mari, Pengpeng Zhang, Marion Eisenhut, Yagut Allahverdiyeva, and Natalia Battchikova. "Electron transfer routes in cyanobacterial thylakoid membranes — Impact on biohydrogen production." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1797 (July 2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2010.04.040.

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Sudhakar, Ch, N. Thirupathi Rao, and Debnath Bhattacharyya. "Early Assortment of Routes for Transfer of Packets in Communication Networks." International Journal of Future Generation Communication and Networking 12, no. 1 (2019): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33832/ijfgcn.2019.12.1.03.

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Zhang, Tianmu, Jingwen Yao, Shuai Zhang, et al. "Highly efficient and low efficiency roll-off organic light-emitting diodes with double-exciplex forming co-hosts." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 18 (2021): 6062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc05842d.

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Huang, Long Chao, Wei Guan, and Jie Xiong. "Routing Design Optimization of Bus Joint for Passenger Transfer Centers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 4140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.4140.

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Bus routing problem is the basic work of public transit planning and operation. This paper develops a solution for the optimal routing problem of bus connected with a passenger transfer center based on the research of vehicle routing problem (VRP), which is an important issue in the logistics distribution. The optimal routing solution is formulated as linking a series of bus stops in a certain order, aiming at minimizing the total cost, which includes user and supplier costs. To solve the problem, a weighting function is established to determine the weight of every link first and then an ant colony algorithm (ACO) is used to calculate the optimal solution. At last, a case study is presented based on the existing routes and stops served for the Huilongguan Community in Beijing, and the results shows that the set of routes obtained from the optimal solution costs less than the existing one.

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Sadoon, Ayad Naeem, Ali H. Kadhum, and Amjad Barzan Abdulghafour. "Development of Solid Waste Management Plan to Solve the Transport Routes Problem in Baghdad City." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 23, no. 2 (2020): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.23020159.

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The transportation cost problem of solid waste presents the biggest part of the budget allocated by municipalities for SWM. So, there is no comprehensive plan to address transport routes optimization problems in SWM that including the transfer of solid waste from transfer stations to final landfill sites. Therefore, the aim of the study finding a scientific method to solve the transportation problem of solid waste transport suitable Baghdad city that tries to find feasible solutions that ensure reducing total transport costs and leads to an effective solid waste management system. In this research, a new methodology has been developed to select the optimal transport routs of SWM in Baghdad city which involves determining the best-supposed scenario. the proposed methodology includes integration of Global Positioning System (GPS) technologies with Network Analysis model (NA). Therefore, this work provides an advanced framework of decision-makers for analysis and simulation of the optimal transport routs problem related to SWM. Applying these modeling tools to select the scenario that can provide economic benefits by minimizing travel time, travel distance and reduction of total transportation costs. The Results of work implementation show that all solutions that include current state S1 and suggested scenarios have been evaluated. The scenarios generated include (S2, S3) by applying the proposed technique for analyzed and identified the optimal routes. The solutions of scenario S2, specified with two landfill sites while scenarios S3 specified with four landfill sites. Finally, this work shows the Scenario S3 is the best scenario of the solution, that include applied GPS and Network Analysis for four landfill sites.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Transfer routes'

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